不定式用法小结及经典练习（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 不定式用法小结及经典练习（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 13.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-03-06 08:30:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
动词不定式用法
◆动词不定式（to do）是一种非谓语形式，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中，除了不能作谓语之外，可以充当其它任何一种成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补和状语。
◆结构
①一般式to do. 表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
I plan to listen to music this afternoon.
②完成式to have done.表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
③被动式to be done.
Nobody likes to be laughed at.
④否定式 not to do， 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
◆不定式做主语
不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
To finish this report took him a week. To see is to believe.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it is difficult to know what the future will be like.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词( important, difficult, inconvenient,foolish, kind...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is important for us young people to learn English .
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, one's duty, an honor, a shame, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a pity to have to go without her.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
◆不定式作表语
不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
My job is to help the poor person.
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
◆不定式作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, like（喜欢）, wish（希望）, hate（讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,continue（继续），manage（设法）, try（尽力）, offer（提供）, start（开始）, begin（开始）, forget（忘记）, remember（记得）, promise（答应）, mean（打算）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, learn（学会）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）,demand(需要，要求)等。
I have learned to adapt to my disability. The workers demanded to get better pay.
不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中: 主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：
believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
◆不定式作宾语补足语
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：help , wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, advise, tell , ask ，allow（允许）, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）,（建议）,encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）等。
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式省略to.
感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel,listen to ,observe；使役动词make, let, have；
I will have the students write a passage about Internet. Let me hear you play the piano.
如果上述结构变为被动语态后,则不能省略to。 He was seen to go upstairs.
◆不定式作定语
不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。
I have a lot of study to do as well, especially after I have been sick for a while.
If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids, it would be this:…
They were the first to come to China.
注意 :如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。
They have a lot of things to talk about.（talk是不及物动词，必须加上介词about）
He is looking for a room to live in.（live是不及物动词，room是不定式live这一动作的地点，也必须加上in，否则to live the room是不成立的 ）
There is nothing to worry about.
◆不定式作状语
①表目的
做目的状语，常用的结构： to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc.
I came earlier specially to find a seat in the front.
②表原因
不定式可以在glad，happy, sorry之类表达感情的形容词后面来修饰该形容词表示“因为……而……”的意思。
I am sorry to trouble you. I am happy to have found many things I can do.
③做结果状语
常与副词only , enough 或too连用。
I have had to work hard to live a normal life, but it has been worth it.
Sometimes, I am too weak to go to school.
◆.独立结构
to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth, to begin with等。
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
◆与疑问词等连用
不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)
◆不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me I’d like to.
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher I’d like to be.
练习
( )1.She pretended ______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
( )2. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
( )3. It seems that he has no pen ______.
A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
( )4. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have make D. having make
( )5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
( )6.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
( )7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports star.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
( )8. --- Why so serious, dear
--- Nothing. I’m just thinking about the problem _____ tomorrow.
A. discussed B. will be discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussed
( )9. ---Is Bob still performing
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official.
A.to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
( )10. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
( )11. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
( )12. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
( )13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not to ride D. do not to
( )14. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.
A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking
( )15. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled
( )16. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.
1. I’m afraid it’ll be very hard for you __________ this story for children.
2. After __________(think) everything over, she decided ___________(not resign) her post.
3. You’d better ________( not get) annoyed at this ignorance.
4. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems _____________(go) on smoothly.
5. It might be better _______(try) _________(discuss) in his language as he isn’t used to ________(speak) in English yet.
6. If you couldn’t get anything _________(open) the beer bottle with, why not ________(try) __________(open) it with your teeth
7. He ran all they way to the station only ________(find) the train had left.
8. ---Did he manage __________(carry) the truck upstairs
---No, he didn’t. He isn’t strong enough even _________ (move) it.
9. She remembered __________(pass) on most of the information, but she forgot ____________(mention) one or two of the most important facts.
10. His attempt __________(solve) the problem failed again.
11. The enemy was reported ____________(run) away two days before.
12. All I am trying to do is ___________(clear) all the rubbish here.
13. In the library I noticed Diana __________(talk) for a moment with David.
ⅤTranslate the following sentences.
1． 学好一门外语对我们将来的工作很重要。
2． 务必记住在交朋友时彼此理解尤为重要。
3． 近来李老师很忙，他要在20日之前写完他的报告。
4． 李华比以前都用功，因为他想赶上他的同学。
5． 禁止随地扔垃圾，吐痰和抽烟。
PAGE
4
◆动词不定式（to do）是一种非谓语形式，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中，除了不能作谓语之外，可以充当其它任何一种成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补和状语。
◆结构
①一般式to do. 表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
I plan to listen to music this afternoon.
②完成式to have done.表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
③被动式to be done.
Nobody likes to be laughed at.
④否定式 not to do， 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
◆不定式做主语
不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
To finish this report took him a week. To see is to believe.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it is difficult to know what the future will be like.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词( important, difficult, inconvenient,foolish, kind...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is important for us young people to learn English .
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, one's duty, an honor, a shame, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a pity to have to go without her.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
◆不定式作表语
不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
My job is to help the poor person.
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
◆不定式作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, like（喜欢）, wish（希望）, hate（讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,continue（继续），manage（设法）, try（尽力）, offer（提供）, start（开始）, begin（开始）, forget（忘记）, remember（记得）, promise（答应）, mean（打算）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, learn（学会）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）,demand(需要，要求)等。
I have learned to adapt to my disability. The workers demanded to get better pay.
不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中: 主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：
believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
◆不定式作宾语补足语
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：help , wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, advise, tell , ask ，allow（允许）, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）,（建议）,encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）等。
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式省略to.
感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel,listen to ,observe；使役动词make, let, have；
I will have the students write a passage about Internet. Let me hear you play the piano.
如果上述结构变为被动语态后,则不能省略to。 He was seen to go upstairs.
◆不定式作定语
不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。
I have a lot of study to do as well, especially after I have been sick for a while.
If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids, it would be this:…
They were the first to come to China.
注意 :如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。
They have a lot of things to talk about.（talk是不及物动词，必须加上介词about）
He is looking for a room to live in.（live是不及物动词，room是不定式live这一动作的地点，也必须加上in，否则to live the room是不成立的 ）
There is nothing to worry about.
◆不定式作状语
①表目的
做目的状语，常用的结构： to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc.
I came earlier specially to find a seat in the front.
②表原因
不定式可以在glad，happy, sorry之类表达感情的形容词后面来修饰该形容词表示“因为……而……”的意思。
I am sorry to trouble you. I am happy to have found many things I can do.
③做结果状语
常与副词only , enough 或too连用。
I have had to work hard to live a normal life, but it has been worth it.
Sometimes, I am too weak to go to school.
◆.独立结构
to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth, to begin with等。
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
◆与疑问词等连用
不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)
◆不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me I’d like to.
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher I’d like to be.
练习
( )1.She pretended ______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
( )2. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
( )3. It seems that he has no pen ______.
A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
( )4. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have make D. having make
( )5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
( )6.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
( )7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports star.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
( )8. --- Why so serious, dear
--- Nothing. I’m just thinking about the problem _____ tomorrow.
A. discussed B. will be discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussed
( )9. ---Is Bob still performing
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official.
A.to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
( )10. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
( )11. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
( )12. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
( )13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not to ride D. do not to
( )14. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.
A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking
( )15. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled
( )16. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.
1. I’m afraid it’ll be very hard for you __________ this story for children.
2. After __________(think) everything over, she decided ___________(not resign) her post.
3. You’d better ________( not get) annoyed at this ignorance.
4. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems _____________(go) on smoothly.
5. It might be better _______(try) _________(discuss) in his language as he isn’t used to ________(speak) in English yet.
6. If you couldn’t get anything _________(open) the beer bottle with, why not ________(try) __________(open) it with your teeth
7. He ran all they way to the station only ________(find) the train had left.
8. ---Did he manage __________(carry) the truck upstairs
---No, he didn’t. He isn’t strong enough even _________ (move) it.
9. She remembered __________(pass) on most of the information, but she forgot ____________(mention) one or two of the most important facts.
10. His attempt __________(solve) the problem failed again.
11. The enemy was reported ____________(run) away two days before.
12. All I am trying to do is ___________(clear) all the rubbish here.
13. In the library I noticed Diana __________(talk) for a moment with David.
ⅤTranslate the following sentences.
1． 学好一门外语对我们将来的工作很重要。
2． 务必记住在交朋友时彼此理解尤为重要。
3． 近来李老师很忙，他要在20日之前写完他的报告。
4． 李华比以前都用功，因为他想赶上他的同学。
5． 禁止随地扔垃圾，吐痰和抽烟。
PAGE
4