新目标英语中考第一轮复习8年级英语上册课本复习(陕西省西安市)

第二部分 新目标英语八年级
第4讲 Book 1 Units 1-3
1. hardly adv. 几乎不;几乎没有
e.g. I hardly know what to do. 我简直不知道做什么好了。
[拓展] hardly是一个否定副词，表示否定意义。它通常位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动
词、情态动词之后，常用来修饰表示能力的词，如can, could, be able to等，表示事实上不可能。句中有hardly就已经表示否定了，不再使用其他否定词。
e.g. It hardly rains here. 这里几乎不下雨。
hardly用在反意疑问句中时，附加问句用肯定形式。例如：
e.g. It hardly rains here, does it 这里几乎不下雨，不是吗？
[辨析] hard 和hardly.
hard 和hardly形式上非常接近，但意义截然不同。
① hard既可作形容词又可作副词。hard作形容词时意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。 hard作副词时意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。
e.g. This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动（hard作形容词）。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力地工作以求得成功。（hard作副词）
② hardly是副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”。 almost和否定词的组合可与 hardly互换。
e.g. There’s hardly any coffee left.=There’s almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
2. time n. 次；次数(可数名词)
e.g. How many times do you watch TV a week 你每周看几次电视？
[拓展] time n. 时间（不可数名词）
e.g. What time is it now 现在几点了？
[辨析] sometimes, some times, sometime和some time
1 sometimes adv. 有时候。表示动作发生的频率，用于现在时态或过去时态。
e.g. He sometimes writes poems. 他有时候写诗。
②some times好几次。表示动作发生的次数。
e.g. He has been to Shanghai some times. 他去过上海好几次了。
③sometime adv.在某时；有朝一日。指将来或过去的一个不确定的时间。
e.g. I’ll come to see you sometime next week. 我回在下周某个时候来看你。
④some time作名词词组时意为“一段时间”；作副词词组时指一个未定的时间，意为“某日；改日”，常与将来时态连用。
e.g. I waited for you some time. 我等了你有些时间了。
[联想] 与time相关的短语
many times 许多次 several times几次 some times几次
next time下次 last time上次 another time另一次
3. help v. 帮助；协助
e.g. Can I help you 我能帮你吗？
[拓展] help u. 帮助（不可数名词） with the help of sb.=with one’s help 在某人的帮助下。
e.g. With the help of her, I worked out the math problem. 在她的帮助下，我解出了这道数
学题。
[联想] help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境
can’t/couldn’t help doing阻止不了；控制不住
help yourself to随便吃或喝
4. matter n. 事情；问题；差错
可数名词，其复数形式为matters。
e.g. I have several important matters to ask you. 我有几件重要的事要问你。
[拓展] ①matter v. 关系重大；要紧。常用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
② 医生问诊常用语
What’s the matter (with sb.)
What’s the trouble
What’s wrong (with sb.)
What’s your trouble
答语通常为I have a headache/stomachache/cold.等。
[联想] 与matter相关的短语
（be）the matter with sb./sth. （不幸、痛苦、问题等的）原因、理由
no matter what/which/who/where/when/how 无论什么（哪一个、谁、何处、何时、如何）
5. have v. 得（病）；患（病）
have后跟不定冠词和表示疾病的名词，表示患某种病，不能用于进行时态。
e.g. He has a bad cold. 他得了重感冒。
[拓展] ① v. 拥有
e.g. Do you have a computer 你有电脑吗？
② v. 取得，吃喝玩乐
e.g. I had a cup of milk for breakfast this morning. 我今天早餐喝了一杯牛奶。
③ v. 让，被
e.g. My father had me stay at home. 我爸爸让我呆在家里。
[辨析] have 和there be
1 have用来表示各种关系的“所有”，身上“具有（说明人或物的外观）”和整体与局部的“含有”。
e.g. I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。
Does the book have a red cover 这本书有个红色的封面吗？
She has a ball. 她有一个球。
2 there be表示存在的关系，表示某处有某人或某物时常用这种句型。
e.g. There are two bikes under the tree. 树下有两辆自行车。
There are forty students in our class. 我们班上有40名学生。
There is a ball on the desk. 在桌子上有一个球。
There is going to be a football match between American and China in Beijing this evening. 今天晚上在北京将有一场中美足球赛。
在there be结构中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词往往和与之最近的主语在数上保持一致。
e.g. There is a pen, two pencils and four books on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和4本书。
There are two maps and a picture on the wall. 墙上有两幅地图和一幅图画。
3 当表示整体与局部的“含有”时或难以判断“有”是所属关系还是存在关系时，与均可使用。
e.g. A year has twelve months.=There are twelve months in a year.
[联想] have to(客观)/must(主观) 必须
had better (not) do 最好（不要）做某事
6. advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议
e.g. Can you give me some advice
[辨析] advice 和advise
advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议（不可数名词）
e.g. Let me give your a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。
advise v. 劝告；忠告；建议
e.g. He advised me to stop smoking. 他建议我戒烟。
[联想] give advice 提建议
take/follow one’s advice 听从某人的劝告
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的建议
advise sb. to do 建议某人去做某事
7. believe v. 相信；认为
其反义词为disbelieve, believe的名词形式为belief，意为“信仰；信条”。
e.g. I could hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不能相信我的眼睛。
We believe that he is a thief. 我们认为他是小偷。
[拓展] believe不用于进行时态，其后接宾语时通常用否定转移。
e.g. I don’t believe he is at school. 我相信他没去上学。
[辨析] believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话是真的）；believe in sb.信任某人。
e.g. I believe him, but I can’t believe in him. 我相信他的话是真的，但我不信任他这个人。
8. show v. 出示；把……拿给……看。
show可用于以下两种结构：show sb. sth. 和show sth. to sb.
e.g. Let me show you my new pictures.=Let me show my new pictures to you. 我把我的新
照片拿给你看看。
[拓展] show还有“带某人到……；送某人到……”之意。
e.g. You’d better show her around our school.你最好带她看看我们的学校。
show 还可以用做名词，做“表演；展览”解。
e.g. fashion show 时装表演
[联想] give sb. sth / give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
lend sb.sth / lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
send sb. sth/ send sth. to sb 寄送
9. decide v. 决定
e.g. I’ve decided to stay at home. 我已经决定呆在家里。
[拓展] ① 其名词形式为decision,意为“决定；决心”。make a decision做决定。
② decide to do sth.
e.g. We decide to go to London next month. 我们决定下个月去伦敦。
decide后还可跟“疑问词+不定式”作复合宾语。
e.g. We can’t decide where to go. 我们决定不了该去哪里。
③ decide on sth./ doing sth.
e.g. Mary decided on that blue cap. 玛莉选定了那顶蓝色的帽子。
They decided on going boating. 我们决定去划船。
④ decide that从句。
e.g. He decided that he would buy a new car. 他决定想买一辆新车。
[联想] make up one’s mind, settle, determine 决定；选定
10. forget v. 忘记；忘却
e.g. I’ve forgotten what her name is. 我忘了她名字叫什么。
[拓展]反义词为remember。
[辨析] forget to do sth.和forget doing sth. forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（动作尚未发生），
而forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（动作已经发生）。
e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go out. 你出去时,别忘了关灯。
I forgot seeing you somewhere. 我忘记在哪里见过你了。
[联想] remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（动作尚未发生）
remember doing sth 记着做过某事（动作已经发生）
1．look after=take care of 照顾；照看
e.g. Please look after yourself and keep healthy. 请照顾好你自己，保持健康。
[拓展] look at 看
look like看起来像
look the same看上去一样
look up查找，（顺便）拜访
look for寻找
look through浏览
look down upon/on轻视，看不起
look back回顾，回忆
look over仔细检查
look around到处看看
look ahead为将来考虑
look forward to盼望，期待
[联想] care about关心；在意 care for照顾；喜欢
2．be good for, 对有……好处（有益）
e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。
[辨析] be good for, be good to 和be good at
be good for 对……有好处（有益），其反意短语为be bad for。
e.g. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 电视看得太多对你的眼睛不好。
be good to 对……好，其反意短语为be bad to。
e.g. She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。
The boss is bad to his workers. 那个老板对他的工人不好。
be good at +doing sth / sth (某人)在……方面好；擅长……，同义短语为do well in,
其反义短语为be weak in “在……方面弱”。
e.g. She is good at English and Chinese.=She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语
和中文。
[联想] be good with 意为 “灵巧的, 与……相处得好”。
e.g. She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。
He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。
3．lots of 许多
e.g. He has lots of friends. 他有许多好朋友。
[辨析] a lot of, lots of , many, much和 a lot
① a lot of=lots of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，修饰可数名词时，可与many互换；
修饰不可数名词时，可与much互换。一般情况下，a lot of/lots of用于肯定句。
② many用来修饰可数名词，表示数目，其反义词是few；much用来修饰不可数名
词，表示数量，其反义词是little。many和much除用于肯定句外，还可用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. I have a lot of/ lots of books, but I don’t have many bookshelves. 我有许多书，但没有许多书架。
③ a lot意为“非常；十分”，相当于much或very much。在句中作状语。
e.g. I felt a lot better. (a lot=much) 我感觉好多了。
I like bananas a lot. (a lot=very much) 我非常喜欢吃香蕉。
[拓展] “许多”还可以表示为a lot of, a large number of, plenty of
4．too much 太多
e.g. Maybe you have too much Yin. 或许你吃了太多的阴性食品。
[辨析] too much,和much too
① too much “太多”，可以作主语，宾语，表语或状语。作定语时，用来修饰不可数名词。
e.g. I have got too much work to do. 我有太多的工作要做。
② much too“太、非常、实在太”，副词短语, 用来修饰形容词和副词，但是不能用
来修饰动词。
e.g. That’s much too dear. 那太贵了。
[联想] too many “太多”,用来修饰可数名词复数。
e.g. They have too many rooms. 他们有太多的房子。
5．may be 可能是；也许是
e.g. This may not be enough money. 这点钱也许不够。
[辨析] may be 和maybe
① 在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式.
e.g. He may be a soldier. 他可能是个军人。
② maybe 是副词，意为“也许；可能”，在句中作状语，常位于句首。
e.g. Maybe I’ll go this afternoon. 我可能今天下午去。
③ maybe和may be 可相互转换。
e.g. He may be in the office.=Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。
[联想] perhaps, probably 可能，大概，或许
6．go camping 去野营
e.g. We are going to go camping in Yellowstone Park in summer. 今年夏天我们打算去黄石公园野营。
[拓展] “go+ v-ing形式”表示体育运动或娱乐消遣，类似的短语有：
go fishing去钓鱼 go bike riding骑自行车旅行
go sightseeing去观光旅行 go hiking远足旅行
go skating去滑冰 go shopping去购物
go swimming去游泳 go hunting去打猎
go boating去划船
[联想] go for a walk 去散步 go to bed/work/school上床睡觉/去上班/上学
go on继续 go over认真看，复习
go through排练，从头练习 go home回家
How’s it going 情况怎么样？
1. So maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit. 因此或许我不是很健康，尽管我拥有一个健康的习惯。
[精析] although此处用作连词，意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。含有although引导的让步状语从句的复合句通常可以与but引导的并列句互换。
e.g. Although I have many friends, I feel a little lonely sometimes.= I have many friends, but I feel a little lonely sometimes. 尽管我有许多朋友，但是有时候我感到有点孤单。
[拓展] although或though和but，because和so，在汉语上常成对地出现，即“虽然……但是”，“因为……所以”，但是英语里不能这样连用。
e.g. Although my father is very busy, he helps me with my physics. 尽管我爸爸很忙，他还帮助我学习物理。
As I was ill, I didn’t go to school. 由于生病，我不能上学。
2. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet. 拥有一个健康的生活方式很容易，均衡饮食很重要。
[精析] 在该句中, 两个it均用作形式主语，真正的主语分别是动词不定式短语to have a healthy lifestyle和to eat a balanced diet。It’s +adj.+ to do sth.是一个常用句型，意为“做某事是……的”。类似的结构还有：It’s +adj.+ for sb. to do sth., 意为“对某人来说，做某事是（怎样的）”。
e.g. It’s polite to greet your teachers when you meet them. 遇到老师时打招呼是有礼貌。
It’s wrong to flight with others. 和别人打架是不对的。
[拓展] 由动词不定式、动名词或从句担任主语的句子（谓语动词通常用单数），常用it来作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面。
e.g. It helps him a great deal meeting with people from different parts of the country.
接触来自全国各地的人对他帮助很大。
It is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。
此外，it还可以做形式宾语。
e.g. I find it interesting to remember English words. 我发现记英语单词很有趣。
3. What are you doing for vacation 你假期打算做什么？
[精析] 询问对方对假期的计划和安排，用现在进行时表明事情的发生已经有迹象可寻，或者已经做好了计划安排，不能轻易变动。一般情况下指的是比较近的将来要发生的事情。
e.g. What are you doing tomorrow 你明天打算干什么？
[拓展] 表示将来的三种形式
1 用现在进行时表示将来。
e.g. We are going to the zoo next week. 下周我们打算去动物园。
2 用be going to do表示将来。
e.g. I am going to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名老师。
3 用“will+动词原形”表示将来。
e.g. He will go to Paris next month.他下月要去巴黎。
4. What’s the matter 怎么了？
[精析] 常用来询问对方的病情或其他不好的情况，也可用What’s wrong 来表示，如要说明对象，则需要介词with。
5．What’s the weather like there 那里的天气怎样？
[精析] What’s…like 是一个固定的句型，意思是“……怎么样”，常用来询问“天气”，也可用来询问人的相貌和品行。
e.g. What’s your English teacher like 你的英语老师怎么样？
[联想] 类似的句型还有许多。
1 意思是“你觉得…怎么样？”
e.g. –How do you like China 你觉得中国怎么样？
– She’s very great. 她太伟大了。
2 意思是“你认为……怎么样？”
e.g. What do you think of my singing 你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样？
3 意思是“……怎么样？”“身体怎么样？”
e.g. How is your brother 你哥哥身体好吗？
How is the weather here in winter 这里冬天的天气怎么样？
Ⅰ. 单项选择：
1. —_____do you have a sports meeting —Twice a year.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How many
2. —I think drinking milk is good _____ our health. —Yes, I agree _____ you.
A. for, with B. to, to C. with, to D. at, with
3. －What’s the matter －_____.
A. I’m sorry to hear that B. I did some washing this morning
C. I left home after breakfast D. I’m really tired
4. －Could you come please I want some help. －____ .
A. Yes, I could B. You are welcome
C. Sure, I’m coming now D. That’s right
5. He looks tired. I think he’d better_____ a rest.
A. to have B. has C. had D. have
6. My grandpa can’t hear clearly. There’s something wrong with his _____.
A. mouth B. eyes C. ears D. nose
7. Tom, if you ______ so many mistakes, you’ll lose your job.
A. will make B. made C. make D. makes
8. is very difficult for me to work out this math problem.
A. It B. This C. That D. They
9.－Let’s go dancing tonight －Sorry, I ____ . I have to go to a meeting.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t
10. Please don’t be angry ____ me. It wasn’t my fault.
A. for B. at C. with D. to
Ⅱ.完型填空
Once there 1 a king. He liked 2 pictures. He always thought his 3 were wonderful. And he liked to show to his people who were 4 of him and said his pictures were very 5 .
One day the king showed the pictures to a famous artist. He wanted the artist to say good of his pictures. But after 6 at them, the artist said the pictures were so bad that he would break them into pieces. The king got very 7 and threw him into prison(监狱).
After a few days, the 8 showed some other pictures to him again. The artist looked at the pictures 9 a few seconds, turned to the guard (卫兵)and said, “ Take me back to the 10 .”
( ) 1. A. lives B. lived C. living D. live
( ) 2. A. drawing B. draw C. drew D. drawn
( ) 3. A. people B. sons C. pictures D. queen
( ) 4. A. kind B. afraid C. happy D. nice
( ) 5. A. well B. good C. better D. best
( ) 6. A. reading B. watching C. looking D. seeing
( ) 7. A. angry B. happy C. surprising D mad
( ) 8. A. king B. artist C. guard D. queen
( ) 9. A. with B. for C. on D. in
( ) 10. A. home B. palace C. prison D. hotel
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A man went to a fast-food restaurant to buy his lunch. “Hi,” a worker said, “May I help you ”
“I’d like a hamburger, large chips and a coke.” the man said.
“Anything else ” the worker asked.
“No.” the man answered. “That’s it.”
“Is that for here or to go ” the worker asked.
“To go.” the man said.
The worker put the man’s lunch in a bag. The man took out his money and paid for his lunch.
“Thank you,” the worker said, “have a nice day.” The man took the bag and walked to a park. He sat down and opened the bag. He was surprised. There was no hamburger in the bag. There were no chips. There was no coke. There was only money in the bag---a lot of money! The man counted the money. Two thousand dollars! Why was the money in the bag Where was the man’s lunch
The manager of the fast-food restaurant needed to go to a bank. He put the envelop in a bag and put the bag down. The worker gave the manager’s bag to the man by mistake. So the manager had a hamburger, chips and a coke, and the man had two thousand dollars. What should the man do
( ) 1. The man went to a restaurant to_______.
A. buy his lunch B. have a rest C. sell drinks D. cook food
( ) 2. The man wanted to have his lunch_______.
A. in a hotel B. in a shop C. in a restaurant D. in a park
( ) 3. When the man opened the bag, he found _______in it.
A. food B. drink C. money D. nothing
( ) 4. _______couldn’t find his money.
A. The man B. The manager
C. The worker D. Nobody
Ⅳ.完成句子
⑴ 从方框中选出适当的单词完成句子
differences, teeth, babysit, illness, forget
1. Do you often brush your ___ before you go to bed
2. Katrina didn’t come to school because she got a serious ___.
3. Can you tell me the __________ between “look” and “see”
4. I can never __________ meeting my school headmaster for the first time.
5. She often helps her mother _________ her little sister.
⑵用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
banana, have a good time, read, go sighting, improve
1. My English writing is good, but I need to ___________ my listening skills.
2. Please tell me if you ____________ at King' s party yesterday.
3. They spent much time ____________in Beijing this summer.
4. -- What can I do for you
-- I'd like to buy a few kilos of ____________
5. -- Have you finished ___________ the newspaper
-- No, not yet.
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Eating habits (习惯) are different in different countries. The Chinese have a saying “Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.” Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are different.
Most Americans only give themselves a short time for lunch. So they eat a small lunch. After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family talking about their day is a way to take a good rest after a long, hard day of work.
Eating at restaurants is also different. In China, people like to talk and laugh while eating. Very often you can hear people talking and laughing loudly, and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. They want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world. If someone is talking too loudly, the manager (经理) of the restaurant will look at him or her angrily. If some people are talking too loudly, the manager of the restaurant may come out and ask them to be quiet.
The title (标题)of the text
1.
Chinese Americans
2. for breakfast. Start the day with a good breakfast.
Eat a big meal for lunch. 3.
4. at dinner. Prefer a big dinner at home or restaurant.
5. while eating at the restaurant. Like to eat far away from the noises.
Ⅵ．补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。
A: 1
B: I am not feeling well. I have a cough.
A: 2
B: Two days ago.
A: Oh, that’s too bad. 3
How often do you do it How did you feel last night Did you take any medicine What did you do What’s wrong with you, Jane Do you often exercise When did it start
B: No, I didn’t.
A: I think you should go to see a doctor.
4 ________
B: Yes, I do. I often take a walk.
A: 5
B: Twice a week.
A: I think you should do more exercise.
根据下面对话情景 在每个空中填入适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。
(W---Wu Dong L---Li Ming P--Peter)
W: Who' s that young man 6 ______________________
L: Of course, I know him. That' s Peter. He' s from Canada.
W: Oh, really 7 ___________________________
L: He' s a businessman. Come on. Let me introduce you to him. Good afternoon, Peter.
P: Hi, Li Ming. 8 ________________________
L: Fine. Peter, I'd like you to meet my friend, Wu Dong.
P: Nice to meet you, Wu Dong.
W: 9 _______________________________ He told me you're from Canada.
P: Right.
W:10 _______________________________
P: For about one year.
W: Can you speak Chinese
P: Yes, but only a little.
Ⅶ 书面表达
请根据下列所给的两句谚语提示,以 “How to keep healthy”为题写一篇不少于80词的短文。谈谈如何保持身体健康。
提示：1. No sports, no life. 生命在于运动。
2. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生远离我。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二部分 新目标英语八年级
第5讲 Book 1 Units 4-6
1. quick adj. 快的；迅速的
e.g. Be quick, or we’ll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。
[拓展] quick adv. 快速；迅速地。置于动词后，相当于quickly。
e.g. They talk quick(ly). 他们讲话快。
[辨析] quick和fast,二者皆有“快地；迅速地”之意，但用法不同。quick常指反应快或表
示某事在比较短的时间内发生或完成。fast侧重于指人或物体具有动作快的特点。
e.g. He had a quick breakfast. 他很快吃完早饭。
e.g. Run as fast as you can. 尽可能地快跑。
2. get vi. 去；到达
其后接介词to，再和表示地点的名词连用，表示到达某地。
e.g. He will get to Paris tomorrow. 他将于明天到达巴黎。
[辨析] arrive in, arrive at, get to和reach. 均表示到达，后接到达的地点。
①arrive in +大地点, arrive at +小地点，地点的大小是相对而言的。
e.g. He will arrive in Xi’an tomorrow. 明天他将到达西安。
They arrived at the small village last night. 他们昨晚到达这个小村庄。
②get to +到达的地点
③reach(vt.)+到达的地点。
e.g. We reached Beijing this morning. 我们今天早上到达北京。
④它们在一些情况下可相互替换。
e.g. You must get to the big bridge before dark.
=You must arrive at the big bridge before dark.
=You must reach the big bridge before dark. 你们必须在天黑前赶到那座大桥。
⑤当它们后面接地点副词home, there, here时不接任何介词。
e.g. When did you get/ arrive/ reach home 你何时到家的？
[联想] 与get相关的短语有：
get on with sth.（中断后）继续做某事 get off下班
get up起床 get together聚会；相聚
get on well with 与……和睦相处
3. take v. 乘，坐
e.g. They take the subway to school. 他们坐地铁去上学。
[拓展] ① “take+限定词+交通工具的单数名词”在句中作谓语，用来表示具体采用某种交通方式。“by+交通工具的单数名词”也可表示乘坐某种交通工具，在句中作方式状语。
e.g. I take the bus to school. = I go to school by bus. 我坐公共汽车去上学。
② take 还有更多的意思， 做“买；花费；占用；抓住；拿走；”解。
e.g. Please take these books. 请把这些书拿走。
I’ll take it. 我要买下它。
It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 步行上学要花我十分钟时间。
Please take my hand. 请抓住我的手。
[辨析] take，cost， spend和pay. 四个词均有“花费”之意，但用法有所不同。
① take主要指花费时间。常用于It takes/ will take/ took sb. some time to do sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to do my homework last night. 昨晚我花了2个小时做作业。
② cost主语只能是物或事，而不能是人，常用于sth. cost sb. some money或
sth cost some money结构中。
e.g. This sweater cost him 200 yuan. 这件毛衣花去他二百元。
③ spend的主语必须是人，常用于sb. spend some time/ money on sth.或sb. spend
some time/ money(in) doing sth. 结构中，in可省略。
e.g. He spent five dollars on the book.. 他买那本书花了五美元。
④ pay主要指花费金钱，主语是人，通常用于sb. pay some money for sth.某人
为某事而付款。
e.g. I paid 100 yuan for my bike. 我买自行车花了一百元。
⑤cost，spend和pay在一定条件下可相互。
e.g. The pen cost me three yuan.
=I spent three yuan on the pen.
=I paid three yuan for the pen.
=I bought the pen for three yuan. 这只钢笔花了我三元钱。
[联想] take a walk 散步 take photos 照相
take care of 照看，照顾 take away 拿走，带走
take off 脱掉；起飞 take part in 参加
take place 发生 take…to… 把……带到……
4. other adj. 其他的；另外的
adv. 其他地；另外的人或物
e.g. Are there any other questions 还有其他的问题吗？
The plan is better than others. 这个计划比其他的要好。
[拓展] other可用于one…，the other…结构中，该结构表示“（两者中的）一个……，另一
个……”；还可用于some…others…结构中，该结构表示“一些……，另一些……”。
e.g. I have two brother. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 我有两个哥哥，一个是老师，另一个是医生。
e.g. In our class, some students are from the city, others are from the country. 在我们班，一些学生来自城市，另一些学生来自农村。
[辨析] other, another, the other, the others和 others
1 other 其他的；另外的；别的（人或事物）
e.g. She doesn’t like other skirt. 她不喜欢其他的裙子。
2 another 另一个人或事物
e.g. He bought many CDs. One is light music. Another is rock music.
他买了很多激光唱片，有一张是轻音乐，还有一张是摇滚乐。
③ the other （两个中的）另一个。
e.g. One of the twins is a doctor; the other is a policeman.
双胞胎中的一个是医生，另一个是警察。
④ the others 其余的或剩下的人或事物
e.g. Many visitors are waiting outside the gate. Only one is reading a magazine; the others are chatting. 门外有很多参观者在等候，其中只有一个在看杂志，其他的都在聊天。
⑤ others 其他的、另外的或别的人或事物
e.g. Some countries are developed countries; others are developing countries.
一些国家是发达国家，一些是发展中国家。
5. keep v. 保留，保持，保存
e.g. You can keep the book. I don’t need it now. 你留着那本书好了，我现在用不着。
Please keep quiet! 请保持安静！
[拓展] keep还可用做名词，earn your keep谋生, for keeps永远地(尤为儿语)。
[辨析] keep, borrow和lend
1 keep sth. “保存”，表示借来的东西可以保存“多久”。
e.g. How long can I keep the book 这本书我能借多久？
2 borrow “借，借进”，对主语而言是“借进”，常见于固定搭配 borrow…from…
（从……借……）。
e.g. I borrowed a book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了一本书。
3 lend “借给……”，对主语而言是“借出”， 常见于固定搭配lend …to（从……
借给）。
e.g. He lent me his bike. 他把自行车借给我了。
[联想] keep + adj 保持（某种状态），keep为系动词
keep + sb./ sth.+ adj. 使某人或某物保持某种状态
keep + sb./ sth. +介词短语。
keep + (sb.) + doing（使某人）不停地做某事。
Keep out! 请勿入内！
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事；反复做某事
keep a record /diary 记录/记日记
keep a secret 保守秘密
6. both pron. 两个（都）；两者（都）
① both单独作主语时其谓语动词要用复数形式。
e.g. Both are smart.两个人都聪明。
② both of后接名词或代词的复数形式，接名词时必须与定冠词the或形容词性物主代
词my, her, his等连用。
e.g. Both of us are doctors. 我们俩都是医生。
Both of her children have blue eyes. 她的两个孩子都是蓝眼睛。
[拓展] ① both adj. 两者；两者都
e.g. Both her eyes are red. 她的两只眼睛都红了。
② both adv.
both…and… 又……又……；既……又……。一般连接对等的词、短语或从句，相
当于not only… but also…，其否定形式为 neither…nor……既不……也不……。
e.g. Both Lucy and Lily are having supper.露西和莉莉都在吃晚餐。
③ both的否定属部分否定，意为“ 并非两者都”，全部否定时用either…not…或
neither表示。
e.g. Either of us isn’t good at English.=Neither of us is good at English.
我们都不擅长英语。
[联想] both, all, neither和none
肯定：both 两者都——————→all三者或以上都
↓ ↓
否定：neither两者都不————→none三者或以上都
1. a number of 许多
e.g. A number of people have read the book. 许多人读过这本书。
A large number of students are standing on the playground. 许多学生正站在操场上。
[辨析] a number of和the number of
a number of 意思是“许多的；大量的”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of 意思是“……的数量”，同样后接可数名词复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. A number of people have complained to the company. 一些人已经向公司投诉了。
The number of the workers in the factory is 1,500. 那个工厂工人的数目是1500。
The number of students in our school is rising year by year. 我们学校学生的数量一年
年地增长。
[联想] ①“许多”还可表示为many，much，plenty，a large / great number of 。
② a small number of 少数的
③ a lot of 和lots of不用于否定句中。
2. call sb. 打电话
e.g. Please call me after the vacation. 请在假期之后给我打电话。
[拓展] call还可做“喊、叫；给（人或宠物）命名（或取名）”解。
e.g. I can hear Mom calling me; I’d better go. 我听到妈妈叫我了，我得走了。
They finally decided to call the dog “Torka”. 他们最终给这狗取名叫“托卡”。
[联想] 打电话还有以下短语：
call sb. up phone sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up ring sb.
ring sb. up give sb. a ring
give sb. a phone make a telephone call to sb.
give sb. a call. phone to sb.
……
3. thanks for 因为……而感谢
e.g. Thanks for asking. 谢谢你邀请我。
[拓展] “因为……而感谢”还可以说Thank sb. for sth../ Thank sb. for doing sth..
e.g. Thank you for asking me. 谢谢你邀请我。
Thank you for your help. 谢谢你帮助我。
[辨析] thanks for和thanks to
thanks for 后接名词或动词的-ing形式，意为“因为……而感谢”。thanks to 意为“由于；多亏了；因为”，其中to为介词。
e.g. Thanks for giving me a ride to school. 谢谢你开车带我到学校。
Thanks to your help, we finished it on time. 由于你的帮助，我们按时完成了。
We are late, thanks to you. 因为你，我们迟到了。
[联想] thank-you note 感谢信
Thanksgiving Day. 感恩节
Thank God/Goodness/heavens. 谢天谢地。
Thanks a lot. 多谢了。
4. leave for 前往
e.g. He is leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他将前往纽约。
They left for Beijing last week. 他们上周动身去北京了。
[辨析] leave + 地点，leave for + 地点和leave A for B
leave + 地点 离开某地
leave for + 地点 前往某地
leave A for B 离开A地前往B地
e.g. Cinderella had to leave the party early. 灰姑娘不得不早点离开晚会。
He left Xi’an for Shanghai. 他离开西安去上海。
[联想] leave sb. alone 不去打扰某人；别惹某人
leave sth. alone 别碰；不要动
leave sb. in the lurch 弃某人于危难之中
5. not all 并非所有（部分否定）
e.g. In American, not all the balls are round. 在美国，并非所有的球都是圆的。
[拓展] 在否定句中有不定代词all, both, each和所有含有every的合成词时，只表示部分
否定。
e.g. I don’t know all of them. 我对他们并不都认识。
Both of the students are not here. 两个学生并不都在这里。（一个在，一个不在。）
Everything is not right. 并非什么都好。（有的好，有的不好。）
[联想] 在否定句中用连词and连接两个状语、表语、定语、宾语等时，只表示部分否定，
只否定and后面的部分。
e.g. She is not a bright and diligent girl. 她并不是个又聪明又勤奋的女孩。（聪明，但并不
勤奋）
She is not a bright or (nor) diligent girl. 她是个既不聪明又不勤奋的女孩。
6．in hospital住院
e.g. My grandmother is in hospital and I have to look after her. 我奶奶生病住院了，我得去照顾她。
[辨析]和 in a /the hospital in a /the hospital意思是“在医院里”，有可能是生病住院；也有可能是在医院工作；还有可能是探望其他病人。in hospital 意思是“（生病）住院”。
e.g. My mother works in a hospital. 我妈妈在一家医院工作。
[联想] be ill生病
e.g. I was ill yesterday, so I didn’t go to school. 我昨天生病了，所以没有去上学。
1. How do you get to school 你怎样去上学的？
[精析] how用来询问交通方式。
e.g. –How can I get to the railway station 我怎样才能到火车站？
–You can take the No.5 bus. 你可以乘5路公共汽车。
[拓展] 有关how的问句所表示的含义。
1 how询问身体状况
e.g. How is your father He is fine. 你爸爸身体怎么样了？他很好。
How is everything going Everything is going with me. 一切进展得顺利吗？我一切都很好。
2 how far询问距离
e.g. Could you tell me how far it is from here to your home 你能告诉我从这到你家有
远吗？
3 how long询问物体的长度或时间的长度
e.g. – How long is the Yangtze River 长江有多长？
– It’s about 6,300 kilometers. 大约6，300千米长。
– How long did you live here 你住在这多久了？
– For about 4 years. 四年了。
4 how old询问年龄
e.g. Do you want to know how old he is 你想知道他多大吗？
5 how often询问频率
e.g. How often do you play football Every day. 你多久踢一次足球？每天（都踢）。
6 how soon询问多久以后会发生某事
e.g. – How soon will she come back 她多久回来？
– She’ll come back in an hour. 她一小时后会回来。
7 how many/ much询问数量，how much还可询问价格
e.g. How many students are there in your class 你们班上有多少学生？
How much money does this cost 这要多少钱？
8 how tall询问高度“多高”
e.g. How tall is Yao Ming 姚明有多高？
9 how about用来征求对方意见“怎么样”
e.g. How about calling him 给他打电话怎么样？
2. Can you come to my party 你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？
[精析] ① Can you… 可用来询问对方能否做某事，其肯定回答通常用Sure, I’d love /
like to. 否定回答通常用I’m sorry. / I’d love / like to, but….
e.g. Can you go to the movies with me tonight Sure, I’d love / like to.今晚你能和我一起
去看电影吗？当然，我很愿意。
e.g. Can you open the window I’m sorry. It’s too cold. 你能打开窗户吗？对不起，天太
冷了。
② can和be able to两者都有“会；能够”之意。can为情态动词，无人称和数
的变化，过去式为。而be able to有人称、时态和数的变化。be able to可以与情态动词连用，后面接不定式，而can不能这样使用。
e.g. I shall be able to speak English well. 我的英语能讲的很好。
I hope to be able to go the movies with you on Sunday. 我希望星期日能和你一起去看电影。
[拓展] 情态动词can的用法：
e.g. Can you make a model plane 你会做模型飞机吗？
①表示能力，意为“能；会”。表示能力时可和be able to互换使用，后者有更多的时态变化，常被用来表示所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。
e.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months. 他们过三个月就能自己开这台机器了。
② 表示可能性，意为“可以；可能”。
e.g. He can be very friendly at times. 有时他会很友好。
③ 表示允许，意为“可以；能够”。
e.g. Can I use your pen 我可以用你的钢笔吗？
④ 表示惊异、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句），意为“会；可能”。
e.g. This can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。
⑤ 邀请某人，常见的表示方法有：
e.g. Would you like to… 你愿意……？
Will you (please)… 请你……好吗？
Can you… 你能……？（熟人、同学之间用语）
3. What’s today 今天是什么日子？
[精析] What’s today 是询问日期和星期的用语。
e.g. What’s tomorrow 明天是什么日子？
What’s the day after tomorrow 后天是什么日子？
What was yesterday 昨天是什么日子？
[拓展] 询问日期和星期的用语还有：
What day is (it) today 今天是星期几？
What day is it tomorrow 明天星期几？
What day is it the day after tomorrow 后天星期几？
What’s the date today 今天是几月几日？
4. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘英没有她的姐姐擅长运动。
[精析] 表示两个人或事物在某一方面程度相同时用“as +形容词或副词原形+ as”结
构，意为“和……一样”，其中，第一个as是副词，修饰其后的形容词或副词，第二个
as是连词，连接比较状语从句，从句中与主语相同的部分往往省略。
e.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。
She runs as fast as Li Mei. 她和李美跑的一样快。
表示某人或某物在某方面不及他人或事物时，用“not as/ so +形容词或副词原形+ as结构，可与含有比较级的句子相互转换。
e.g. A is not as tall as B. = B is taller than A. A没有B高。=B比A高。
Li Lei didn’t come as early as Wang Lin.= Wang Lin comes earlier than Li Lei.
李雷不如王林来得早。
[拓展] as for 至于；关于
as long as 只要；如果
as if / though 好像；仿佛
as it is 照现状看；看样子
as soon as 一……就……
as well也
as well as和
such as 例如（不完全列举）
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. —_____will you stay in America —About two month.
A. How many B. How often C. How long D. How soon
2. —Must I finish the work today —No, you _____ .You ______ finish it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t, must B. needn’t, may
C. can’t, may D. can’t, must
3. It is ______ cheaper and ______ enjoyable to travel by train than by plane.
A. much, very much B. very, very much
C. more, much more D. much more, more
4. It’s ______ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.
A. more B. better C. good D. best
5. There are ______ people in the room. Do you know ______ them
A. the number of, a number of B. the number of, the number of
C. a number of, a number of D. a number of, the number of
6. He enjoys ______ to school ______.
A. to go, walk B. going, walk C. going, on foot D. to go, on foot
7. Mr. Smith is worried ______ his son’s Chinese.
A. for B. at C. about D. with
8. What makes you ______ he is angry about it
A. to think B. thought C. thinking D. think
9.－How do you usually go to school －____ my father’s car.
A. By B. On C. In D. With
10.－Can you go hiking with us this Sunday －Sorry, I can’t. I ______ do my homework.
A. can B. can’t C. have to D. needn’t
Ⅱ.完型填空
Today Chinese people can enjoy longer holidays, such as the three “Gold Week Holidays”—the Spring Festival, May Day and National Day. They have more time 1 . Rising incomes(收入) also make 2 possible for ordinary(普通的) Chinese people to travel abroad(国外).
Zhang Haitao, a middle school student in Shanghai will go to Japan with his parents 3 the Spring Festival. “Overseas touring has always been a dream of 4 ,”Zhang Haitao said.
“ 5 will you go to Japan, by air or by ship ” I asked him.
“By ship. Traveling by ship is more 6 than a rushed trop by air.”
“But a plane is much 7 than a ship.”
“Yes, but you can’t see much during the 8 , while a sea trip will make you happier, because you can see waves, islands and even big fish.”
“ Will you travel at your own expense(费用) ”
“Certainly. 9 my father’s job is to recycle rubbish, I’m very proud of him. He has saved 10 money in the last three years. What’s more（而且）, he has made a contribution by protecting our environment.”
（ ）1. A. travel B. travels C. to travel D. traveled
（ ）2. A. them B. it C. this D. that
（ ）3. A. during B. from C. at D. to
（ ）4. A. my B. I C. me D. mine
（ ）5. A. How B. What C. When D. Where
（ ）6. A. dangerous B. enjoyable C. difficult D. frustrating
（ ）7. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. slower
（ ）8. A. night B. day C. holidays D. flight
（ ）9. A. Because B. Although C. But D. So
（ ）10. A. a little B. many C. lots of D. a few
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
“Be proud of what you do,” my father always told me, “whether you are a boss or a cleaner”. when I was 15, I got a summer job in a hospital. I was told that my duties would include sweeping floors. I smiled and remembered Dad’s words.
Even though my job was the lowest, it made me feel excited. I saw it as a challenge because it was my first job. I learned to be on time and tried to do everything well. In return, I was treated with respect(尊敬) by doctors, nurses and patients. Each morning I imagined that the dirty dishes would make patients more sick if I were not there to wash them clean. After breakfast was done, I started sweeping the floors of all patient rooms and cleaning toilets. Though I was tired, I wanted the job to be done well. People would say, “That young boy really does a good job.” That gave me a pride.
Working in the hospital taught me that being proud of one’s job is important. It does not matter whether the job is sweeping floors or managing a large business. Through every job I have ever had my father’s words have always stayed with me. I have swept floors, and I have been a manager. I think Dad would be proud of me.
( )1. The writer’s first job was a ___________.
A. boss B. cleaner C. manager D. doctor
( )2. Which of the following didn’t the writer do in the hospital according to the passage __________
A. Looking after patients. B. Washing dishes.
C. Cleaning toilets. D. Sweeping the floor.
( )3. When the writer was in the hospital, he ___________.
A. made the patients sick B. wasn’t tired
C. worked hard D. did everything
( )4. From the passage, we know that ____________.
A. the writer’s father always stayed with him
B. the father didn’t like the writer’s first job
C. the writer wasn’t proud of his first job
D. the father’s words encouraged the writer to do everything well
( )5. Which is the best title of the passage
A. Smiling With Yourself B. My Father
C. My First Job D. Working in the Hospital
Ⅳ.完成句子
⑴ 从方框中选出适当的单词完成句子
necessary, habit, try, get to, hardly
1. You must to do more exercise. It’s good for your health.
2. How does your teacher usually school
3. Smoking is a bad .
4. I ever borrow money from others.
5. It’s for you to do some speaking exercise.
⑵用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
good, take a shower, come over, have fun, invite
1. Can you to my home I have some math problems to ask you.
2. Your Mp3 is than mine .
3. We at your party last Sunday.
4. Thanks for your . But I’ll be too busy to go to your party.
5. The little boy twice a day.
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
阅读下面材料，根据材料内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Happy Christmas DayCome and enjoy western countries’ Christmas with us!Here you can have good meals of western food Watch beautiful Christmas treesReceive a nice present that Father Christmas sends Play with the new toysSing and dance with some foreignersTime: 6:00pm—11:00pmDate: Dec.24—Dec.30Ticket price: 108 yuan for adult, half for children Place: The Children Palace of Xinhui Note:You may greet us with a hug.
Information Card
Festival to celebrate 1.______________________
The person who sends the presents 2.______________________
Business hours 3.______________________
The place to celebrate the festival 4.______________________
Cost for the parents and a daughter of 10 years old 5.______________________
Ⅵ．补全对话
Hold on, please.Can I take a message for you I’ll give him the message.I’m afraid I may be a little late. I’m very sorry, I can’t come.Could I speak to Dr. Smith, please I’m afraid he isn’t here now.
根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的
语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。
Anna: Hello. Dr Smith’s office.
John: Hello. 1 .
Anna: 2 . I’m
Anna, Dr. Smith’s assistant.
3 .
John: Yes, please. This is John. Dr. Smith
invited me to his daughter’s birthday party on Saturday evening. 4 . I have to go to Australia on business this afternoon. I can’t come back until this Sunday night.
Anna: Oh, I’m very sorry to hear that. 5 .
John: Thank you. Goodbye.
Anna: Goodbye.
根据下面对话情景 在每个空中填入适当的语句， 使对话恢复完整。
A: Can I help you
B: Yes, please. I need to see my friend. She’s ill in the hospital. I have a map but it’s in Chinese, and I only speak English. How do I get there
A: Don’t worry. Let me look at your map. OK, first 1 . Next
2 . Then walk on and you’ll find it on your right.
B: How far is it from here
A: It’s about 3 .
B: How long 4 .
A: About ten minutes.
B: OK, thank you so much!
A: You are welcome. If you have a problem,
5 .
Ⅶ 书面表达
学生去学校的方式有许多种,有的骑自行车,有的乘公共汽车,有的坐小汽车,有的步行。以“My Best Way of Going to School”为题写一篇英语短文。
要求：词数不少于60个。标点符号不占格。
提示要点：以上四种方式哪一种最适合你？为什么？充分说明理由（至少三条）。
My Best Way of Going to School
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二部分 新目标英语八年级
第6讲 Book 1 Units 7-9
1. turn v. 打开（电器）
e.g. Turn on the radio. 打开收音机。
[拓展] turn还有更多的意思，做“转弯；转身；翻转；变化，改变（系动词）；”解。
e.g. Turn right at the next stop. 在下一个交通信号灯处右转。
He turned to look behind him. 他转过身来往后看。
The weather will turn colder. 天气会变得更冷。
[辨析] turn on, turn off, turn down 和turn up. 这几个短语均是“动词+副词”构成的短语，
宾语是代词时，则应放在turn之后，副词之前。
turn on 打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)
turn off 关掉(煤气、自来水、电灯等)
turn down （将音量）关小
turn up （将音量）开大
e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时别忘了关灯。
Would you mind turning down the music 你介意把音乐的声音关小吗？
[联想] open 和close也有“开、关”之意，但多指“开、关（门、窗）”。
e.g. Please open the door. 请开门。
Don’t close the window. 别关窗。
2. pour v. 倾倒；灌；浇
e.g. Please pour some wine into his cup. 请往他的杯里倒些酒。
[拓展] pour…into 把……倒入……中；把……灌入……中
e.g. Please pour the water into the bottle. 请把这些水倒进瓶子里。
pour…out 把……倒出
e.g. Please pour the cold water out. 请把凉水倒出来。
[联想] pour (down) （雨）倾盆而下
pour money / aid etc. into 大量提供资金/援助给……
3. mix v. 混合；混在一起
e.g. We mix flour and water to make bread. 我们将面粉和水和在一起制成面包。
[拓展] mix n.混合物
mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
mixture n. 混合物；混合体
e.g. There was a strange mix of people at Larry’s party. 参加拉里家聚会的人员构成很奇怪。
We had mixed feelings about moving so far away. 我们搬得这么远，心理觉得又高兴又
难过。
Pour the cake mixture into a pan and bake it for 45 minutes. 把蛋糕的混合料摊在烤盘
上，烤45分钟。
[辨析] mix…to…和mix up
mix…to… 把……和……混合在一起
mix up 混合；混淆
e.g. You can mix blue and yellow paint to make green. 你可以把蓝色和黄色油漆混合成绿
色。
Don’t mix up those books. 别把那些书弄混了。
4. make v. 做；制作
e.g. How do you make a banana milk shake 你是如何做香蕉奶昔的？
[辨析] do与make表示“做”时的区别
① do 表示“做；干”时，指具体的工作，强调动作。常用在do one’s homework(做
作业)，do one’s lessons(做功课)，do exercises(做练习)等方面。
e.g. Do it like this 像这样做吗？
Can you do it 你会做吗？
② make指用原材料做某种东西。
e.g. The boy is making a model plane. 那个男孩正在做一个飞机模型。
[联想] make a cake 做蛋糕
make a banana smoothie 做一份香蕉思母木西
make fruit salad 做水果沙拉
make a kite 做风筝
make dumplings 包饺子
make tea 沏茶
make clothes 做衣服
make beds 铺床
make bikes 制造自行车
5. finally adv. 最后；最终
e.g. Finally, he told me the truth. 最终，他告诉了我实情。
[拓展] finally是表示顺序的副词，在句中位置很灵活，可位于句首，也可放在句尾。但若
位于句中时，需放在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
e.g. It’s not finally settled yet. 还没有最后定下来。
finally的形容词形式为final。
[辨析] finally, at last 和in the end
1 finally表示某一动作发生的顺序是在“最后”，无感彩，只用于过去时，它
在句中的位置以句首时为多。
e.g. Finally they finished the work. 最后他们完成了这项工作。
2 at last往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，也可用来表示“等候或耽误了很
长时间之后才……”，常常带有较浓厚的感彩，语气比较强烈。
e.g. She has come at last. 她总算来了。
3 in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生，有时
可与 finally 互相换用。
e.g. We found his house in the end. 我们终于找到了他的家。
6. watch v. 观看；注视
e.g. He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。
[拓展] watch还可以用作名词，意为“手表”。
e.g. I have a watch. 我有一块手表。
[辨析] watch, look, see和read的用法
1 watch “注视；观看”，常用作及物动词（可用于进行时态），后面直接跟宾语。
它指集中注意力观看或注视正在运动中的人或物。
e.g. watch TV 看电视 watch game 看比赛
2 look “看；望”，表示有意识地，认真地看，但不强调结果（能否看到），为不
及物动词，后接宾语时要先接介词at再加宾语，强调看的动作。
e.g. What are you looking at 你正在看什么？
Look! The children are playing games in the park. 看！孩子们正在公园里做游戏。
3 see “看见；看到”， 常用作及物动词（一般不用于进行时），后面直接跟宾语，
表示有意识或无意识地看到了某人（物），强调“看”的结果。
e.g. What else can you see in the park 在公园里你还能看到别的什么？
We look, but see nothing. 我们看了，可什么也看不见。
4 read通常指看文字类的书，形式是看，实则是读。
e.g. Jim is reading an English book. 吉姆正在读一本英语书。
Don’t read in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。
[联想] watch over 守护；照看
watch out 小心；留神
watch for 留心；守侯
7. competition n. 比赛；竞争
e.g. Maria won first prize in yesterday singing competition. 玛利亚赢得了昨天歌唱比赛的一等奖。
[辨析] competition, match和game
1 competition 指体力、技巧、能力方面的竞赛。
e.g. Lin Jing won the first place in the handwriting competition. 林静在书法比赛中获得了第一名。
2 match 常用来表示重要而公开进行的“比赛”。
e.g. Did you watch the football match between China and England 你观看那场中国对英格
兰的足球赛了吗？
3 game 表示体育、棋类等的“比赛”，通常指人们用体力或智力进行的竞赛活动。
e.g. Tennis is a game.网球是一种运动。
8. nobody不定代词，没有人
e.g. Nobody is here.这儿没有人。
[辨析] nobody, no one和none
① nobody相当于no one，只可指人，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，后面不
能接of介词短语。
e.g. Nobody/ No one can answer the question. 没有人能回答这个问题。
② none表示部分否定。指三者或三者以上的“没有；都不”，既可指人，也可指
物，常与of连用，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。接可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数形式都可以，若与不可数名词连用，谓语动词只可用单数形式。
e.g. None of them have been to Beijing. 他们中没有一个人去过北京。
③ none还可用于对how many或how much引导的疑问句进行回答，表示数量。
e.g. –How many birds in the tree –None. 树上有几只鸟？一只也没有。
[联想] 不定代词还有以下这些：
anyone, someone, no one, anywhere, somewhere 和nowhere用于各类口语和书面语中。anybody, somebody, nobody, anyplace, someplace, no place常用于口语中。
1. add…to… 把……加入……
e.g. Add these to the sandwich. 把这些加到三明治中。
[辨析] add…to…和add to
add…to… 把……加入……, add to 增添；增加
e.g. The music added to our enjoyment. 音乐给我们增添了快乐。
[联想] add in包括在内
add up合计；加起来
add up to总计达
e.g. Don’t forget to add me in. 别忘了算上我（把我包括在内）。
Add these figures up. 将这些数字加起来。
The expenses add up to 100 yuan. 支出合计为100元。
2. at the top of 在……顶端；在……最上方；名列……之前
e.g. His name was at the top of the list. 他的名字高列榜首。
[辨析] at the top of, on the top of 和on top of
at the top of, at表示在一个点上；on the top of意为“在……上面”， on表示在一个面上；on top of 用于表示抽象意义，意为“驾驭；熟练掌握”。
e.g. Clouds are forming on the top of the hill. 云正在山顶形成。
The girl is on the top of her job. 这个女孩能胜任她的工作。
[联想] on top of the world 极其高兴的
top dog 处于最高（或最重要）地位的人
3. in the future 将来,
e.g. In the future, I’ll be sure to reserve tickets.下回我一定会预定门票。
I’m hoping to go to Paris in the near future. 我希望在不久的将来去巴黎。
[辨析] in the future和in future
in the future“将来”，指将来全部时间。in future“以后”，通常带有警告语气。
e.g. When people asked him what he wanted to be in the future, he always said, “A scientist.”当人们问他将来想当什么的时候，他总是回答：“科学家。”
You must be more careful in future. 今后你可要多加小心。
[联想] for future reference 供日后参考
my future wife-in-law 我未来的太太
the future 将来；未来；动词的将来时（术语）
4. too…to… 太……而不能……
e.g. You are never too young to start doing things. 你什么时候做事都不会太早。
His father is too old to work. 他父亲太老了而不能工作了。
[拓展] “too +形容词或副词原形+ to+动词原形”；too…to…结构也可表示肯定意义。
1 too…to… 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如not, never, nothing等时，too…to…
结构表示肯定意义。
e.g. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
2 如果在too…to…结构的前面出现了only，不仅免去了否定含义，反而加强了
它的肯定语气，only too相当于very或very much。
e.g. I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我将极高兴地回家。
3 too后为表示情感的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时，表示的是肯定含
义。
e.g. He is too sad to hear the bad news. 听到不幸的消息他太悲伤了。
[联想] too…to…表示否定概念时，可以与so…that句式和not…enough to…句式转换。
e.g. He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school. 他太小了而不能去上学。（转换后的形容词或副词在enough to结构中，要用其相应的反义词。）
5. learn to do sth. 学做某事
e.g. The child began to learn to swim when he was only six months old. 这个孩子只有六个月大的时候就开始学游泳了。
[拓展] learn from sb. 向某人学习
learn…by heart 熟记……；背诵……
learn one’s lesson from… 从……中吸取教训
e.g. We should learn from Lei Feng. 我们应该向雷锋学习。
All the students learned the text by heart. 所有的学生对背过课文了。
We learn our lesson from the thing. 我们从这件事中吸取了教训。
[联想] learn 通过学习或实践才能了解情况，才知道怎么去做；
teach 在一段时间内向别人解释要做什么及如何去做；
show 通过动作演示如何做
study 学习；攻读；仔细察看；研究；
1. When was she born 她何时出生的？
[精析] be born意为“出生”。动词be通常用was或were。
e.g. He was born in 1980. 他出生于1980年。
I was born on July 21, 1975. 我出生于1975年7月21日。
[拓展] 与be born相关的短语:
Sb. be born+ adj./ n. 身为……人
e.g. She was born lucky. 她生来就很幸运。
Sb. be born to do 生来就……
e.g. She was born to succeed in life. 她生来注定会成功。
Sb. be born of + n. 因……产生
e.g. This invention was born of need. 这项发明是因需要而产生的。
2. He was also the first Chinese pianist in the 70-year history of the competition to win the
prize. 他也是第一位在大奖赛70年历史中获此奖的中国钢琴家。
[精析] be the first (one)…to do sth. 意为“第一个做……的人”。
e.g. He is always the first one to get to school. 他总是第一个到校。
[拓展] be the last(one)…to do sth. 最后一个做……的人
be the second / third / fourth (one)…to do sth. 在此结构中，序数词可用其他序数词
替换。
e.g. Lin Tao was the last to come here. 林涛是最后一个到这儿的。
She was the third one to reach the top of the mountain. 她是第三个到达山顶的人。
3. Deng Yaping was born on the 2nd of June, 1973. 邓亚萍出生于1973年6月2日。
[精析] 当表示出生日期时，后面可以接介词in或on（具体到某一日）。
[拓展] 表示时间的介词的用法
1 at
“at +时间点”。表示在“几点几分”等具体时刻时要用at。
e.g. at 3 o’clock 在三点
at Christmas 在圣诞节 at New Year 在新年之际
2 on
on + 具体的某日或某日的早、午、晚等。
e.g. on the morning of May 1st 在五月一日的早晨
on New Year’s Day 在元旦（那一天）
3 for, since
“for +时间段”，“ since +过去的时间点”。这两种短语都表示“延续的一段时间”，
常与完成时态连用。
e.g. for 48 years 48年（之外） since 1980 自从1980年以来
4 in, after
“in +时间段”，常与动词将来时连用；“after +时间段”，只与瞬间动词过去时连
用。这两种短语都是表示过多久时间之后将会发生某个动作。
e.g. He will come back in two years. 他两个小时后就回来。
He came back after two hours. 两个小时后他回来了。
5 until/ till
“until/ till +时间点”意为“直到……才……”或“直到……”。till多用于口语，
且不能放在句首。
e.g. He won’t be back until/ till January. 他到一月份才回来。
6 during, by
“during +时间段”意为“在……期间”；“by +时间点”意为“到……为止；在……
之前”，常用于将来时和完成时中。
e.g. During those three months he asked a lot of questions. 那三个月当中他问了许多
问题。
By the time we got there, the bus had already gone. 在我们到那儿之前，公共汽车
已经开走了。
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. Every year ____ Mother’s Day is on ____ second Sunday in May.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. an; a
( )2. I find ____ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left.
A. it B. that C. its D. this
( )3. The Tang Paradise(大唐芙蓉园) was so____ that everyone felt ____ after visiting it.
A. interested; excited B. interesting; excited
C. interested; exciting D. interesting; exciting
( )4. ---Would you mind ____ the window
--- _____.
A. close; Sure B. closing; Of course
C. closing; Of course not D. to close; Certainly
( )5. ____ was your vacation It was OK.
A. How B. What C. Why D. How about
( )6. ---Children are sleeping now. Could you _____the radio a bit
---That’s OK.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down
( )7. I have ____ time today, but I can come again in ____ days.
A. little; a few B. a little; few C. little; few D. few; a few
( )8. Lucy doesn’t have an eraser. Let me give ____ to ____.
A. mine; him B. mine; her C. her; mine D. my; her
( )9. Li Lei could read and write when he was five.
A. had B. five years later C. have D. at the age of five
( )10. The singer was born______ May 5, 1981 ______ Germany.
A. on, in B. in, in C. in, on D. on, on
Ⅱ.完型填空
There is good news for the children in the countryside. We may still remember the girl 1 big eyes. Her big eyes are 2 us her dream: I wish to 3 ! In china, there are still 4__ girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their 5 are too poor. If a family has two or three children, it is harder to 6 for all the children’s education. So the parents often ask the __7
.
to stay at home, and the boys to go to school.
Now they needn’t 8 the money. From 2006 on, children in some poor places can go to school for free. They don’t have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can get money from the government to make their life 9 . From 2007 on, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All their families are very happy at the news. It is 10 great.
( )1. A. with B. on C. to D. in
( )2. A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. talking
( )3. A. go to work B. go to bed C. go to school D. go home
( )4. A. a lot B. few C. a lot of D. much
( )5. A. schools B. cities C. houses D. families
( )6. A. pay B. take C. buy D. lend
( )7. A. teachers B. girls C. boys D. all the children
( )8. A. look up B. turn on C. worry about D. make sure
( )9. A. better B. shorter C. longer D. worse
( )10. A. not B. never C. hardly D. really
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Once a Chinese student went to study English in England. His family name was “Sun”. It was the same word as “Sun”.
We know England is a country with bad weather. It’s often cloudy and misty(多雾的), and it rains often, So the people there don’t get much sunshine in the whole year.
When the student reached, a tall policeman began to check his passport. When he saw the student’s family name was “Sun”, the policeman said to him, “You’re wanted in our city!”
The student was very surprised(惊奇). But in a few minutes the policeman said with a smile, “Mr. Sun, you have brought sunshine to our country. Welcome to London!”
( ) 1. What was the boy’s family name
A. Son B. Sun C. Song D. Sunshine
( ) 2. What’s the weather like in English in the whole year
A. It’s sunny. B. It’s snowy. C. It’s windy. D. It’s rainy.
( ) 3. Why did the policeman say “you’re wanted in our city”
A. He knew the boy.
B. They were friends.
C. The boy was an excellent student.
D. The boy’s name was the same word as “Sun”.
( ) 4.The policeman was very _____ when he saw the student’s passport(护照).
A. surprised. B. unhappy. C. pleased (高兴). D. sad.
( ) 5. Can you give a title (题目) to the story
A. A boy called Sun. B. The weather in England.
C. A policeman and a student. D. Family name.
Ⅳ.完成句子
⑴ 从方框中选出适当的单词完成句子
readers, held, by the way, beautiful, no matter who
1. Our school a sports meeting last week.
2. Don’t open the door knocks at it.
3. A lot of thought it was an interesting book.
4. --- , what did the young man rob you of
--- A pair of gold earrings.
5. The clothes were so that Mary couldn’t leave the shop.
⑵用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
major in, play for, take photos, science, friend
1. Which basketball team is Yao Ming these days
2. Stop ! You can’t do that in the museum.
3. Lu Xun medicine before he turned to literature(文学).
4. Be to all your classmates and they like you, too.
5. When I grow up, I want to be a like Stephen Hawking.
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
阅读下面三首小诗,请从A,B,C中找出每首诗的标题并回答问题。
1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________
The New Year is coming,The birds are humming,snow is falling, my mum is calling,Here comes the New Year, What new clothes shall I wear
Gone the ice, gone the snow, Flowers come out in fields below,Green the grass, blue the sky, White the clouds that move on high,Come with me, we will go,Where the pretty flowers grow.We will walk, we will sing,All to welcome the spring.
3. ___________________________
I saw on the snow,When I tried out my skis,The track of a mouse,Beside some trees.Before he reached,His little bright house,He wrote “Merry Christmas”In white, in mouse.
A. Welcome Spring
B. The New Year
C. Merry Christmas
4. Do you like these poems Why or why not
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ．补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。
A: How was your vacation, Li Lei
B: 1 I went to Beijing with my parents.
A: Cool! Where did you go in Beijing
B: We went to the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and so on..
Did you see any popular stars What do you think of Beijing What does Jackie Chan look like I will bring them to school tomorrow.It was great!And I took some photos with him!I went there by plane.
A: 2
B: It’s interesting. I really like the Palace
Museum. It has many beautiful things
from different dynasties.
A: 3
B: Yes, I did. I saw Jackie Chan on the
Great Wall. 4
A: Wow, that’s great! Can you show me
the photos
B: Sure, 5
根据下面对话情景 在每个空中填入适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。
A: Hello! Where are you from
B: 6 . What about you
A: I’m from China.
B: China It’s a very beautiful country.
A: Have you ever been to China alone
B: 7 .
A: When did you go there
B: 8 .
A: What do you think of Chinese food
B: 9 .
A: What kind of them do you like best
B: 10 .
A: If you go to visit China next time, I’ll show you around.
B: That’s great!
Ⅶ 书面表达
以“A Famous Person”为题,介绍一位你了解的名人的情况。词数70左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二部分 新目标英语八年级
第7讲 Book 1 Units 10-12
1. yet adv. 现在还；已经(用于否定和疑问句)
e.g. I don’t think she’s awake yet. 我认为他还没有醒.
Have you heard their new song yet 你已经听过他们那首新歌了吗
[拓展] yet还可作为连词, 意为 “尽管；然而；可是”。
e.g. The story is unbelievable, yet supposedly it’s all true. 这个故事虽然令人难以置信，可是据说完全是真事儿。
[辨析] already, yet和still.
1 already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”。 already有时用于疑问句表示惊讶、
怀疑等语气。
e.g. I have finished reading the book already. 我已经读完这本书了。
2 yet 一般用在疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中意为“已经”，在否定句中意为
“还”，通常放在句末。
e.g. She hasn’t finished her homework yet. 她还没有做完作业。
3 still 意为“仍然；还”，表示某事正在进行中，可用于各种句式，一般只位于
句子中间。
e.g. Do you still teach in that school 你还在那所学校教书吗？
2. hate v. 憎恨；憎恶
e.g. She hates the smell of smoke. 她讨厌烟味。
[辨析] hate to do sth. 和hate doing sth. 二者都意为“讨厌做某事”，在意义上无大差别，
但在具体用法上又有所区别。hate to do sth. 多指讨厌做一次性、具体性的事，而 hate
doing sth.多指讨厌做经常性、习惯性的事。
e.g. I hate to trouble you. 我真不愿意麻烦你。
She hates traveling by air. 她讨厌坐飞机旅行。
[联想] like to do sth. 喜欢做某事（表示具体的某一次的行为或动作）
like doing sth. 喜欢做某事（表示经常性或习惯性的动作）
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事
remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（没有做）
remember doing sth. 记着做过某事（已经做）
forget to do sth.