中考词法复习---名词

课件38张PPT。
名词初三英语总复习学习目标
要点、考点聚焦
典型考题解析
课时训练 ????
????? ? 中考考查形式：选择题、单词拼写、完形填空。学习目标
掌握常用名词的数的变化(b,c)；?掌握名词所有格的构成用法(b,c)；辨识常用专有名词的一些常用的缩写形式(a)。a对知识的记忆和识别.
b对知识的领会;理解和转换.
c对知识的运用;分析和重组,并能用语言做事.考点揭密 _____________________________________　|　　|专有名词 |　　　　　　　　　　　 |　| 名 |　　　　 | 个体名词　 |　　　　　 |　|　　|　　　　 |　　　　　 | 可数名词　| 　|　　|　　　　 | 集体名词　 |　　　　 　|　|　　|普通名词 |　　　　　 |　　　　　 |　| 词 |　　　　 | 物质名词　 |　　　　　 |　|　　|　　　　 |　　　　　 | 不可数名词|　|　　|　　　　 | 抽象名词　 |　　　　 　|
Proper Nouns (专有名词):
指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写常用专有名词的一些常见的缩写形式:CCTV UFO ID USA UN WTO UB… 专有名词
表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写
* Lucy ,Zhou Jielun
* the Summer Palace ,Wenzhou
* China,England,Japan
Monday,Tuesday,---
January,February---
Teachers’ Day, the Spring Festival---普通名词
1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：apple等。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family，clothes，police等。
3）物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如air，bread，money，chicken等等。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work，information等。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。

★可数名词
表示人、事物、地点等的名称。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分

可数名词的单数形式
一般可用a来修饰
* a car *a book
在元音发音开头的单词前用 an
* an elephant
* an apple
请区别：a useful machine
a university
要点考点聚焦flowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf -- leavesboxes找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesradiosphotos找规律zoospianos不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geese与众不同NOUN.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数
*There are a few people in the park.
*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。
特别记住housework
work chalk time space music
money weather cotton homework
wood information news medicine 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数
*Some bread is over there.
*No news is good news.
2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词
*They had much money.
*He does little housework at home. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数
*There is a piece of paper in the book.
*Three glasses of orange are on the desk.a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词注意：
可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数
* There are two bags of clothes over there.
* We have five boxes of apples.Translation 英汉互译 两杯橙汁
2.六袋米
3.几片面包
4.七杯茶
5.三箱苹果
6.一些女教师
7.几个男司机
8. 五个男学生
9.很多女学生
10.四个家庭成员two glasses of orangesix bags of riceseveral pieces of breadseven cups of teathree boxes of applessome women teachersa few men driversfive boy studentsmany girl studentsfour family members有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间) (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(时代) Quick Response 快速反应
Say the plural forms of the countable nounsjob __________ 2.cake __________ 3.bread __________
4.baby __________ 5.lady ______ 6.key________
7.box __________ 8.match __________ 9.brush __________
10.leaf __________ 11.knife __________ 12.shelf __________
13.potato_______ 14.photo ______ 15.radio __________
16.people__________ 17.police __________ 18.news __________
19.tooth __________ 20.child __________ 21.day __________jobscakesbabiesladieskeysboxesmatchesbrushesleavesknivesshelvespotatoesphotosradiospeoplepoliceteeth childrendays看例题识所有格 1. Beijing is the capital of China.
Beijing is China’s capital. 2. This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
Bob and Lucy’s sister is a nurse. 3. These are Tom’s and Lily’s bags.4. She is the two boys’ mother.5. the door of the room
the leaves of the tree 6. the girl’s name=the name of the girl7. He is a friend of my brother’s.……的名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加’s。
eg．Mike’s watch；Women’s Day
②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加’。
eg．teachers’office，students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加’s。
eg．Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加’s。
eg.Mary’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)
(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构
eg．a map Of China，the beginning Of this game，the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格
eg．the boy’s name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)
the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
China’s population=the population Of China(中国的人口)
China’s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)
②双重所有格
eg．a fiend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片【例1】Today is September 10th.It's_____Day.［2006，天津］?
A.Teachers B.Teachers'?
C.the Teachers' D.Teacher's? 【例2】 I'm afraid that there is no_________ for you in my car,because there are already five people.［2006，山西］?
A.land B.ground? C.room D.floor? ? ? BC 【例3】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_________,please?
［2006，广东］?
A.some bread B.some water?
C.some cakes D.some eggs? 【例4】 Some_________are flying kites near the river.
［2006，长沙］?
A.child B.boy? C.boys ? B C典型考题解析1.—How far is your school from here？
—Not very far．It's about twenty walk.（2006杭州）
A．minute's? B．minutes? C．minutes'?
2. There are three in my family. (2006长春）
A.people B. person C. child
3. Most students can go to college for further in our city.
A. education B. information C.science
4. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much.
A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane’s C.Ann’s and Jane’s C A A B1.The rich_________not always happy.?
A.are B.is? C.have D.has?
2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.?
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes?
C.letter box D.letters box?
3.There are four_______and two_______in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen?
C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans?
4.She was born in Wuhan,but Wenzhou has become her second_________.?
A.home B.family? C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_________.?
A.a good news? B.a piece of news?
C.many good news? D.two news? AADAB课时训练6.March 8th is _________Day.?
A.Woman's B.Women's C. Women
7.We can do the work better with______money and
________ people.?
A.less,fewer B.fewer,less?
C.little,little D.few, few?
8.There are three_________in our class.?
A.Zhou's B.Zhous C.Zhous' D.Zhous's 9.It's about ten_________walk.?
A.minute's B.minutes'?
C.minute D.minutes?
10.This room is_________.?
A.Bill and David's? B.Bill's and David's?
C.Bills and David's? D.Bill and David? (B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful______in China.
A.city B.cities? C. the cities?
12.Would you like_________??
A.some more meat ?B.any more meat?
C.many more meat? D.more much meat 13.—What can I do for you, sir?
—I'd like two_________.?
A.bottle of milk? B.bottles of milks?
C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks?
14.Tom's car is more beautiful than_________.?
A.his brother's and sister?
B.his brother and sister?
C.his brothers and sisters?
D.his brother's and sister's?
15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_________.?
A.workers B.scientists? C.doctors D.nurse?BACD D指点迷津Ten years ______(is ,are) short time for me.
A pair of shoes ______(is, are) under the bed.
The number of the students in our school _____(is ,are) 2,000.
The woman with two children ______( is ,are ) coming here.isisisis5. Maths ______(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.
6. The population of China _______(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.
7. One of the students ______(have, has) gone to Shanghai.isishas典型例题解析
The Browns is going to visit China. ( )
The Browns are going to visit China. ( )
The young is dancing there. ( )
The young are dancing there. ( )
Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )
Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )
We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )
We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )
This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )
This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ) √ √ √ √ √ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅹ Formulas 寻找规律1.直接加-s
2.以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，变 y 为i 加-es
Eg. baby, city, country, dictionary, factory,
family, lady, party, story, library, etc.
Notes:以元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接加-s
Eg: boy, day, birthday, holiday, key,
monkey, toy, play, way, weekday, etc.
3．以s, x , ch, sh 为结尾的名词，加-es
Eg: bus, box, class, address, dress, glass,
watch, match, sandwich, brush, cross, etc.
4.以f 或 fe 为结尾的名词，变f 或 fe为ve 再加s
Eg: half, thief, half, shelf, knife, life,
wife, wolf, etc.
5.以o 为结尾的单词的名词，加es 或 s
加es的: tomato, potato, hero
加s的: photo, radio, piano, kilo, bamboo, zoo
Notes: zero 的复数为 zeros 或 zeroes1.单数和复数相同
Eg: Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer,fish
2.变元音字母
man—men woman---women
foot--- feet tooth---teeth
Frenchman---Frenchmen
3.词尾变化
child---children
4.通常以复数形式出现的名词
trousers, scissors, chopsticks, clothes, glasses , people，
police,看我“七十二变”常具有赞美的意味 ful具有……的性质y表示充满……的less没有……的dangerous形容词NOUN.See you next time!