高考复习专项之语音复习
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文档简介
公主岭实验中学2009届
高三英语总复习高考题型专项训练
英语语音知识
制作人：齐万年
一、音标：
1、字母：词的书写形式，元音字母 a e i o u. 音标：词的语音形式.
2、音素：语音的最小单位。
3、音标：标记音素的符号。如：Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国)
教材采用国际音标：用 / / 或 [ ] 表示，与字母区别开来。
4、国际音标分类：
(48个)音标
5、元音的分类：
I
I I I I
6、辅音的分类：
发音方法是否振动 爆破音 摩 擦 音 鼻 音 舌边音 破擦音
清辅音(不)
浊辅音(振)
7、拼读方法:
辅音 元音 即：元音和前面的辅音相拼，其它依次读出
二、音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, under'stand：
1、划分：音节的核心是元音，有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节的词叫多音节词。
2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节 ，并用 标记，单音节词只有一个音节，本身就重读，不用标记 。
如： I I
3、成音节：(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音，但也是一个音节，成音节属于非重读音节。
4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节，有一个音节重读，一个音节次重读，分别用 和 来标记。
如：
5、开音节：a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone
b) 辅+元 he, go, hi
在开音节中，元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。
6、闭音节：a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;
b)元+辅 it us
在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。
三：拼读规则：
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 开音节读音 例 词 闭音节读音 例 词
a [ei] name plane Jane baby cake [ ] angle bag dad hat map black back
e [i:] he these me Chinese [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i(y) [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite by sky [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o [Зu] those close go hoe home no [o] clock not box shop sock
u [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday [ ] bus cup jump much lunch
在重读开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音 June blue ruler super
五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种，在开音节中发长音（长元音和双元音），在闭音节中发短音（短元音）。
元音字母开音节规则，有些常用词汇例外，如have[h v, hЗv,]，give[ɡiv]，live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [З] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [i] chicken pocket begin children
[З] hundred student open moment
i(y) [i ]/ [З] holiday beautiful family baby
[ai] exercise satellite occupy
o [З] second tonight somebody welcome
[Зu] also zero photo
u [З] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音 operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u:]音 July influence February issue true blue
处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读[З]或不发音 Even seven open level civil problem
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作[З]音，也可以读作[i]音。
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [o] want what watch wash quality watt
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd –ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st –ld前 [Зu] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [ ] come monkey love mother
4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharpener
ar在[w]音后面 [o:] warm quarter towards
or [o:] forty morning short
or在[w]音后面 [З:] word worker worse
er ir ur [З:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。[ ] [e] [i] [o] [ ] Carry berry mirror sorry hurry
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[З]音 dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
注：双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母，通常按闭音节发音。例如：supper hammer
5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [eЗ] care dare hare various
ere [iЗ] here mere
[ З] there where
ire [aiЗ] fire hire wire
ore [o:] more score before
ure [juЗ] pure cure
重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。 Parent zero inspiring story during
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音 ( http: / / www.:81 / 00 / vowels.php" \o "什么叫长音？ )短化现象。 Orange very American paragraph forest spirit
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[З]音 picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[Зr]音 salary
6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 ( http: / / www.:81 / 00 / yyzh.php" \o "什么叫元音字组？ ) 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain train wait day play may
air [ З] air hair chair pair repair
alal 在 f m 前 [o:] small ball talk wall all
[o:l] always also salt almost
[ɑ:] half calm
au/aw /aur [o:] autumn daughter draw dinosaur
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iЗ] hear dear near clear year
[ З] bear pear wear swear
[З:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iЗ] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey/eigh [ei] eight neighbour they
eir [ З]/[iЗ] their heir weird
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize
oa [Зu] coat Joan boat goal
igh [ai] light fight might tight nightsight
oar/oor [o:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [oi] noise point boy toilet
ol [Зu] control volt jolt
oo [u:] broom food tooth school too
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] house count about down flower
[Зu] though know row throw low
[ ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup through
oul [u] would should could
our [o:] course your four
[auЗ] our hour ours
[З:] journey
uiui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] annuity continuity
[u:] juice fruit suit
注：不常用的元音字组: eo: peony [piЗni] （people 一词中的o不发音，e 处于绝对开音节位置。）leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey [ei] Sunday foreign monkey
-cia, -tia, -sia, cie [ З] social martial Russia
ow [Зu] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中 [ei ]音或[З]音 neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion –tion [ Зn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [ Зn] vision decision occasion
-stion [st Зn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen christen
-stle [sl] whistle jostle castle
-ssure [ З] pressure
-sure在元音字母后 [ З] pleasure measure
-ture [t З] picture culture
元音＋辅音＋e结尾的动词中(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute) 开音节规则读音[eit], [aiz], [ju:t] Radiate eliminate modernize organize contribute institute
元音a＋辅音＋e出现在名词或形容词中，a读音 [i:] comrade village accurate
8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音
注：元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。
元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。
读 音 例 词
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 everyday[ei] handbag[＇h ndb ɡ] blackboard[bl kbo:d]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday 星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday 假日cup茶杯+board木板[o:]＞cupboard[З] 碗柜main主要部分+land陆地[ ]＞mainland[З] 大陆
9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
b在m后 [/]不发音 bomb tomb lamb climb
c [k] cake picture coat music
c在e, i, y前 [s] face decide cinema cyst
h [h] he hair
ch [t ] much chick rich teacher
ch [k] school headache chemistry
ch [ ] machine Chicago
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [ ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
ds [dz] hands
f [f] five four breakfast
g [ɡ] bag gardon go
g在e, i, y前 [ ] orange large German
-gh [f] cough enough rough
gh- [ɡ] sorghum spaghetti ghost
gu- -gue [ɡ] guess league dialogue guitar
gu- -gue [ɡw] language anguish penguin
h [h] hot head house hand
h [/] hour honest honor
j [ ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come tomato
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n [n] not shine ten note
-ng在词尾 [η] morning young wrong long
ng在词的中间 [ηɡ] English finger longer hungry
n k [ηk] thank
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter
r在元音字母前 [r] red rubber ruler rare
s在音节开头或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
s在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband
s在元音字母和不发音的e之间 动词中读[z]名词/形容词中读[s] close use losecase close use precise purpose
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland
sc- [s] muscle science
sh [ ] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
t在弱读字母ia ie io前 [ ] patient nation
tch [t ] watch catch match
th在通常情况下 [θ] thin thirty method three
th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/副词中 [ ] the these with than
th在词尾-the -ther中 [ З] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
ts/tes [ts] students
v [v] very voice love leave
w在元音字母前 [w] week win wake sweet wait
w [/] answer two wait
wh [w] what when white why
-wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole
x [ks] box text exercise
x在重读元音前 [ɡz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write wrong wrist
y-在元音字母前用作辅音 [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
注：在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母：b，p，d，t，v，z，k，j；在单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母：m，n，l，f，s，x。
注意：拼读单词要注意的几点：
1、浊化： school
2、连读： ⌒ ⌒ ⌒
not at all, half an hour
3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 )： sit down good job
4、同化：Would you like it Can't you see it
四、 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [ ] [ ] bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England
2) [i:] [ ] greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say
3) [ ] [ ] Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug臭虫,程序缺陷
4) [au] [ ] [ ] count-can't down-done
5) [au] [ ] found-fond喜爱的, 溺爱的
6) [ ] [ ] [ ] sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught
五、容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w] vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine葡萄酒, 酒; very well
2) [s] [ ] sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math
3) [z] [ ] closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ;
4) [n] [ ] thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang
5) [r] [ ] room zoom 缩放;
6) [n] [l] night light , not lot, no low
六、重音和语调
1、重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。如：letter, sorry
b)有前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。如：a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, res'pect com'pare, in'form通知, dis'cuss, mis'take, pre'pare, em'ploy雇用, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, trans'late
c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。
'out'side, 'in'side, 'well-'known, 'un'like, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 're'tell, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'family, e'conomy经济, oppor'tunity,
b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。
emp o'yee,雇员, engi'neer工程师, ciga'rette香烟, Japa'nese, K.K
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻） 或 重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B) 读英语句子时间的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定，而不是汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定。
C) 实词重读，虚词轻读 (冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.）
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a)实词第二次出现： He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰： I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词： Which book do you want The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how：What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中： Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中： this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时：
Do you like it Yes, I do.
Are you a doctor Yes, I am.
Can you help me Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时：
They may come this evening. Can it be five already
c) 介词在句首和句尾： In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。
The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义）
2、语调 1) 升调：一般疑问句。↗
2) 降调：陈述句，特殊疑问句,祈使句，感叹句。↙
3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调↑，最后一项用降调降↙。
【专题训练与高考预测】
【1】语音试题：从A.B.C.D.四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
1.spare A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard
2.navy A neighbor B. nationality C .relative D. valley
3.unit A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D .sure
4.gentle A. organise B. bargain C .regular D .charge
5.journey A. merchant B. courtyard C energy D serious
6.rush A.dull B. butcher C. sugar D push
7 foot A.flood B food C wool D.blood
8.silence A.weight B.ceiling C.bargain D. height
9.occur A.ocean B.opposite C.official D.offer
10.B limited A.advanced B.decided C.worked D.prefused
11.advice A.absence B.account C.pattern D.patience
12.Sunday A.stay B.everyday C.holiday D.delay
13.classes A.watches B.names C.hopes D.techniques
14.Wednesday A.doubt B.husband C.glad D.handkerchief
15.hour A.tour B.pure C.cruel D.flour
16.chalk A.talk B.false C.altogether D.salt
17.prove A.stone B.route C.stove D.hook
18.anxious A.branch B.conclusion C.dangerous D.tongue
19.breathe A.health B.deaf C.increase D.pleasure
20.achieve A.research B.chemistry C.technique D.stomach
21.silver A.silent B.pretty C.tiny D.reject
22.motor A.opposite B.ocean C.oppress D.object
23.theory A.diary B.pioneer C.therefore D.really
24.oxygen A.geography B.degree C.recognise D.sugar
25.canal A.important B.liberation C.majority D.national
26.medicine A.except B.record C.increase D.physics
27.longer A .London B.prove C.lock D.lonely
28.admire A.quiet B.stare C.spear D.figure
29.Christmas A.speech B.stomach C charge D.church
30.advanced A.task B.fortunate C.entrance D.salute
31.courage A.south B.wound C youth D country
32.contain A.captain B mountain C.paint D.Britain
33.refer A. fisherman B. research C.disappear D. recorder
34.library A. language B. material C. operate D. labour
35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example
36.special A.shallow B.officer C.choke D.trousers
37.mathematics A.recycle B.respect C.message D.package
38.shoulder A.louder B.pronounce C.lonely D.Europe
39.increase A.desert B.design C.wise D promise
40.parent A.spear B.wear C.carry D.patient
41.month A government B. common C. along D monument
42.cough A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour
43 ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath
44.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native
45.salt A.chalk B calm C.almost D half
46.news A.research B. newspaper Christmas Thursday
47.depend A.envelope B.elect C.recent D.develop
48.solid A.Europe B.robot C.salt D.wander
49.straight A.certainly B.neighbor C.believe D.flight
50.character A.chain B.church C.stomach D.machine
51.parent A.glare B.measure C.failure D.capital
52.Christmas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon
53.spy A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty
54 none A.other B.consider C.propose D.purpose
55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump
56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes
57 these A chemistry B.silent C necklace D.complete
58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond
59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather
60 silver A. exhibit B.tiny C.delight D.island
61.perfect A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service
62.civil A. Swiss B. different C.pencil D.driver
63 medicine A.directly B. pronunciation C.cooker D.couple
64.month A.bath B.smooth C.clothing D bathe
65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly D.town
66 handsome A Wednesday B.debt C.deadly D. forehead
67 course A soul B. resource C.country D.count
68 any A.many B.what C.grade D maybe
69 suggest A.guess B.suppose C supper D.butter
70 salt A.walk B talk C calm D also
【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。
1.junk ______2.invitation_______3.food _______ 4.occasion ______
5.stomach ______6.scary______7 fever_____ 8 explanation _____
9 examnine______10.recognise ____11energy ____12.debt______ 13 fuel_____
14 precious _____ 15 diet _____16 author_____17 protein _____
18 application _____19.dairy _____20 charge ___21function ____ 22 prove_____
23 digest ____ 24 doubt _____ 25 stir _____26 view ___27 theme _____
28 conclusion ______29 holy _____30 inspire ____31 conflict _____
32 threaten ________33 opinion _____34 regret _____35 honor_____
36 extreme_______37 ancestor ______38 pianist _____39 purpose ______
40 surround ______41faith _____42 surface _____43 commercial______
44.surprising _______45 salute ______46 secretary _______
47 protection ______ 48 technique______ 49 method ______50 remove ___
51 chalk __52 accent _____53 typical_____54 appreciate _____55 fortunately____
56 rude ______57 avoid _____58 vary _____59 occur _____60 educate _____
61 injury _____62 achievement _____ 63include _____64 shoulder ____
65 nation ____66 series_____ 67.interview ___ 68 scene _____69 loyal _____
70 ruin____ 71 introduction ___72 scare ____73 majority____ 74 southern_____
75 material ______ 76 south ____77 means___ 78 stare ___79 measure ____
80 suggestion ____81 motto ______82 tongue _____83 movie _____
84 natural _____85 tour _____86 nature _____87 unexpected ____88 naughty ____
89 variety___ 90 normal ____91 whisper ____92 official ____93 wolf ____
94 officer_____95 wonder ____96 perform ____97 portrait ___98 president ___
99 access ____100 ability____101 affair ______102 approach ____
103 architecture _____104 astronomer ____105 atmosphere___
106 bath __107 blanket ___108 blood ___109 board ___110 bury ___111 cheer ____
112 conquer ____113 convenient ____114 county____115 cure ___116 drown ____
117 experiment____118.explanation___ 119exactly___ 120 forecast ____121 foot ___
122 form ___123 furniture __124 ignore ____125 immediately _____126 inform ____
127 loose _____128 pollute _____129 purchase ____130 reform ____
131 reliable _____132 research ____133 retire ____134 route ___135 scientific____ 136 social ____137 source ____138 sweat ____139 theory _____140 threat ___
141 truthfully ____142 urban ____143 violence _____144 within ____
145 wound _____146 absolutely ____147 accept ___148 advance ___
149 ancient ____150 award _____151 athlete ____152 wool ___153 breast ____
154 breath ____155 brief ____156 character____ 157 complete___ 158 course ___
159 cruelty__ 160 deserted __161 desire _____
162 dial____ 163 disaster___ 164 effect___ 165 emergency ___166 emotion ___
167 expression ____ 168 facial_____ 169 fault ____170 fond ____171 further ____
172 handsome ____173 host____ 174 honest ____175 Christmas _____
176 realize____177 employ ___ 178 regular ___179 prefer _____
180 suddenly ___ 181smooth ___ 182 murmur ____183 torn ____
184 general ____ 185 purple _____186 area____
187.allow ____188 certain ____ 189 garage ____190 service ______191.rule ___
192. captain____193 nervous___ 194 thought ____ 195 unfair ___ 196 engaged ___
197 period ____198 cyclist ___199 production ___ 200 phrase ____
同音词: peace-piece our-hour
see-sea-c won-one know-no
father-farther aren't-aunt
易读混淆词：
wake week weak walk work
much match march March
Kate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)
第 1 页
高三英语总复习高考题型专项训练
英语语音知识
制作人：齐万年
一、音标：
1、字母：词的书写形式，元音字母 a e i o u. 音标：词的语音形式.
2、音素：语音的最小单位。
3、音标：标记音素的符号。如：Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国)
教材采用国际音标：用 / / 或 [ ] 表示，与字母区别开来。
4、国际音标分类：
(48个)音标
5、元音的分类：
I
I I I I
6、辅音的分类：
发音方法是否振动 爆破音 摩 擦 音 鼻 音 舌边音 破擦音
清辅音(不)
浊辅音(振)
7、拼读方法:
辅音 元音 即：元音和前面的辅音相拼，其它依次读出
二、音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, under'stand：
1、划分：音节的核心是元音，有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节的词叫多音节词。
2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节 ，并用 标记，单音节词只有一个音节，本身就重读，不用标记 。
如： I I
3、成音节：(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音，但也是一个音节，成音节属于非重读音节。
4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节，有一个音节重读，一个音节次重读，分别用 和 来标记。
如：
5、开音节：a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone
b) 辅+元 he, go, hi
在开音节中，元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。
6、闭音节：a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;
b)元+辅 it us
在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。
三：拼读规则：
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 开音节读音 例 词 闭音节读音 例 词
a [ei] name plane Jane baby cake [ ] angle bag dad hat map black back
e [i:] he these me Chinese [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i(y) [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite by sky [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o [Зu] those close go hoe home no [o] clock not box shop sock
u [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday [ ] bus cup jump much lunch
在重读开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音 June blue ruler super
五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种，在开音节中发长音（长元音和双元音），在闭音节中发短音（短元音）。
元音字母开音节规则，有些常用词汇例外，如have[h v, hЗv,]，give[ɡiv]，live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [З] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [i] chicken pocket begin children
[З] hundred student open moment
i(y) [i ]/ [З] holiday beautiful family baby
[ai] exercise satellite occupy
o [З] second tonight somebody welcome
[Зu] also zero photo
u [З] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音 operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u:]音 July influence February issue true blue
处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读[З]或不发音 Even seven open level civil problem
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作[З]音，也可以读作[i]音。
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [o] want what watch wash quality watt
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd –ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st –ld前 [Зu] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [ ] come monkey love mother
4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharpener
ar在[w]音后面 [o:] warm quarter towards
or [o:] forty morning short
or在[w]音后面 [З:] word worker worse
er ir ur [З:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。[ ] [e] [i] [o] [ ] Carry berry mirror sorry hurry
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[З]音 dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
注：双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母，通常按闭音节发音。例如：supper hammer
5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [eЗ] care dare hare various
ere [iЗ] here mere
[ З] there where
ire [aiЗ] fire hire wire
ore [o:] more score before
ure [juЗ] pure cure
重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。 Parent zero inspiring story during
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音 ( http: / / www.:81 / 00 / vowels.php" \o "什么叫长音？ )短化现象。 Orange very American paragraph forest spirit
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[З]音 picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[Зr]音 salary
6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 ( http: / / www.:81 / 00 / yyzh.php" \o "什么叫元音字组？ ) 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain train wait day play may
air [ З] air hair chair pair repair
alal 在 f m 前 [o:] small ball talk wall all
[o:l] always also salt almost
[ɑ:] half calm
au/aw /aur [o:] autumn daughter draw dinosaur
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iЗ] hear dear near clear year
[ З] bear pear wear swear
[З:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iЗ] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey/eigh [ei] eight neighbour they
eir [ З]/[iЗ] their heir weird
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize
oa [Зu] coat Joan boat goal
igh [ai] light fight might tight nightsight
oar/oor [o:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [oi] noise point boy toilet
ol [Зu] control volt jolt
oo [u:] broom food tooth school too
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] house count about down flower
[Зu] though know row throw low
[ ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup through
oul [u] would should could
our [o:] course your four
[auЗ] our hour ours
[З:] journey
uiui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] annuity continuity
[u:] juice fruit suit
注：不常用的元音字组: eo: peony [piЗni] （people 一词中的o不发音，e 处于绝对开音节位置。）leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey [ei] Sunday foreign monkey
-cia, -tia, -sia, cie [ З] social martial Russia
ow [Зu] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中 [ei ]音或[З]音 neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion –tion [ Зn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [ Зn] vision decision occasion
-stion [st Зn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen christen
-stle [sl] whistle jostle castle
-ssure [ З] pressure
-sure在元音字母后 [ З] pleasure measure
-ture [t З] picture culture
元音＋辅音＋e结尾的动词中(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute) 开音节规则读音[eit], [aiz], [ju:t] Radiate eliminate modernize organize contribute institute
元音a＋辅音＋e出现在名词或形容词中，a读音 [i:] comrade village accurate
8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音
注：元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。
元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。
读 音 例 词
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 everyday[ei] handbag[＇h ndb ɡ] blackboard[bl kbo:d]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday 星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday 假日cup茶杯+board木板[o:]＞cupboard[З] 碗柜main主要部分+land陆地[ ]＞mainland[З] 大陆
9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
b在m后 [/]不发音 bomb tomb lamb climb
c [k] cake picture coat music
c在e, i, y前 [s] face decide cinema cyst
h [h] he hair
ch [t ] much chick rich teacher
ch [k] school headache chemistry
ch [ ] machine Chicago
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [ ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
ds [dz] hands
f [f] five four breakfast
g [ɡ] bag gardon go
g在e, i, y前 [ ] orange large German
-gh [f] cough enough rough
gh- [ɡ] sorghum spaghetti ghost
gu- -gue [ɡ] guess league dialogue guitar
gu- -gue [ɡw] language anguish penguin
h [h] hot head house hand
h [/] hour honest honor
j [ ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come tomato
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n [n] not shine ten note
-ng在词尾 [η] morning young wrong long
ng在词的中间 [ηɡ] English finger longer hungry
n k [ηk] thank
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter
r在元音字母前 [r] red rubber ruler rare
s在音节开头或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
s在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband
s在元音字母和不发音的e之间 动词中读[z]名词/形容词中读[s] close use losecase close use precise purpose
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland
sc- [s] muscle science
sh [ ] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
t在弱读字母ia ie io前 [ ] patient nation
tch [t ] watch catch match
th在通常情况下 [θ] thin thirty method three
th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/副词中 [ ] the these with than
th在词尾-the -ther中 [ З] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
ts/tes [ts] students
v [v] very voice love leave
w在元音字母前 [w] week win wake sweet wait
w [/] answer two wait
wh [w] what when white why
-wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole
x [ks] box text exercise
x在重读元音前 [ɡz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write wrong wrist
y-在元音字母前用作辅音 [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
注：在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母：b，p，d，t，v，z，k，j；在单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母：m，n，l，f，s，x。
注意：拼读单词要注意的几点：
1、浊化： school
2、连读： ⌒ ⌒ ⌒
not at all, half an hour
3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 )： sit down good job
4、同化：Would you like it Can't you see it
四、 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [ ] [ ] bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England
2) [i:] [ ] greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say
3) [ ] [ ] Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug臭虫,程序缺陷
4) [au] [ ] [ ] count-can't down-done
5) [au] [ ] found-fond喜爱的, 溺爱的
6) [ ] [ ] [ ] sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught
五、容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w] vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine葡萄酒, 酒; very well
2) [s] [ ] sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math
3) [z] [ ] closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ;
4) [n] [ ] thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang
5) [r] [ ] room zoom 缩放;
6) [n] [l] night light , not lot, no low
六、重音和语调
1、重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。如：letter, sorry
b)有前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。如：a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, res'pect com'pare, in'form通知, dis'cuss, mis'take, pre'pare, em'ploy雇用, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, trans'late
c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。
'out'side, 'in'side, 'well-'known, 'un'like, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 're'tell, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'family, e'conomy经济, oppor'tunity,
b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。
emp o'yee,雇员, engi'neer工程师, ciga'rette香烟, Japa'nese, K.K
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻） 或 重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B) 读英语句子时间的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定，而不是汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定。
C) 实词重读，虚词轻读 (冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.）
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a)实词第二次出现： He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰： I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词： Which book do you want The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how：What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中： Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中： this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时：
Do you like it Yes, I do.
Are you a doctor Yes, I am.
Can you help me Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时：
They may come this evening. Can it be five already
c) 介词在句首和句尾： In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。
The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义）
2、语调 1) 升调：一般疑问句。↗
2) 降调：陈述句，特殊疑问句,祈使句，感叹句。↙
3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调↑，最后一项用降调降↙。
【专题训练与高考预测】
【1】语音试题：从A.B.C.D.四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
1.spare A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard
2.navy A neighbor B. nationality C .relative D. valley
3.unit A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D .sure
4.gentle A. organise B. bargain C .regular D .charge
5.journey A. merchant B. courtyard C energy D serious
6.rush A.dull B. butcher C. sugar D push
7 foot A.flood B food C wool D.blood
8.silence A.weight B.ceiling C.bargain D. height
9.occur A.ocean B.opposite C.official D.offer
10.B limited A.advanced B.decided C.worked D.prefused
11.advice A.absence B.account C.pattern D.patience
12.Sunday A.stay B.everyday C.holiday D.delay
13.classes A.watches B.names C.hopes D.techniques
14.Wednesday A.doubt B.husband C.glad D.handkerchief
15.hour A.tour B.pure C.cruel D.flour
16.chalk A.talk B.false C.altogether D.salt
17.prove A.stone B.route C.stove D.hook
18.anxious A.branch B.conclusion C.dangerous D.tongue
19.breathe A.health B.deaf C.increase D.pleasure
20.achieve A.research B.chemistry C.technique D.stomach
21.silver A.silent B.pretty C.tiny D.reject
22.motor A.opposite B.ocean C.oppress D.object
23.theory A.diary B.pioneer C.therefore D.really
24.oxygen A.geography B.degree C.recognise D.sugar
25.canal A.important B.liberation C.majority D.national
26.medicine A.except B.record C.increase D.physics
27.longer A .London B.prove C.lock D.lonely
28.admire A.quiet B.stare C.spear D.figure
29.Christmas A.speech B.stomach C charge D.church
30.advanced A.task B.fortunate C.entrance D.salute
31.courage A.south B.wound C youth D country
32.contain A.captain B mountain C.paint D.Britain
33.refer A. fisherman B. research C.disappear D. recorder
34.library A. language B. material C. operate D. labour
35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example
36.special A.shallow B.officer C.choke D.trousers
37.mathematics A.recycle B.respect C.message D.package
38.shoulder A.louder B.pronounce C.lonely D.Europe
39.increase A.desert B.design C.wise D promise
40.parent A.spear B.wear C.carry D.patient
41.month A government B. common C. along D monument
42.cough A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour
43 ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath
44.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native
45.salt A.chalk B calm C.almost D half
46.news A.research B. newspaper Christmas Thursday
47.depend A.envelope B.elect C.recent D.develop
48.solid A.Europe B.robot C.salt D.wander
49.straight A.certainly B.neighbor C.believe D.flight
50.character A.chain B.church C.stomach D.machine
51.parent A.glare B.measure C.failure D.capital
52.Christmas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon
53.spy A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty
54 none A.other B.consider C.propose D.purpose
55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump
56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes
57 these A chemistry B.silent C necklace D.complete
58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond
59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather
60 silver A. exhibit B.tiny C.delight D.island
61.perfect A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service
62.civil A. Swiss B. different C.pencil D.driver
63 medicine A.directly B. pronunciation C.cooker D.couple
64.month A.bath B.smooth C.clothing D bathe
65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly D.town
66 handsome A Wednesday B.debt C.deadly D. forehead
67 course A soul B. resource C.country D.count
68 any A.many B.what C.grade D maybe
69 suggest A.guess B.suppose C supper D.butter
70 salt A.walk B talk C calm D also
【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。
1.junk ______2.invitation_______3.food _______ 4.occasion ______
5.stomach ______6.scary______7 fever_____ 8 explanation _____
9 examnine______10.recognise ____11energy ____12.debt______ 13 fuel_____
14 precious _____ 15 diet _____16 author_____17 protein _____
18 application _____19.dairy _____20 charge ___21function ____ 22 prove_____
23 digest ____ 24 doubt _____ 25 stir _____26 view ___27 theme _____
28 conclusion ______29 holy _____30 inspire ____31 conflict _____
32 threaten ________33 opinion _____34 regret _____35 honor_____
36 extreme_______37 ancestor ______38 pianist _____39 purpose ______
40 surround ______41faith _____42 surface _____43 commercial______
44.surprising _______45 salute ______46 secretary _______
47 protection ______ 48 technique______ 49 method ______50 remove ___
51 chalk __52 accent _____53 typical_____54 appreciate _____55 fortunately____
56 rude ______57 avoid _____58 vary _____59 occur _____60 educate _____
61 injury _____62 achievement _____ 63include _____64 shoulder ____
65 nation ____66 series_____ 67.interview ___ 68 scene _____69 loyal _____
70 ruin____ 71 introduction ___72 scare ____73 majority____ 74 southern_____
75 material ______ 76 south ____77 means___ 78 stare ___79 measure ____
80 suggestion ____81 motto ______82 tongue _____83 movie _____
84 natural _____85 tour _____86 nature _____87 unexpected ____88 naughty ____
89 variety___ 90 normal ____91 whisper ____92 official ____93 wolf ____
94 officer_____95 wonder ____96 perform ____97 portrait ___98 president ___
99 access ____100 ability____101 affair ______102 approach ____
103 architecture _____104 astronomer ____105 atmosphere___
106 bath __107 blanket ___108 blood ___109 board ___110 bury ___111 cheer ____
112 conquer ____113 convenient ____114 county____115 cure ___116 drown ____
117 experiment____118.explanation___ 119exactly___ 120 forecast ____121 foot ___
122 form ___123 furniture __124 ignore ____125 immediately _____126 inform ____
127 loose _____128 pollute _____129 purchase ____130 reform ____
131 reliable _____132 research ____133 retire ____134 route ___135 scientific____ 136 social ____137 source ____138 sweat ____139 theory _____140 threat ___
141 truthfully ____142 urban ____143 violence _____144 within ____
145 wound _____146 absolutely ____147 accept ___148 advance ___
149 ancient ____150 award _____151 athlete ____152 wool ___153 breast ____
154 breath ____155 brief ____156 character____ 157 complete___ 158 course ___
159 cruelty__ 160 deserted __161 desire _____
162 dial____ 163 disaster___ 164 effect___ 165 emergency ___166 emotion ___
167 expression ____ 168 facial_____ 169 fault ____170 fond ____171 further ____
172 handsome ____173 host____ 174 honest ____175 Christmas _____
176 realize____177 employ ___ 178 regular ___179 prefer _____
180 suddenly ___ 181smooth ___ 182 murmur ____183 torn ____
184 general ____ 185 purple _____186 area____
187.allow ____188 certain ____ 189 garage ____190 service ______191.rule ___
192. captain____193 nervous___ 194 thought ____ 195 unfair ___ 196 engaged ___
197 period ____198 cyclist ___199 production ___ 200 phrase ____
同音词: peace-piece our-hour
see-sea-c won-one know-no
father-farther aren't-aunt
易读混淆词：
wake week weak walk work
much match march March
Kate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)
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