Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars基础测试

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
一、基础测试
A. 单词拼写
请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式
1. What would happen if there were no __________ (大气层).
2. A bomb was _________ (爆炸) at a gas station this morning and five persons were killed.
3. The government is encouraging the ____________ (发展) of small businesses.
4. Fruit juices can be ________ (有害) to children’s teeth.
5. Because of the ________ (到场) of the famous football star, everyone cheered up.
6. Without o________ animals can’t live.
7. The disease is s__________ quickly, so we must do what we can to stop it.
8. They were d___________ at the result of the game, so they looked unhappy.
9. I didn’t want to tell him the secret but he f_______ me to do so.
10. At first she didn’t like English but g__________ she is interested in it.
B. 句型转换
根据A句句义，完成B 句,使句义相同或相近。
11. A: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets which go round the sun.
B: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets _____ ______the sun.
12. A: They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen.
B: They multiplied and the first oceans and seas were _______ _______oxygen.
13. A: Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
B: Others, ________ ________called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
14. A: Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space.
B: Last month I was ______ ________ that I had a chance to make a trip into space.
15. A: We visited the moon in our spaceship.
B: We visited the moon _______ ________.
C. 完成句子
16. You will understand my kindness _______ _______ (最终).
17. What he said was quite ________ _________ _______ ________ ________ (与他做的不一样).
18. You are not allowed _______ ________ ________ ________ (在这里踢足球).
19. The boy is _______ the hole ________ ________ (正往洞里灌沙子).
20. When the war ______ ______ (爆发), he was working in the navy.
二、单项填空
21. This painting is splendid, but ________ we actually need it is a different matter.
A. that　　　　　B. what
C. whether　　　 D. how
22. you like it or not, you'll have to give up smoking.
A. If B. Whether
C. How D. Why
23. They don’t allow ______ here. That is to say, we are not allowed _____ here.
A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smoking
C. to smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smoke
24. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received _________Christmas.
A. after B. in time
C. in time for D. in no time
25. The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what
C. from what D. from which
26. All made possible for China to succeed in carrying on its reforms and open-door policy.
A. what happened; it B. what happened; that
C. that happened; it D. that happened; that
27. _______ what you said, he got very angry.
A. Because B. Because of
C. Since D. For
28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ________ and to drink less beer and wine.
A. not to smoke B. don’t smoke
C. not smoke D. not smoking
29. The teacher as well as a number of students ______ to attend the party yesterday.
A. were asked B. was asked
C. were asking D. was asking
30. We need to improve the of our new range of products.
A. look B. expression
C. appearance D. outlook
31. Unless you ___________ nature, you are sure to be punished by nature.
A. go against B. go across
C. go by D. go over
32. Some policemen were sent there to ___________ the villagers ___________ down the trees.
A. keep; cutting B. prevent; cutting
C. prevent; to cut D. stop; to cut
33. I don’t believe that older people are always wiser. It _______ the person and what kind of experiences he or she has had.
A. requires of B. results from
C. depends on D. belongs to
34. It’s no use trying to solve problems ________. Talks are the only solution.
A. by the way of war B. by force
C. by communication D. by means
35. _______ she is out of a job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.? A. Now that????? ? B. Even though
C. No matter how????D. Except that
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。
When we were children, our grandfathers told us the river was called the Pool that Forgets because when anything falls into it, the pool forgets to send it to the 36 again. One time when we were no longer children and not yet man, we seized a hunting dog and took her to the Pool that Forgets. We 37 her into the pool, and we all 38 to see her come up. We waited from morning till evening but 39 never came up. We knew that the 40 had forgotten her.
But this particular day when we were 41 from the raid （袭击）, everyone had taken a trophy (猎获品) 42 my brother. Maybe that was why he was talking when we were whispering and why he 43 to sound as though he had no 44 . My brother was forced to walk behind us. That is — the position of honour and dishonour. As an honour, the 45 men are placed there to 46 us when we return, but sometimes those who have not shown the strength are placed there to be laughed at for 47 . I think my brother 48 this, because as we reached the pool, he ran 49 us. He stopped at the 50 to the gray rock above the pool and stood there with 51 trying to look stronger than he was.
“Heroes of the Only World!” he shouted, “Watch me. I am not 52 the Pool that Forgets.”
And with those words, he dived and 53 into the pool and we saw nothing more. We stared over edge of the 54 . Our eyes staring into the circle of terror (恐惧) produced by 55 .
36. A. surface B. bottom C. bank D. edge
37. A. put B. sent C. brought D. threw
38. A. decided B. waited C. promised D. agreed
39. A. he B. it C. she D. they
40. A. dog B. pool C. children D. me
41. A. setting out B. starting off C. moving on D. returning
42. A. besides B. including C. except D. more than
43. A. tried B. hoped C. learned D. stopped
44. A. worry B. fear C. courage D. wish
45. A. strongest B. weakest C. cleverest D. luckiest
46. A. save B. support C. satisfy D. protect
47. A. poverty B. mistake C. weakness D. carelessness
48. A. understood B. apologized C. guessed D. accepted
49. A. behind B. among C. before D. ahead of
50. A. surface B. edge C. top D. bottom
51. A. a simple B. anger C. pride D. pleasure
52. A. afraid of B. fond of C. proud of D. surprised at
53. A. dropped B. swam C. buried D. disappeared
54. A. pool B. rock C. my brother D. word
55. A. the bunting dog B. my brother
C. the Pool that Forgets D. our grandfathers
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项
A
Memory, they say, is a matter of practice and exercise. If you have the wish and really made a conscious（自觉的）effort, then you can quite easily improve your ability to remember things. But even if you are successful, there are times when your memory seems to play tricks on you.
Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen. One morning last week, for example, I got up and found that I had left the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember locking it carefully the night before.
Memory “trick” work the other way as well. Once in a while you remember not doing something, and then find out that you did. One day last month, for example, I was sitting in a barber（理发师）shop waiting for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I realized that I had got a haircut two days before at the barber shop across the street from my office.
We always seem to find something funny and amusing（有趣的）in incidents caused by people’s forgetfulness or absent-mindedness. Stories about absent-minded professors have been told for years, and we never got tired of hearing new ones. Unfortunately, however, absent-mindedness is not always funny. There are times when “trick” of our memory can cause us great trouble.
56. If you want to have a good memory, .
A. you should force yourself to remember things
B. you should make a conscious effort of practice and exercise
C. you should never stop learning
D. you should try hard to remember tings
57. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. One night the writer forgot to lock the front door.
B. One night the writer forgot having locked the front door.
C. The writer remembered to lock the door.
D. the writer remembered unlocking the front door.
58. From the sentence “We never get tired of hearing new ones”, we can infer that .
A. we enjoy hearing new stories about absent-mindedness of professors
B. we don’t want to know anything more about absent-mindedness of professors
C. we will never get tired of listening to new stories about absent-mindedness
D. absent-mindedness happens not only to professors but to many other people
59. In the passage, the writer seems to tell you .
A. forgetting things is serious and dangerous
B. always forgetting things is understandable
C. forgetting things at times is natural
D. the way to protect yourself from memory “tricks”
60. The best title for this passage is .
A. How to Get a Good Memory
B. “Tricks” Of Memory
C. Forgetfulness and Absent-mindedness is Dangerous
D. Get Rid of Absent-mindedness
B
Everybody has one of those days when everything goes wrong. This is what happened to Harry.
He got up one morning very late because he had forgotten to wind up his alarm clock（闹钟）. He tried to shave（刮脸）quickly and cut himself. When he got dressed he got blood all over his clean shirt, so he had to find another one. The only other shirt that was clean needed ironing（熨）, so he ironed it. While he was ironing it, there was a knock at the door. It was the man to read the electricity meter（表）. He showed him where the meter was, said good-bye and found that the iron had burnt a hole in his shirt. So he had to wear the one with the blood on it after all. By this time it was very late, so he decided he couldn’t go to work by bus. He telephoned for a taxi to take him to work. The taxi arrived and Harry got in and began to read the newspaper.
In another part of the town, a man had killed a woman with a knife and was seen to run away in a taxi. When Harry’s taxi stopped outside his office, a policeman happened to be standing there. He saw the blood on Harry’s shirt, and took him to the police station. He was kept till 3 o’clock in the afternoon before the police were sure that he was not the man they wanted. When he finally arrived at the office at about four, his boss took a look at him and told him to go away and find another job.
61. Harry had .
A. a lucky day B. an unlucky day
C. a busy day D. a good day
62. Put the following sentences into correct order according to the passage.
a. The man who read the electricity meter came.
b. Harry ironed his shirt.
c. Harry got blood all over his clean shirt.
d. There was a knock at the door.
e. Harry wore the shirt with blood on it.
A. a, b, c, d, e B. b, a, d, c, e
C. b, a, c, d, e D. c, b, d, a, e
63. Why did Harry wear the shirt with blood on it?
A. He had only one shirt.
B. The only other needed ironing.
C. The iron had burnt a hole in his clean shirt.
D. He cut himself and got blood all over his shirt.
64. Harry was taken to the police station because .
A. his taxi stopped outside his office and a policeman happened to be there
B. there was blood on his shirt and he was in a taxi
C. a man killed a woman with a knife
D. the murderer(杀人犯) was seen to run a away in a taxi
65. His boss told him to go away and find another job because .
A. he had been kept by the police
B. there was blood on his shirt
C. he was late for work
D. he had killed a woman
C
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives（添加剂）caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings（包装）of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar tings are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.
66. According to this passage, we can know .
A. perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B. perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C. cancer was discovered in 1945
D. science has made food unfit to eat
67. Things that are used to keep colours in meats are .
A. harmful B. useless C. helpless D. dangerous
68. All the additives .
A. are bright and colourless
B. are not bright and colourful
C. have indirect effects on our health
D. have direct effects on our health
69. People use additives .
A. to make food more unfit to eat
B. to improve the colour and taste of the food
C. to change colour of the food
D. to take off the diseases of the food
70. Which of the following is not true?
A. Some wrappings of food are harmful.
B. Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals.
C. “The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”.
D. We needn’t take care of what we eat.
D
At first, the earth’s surface layer（层）was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks. Then slowly, there rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally stones, pebble（卵石）and grains of sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remains mixed up with the stones, pebbles and formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil.
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. These leave holes and crack（裂缝）in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.
The moving water of streams and rivers also help to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with it small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones. Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are suddenly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil. Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider, and finally break into smaller pieces.
71. According to the passage, soil .
A. forms very slowly
B. is a mixture of stones, pebbles and sand
C. make up the layers of the earth
D. is becoming smaller and smaller
72. How many factors are mentioned in helping the forming of soil?
A. Three. B. Four.
C. Five. D. More than five.
73. Which of the following speeds up the breaks of rocks most?
A. Hot weather. B. Cold water.
C. Sharp changes in temperature.
D. More dead plants in the cracks.
74. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The remains of many plants of animals formed soil.
B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.
C. Even if a large rock never moves, it will break up.
D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks
75. The best title for this passage should be .
A. Soil from Rocks
B. Ways to Break up Rocks
C. Soil on the Earth
D. Soil, Outmost Layer of the Earth
E
Do you know that you can use your watch as compass（指南针）on a sunny day? Look at the watch which is on your hand and point the hour hand in the direction of the sun. Imagine a line which runs from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one. This line will point south.
In the northern half of the earth the sun is in the south at noon. In our country the real noon is one o’clock. If at that time we point the hour hand at the sun, the hour hand and number one will point south. That’s why you must imagine a line which will run from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one. It will point south.
If you are in the southern part of our planet, you must point number 12 at the sun. The line which you can imagine between number twelve and the hour hand will then show north.
76. The sun is in the south at noon .
A. in any country in the world
B. in the north of the equator
C. in the south of the globe
D. in some northern places of the earth
77. In the northern half of the earth, if we point the hour hand at the sun at one o’clock then .
A. the minute hand shows north
B. the hour hand shows north
C. number one shows north
D. number twelve shows north
78. If the people in the southern part of the earth point 12 at the sun at 5 o’clock, the minute hand shows .
A. west by north
B. north by west
C. north by east
D. east by north
79. What do you think of the story?
A. It’s interesting. But sometimes it doesn’t work.
B. It’s impossible. I don’t like it.
C. It’s useful. But it isn’t interesting.
D. It’s great. But it isn’t helpful.
五、书面表达
请写一篇短文，阐述水在人们生活及工业中的重要性。
1、没有水，人与动物怎么办？
2、缺水问题越来越严重。原因是人口增长；工、农业发展；污染。
3、应采取措施，解决缺水问题；充分利用；避免污染；净化雨水或海水。
词数：100左右
生词：净化purify；缺水water shortage；污染pollute；采取措施take measures







参考答案及重点解析
一、基础测试
A. 单词拼写
1. atmosphere 2. exploded 3. development 4. harmful 5. presence 6. oxygen 7. spreading 8.disappointed 9. forced 10. gradually
B. 句型转换
11. going round 12. filled with 13. which were 14. so lucky 15. by spaceship
C. 完成句子
16. in time 17. different from what he did 18. to play football here 19. filling, with sand 20. broke out
二、单项填空
21—25 CBDCC 26—30 CBABC 31—35 CBCBA
重点解析：
21. 选择名词性从句的连接词要从一下两点入手：1)连接词是否有词义；2)连接词是否在从句中担当句子成分。题干中的主语从句中，主语、谓语和宾语齐全，故排除B项；从句意来看，不需要方式状语，排除D项；从句意来看，该连接词表示“是否”的意思，故选C项。
22. whether引导让步状语从句。
23. allow后接动名词作宾语；接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
24. in time (最终；及时)和in no time (立刻；马上)后不可接名词；after不符合句意和逻辑；in time for sth /to do sth的意思是“来得及；几时”：Will we be in time for the six o’clock train?我们来得及赶上六点的那趟火车吗？
25. 依据短语be different from排除A、B项；宾语从句中需要表示“…的”的连接词，故选C。
26. all应该接that引导的定语从句，排除A、B项；依据 “make + it +adj. /n.+ to do sth / that-clause”确定答案为C。句意为：所有发生的这一切使中国能够继续贯彻改革开放的政策。
28. 此句用了encourage sb to do结构，且有三个并列的动词不定式短语：to eat …, not to smoke, to drink …。句意是：要鼓励人们吃保健食品，不要吸烟，要少喝啤酒与白酒。
29. 从句意可知，该句应该用被动语态，排除C、D项； A as well as B; A together B; A besides B; A rather than B; A including B等结构后所跟的谓语动词在人称和数上应与A保持一致。故选B。
30. 句意为：我们需要提高新产品的外包装。
31. 此题A项干扰性较强，如果用go against，必须将unless换成if。go against意为“违反”；go by sth意为“遵循（或依照）某事物”、“以某事物来判断”。正确答案为C。unless you go by nature =if you don’t go by nature。
33. 全句意思为：我并不相信年龄大的人总是英明的，这取决于人以及他或她的经历。
34. way之前用介词in表示“用…方法”，排除A项；如果选用C项，句意与后一句不一致；故选B，　by force意为：通过武力；强行。
三、完形填空
36—40 ADBCB 41—45 DCABA 46—50 DCADB 51—55 CADBC
重点解析：
36. 指水面。
38. 从结构和意义上看都应选此答案。
39. she和her人称一致。
41. 从后文看他们在返回的途中。
42. 从后面他的表现看，他没有猎取到任何东西。
44. 弟弟竭力装出有胆量的样子。
45. 最强壮的人在后面以防后面有野兽袭击。
49. 弟弟理解这一点，把他放在后面是因为嘲笑他，所以他突然跑到前面。
51. with pride意为“自豪”的。
四、阅读理解
56—60 BADCB 61—65 BDCBC 66—70 AACBD 71—75 ACCBA 76—79 BBAA
重点解析：
56. 根据第一节前两句我们知道记忆能力的培养是一个有意识的练习过程。
57.本题是一个直接题，依据在第二节Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen.。
59. 全文中没有对遗忘现象提出很多的责怪，即认为是自然的现象。
61.根据故事第一句话可选准答案。根据全文可进一步证实答案的准确性。
62.本题考查细节理解及思维的顺序性，须按动作发生的先后排列。
63.答案依据为第二段倒数第四、五句。
64. 一男人持刀杀人后乘出租车逃跑，恰巧Harry乘坐出租车且衬衣上有血迹，警察自然怀疑其为凶手。
65. Harry从警察局出来时，已弄清他不是凶手，故可排除D。按常识，老板解雇他是因为他上班迟到。
66. 文章第一段提到“… eighty percent of human illness is related to food…”.
67. 文章第一段最后一句。
68. 文中提到 “The additives which we eat are not all so direct.”
71. 从文章前一段内容知土壤的形成是很慢的。
73从文章最后一段内容可知，温度的急剧变化加速了岩石的粉碎。
76. 句意理解题。根据In the northern half of the earth. The sun is in the south at noon,可得出该题的答案为B。
77. 该题为地理方位辨别题。理解文中时针在不同半球，不同时间所指方向汪同，就可正确选出B为该题答案。
五、书面表达　
One possible version,
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without water. Water is very important to all living things. There would be no life without water.
Water shortage has become a serious problem. One reason for this is that the growing population and the development of industry and agriculture need much more water. Another is that water is being wasted in some areas.
Therefore, measures must be taken to solve this problem. First of all, we must make good use of water and avoid polluting it. In addition, we can get useful water through purifying rain water or sea water.