新目标英语中考第一轮复习9年级英语课本复习(陕西省西安市)

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第三部分 新目标英语九年级
第11讲Units 1-3
1. by prep . ⑴ 通过;靠;用
e.g. I learn English by studying grammar. 我通过研究语法学习英语。
He made a living by begging. 他靠乞讨谋生。
⑵ 被;由
e.g. The rat was killed by Tom with a stick. 那只田鼠被汤姆用棍子打死了。
English is used by people around the world. 世界各地的人们都使用英语。
⑶到……时(为止);不迟于……。
e.g. Can you finish the work by tomorrow morning 明天早上之前你能完成工作吗？
By the ( http: / / www.enun.cn" \l "####更多英语学习资料尽在英语联盟；欢迎访问：英语联盟-www.enun.cn#####" \o " ) time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.
到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语 ( http: / / www.enun.cn" \l "####更多英语学习资料尽在英语联盟；欢迎访问：英语联盟-www.enun.cn#####" \o " )单词。
⑷ 在近旁;在……旁边
e.g. We had a day by the sea. 我们在海边过了一天。
My house is by the river. 我家在河边。
[拓展] by 可作副词，做“在附近”、“从旁经过”解
e.g. He hid the money when nobody was by. 旁边没人的时候，他把钱藏起来了。
He hurried by without a word. 他一句话也没说，匆匆过去了。
[联想] go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去
travel by land / sea / air/day/night 陆上(海上、空中、白天、黑夜)旅行
day by day 一天又一天
little by little 逐渐地，一点一点地
one by one 一个接一个
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步，循序渐进
(all) by oneself 亲自，独自，无须他人帮助
by the way 且说，对了，顺便提一下
pass by 经过
by accident/ mistake 意外地，错误地
by chance 由于机遇，意外地
（learn）by heart / by hard work 用心/勤奋学习
stand by sb. 支持某人
2. either adv. 也，用于否定句句末。
adj. 两者之一
e.g. I don’t like the red one, and I don’t like the pink one, either.
我不喜欢那个红色的，也不喜欢那个粉色的。
Either (one) of shoes fits me well. 两双鞋每一双都很合适我。
[拓展] either 可作连词，用以介绍两个或多个可选择的事物中之第一项,常和or连用。
e.g. He must be either mad or drunk. 他要么疯了，要么醉了。
Please either come in or go; don’t stand in the doorway. 要么进来，要么出去；别站在门口。
[辨析] too, also 和as well (as)
⑴ too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。
e.g. We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。
Do you play soccer every day, too 你也每天踢足球吗？
⑵ also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：
e.g. Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。
She can also speak French. 她也会说法语。
⑶ as well （as）除……之外，同，和，也
e.g. He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
He gave me advice, money as well. 他给我忠告，还给我钱。
3．unless conj if not, except when 除非，如果……不，除非在……的时候
e.g. You will fail unless you work harder. 如果不努力，你会失败的。
Unless bad weather stops me, I go for a walk every day. 我每天都去散步，除非天气不好。
[辨析] unless与until. 均为从属连词, unless表"除非",强调条件,引导条件状语从句;until表"
直到",强调时间的延续,引导时间状语从句。常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. I didn't know the news until my teacher told it to me. 老师说了以后，我才知道了这个消息。
I couldn't know the news unless my teacher told it to me.
如果不是老师告诉我，我不可能知道这个消息。
4. afford: v. 买得起，承担得起。通常与can, could, be able to连用，构成can afford sth /to afford
to do sth
e.g. Can we afford a new car 我们能买得起一辆新车吗？
We can’t afford time（money)to go abroad this summer.
今年夏天我们没时间（钱）出国。
[辨析] afford, offer, provide和serve
⑴ offer作动词的用法: ①提出，提供，开价 to offer sb sth / offer sth to sb / offer (sb) sth for
e.g. They offered him a very good job but he turned it down.
他们给他提供了一份工作，可是他拒绝了。
Offer some tea to the guests. 给客人们上些茶吧。
They have offered us 75,000 pounds for （to buy） the house./ They have offered
the house for 75,000 pounds. 他们给我们开价75，000英镑买这个房子。
②offer to do sth, 主动提出做某事，愿意（做某事）,
e.g. He offered to drive us to the airport, but we preferred to walk there.
他主动提出送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走路去。
The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken.
那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。
They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop.
他们愿出3,000元来买他的笔记本电脑。
△ offer 可作名词：to make an offer (to do)
⑵ provide: v. 提供，供应，供给。 to provide sth for sb/provide( sb )with sth
e.g. If you want to go camping, we can provide you with a tent.
如果你们去野营，我们可以提供给你们一顶帐篷。
⑶ serve: ①侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜);端上to serve sb (with) sth
e.g. She served me with a cup of coffee. / She served a cup of coffer to me.她给我端上一杯咖啡。
Breakfast is served between 7 and 9. 早上7点至9点供应早餐。
②为……工作，供职，服役
e.g. He returned to Greece to serve in the army. 他回希腊服役。
5. death n. 死亡，死神，不可数
e.g. The death of her mother was sudden. 她母亲的死很突然。
[拓展] put to death 处死 worried to death. 担心死了
[辨析] death, die , dead, deadly和dying
⑴ die (died, died) v. 死，死亡，瞬间动词
⑵ dead adj. 死亡的
⑶ deadly adj. 致命的
⑷ dying adj. 奄奄一息的，快死的
e.g. His father died last week. 他父亲上星期去世了。
His father has been dead for a week. 他父亲已经去世一星期了。
She cried out after knowing his husband's death. 知道丈夫死亡的消息后，她失声痛哭。
He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。
Fog is one of the sailor’s deadliest enemies. 雾是水手的死敌之一。
The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady. 那个快死的人被一位善良的女士救了。
6. reply v. 回答,回答说 reply to(sb. /sth. ) 对……作出回答
e.g. “Certainly not,” she said. 她叹了口气，没有回答。
He replied that I could please myself. 他回答说我可以随自己的意思。
He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。
[拓展] reply可做名词，意为“答道”，“回信”，“答复”
e.g. What did he do in reply to your challenge 你提出与他较量，他作何反应
[辨析] reply和answer. 两个词都表示“回答”，都即做名词又做动词。 但是answer比较常用，如：answer the question/ the door/ telephone/ letter, 而reply较正式，经过思考，一一答复问题。除了后面可跟直接引语或宾语从句以外，一般只用作不及物动词，和to连用。
7.study vt. 学习;研究;细看,细察;仔细考虑
e.g. For a year he studied Chinese with me. 他跟我学了一年中文。
I studied him closely. 我仔细地看了看他。
They studied the question carefully before they made the decision.
他们认真研究了这一问题,然后才做出决定。
[拓展] study可做名词，意为 “学习;学科;研究;调查”,还可作“书房”讲，复数形式为studies。
e.g. He gives all his spare time to study. 他把所有的业余时间用来学习。
We are doing a study into how much people spend watching television.
我们正在进行一项研究，调查人们看电视花费的时间。
He has made great progress in his English studies.他在学习英文方面进步很多。
Mr. Smith is reading in his study. 史密斯先生在书房内看书。
[联想] make a study of sth. 对某方面进行研究 scientific studies 科学方面的学科（研究）
[辨析] learn和 study
⑴ learn为“学习，学会”，只作动词用，侧重学习的成果，指从不知到知，从不会到会的学习，强调通过学习去获得知识和技能，它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的意味。亦可指向某人学习，从某处学习及学习一门技能等。
e.g. learn music, learn new words, learn to draw, learn from experience, learn from Lei Feng
⑵ study为“学习，研究”，强调学习的过程，指深入系统地学习，带有努力，勤奋的意味。
其学习对象往往是科学，艺术和需要深入探讨，研究的问题及学科，不是单纯地获得技巧。
e.g. study medicine, study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。
下列句子中的learn 和 study均不能互换：
If you study hard, you'll learn the language well. 如果你努力学习，就会把这门语言学好。
She studied late at night. 她晚上学习到很晚。
⑶ 在指某学科的“学习”时，或在不需要强调两者的区别时, learn 和study可以换用。
e.g. How long have you learned/ studied Japanese 你学习日语有多久了？
8．experience n.经验,体验(不可数) (+of/in)]; 经历,阅历（可数）
e.g. She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。
Have you had any experience of teaching English 你有过教英语的经验吗
Please tell us about your experiences in Africa.请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。
I had a rather strange experience the other day. 前些天我有过一次相当奇怪的经历。
[拓展] experience 可作动词，意为“经历;体验”或“感受;遭受”
e.g. The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year.
去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。
He experienced a pain of sadness.他感到一阵悲痛。
[联想] experienced 有经验的，经验丰富的 inexperienced 没有经验的
9. lonely adj. 除表示“单独”外，还带有感彩，形容失去朋友、缺乏友爱和帮助，感到寂寞，甚至悲哀。它只能作形容词，在句中可作表语，也可作前置定词。lonely用于地点时，意为“荒凉的、偏僻的”。
e.g. There is nothing here but a lonely mountain village. 这里什么也没有，就一个荒凉的山村。
Though the old man is alone，he doesn’t feel lonely.这位老人虽然单身，但并不感到寂寞。
[辨析] alone和lonely . alone强调客观上的“独自、独立、单独一人，没有同伴”，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。alone还可表示“单独地、独自地”，在句中作状语。
e.g. Leave him alone! 别管他！
She likes shopping alone on rainy days. 她喜欢雨天独自购物。
10. importance n. 重要,重大;重要性
e.g. My parents have always taught me the importance of working hard.
父母一直传授我学习的重要性。
The book is of great importance. 这本书很重要。
[联想] with an air of importance 趾高气扬地 important/unimportant adj.
1．end up doing sth 终止做某事，结果是(做)..., 以(做)...而告终。
e.g. We ended up sleeping around the floor after drinking too much last night.
我们昨晚喝了太多酒，最后都在地板上东倒西歪地睡了。
After seeing so many houses, we ended up buying the one on the lakeside.
看了那么多的房子之后, 我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子
[联想]end up with … 以…结束; finish doing 结束做某事；stop doing 停止做某事
e.g. We started with soup, and fruit to end up with. 我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door.
因为有人敲门，我们不得不停下来。
2．be afraid to do sth 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；
e.g. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. 别怕问问题。
The little girl is afraid to be at home alone. 那个小女孩害怕独自在家。
[辨析] be afraid/terrified of , be afraid to和be afraid
⑴ be afraid of 表示“害怕某人（物）”或"生怕，恐怕",是客观上造成的.
e.g. She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕狗。
She was afraid to wake her husband.（怕丈夫发怒）她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. （出于体贴等原因）她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
She is afraid of being late. 她怕迟到。
注：以上两种结构，有时可以互换，意思没有太大差别.
e.g. He's afraid to climb／of climbing that tall tree．他害怕爬那棵高树。
⑵ be afraid 表示“恐怕”，有时也使语气更委婉或表示歉意的回绝，后面常接从句“I’m
afraid+从句”形式（that可省略）
e.g. I’m afraid I can’t come. 恐怕我不能来了。
I’m afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。
[拓展]I’m afraid not. 和I’m afraid so. 常用作简短答语，此处so代表一个肯定句，not代表一
个否定句。
e.g. -Are we late？ 我们迟到了吗？ -I'm afraid so．恐怕是。
-Can you help me？你能帮助我吗？ -I'm afraid not．恐怕不行。
[联想] fear v.& n. frighten v. terrify v.
3．get excited 变得兴奋起来。get此处是系动词
e.g. I get excited about going to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
[拓展] be/ become/ feel excited
[联想] ⑴ get + adj
e.g. get mad 生气 get clear变得清楚了 get cold变凉 get ready 准备好了
⑵ get + 过去分词
e.g. get married结婚 get burnt 烫（烧/晒）伤 get hurt 受伤
get frustrated 变得沮丧 get interested 变得感兴趣 get caught in 陷入困境
4．ask sb. about sth. 询问或打听某人某事
e.g. I’d like to ask Mr Green about my son’s study.
我想问一下格林先生我儿子学习的情况。
[拓展] ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫/要求某人做某事
ask sb. for sth. 向某人要/寻求某物
5. (not)…any more/anymore （不）再，再也（不），用于否定句.
e.g. They don’t live here any more. 他们不住这儿了。
[辨析] (not)…any more / any longer和no longer
(not)…any more 和not…any longer一般用在句末; no longer 一般用在句子中间.
e.g. Ann doesn’t work here any more / any longer. She left last month.
安不在这儿工作了，她上个月离开了。
We used to be good friends but we aren’t any more /any longer.
我们过去是很好的朋友，但现在不是了。
We are no longer friends. 我们不再是朋友了。(不能说：We are no more friends.)
[联想] still
e.g. Sheila still works here but Ann doesn’t work here any more.
Sheila仍然在这儿工作，但是Ann不再在这儿工作了。
6．get sth done 使某物/事被做。此处get为使役动词， sth与 done 存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
e.g. She get her coat washed. 她把外套洗了。
He get his hiar cut. 他理发了。
[拓展] get sb do 使某人做某事，后面接不带to的不定式。sb在这里是做宾语，do后面的成
分做宾语补足语，进一步说明“使役”的具体动作。
e.g. The teacher got the students do some homework. 老师让学生写了些作业。
[联想]使役动词get/ have /make 后面可接动词过去分词、现在分词或不带to的不定式做宾语补足语; 现在分词（doing）作宾补，与sth. /sb. 形成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。
get/ have /make sb do sth 使/让某人做某事
get/ have /make sth done 使/让某事被做
have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人或某物作某事
e.g. The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
7. allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
e.g. Allow me to introduce Miss Mary. 请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。
My father won't allow me to drive. 我爸爸不让我开车。
[辨析] allow和let都表示“让，允许”，但它们的具体用法各有区别。allow多用于正式的英语中，其意“允许”只是“不加阻止”而已。let后可跟副词作宾词补足语，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
e.g.　Let me in. 让我进去。
They let the stranger go/ The stranger was let go. 他们放陌生人走了。
注意:　 let 一般不用于被动式，其被动式一般要改用allow或permit来代替。
e.g. The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. ---->
　 I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院同学。
Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟。
[联想] sb. don't allow doing是可以的，表示“不允许做某事”，不强调宾语。试比较：
We don't allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。
8.used to be/ do 过去常常（与现在形成对照）。
e.g. I used to work hard．我过去常常努力工作。(现在不努力了)
People used to believe the earth was flat．过去人们认为地球是平的。
There used to be a cinema here, didn't there 那儿过去是一家电影院，是吗？
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去不是这么健忘。
[辨析] be/ get/ become used to sth/ doing sth. 习惯于/变得习惯于，used是个分词型形容词to
是介词，因此后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。be强调状态，get/become强调由“不惯”到“习惯于”这一动态的过程。
e.g. He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years．
在那里住两年后，他已习惯了寒冷的天气。
The little boy has been used to the local foods now. 这个小男孩已经习惯了当地的食物。
They got used to living in the countryside．他们已习惯于住在农村。
[联想]有时be used to do是动词use的被动语态，在这种结构里，to是不定式符号。 也可以
使用介词for，即be used for doing
e.g. Wood is often used to make/ for making desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。
1. It's/was + 形容词 + for/ of sb. (not) to do sth. 做某事对...来说......
[精析] 此句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。形容词为brave,
careless, clever, polite, wrong, kind, good, nice, foolish, rude , selfish等描述不定式行为者的性格、品行时，介词用of；形容词只对不定式行为作某种描述，如difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible, necessary 等时，介词用for.
e.g. It wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher. 听懂老师的话并不容易。
It is impossible for him to carry such a big box.== It's impossible that he carries a big box.
搬这么大的一个箱子对他来说是不可能的。
It’s very kind of you to say so. == You're kind to say so. 谢谢你这样说。
[拓展] sb. think /find/ feel it (is)+adj. +for/ of sb. +to do sth. 认为/发现/感觉做某事对于某人
来说…
e.g. I think it’s necessary for us to learn to wait. 我认为学会等待对我们来说是有必要的。
I found it (was) frustrating to watch English movies. 我发现看英语电影很令人沮丧。
He finds it exciting to go bungee jumping. 他发现蹦极是很激动人心。
2. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school. 焦虑会影响我们在校表现。
[精析] 动名词由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1) 作主语。
e.g. Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词。
e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作）
It is no use/ good/ a waste of time arguing with him. 跟他争论没用/没好处/是浪费时间。
It is fun/ hard playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好/很难。
2) 作表语。
e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
3) 作介词、某些形容词、或动词的宾语
常见后面出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语有：advise, allow, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, put off, practice, suggest，give up, can’t stand， cannot help； depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, , be/ get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to， be interested in, thank you for, feel like等。
e.g. He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影很沮丧。
He’s practicing playing the piano. 他正在练习弹钢琴。
We are busy preparing for the sports meeting. 我们正忙着为运动会做准备。
I look forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待很快收到你的来信。
Excuse me for coming late. 抱歉我来迟了。
They make a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists. 他们靠向游客出售纪念品谋生。
What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation 朗读以练习发音如何？
注意：⑴ forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
e.g. I mean to come early today. 我打算今天早些来。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。
⑵ 在allow，advise，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
e.g. We don’t allow smoking here. 我们这儿不允许抽烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许抽烟。
⑶ 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：
e.g. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning/ to be cleaned. 窗户需要清洗。
Her plan is worth trying. 她的计划值的一试。
⑷在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
⑸start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。
e.g. It started to snow. 开始下雨了。
He is beginning to cook dinner. 他开始做饭了。
I began to understand what he meant. 我开始理解了他的意思。
⑹ 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。
4）作定语。 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
drinking water = water that is for drinking
a washing machine = a machine for washing
a reading room = a room for reading
5) 动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。
e.g. His coming made me very happy. 他的到来使我很高兴。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning 小王有希望胜出吗？
Would you mind my/me using your computer 用下你的电脑介意吗？
3．I don’t think fifteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ear pierced.
我认为不应该允许十五岁的孩子扎耳眼儿。
[精析] 含有情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词 + be done
e.g. Everything that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。
Young trees must be watered often. 必须经常给小树浇水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你必须立即改错。
The door may be locked inside. 门可能从里面锁上了
Ⅰ. 单项选择：
1. Some students were afraid _________ in class because they thought their classmates might
laugh at them.
A. of speak 　　 B. to speak 　　 C. speak 　　 D. to speaking
2. She thinks the best way _________ English is ________ English magazines.
A. to learn, read 　B. to learn, by reading C. learning, reading D. learning, to read
3. He was ________ because English grammar is ________.
A. frustrated, frustrated B. frustrating, frustrating
C. frustrated, frustrating D. frustrating, frustrated
4. -----What do you think of your Chinese teacher ----She is always ______ with us .
A. excited 　 B. afraid C. kind 　 D. patient
5. I allow Tina ______ my computer.
A. use B. using C. to use D. uses
6. Young trees should be _________.
A. taken good care B. take good care of
C. looking after well D. well looked after
7. He suddenly came back ____________a cold winter night.
A. on B. at C. in D. of
8. — Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
9. —When shall we meet again —Make it ______ day you like; it's all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some
10. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
Ⅳ. 完成句子
⑴ 从方框中选出适当的单词或短语完成句子
making mistakes， laugh at， practice，memorize， trouble
1. It gives students the opportunity to _______ speaking English.
2. Don’t be afraid of ________ when you learn a foreign language.
3. He has a very good memory and he can ________ all the texts in this textbook.
4. I have so much ________ with writing. I’m never sure where the comma goes in a sentence.
5. Don’t ________ others’ weak points.
⑵ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
improve，be strict with, stay up, feel，dead
1. This kind of paper _______ very soft.
2. The best way ________ your English is to join an English club.
3. Please hurry up, or we’ll be late. Our teacher ______ us.
4. The _____ of her little dog made her really sad.
5. –You look tired. What happened –I _______ too late last night.
Ⅵ．补全对话
A. 根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。
A: Do you think teenagers should be allowed to work late at night
B: No, I don’t think so. 1______________________________ They need to get enough sleep.
A: 2_________________________________________________________
B: Yes, I think so.
A: Do you think teenagers should be allowed to cut their own hair
B: Yes, I think so.3____________________________ It looks cool.
A: Do you think teenagers should be allowed to have many friends
B: 4________________________ They may meet bad people if they have too many friends.
A: Do you think teenagers should be allowed to work on weekends
B: 5 ____________________________ They may spend time with parents on weekends.
It depends on what they do.No, I don’t think so. Oh, I disagree.I don’t think they should be allowed to work late at night.Do you think teenagers should be allowed to disagree with their teachers Teenage boys never get tired. I kind of like my own style.
B. 根据下面对话情景 在每个空中填入适当的语句， 使对话恢复完整
A: Hi, Bill! You’re reading the novel again.
B: Yes, Tom. I’ll never be tired of it.
A: 6____________________________________
B: Three times. Every time I read it, I can always learn something new.
A: Really 7__________________________________________________
B: Charles Dickens. I think he is a great English writer. What about you
A: 8__________________________________________. He is also my favorite foreign writer.
Please let me have a look at it.
B: OK, here you are! What do you think of this novel
A: 9__________________________________. I haven’t seen such a novel for long. Where did
you buy it
B: In the Rose Bookshop.
A: I don’t know where it is. 10______________________________________
B: No. Only 10 minutes walk from here, next to the People’s Cinema.
A: Oh, I see. I’m going there to get one, too. Thank you!
B:You’re welcome!
Ⅱ. 完型填空
Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle. They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran ___1__ quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like ___2__ you to a wonderful palace now.”?
The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he __3__ the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him __4 _ . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very ___5 everything.
After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, __6_ you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.
After he __7_ , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.__8 __ the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m __9___ now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face __10 an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.
（ ）1. A. through B. away C. into D. out
（ ）2. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite
（ ）3. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away
（ ）4. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner
C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner
（ ）5. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for
（ ）6. A. so B. or C. but D. as
（ ）7. A. went back to home B. was back home
C. went back to the sea D. was back the sea
（ ）8. A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprising
C. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise
（ ）9. A. a poor man B. a rich man
C. an old man D. a young man
（ ）10. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin was walking around the shining car．“Is this your car，Paul？”he asked．
Paul answered，“Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised．“You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing？Boy，I wish…” He hesitated．
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,” the boy went on，“that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car？”
“Oh yes，I'd love that．”
After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，“Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house？”
Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted．He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are？” the boy asked．
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
注：urchin 顽童 hesitate 犹豫 neighbour 邻居 crippled 残疾 cent 美分
（ ）1．The street urchin was very surprised when ________．
A．Paul received an expensive car
B．Paul told him about the car
C．he saw the shining car
D．he was walking around the car
（ ）2．From the story we can see the urchin ________．
A．wished to give his brother a car
B．wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C．wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D．wished Paul could be a brother like that
（ ）3．The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________．
A．to show his neighbours the big car
B．to show he had a rich friend
C．to let his brother ride in the car
D．to tell his brother about his wish
（ ）4．We can infer（推断）from the story that ________．
A．Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B．the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C．the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D．the urchin's wish came true in the end
（ ）5．The best name of the name story is _________．
A．A Christmas Present
B．A Street Urchin
C．A Brother Like That
D．An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
你知道外国学生怎样度假吗？请你读一读下面的介绍，并根据你读到的信息填空。
Take A Learning Vacation
Now are you spending your next vacation No plans Then how about going to an overseas English language school, for example in the United States or the United Kingdom Many schools offer short courses for students of all ages, from seven to seventy years old!
There are schools in small country towns, on college campuses, or in the middle of big cities. Foreign students can stay in school buildings or with local families. Living with a family can be fun and can really help you learn.
Just think---you’ll get at least two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
Classes are usually small with eight to ten students. Most afternoons you’ll have a choice of swimming, soccer and other outdoor games. The schools also arrange activities like day trips to museums and amusement parks. You’ll have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time!
Schools Families
1. Living in small towns or in the middle of big cities ________________________ can be fun and can help you learn
2. Classes are _____________________________________________________ .
3. Activities in the afternoon include _____________________________________________
and day trips to museums and amusement parks.
4. You have _________________________________________with native speakers of English!
5． You have a chance to ______________________________________ at the same time !
Ⅶ 书面表达
假设你叫王明，昨天收到了美国的笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久后要到北京来学习中文，他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。（信的开头和结尾给出，其字数不计入所完成的短文内）
根据中文大意，写出意思连贯，符合逻辑，不少于80词的短文。
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
第12讲Units 4-6
1. worry vt. 使担心,使发愁；担心,发愁; vi. 忧虑,担心[(+about/over)]
e.g. Nothing worries me. 我没有什么可担心的。
The teacher worried that these problems might be too hard for her students.
老师担心这些题目会对学生太难。
Don't worry how much you spend on the trip. 别担心花多少钱用于旅行。
Don't worry about me. 别担心我。
She worried over her father's health. 她为父亲的健康担忧。
[拓展] worry可做名词，意为“ 烦恼;焦虑;担心；令人发愁的事(或人)”
e.g. Mother's illness was always a great worry to me.
母亲的病一直是我非常担心的事。
[联想] worried adj. 担心的,发愁的[(+about)][+that]
e.g. a worried mother/ look （感到）焦虑的妈妈/ 神情
worry about/ be worried about 对某事感到担心
People are becoming increasingly worried about pollution. 人们对污染越来越感到忧虑。
2. nearby adj. 附近的
e.g． The cinema nearby can seat 1,000 people. 附近那家电影院可容纳一千名观众。
She is staying at a nearby hotel. 她住在附近一家旅馆里。
[拓展] nearby 可做副词，意为“在附近”。
e.g. She lives nearby. 她住在附近。
He gave up his seat on the bus to an old woman standing nearby.
他乘公共汽车时把座位让给了站在他身边的老太太。
3. drop v.使滴下; 丢下,扔下;降低
e.g. She dropped some lemon juice into her tea. 她在茶里滴了几滴柠檬汁。
I dropped the letter into the mail-box. 我将信投入信箱。
[辨析] drop和fall都可以表示人或物从高处掉到低处，有相同之处，也有不同之处。
1）drop和fall都可作不及物动词，表示“掉下、落下”；也可表示气温、价格“下降”，此时，
它们可互换。
e.g. An apple dropped ／fell from the tree． 苹果从树上掉下来了。
The glass dropped ／fell on the ground．杯子掉在了地上。
The temperature has suddenly dropped ／fallen． 温度已突然下降。
The price of tomatoes has dropped ／fallen by five cents．西红柿的价格，已经降了五分钱。
2）drop也可用作及物动词，意为“使……掉下”，而fall不能。表示无意或故意“掉下”某物，
或故意“跌倒”时，用drop，不用fall。
e.g The runner dropped his stick on the ground．运动员不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。
He dropped his shoes on the floor．他把鞋扔在地上。
3） fall可用连系动词，意为“变得”，后常接形容词asleep，ill等作表语。
e.g. She fell ill as soon as she got to London．她一到伦敦就生起病来。
4. author n. someone who writes books.
e.g. Mark Twain is his favorite author. 马克·吐温是他最喜爱的作家。
[辨析] author 和writer 均有“作者，作家”之意。author泛指用自己名字或笔名发表过作品的人，不强调是否以写作为主职业。writer: someone who writes books, stories etc, especially as a job. 含义广泛，一般指以写作为职业的人。
e.g. I want to be a writer when I grow up. 长大了我想当个作家。
5. prefer vt. 及物动词prefer相当于like sth. better, 意思是“宁愿; 较喜欢”, 现在分词、过去式要双写-r,再加-ing, -ed，即preferring, preferred, preferred。用法较为灵活, 其主要用法归纳如下:
① prefer + n. / pron. / doing / sth. 喜欢某人或某物; 宁愿做某事
e.g. Which subject do you prefer, English or maths 英语和数学,你更喜欢哪一科
He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。
I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。
Mr. Brown preferred spending his spare time doing some reading.
布朗先生比较喜欢用业余时间读书。
② prefer ... to ... 喜欢……而不喜欢……；宁愿……而不愿……. 其中to是介词, 不是动词不定式符号。
e.g. He prefers English to Chinese. 比起汉语他更喜欢英语。
He prefers swimming to surfing. 同冲浪相比,他更喜欢游泳。
③ prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
e.g. prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week.
我宁愿你们下周抽出点时间来看看我们的美术展。
④ prefer to do ... rather than (to) do ... 宁愿……而不愿……
e.g. Rather than go on holiday to the seaside I prefer to work days and go to school nights.
我宁愿白天工作, 晚上上学, 而不愿到海边度假。
⑤ prefer that sb. (should) do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
在that引导的宾语从句中,我们应当用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,其中的should可以省略。
e.g. We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我们希望每位新生修一门理科课程。
I prefer that someone else should do this. 我觉得还是让别人来做这件事比较好。
⑥ prefer sth. (or sb.)+adj.
e.g. I prefer the door open. 我宁愿门开着。
I prefer my coffee black. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡
[辨析] prefer是"比较喜欢,更喜欢"的意思,即like better, 因此就不能再与better, more等比较级词语连用。 后接不定式时与rather than 或instead of连用。
e.g. He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He preferred to die instead of stealing.
他宁死也不去偷窃。
[拓展] ⑴ would rather do是英语中常见的一个惯用句式（美国英语中多用 had rather）。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态变化，它是一个情态助动词。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意谓“宁可……”、“宁愿……”、“最好……”。
e.g. He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
　 I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
⑵ would rather与than连用，可构成另一个惯用句式，即：“ would rather...than....”, 意谓“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”、“与其……不如……”。
e.g. I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
　　 The children would rather walk there than take a bus.
孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不乘公共汽车。
⑶ 在使用“would rather...than...”句型时，应注意以下几点：
①than 后边也应接动词原形, 但如该句型前后连接的两个动词相同，则 than之后的那个动词可省去。
e.g. I’d rather you know that now than later on. 我宁可你现在就知道这件事，而不是以后。
②would rather...than...也可写成 “would...rather than...”,其用法及含义不变。
e.g. She would stay at home rather than go for a walk. 她宁可待在家里，而不愿去散步。
③ 有时，为表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。
e.g. Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.
　　 我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。
④ would rather后也可跟从句，这时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
e.g. I’d rather she set out to do the work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。
I’d rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。
　　I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。
　
6. interest vt. 使发生兴趣;引起...的关心
e.g. Chemistry interests him. 他对化学感兴趣。
He interested me in history. 他使我对历史发生兴趣。
[拓展] interest可做名词，意为“兴趣，爱好”
lose interest 失去兴趣
take an interest in 对…产生兴趣
show interest in 表现出兴趣
have no interest in对…没兴趣
places of interest 名胜
[辨析] interest, interesting和interested
interest用作名词（不可数）时意为“兴趣”、“趣味”；用作动词时意为“使（人）发生兴趣”，其主语多为事物。 interesting是形容词，意为“有趣味的”、“引起兴趣的”，着重于主动意味，可作表语或定语。能修饰人，也能修饰物。interested也是形容词，意为“感兴趣的”“对……有兴趣的”，着重于被动意味，其主语一般为人，且多在系动词be，get，become等后作表语。
e.g. Music and dancing are his interests. 音乐和跳舞是他的兴趣。
The work is of great interest. 这工作很有趣。
This new TV play is very interesting．这部新电视剧很有趣。
He’s a most interesting man． 他是个很有趣的人。
At the age of eight, the girl became interested in drawing. 八岁时，这女孩就对画画感兴趣。
7. main 主要的,最重要的
e.g. She noted down the main points of the speech. 她把演说的要点记了下来。
[辨析] mainly adj. 主要地;大部分地
e.g. The readers were mainly young people. 读者大部分是年轻人。
You are mainly to criticize. 主要应该批评你。
8．suit vt.& vi.适合,中...的意；使合适;使适应[(+to)]
e.g. Would Friday morning suit you 星期五早上对你合适吗
The plan suited us both. 这个计划对我们两人都合适。
This dress suits you beautifully. 这件衣服你穿非常合适。
Will that time suit to you 这时间对你合适吗
[拓展] suit可做名词，意为“(一套)衣服”
e.g. I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西装。
[辨析] match / fit / suit v.
如果事物很相似，放在一起看上去很协调，可以说它们match（相配）；如果某件东西对某人或其他东西fits(正适合)，这件东西对其不大也不小； 如果衣服或其他个人物品的式样、颜色等正适合某人，可以说suit。
e.g. Your socks don’t match. 你那两只袜子不是一双。
These shoes fit me well. 这双鞋很合我的脚。
A green dress won’t suit you. 绿色连衣裙不适合我。
[联想] be suitable for/ to do sth. 适合某人/ 做某事
be fit for/ to do sth 适合某人/ 做某事
9. suggest vt. 建议,提议[+v-ing][+(that)][+wh-]
e.g. If this is not convenient, please suggest another date.
要是这个日期不方便，那就请另选一个日子吧。
John suggested going together in one car. 约翰建议大家同一辆汽车去。
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday. 我建议我们星期天去公园。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day. 牙医建议她改天再来。
[拓展] v. 暗示;启发[+(that)]
e.g. Her expression suggested pleasure. 她面露喜色。
1. not …in the slightest 毫不，一点也不： not at all
e.g. I do not like eating apple in the slightest. 我一点儿也不喜欢吃苹果.
You didn't embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没有让我难堪。
2. plenty of+可数n./不可数 很多的、大量的、足够的，一般用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句用many, much或enough替代。
e.g. We have plenty of food（money /water /time, etc.）.
我们有充足的食物（钱、水、时间等）。
Take as much as you like --- there’s plenty more.
你想拿多少就拿多少，多着呢！
There is plenty of rain this summer. 今年夏天雨水充足。
[辨析] many+可数名词的复数 much+不可数名词的复数
a great many + 可数名词复数
a great/ large number of + 可数名词复数
a great/ large sum of　一笔(加不可数名词)
a lot of/lots of 许多 可以修饰不可数和可数名词。
3. belong to 属于, “是……的财产”、“是……的组成部分”，或“是……的成员"。
e.g. Who does this umbrella belong to 这把伞是谁的
Those dictionaries belong to me. 那些字典是我的。
[辨析] belong to后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格；后接名词时，不能用所有格。不用于被动语态或进行时。
e.g. The house belonged to his uncle/ him/ me. 这所房子属于他叔叔/ 他/ 我。
The house is owned by his uncle/ him /me. 这所房子被他叔叔/ 他/ 我所拥有。
The house is his uncle's/ his/ mine. 这所房子是他叔叔的。
4．because of “因为，由于”，在句中仅作状语，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
e.g. Because of the storm he didn't go there. 因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。
I didn't go to school because of my illness. 因为生病我没去上学。
Because of the fog, all the flights were stopped. 由于雾，所有的航班都停飞了。
I love you not because of who you are but because of who I am when I am with you.
我爱你不是因为你的身份，而是因为我跟你在一起时我的样子。
[辨析] because， because of 和 thanks to because+句子；because of+名词/ 名词性短语； thanks to + 名词/ 名词性短语，表示"幸亏，多亏,由于"，多放于句首。
比较He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了，所以没来。
He didn’t come because of illness. 由于生病，他没来。
I can’t go there because it is dark. 我不能去那儿，因为天黑了。
I can’t go there because of the dark. 由于天黑，我不能去那儿。
He is late because the traffic is bad. 因为交通堵塞，所以他来晚了。
He is late because of the bad traffic. 由于塞车，他晚了。
Thanks to the teacher, or we can't finish the work. 多亏了老师，否则我们不能完成工作。
Thanks to the rain, we had to stay at home all day long. 由于下雨，我们不得不整天呆家。
5．use up 用光;耗尽
e.g. We have used up all the paper. 我们把纸全用完了。
Don’t use up all the hot water. 别把热水都用完。
[辨析] run out (of) 和 use up 这两个词组都有“用完，耗尽”的意思。
run out 动副型短语动词，作不及物动词，表示“被用完了（become used up)”的被动含义，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。
e.g. His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花完了。
Food had run out towards the end of the trip. 在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
run out of 是三个词组成的短语动词，作及物动词用，后接宾语，表示“用完(use up)”的主动含义，主语只能是人。run out of还有“从（某处）流出（跑出）”的意思；run out也有“流出，跑出”的意义，但其后不能接宾语。
e.g. He ran out of gas a mile from home. 他在离家还有一英里的地方把汽油用完了。
My car has run out of gas. 我的车没油了。
He ran out of the room. 他跑出了房间。
We ran him out of town. 我们把他驱逐出镇子
6．(in) an ocean of/ (in) oceans of 介词短语，口语中常用，意思是“极多的，用不尽的”，of后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。
e.g. He thinks he has oceans of time. 他觉得他有用不完的时间。
7. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事，使想起, 使记起
e.g. I reminded John of his lessons.我提醒约翰去上课。
The story reminds me of an experience I once had.这个故事使我想起我的一次亲身经历。
This music reminds me of my childhood. 这首曲子使我想起了我的童年。
[拓展] remind that/ remind sb (not) to do / remind sb about
e.g. Please remind me to buy some stamps. 请提醒我买邮票。
I will call to remind her that we are having a meeting at 8.我会打电话提醒她我们8点开会。
We have to remind the travelers that there may he something dangerous if they swim.
我们必须提醒游客如果他们游泳的话，会有危险。
Will you remind me about that appointment 请提醒我那个约会好吗？
8．be important to sb 某事对某人很重要
e.g. Money is not really important to me. 钱对我而言并不重要。
Spending time with family and friends is important for us.
花时间和家人、朋友在一起对我们很重要。
Even one dollar is so important to him at the moment.
眼下即使是一美元对他来说也是那么的重要。
This book is very important to our teacher. 这本书对于我们老师来说很重要
[辨析] It is important (for sb) to do sth. 做某事对某人来讲很重要
此句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
e.g. It's very important for us to study a foreign language well. 学好一门外语对我们很重要。
It is important for me to have a good sleep every night. 对我来说，晚上休息好很重要。
还可说：It's good for people to do morning exercise. 晨练对人是有好处的。
It's dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 小孩们穿越繁忙的街道很危险。
9．be sure to do sth 务必做某事，请一定做某事；某事一定会发生
e.g. It is sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。
You’re sure to fail if you do it that way. 如果你那么做肯定要失败的。
Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信告诉我你的消息。
[拓展] 1) be sure of / about (doing) sth./ that 对……有把握
e.g. Are you sure of passing the exam 你有把握通过考试吗？ 　　
I'm not sure about English grammar. 我对英语语法没有把握。 　　
I'm not sure that he will pass the exams. 我不确信他会通过考试。 　
2）make sure查明;设法确保,确定
e.g. You must make sure of the time and place. 你必须把时间和地点弄清楚。
Make sure to turn off the lights and lock the door before you leave. 走之前确定关灯，锁门。
1. If I were you, I’d take a small present.
[精析] 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
1) 在简单句中，表“祝愿，命令”。
e.g. May you be happy！祝你幸福！
May the friendship between us last long！ 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！你出去！
2) 在宾语从句中。 动词 wish, suggest, order, would rather等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，从句中的动词表示的只是一种愿望、要求，"should" 可省略。
e.g. (How) I wish I could fly/ were a bird！ 我(多)希望我能飞翔(是一只鸟)！
I wish he hadn't done that. 我真希望他还没做那件事。
I wish I would be rich in the future. 我真希望我以后会很富有。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿似的。
I would rather you did this instead of me. 我宁愿这是你做的，而不是我。
He suggested that we (should)　go there by taxi. 他建议我们打车去那儿。
　 He ordered that our class （should ）be divided into five groups.
他要求我们的班分成五个小组。
3) 在主语从句中。 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... "及 “It is （about / high） time that ．．．”中，从句中的谓语动词用“should + 原形” 或过去式。
e.g. It's necessary that we should have a rest now. 我们有必要现在休息一下。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 我该回家了。
4) 在状语从句中。 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 had done should/ would/ could/ might/ have done
现在 were/did should/ would/ could/ might do
将来 should do/ were /were to do should/ would/ could/ might do
e.g. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早点起床，就已经赶上火车了。
If I were you, I shouldn’t buy it. 如果我是你，我不会买它的。
What would you do if you had a million dollars 如果你有100万，你会做什么？
If it were fine tomorrow, I might go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我可能去买东西。
注意：只有在非真实条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。比较：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo. 如果明天天气好，我们将去动物园。（真实）
（2）If I were you , I would go at once. 如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。（非真实）
2. What if… 如果…怎么办 倘使……将会怎样 即使……又有什么要紧 固定搭配，
引导带条件从句的疑问句。相当于What will/ would happen if …
e.g. What if I don’t know anyone at the party 万一在派对上我一个人都不认识呢？
What if it is true 如果这是真的又该如何呢？
= what will happen if it is true
What if you were in my place 要是你处于我的地位你会怎么办？
= What would you do if you were in my place 　
3. It might belong to Alice. She studies French.
[精析] 1） 情态动词表推测。 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测。could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。 must最强（一定、想必）， can（可能）， could（可能），may（可能），might最弱（可能）。其中，must只用于肯定句，may/ might一般不用于疑问句，could可用于各种句式，而can多用于否定句、疑问句，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示，指“不可能”；may / might not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。
e.g. Swimming in the river can be very dangerous. 在这条河里游泳可能会非常危险。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
下面两组对话很好地体现了以上含义：
① A: Look! Someone is coming．Who can it be 瞧，有人来了。会是谁呢
B: It may be the headmaster．可能是校长。
A: It can't be him. He has gone to the USA. 不可能是他。他去美国了。
B: Then it must be Mr. Zhang．He looks like the headmaster．
那一定是张老师。他和校长看起来很像。
② A：What can they be arguing about 他们会吵些什么呢
B：You can go and ask him, but he may not answer you． 你可以去问他，但他可能不回答你。
2）时态用法如下：
① 情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测。
e.g. I don't know where she is, she may be in her office.
He may/ might come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。
He may/ might know it.他可能知道这事。
—Are you coming to Jeff's party 你去杰夫的聚会吗？
—I'm not sure. I might go to the concert instead. 我不肯定。我可能会去音乐会
② 情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
e.g. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
He may/ might be waiting for you now.他可能正在等你。
He may/ might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow.
明天你到那里时，他可能会在等着你。
③ 情态动词+动词完成时。表示对已完成或过去情况的推测。
e.g. He may/ might have arrived in Beijing by now. 现在他可能已到达北京了。
　　We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
　　明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
He might have seen the film yesterday. 昨天他可能已看了那部影片了。
④ 情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
e.g. Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
He might have been waiting for you when you phoned him.
你给他打电话时，他可能已在等你了。
4. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.
[精析] There be句型的基本形式为“There be＋代词或名词（短语）＋地点／时间状语”。这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词（短语）是主语。可以根据表达的需要, 在There与be之间用上恰当的情态动词can, may, must, should, will等，构成: There will /may/must/can/ …. be...:
e.g. There will/ is going to be an interesting talk on English next week.
下个星期有个关于英语方面的有趣报告。
My watch doesn’t work, there may be something wrong with it.
我的手表不走了，可能出了故障。
There have been great changes in China in the past twenty years.
在过去20年里中国发生了巨大变化。
除此之外，还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”，即“There be ＋sb．＋doing sth．＋地点／时间状语”。
e.g. There are several children swimming in the river．河里有几个孩子在游泳。
There has been someone waiting for you. 有个人一直在等你。
There must be someone singing in the next room. 一定有人在隔壁唱歌
[拓展] there be 结构的其它变化：
1) There used/seem/ happen/appear to be …
e.g. There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。
There appeared/ seemed to be nobody willing to help.看来没人愿意帮忙。
There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。
There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过。
There doesn't seem to be much hope.好象没有太大的希望。
2) There live/ stand/ exist/ remain/ come/ enter/ follow… 等。
e.g. Long, long ago, there lived a king. 很久很久以前，有一个国王。
Then there came a knock at the door. 然后有人敲门。
There followed a terrible noise. 然后是传来了可怕的声音。
Suddenly there entered a strange man. 突然进来了一个奇怪的人。
3) 其它特殊表达方式：
① There is no use /good doing 做某事是没有用的，没有必要的
e.g. There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。
There is no good/use going there. 去那儿是没有好处的。
② There is no need to do 没有必要做某事
e.g. There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。
There is no need to give him so much money. 没有必要给他那么多的钱。
5. I like music that I can sing along with.
[精析]ⅰ. 定语从句及相关术语 （第一部分）
（1) 定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面；
（2) 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，又分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和关系副词（where, when, why等）。常有3个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当一定成分。
ⅱ. 各个关系代词的用法：
1) 指人：who, whom, whose, that
（1）作主语（who, that ）
e.g. Those who are going to play in the match are supposed to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch.
那些参加比赛的人午饭后1：30在大门口集合。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor.
正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。
（2）作宾语包括作介词宾语（whom, that ）, 此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。
e.g. This is just the man (whom/that) I want for the job.
这正是我要的做这份工作的人。
Is he the man (whom/that) you are looking for 他是你在找的那个人吗？
（3）当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不能用that或 who，也不能省略，
e.g. The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。
Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago.
你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁？
This is the bike for which I paid $ 100. 这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。
I know the girl from whose house the music is coming.
我认识那个从她家传出音乐声的女孩子。
△ 但是当介词放在从句末尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that/ who , 并且可以
省略。上两句可改为：
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talking with a moment ago
注意：含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。
2) 指物：which和that
（１）作主语
e.g. This is the instruction book which/that tells you how to operate the computer.
这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明书。
（２）作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略：
e.g. The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。
The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII.
我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。
This is the pen (which/ that) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的那支笔。
3) whose 和of which 指代人或物，作定语。of which 可用whose 代替；
e.g.The car whose lights (of which the lights/ the lights of which) were all broken was my
father’s. 那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
The classroom whose door (the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired.
那个门坏了的教室将很快被修理。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/ the cover of which ) was broken.
这就是那本封皮破了的书。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个父亲是医生的朋友。
I once lived in a room whose window faces the sea. 我曾经住在一间面朝大海的房间里。
4) 关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语。
whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
e.g. Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to pass the exam.
Peter 是那个人人都认为不能通过考试的人。
The man on the way to the stop who/whom you met just now is my friend.
你刚才碰到的那个人是我朋友。
5) 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：
e.g. These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets
你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗？
6) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
① 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
e.g. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
e.g. Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
② 当先行词被序数词修饰
e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
③ 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.
④ 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时; (当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who)
e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
⑤ 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
e.g. Who is the man that is standing there
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
⑥ 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
e.g. Can you remember the writer and his book that we have read
Ⅰ. 单项选择：
1. --- Ｍay I go swimming now --- No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t 　　 B. may not 　　 C. couldn’t 　　 D. needn’t
2. --- Excuse me. Where is the zoo
--- Sorry, I don’t know. Ask that policeman. He _____ know.
A. shall 　 B. may 　　 C. need 　　 D. would
3. --- Must I finish my homework now --- No, you _________. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t 　　 B. can’t 　　 C. may not 　　 D. needn’t
4. --- Tom, where is your father --- I’m not sure. He_______ in his office.
A. is 　　 B. may be 　　 C. maybe 　　 D. may
5. There are many tall buildings on ____ sides of the street .
A. each B. every C. both D. either
6. That is a watch of ____ .
A. his B. him C. my D. me
7. If they were here, they _____________ you.
A. will help B. would help C. may help D. helped
8. I _____ singing to dancing .
A. like B. enjoy C. love D. prefer
9. He has a friend who ____ the piano very well .
A. play B. playing C. plays D. played
10. We will have a _____ holiday after the exam .
A. two month B. two-month C. two-months D. two months
Ⅳ.完成句子
⑴ 从方框中选出适当的单词完成句子
belong to, neighbor, medical research, suggested, energy
1. She used to be a girl full of _______________.
2. The expression on her face _______________ she didn’t quite understand.
3. If I had a million dollars, I would give it to the ___________________.
4. Whose does this dictionary _______________
5. I happened to meet my _____________ in the street this afternoon.
⑵用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
she, worry, photo, monkey, knowledge
1. His father is a very ___________ person. Whenever I ask him something, he gives me an aswer.
2. I like taking photos. I want to be a _________________ when I grow up.
3. I used to see a lot of ____________ in the zoo.
4. We would like the new student to introduce _____________ to the class.
5. The ___________ parents are still looking for their lost daughter.
Ⅵ．补全对话
A. 根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。
(M=Miss Wu L=Li Gang)
What about this one You can't keep the book for long. Another English storybook Isn't it interesting Oh But I know you are good at English.Did you enjoy the book Yes, they are really small.
M: Can I help you
L: Yes, I'd like to return this book, please.
M: 1___________________________________________________.
L: No, I couldn't read it. I had a hard time reading a few pages, and then I decided to give up.
M: 2___________________________________________________.
L: It wasn't the language. It was the words. They are too small for me.
M: 3____________________________. What can I do for you then
L: Well, I'd be glad if you could find me another book.
M: 4_____________________________________.
L: Yes, but one with bigger words.
M: 5_______________________________________.
L: Oh, Oliver Twist. This one is fine. And the words are much bigger. Thank you very much.
M: You're welcome.
B. 根据下面对话情景 在每个空中填入适当的语句， 使对话恢复完整
Kate: Hello! 6______________________
Mrs. Read: I’m sorry. Ann isn’t here right now. 7____________________________
Kate: This is Kate.
Mrs. Read: She isn’t back yet. 8_______________________________________
Kate: That’s very kind of you. I’m calling to ask her if she is free tomorrow. It’s March 12th,
Tree Planting Day tomorrow. And 9___________________.
Mrs. Read: I think she’ll be very glad to join you.
Kate: We’ll meet at the school gate at 7:00. 10_________________________.
Mrs. Read: OK. I’ll let her know.
Kate: Many thanks. Goodbye.
Mrs. Read: Goodbye.
Ⅱ完型填空
One of Charlie Chaplin’s most famous films was “The Gold Rush”. The film was set in California in the middle of the _1 century. At that time, gold was discovered in California and thousands of people _2 there to look for gold, so it became _3 as “the gold rush”. People said gold could _4 be picked up by washing sand from the river in a pan of water. This was known as “panning for gold”.
In the film, Chaplin and his friend are in California. So far, they have been _5 in their search for gold and have no money at all. They _6 in a snow storm in a small wooden house. They have 7 They are so hungry that they 8 a pair of shoes, by boiling them in a pan of water. Chaplin sits down _9 the table and eats the shoe. He makes it seem as if this is one of the _10 meals that he has ever enjoyed.
（ ）1.A．nineteen B．ninetieth C．nineteenth D．ninth
（ ）2.A．went B．left C．climb D．found
（ ）3.A．famous B．known C．wonderful D．great
（ ）4.A．hard B．easily C．difficulty D．slowly
（ ）5.A．unhappy B．unsuccessfully C．unlucky D．unluckily
（ ）6.A．have got B．meet C．are caught D．live
（ ）7.A．a little food B．some water C．nothing D．nothing to eat
（ ）8.A．wear B．cook C．make D．mend
（ ）9.A．at B．by C．near D．beside
（ ）10.A．biggest B．dearest C．cheapest D．most delicious
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
The favorite food in the United States is the hamburger. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurant, people order their food, wait a few minutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurant, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.
There are many kinds of fast food restaurant in the United States. The greatest in number sell hamburger, French fries and so on. They are popular among Americans. Besides, fast food restaurant that serve Chinese food, Mexican food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice-cream are very many. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.
Fast food restaurant are popular because they reflect( 反映 ) American life style. Customer can wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone prepares it. In fast food restaurant, food is not expensive. Therefore, people often buy and eat at a fast restaurant, while they may not be able to go to a more expensive restaurant very often.
（ ）1. In the United States the favorite food is ____.
A. Chinese food B. Mexican food C. French fries D. the hamburger
（ ）2. Americans like to fast food restaurant because_____.
A. they can easily find fast food restaurant
B. they like to eat hamburger and French fries.
C. they are too busy to want to spend time preparing or waiting.
D. they are so rich that they don’t want to do cooking themselves.
（ ）3. _____ of fast food restaurant sell hamburger, French fries.
A. All B. Most C. Few D. None
（ ）4. The food in fast food restaurant is ____ ready before the customers order it.
A. always B. usually C. seldo