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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
主备人： Wu jia
Teaching objectives (教学目标)
1．Help students to learn and understand the passage.
2．Get students to learn and grasp the important sentences.
3．Improve the students’ ability to use some important expressions.
Teaching important points (教学重点)
1．To improve students’ ability----speaking and writing.
2．To learn some important sentences.
Teaching period (教学课时)
The third period.
Explanations for some sentences(重难点句子讲解)
1． When you have come to a conclusion, fill in the chart below.
如果你已经得出结论，请填写下面的表格。
【导学】
⑴ come to为动词短语，可译为“来到，碰到，得出，谈及”
When I come to a word I don’t know, I look it up in the dictionary.
What conclusions did you come to
⑵ come to还可表示“苏醒过来、恢复知觉”。
In a few moments，she suddenly came to.
过了一会儿，她突然苏醒过来。
Mary found herself in a hospital when she came to herself.
come to oneself恢复知觉
⑶ come to也可译为“逐渐……，终于”(经过一个过程)
You’ll come to know what I said in time.
⑷ come to还可作“谈到，涉及，达到”讲。
That all comes to fifty dollars exactly.
When it come to… “当谈及……”
2．An archaeologist (A) is showing them around.
一位考古学家(A)带领他们四处参观。
【导学】
show sb around/over带领某人参观，四处转转
The director will show the students around the factory himself.
厂长要亲自带领学生们参观工厂。
Yesterday I showed my parents around our college.
昨天我领我的父母参观了我们学院。
show的相关动词短语：
show sb／sth off显示……的优点，炫耀
show up出现／席，露面／头
show．．．out/in/into领……出去/进人
show．．．to 把……带到……
Only three of the people we invited to the party didn't show up.
我们邀请出席聚会的人中只有三人没到。
Let me show you over／around our school.
让我带领你们参观我们学校。
The guards showed the visitors out.
警卫把客人送了出去。
3．Welcome to Zhoukoudian Caves here in China．
欢迎来到中国周口店猿人遗址。
【导学】 welcome
⑴ vt.“欢迎，高兴迎接”之意。
The Queen welcomed the President as he got off the plane．
The heroes were warmly welcomed by the masses．
英雄们受到了群众的热烈欢迎。
⑵ welcome也可用作名词，意为“欢迎、款待”，为可数名词。
They gave us a warm welcome．他们热烈欢迎我们。
The president of the college extended a warm welcome to the visiting professor．
院长向来访的教授表示热烈的欢迎。
【注意】welcome是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是welcomed
welcomed，“欢迎某人做某事”不能说welcome sb to do sth.而说sb. Be
welcome to do sth.(welcome在这儿为形容词“受欢迎的”。
误：We welcome foreign friends to visit China.
正：Foreign friends are welcome to visit China.
我们欢迎外国朋友来中国参观。
4．I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here
很抱歉打断你一下,但他们怎么可能在这儿住过呢
【导学】
interrupt为动词，可作“打断”“打扰”解释，可跟名词、代词或不定式，也可用于被动语态。
Please don’t interrupt me while I am writing.我在写作时请不要打扰我。
Don’t interrupt the speaker, ask questions afterwards．
不要打断演讲人,等他讲完话再提问题。
Don’t interrupt me while 1 am busy．
Their talk was interrupted by the coming of their old schoolmates．
interrupt也可作“中断、阻碍”来讲。
eg.Traffic was interrupted by floods．交通被洪水阻断了。
A fire broke out and interrupted our lessons．
【辨析】interrupt与disturb
作“打扰”解释时,两词意思基本相同，如我们可以说：I’m sorry to interrupt you.亦可说I’m sorry to disturb you.当作其他解释时，interrupt有“阻碍”“中断’之意，而disturb是“弄乱”、“打乱(计划)”等。
如：Don’t disturb my thing。(别弄乱我的东西)。
Those buildings are so high that they interrupt the view.
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause．
5．So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．
如果不考虑寒冷这个因素，我们推定他们曾在这些洞穴住过是有道理的。
【导学】
regardless of是“不顾．不管”之意，相当于without worrying about or taking account of。（相当于一个介词词组）
eg．They decorated the house regardless of cost．
他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。
A11 our proposals were rejected，regardless of their value．
我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管这些建议的价值。
He continued speaking，regardless of my feeling on the matter．
他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续说。
The account will be paid to every one regardless of whether they have children or not．
不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。
【拓展】
(1) regardless of是介词，而regardless是副词。
(2) despite，in spite of，no matter与regardless意义相近，但despite和in spite of还有“尽管”之意,no matter常与what/when/who/whether等构成句型。
6. It must have been very uncomfortable.
【导学】
must have done是对“过去的情况”或“完成的状态进行推测或估计。must所表达的肯定程度最大，相当于汉语“一定”“准是”，表示说话人对自己的推测确信无疑；对“现在进行情况”推测或估计时，使用must be或must be doing结构。
eg.They must be rich．他们一定很有钱。
They must be telling lies．他们一定在说谎。
I didn’t hear the phone, I must have been asleep.
7．We haven’t found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter．
我们至今没有找到门，但是我们认为他们在寒冷的天气中是通过在洞穴口挂兽皮来御寒的。
【导学】
keep out sb／sth或keep sb／sth out意为“使……不进入，使……在外”。也可以说keep sb/sth out of sth。
eg.These clothes may help you keep out the cold.
这些衣服可以帮助你御寒。
He kept the dog out.他把狗关在门外。
She keeps the children out of the room.
她不让孩子们进入那个房间。
You should keep out of such things．
你不要介入这些事情。
8．I wonder how they made the hole for the．．．我不知道他们怎样弄个针眼来穿线……
【导学】
(1) wonder可作及物或不及物动词，表示“对……感到疑惑”“惊奇”“想要知道”，后可接不定式，不定式前可以带有疑问词。
eg. I was wondering where to spend the weekend．
我不知道在哪儿度过周末。
She was wondering whether to go to the cinema or stay at home watching TV．
她犹豫不决是去看电影还是待在家里看电视。
I was wondering how to get to the station quickly．
我想知道怎样去火车站最快。
(2) wonder后还可跟at或about引起的介词短语，意为“对……感到惊奇”“好奇”。
eg. I don’t wonder at her refusing to marry him．
对于她拒绝和他结婚一事，我一点也不感到惊奇。
It’s not to be wondered at．这是不足为奇的。
I wonder at his doing that．我对他那样做感到惊奇。
What are you wondering at/about 你对什么感到惊奇
(3) wonder后还可接宾语从句。
I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came.
我想知道他是谁，从哪里来，来干什么。
I wonder whether you would mind helping me.
我不知道你是否介意帮我的忙。
(4) wonder常用来比较客气地向对方提出请求,这时的常用句型“I wonder if．．．”
eg.I wonder if you could turn down the radio a hit.
不知你能否把收音机音量调低一些。
(5) wonder也是名词，当作可数名词时为“奇观”“奇迹”；当作不可数名词时，意为“惊奇”“惊愕”。
eg.Walking on the moon is one of the wonders of our times．
在月球上行走是我们这个时代的奇迹之一。
The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders of the world．
中国长城是世界奇迹之一。
(6) whether与if都可用在动词wonder后面引导从句，但在引导不定式时只能用whether，不能用if。
eg. She was wondering whether to go or stay.
她对于走还是留犹豫不决。
注：No wonder that．．．意为“难怪“ ‘……不足为奇”。
eg.Her child was missing, no wonder she was so upset.
她的孩子不见了，难怪她如此不安。
No wonder you were so late.
难怪你来得这么迟。
9. We know that they moved around，following the herds of animals．
我们知道他们跟随所捕猎野兽四处去游动。
【导学】
(1)following the herds of animals是现在分词短语在句中作状语。作状语用的现在分词，可以有一般式、完成式等多种形式，主要根据分词动作发生的时间以及与主语的关系来确定。
We were sitting by the window，talking about what happened yesterday.
【注意】
①当动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，用完成式。
eg. Having finished exercises，Tom watched TV．
做完了作业，汤姆就看电视了。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
刷完了牙，布朗先生下楼吃早饭。
②动词的-ing形式还有被动式，表示与主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
eg. Being asked to give a performance，she couldn’t very well refuse．
有人请她表演了一个节目，她不好拒绝。
Being protected by a thick wall，they felt they were quite safe．
有一堵厚墙挡着，他们感到很安全。
③当动词-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式，having been done。
eg．Having been given such a good chance，he wouldn’t give it to others．
人家给了他这样一个好机会，他不会把它让给别人的。
Having been praised by the teacher，the boy was very pleased.
【导学】
following sb／sth“继……之后”，“跟随……之后”
eg．Following this conference，this method was widely used．
会议之后，这个方法被广泛使用。
The students entered the hall，following the headteacher．
同学们跟随班主任走入大厅。
【拓展】
①followed by．．．“被……跟着”
eg. He entered the classroom，followed by lots of reporters.
他走进教室，后面跟着许多记者。
②following可以看作介词, 通常构成介词短语，在句中作状语，表时间。
eg．Following the speech，there will be a few minutes for questions.
在演讲之后，通常会有几分钟的提问时间。
③as follows，是一个固定词组，表“如下”，用于引出下文。
eg .Their suggestions are as follows．．．
他们的建议如下……
He received a note which ran as follows．
他收到一张便条，内容如下。
10．That’s why they are called hunters and gatherers．
这就是为什么他们被称作为狩猎人和采集人。
【导学】
why在此句中引导表语从句，why是关系副词，在意义和语法上相当于the reason why。why还能引导主语从句、宾语从句和状语从句。
eg．That’s why you need the lab.
Why he took Swiss nationality in 1901 is a question that interests us．
他为什么在1901年取得瑞士国籍，这是个让我们感兴趣的问题。
No matter why she became angry with you, you should apologize to her．
不管她为什么对你生气，你也应当向她道歉。
11. The work on early peaple depends on the dates given to the bones that are found．关于早期人类的研究工作依赖于所发现的骨化石所测定的日期而定。
【导学】
⑴ depend on作“依靠，信任”讲。
depend on/upon +名词
depend on/upon sb to do 依靠某人做……，指望……
depend on/upon it that… 指望……
depend on/upon +wh-从句
eg. I don’t like to depend on others to provide for me.
Your success depends on whether you work hard or not.
You may depend on it that he will join our club.
你可以指望他加入我们的俱乐部。
⑵ depend on 还可以译作“取决于”。
Everything depends on the soil.
12. If only it could be just like last year!
要是今年的宴会像去年的那样该多好呀！
【导学】
if only是从属关联词，主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，它所引导的“从句”能单独存在，且能表达完整的意思。它相当于I wish，但语气更强。if only主要用于：
A．表示过去不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋惜的意思，此时谓语动词要使用过去完成时。
eg.If only she had had more courage!
那时她要是有更多的勇气就好了。
If only he had seen me!要是当时他看见我，就好了!
B. 表达与现在事实相反的假设, 即表示遗憾、惋惜等，谓语动词通常用虚拟语气过去时。
eg.If only I were rich! 我要是富有，那该多好!
If only I could swim!我要是能游泳，那该多好!
C. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设，谓语动词用would+动词，cou1d+动词或虚拟语气过去时。
eg.If only it would stop raining! 要是雨能停就好了!
If only they would tell me what they've decided．
但愿他们能把决定告诉我。
13．He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen．他可是这个部落中最好的工匠。因此被他选中是一种荣幸。
【导学】
honour是可数名词，此处意为“增光的事，引以为荣的事”，常用短语结构有：
It’s an honour to do… 做某事是一种荣幸；
have the honour of…/have the honour to do… 表示“很荣幸地……”。
In honour of 为了纪念（表示敬仰）
eg．It’s an honour to be invited to speak here.
I have the honour to inform you that you have been chosen for the game．
我很荣幸地通知你已被选中参加比赛了。
May I have the honour of inviting your company to dinner
我可以荣幸地邀请你们共进晚餐吗
14．The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrouding her，and her senses became dizzy with hunger．
空气中弥漫的煮肉香气环绕着她, 而她的知觉因饥饿而变得晕眩起来。
【导学】
(1)sense作名词，含义如下：
①“感觉”作此解时常用单数形式且与a连用。
eg.He had a sense that the meeting was very important．
他感觉到这会议很重要。
②意义，价值
make sense讲得通；能被理解；有道理
make sense of了解……的意义，懂得……
There’s no sense in doing… ……没意义／没用／没道理
have no sense of 没有……感觉／意思
③理性；理智(常用复数)
lose one’s senses失去知觉
win one’s senses精神正常
out of one’s senses神智失常；失去理性
bring sb to one’s senses使某人醒过来
come to one’s senses恢复理智／知觉
④意味；语义
common sense常识
in a sense从某种意义上说
例示：The manager has got a good business ，so the company is doing well．
A. idea B.sense C. thought D. thinking
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Unit5 Meeting your ancestors
莒南三中 Wu jia
Teaching objectives (教学目标)
1．Have a general idea of this passage.
2．Develop students’ reading skills to finish some exercises.
Teaching important points (教学重点)
1．To improve students’ ability---- reading and speaking .
2．Develop students’ conception about archaeology.
Teaching period (教学课时)
The second period.
Reading procedures:
Revision （单元预习）：Finish the words before reading the text.
1. is the study of ancient things such as tombs and buried cities.
2.We haven’t decided yet, and we have just made a plan.
3.He is not such a fool as you him to be.
4. Get into my car，and there is room for all of us.
5.While I’m talking, please don’t me.
6.This food must be in a fridge, so that it won’t go bad.
7.The government is to take measures to (加速)the rate of economic growth．
8.Do you think there’s need to check the (准确性)of the report
9.It’s surprising that he can break a board 10 c thick with his fist．
10.Now (原始的) forests in the world are getting fewer and fewer，so we must try our best to protect them from damage．
11.A dangerous amount of r was released into the environment last month.
12.The singer sang so well that the audience stood up and kept a long after he stopped singing．
13.It’s very difficult to read an article without any p ，because you don’t know where to stop．
14.The children were playing a game, running in a circle until they were d .
Reading
Answer the following questions.
1.What did the archaeologist do before entering the cave
2.Where did those caves lie
3.How did experts learn that the earliest people kept warm by keeping the fire burning
4.How did seashells get to the cave
Read the passage again and finish the following exercises .
1). What is not mentioned about early people’s using fire for
A．Keeping warm． B．Cooking the food．
C．Lightening up caves．D．Scaring wild animals away．
2). What might early people have used to keep out the cold
A．cloth B．branches C．wood D．animal skins
3). What does the needle suggest
A．Early people did wear clothes made from animal skins．
B．Early people ate meat of animals．
C．Early people could make beautiful jewels．
D．Early people could hunt wild animals．
4). In which aspect the earliest people and the modern people have something in common
A．People hung animal skins to keep out the cold．
B．People never grew their own crops．
C．People use science．
D．People care about their appearance．
Tell the 3 stages of the archaeologist’s part of the dialogue.
Stage 1line
Stage 2line
Stage 3line
Fill in the blanks.
1. How did they make clothes
Their clothes were made from animal . They used _______ stone tools to ____ the animals and _______ their skin. Then smaller ________ were used to clean the fat and meat from them. They had to ____ an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it _____ enough.Finally, they would have cut it and ______ the pieces together with _______ made of animal bones.
2.What can we learn about the necklace they wore
Some of the necklace beads were made of animal _______ but some were made of ______, which tell us that all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was _____ between early people or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.
Homework 1) Go over the text.
2) Write a brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Caves.
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Unit5 Meeting your ancestors
莒南三中 wu jia
Teaching objectives (教学目标)
1.Grasp the use of some important words and expressions.
2.Help students learn many more words and expressions.
Teaching important points (教学重点）
To develop students’ ability----learning to speak, read and use.
Teaching period (教学课时)
The first period.
The explanations about some important words and expressions.
1.identify vt. 识别，认出（某人/物）；鉴别
⑴Try to identify these objects.
鉴别一下这些物品。
⑵I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother's.
我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。
⑶Can you identify your umbrella among this lot
在这么多伞中你能认出你那一把吗？
⑷She identified the man as her attacker.
她认出那个人即是动手袭击她的家伙。
ID card =identification card 身份证
【补充】
identify sth. with sth. 将某物等同于某物
It’s a mistake to identify art with life.
2.alternative adj.供选择的；可替代的；其他的 alternatively adv.
n.可能的选择
There doesn’t seem to be an alternative option.
似乎没有其他的选择。
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被挡住了,因此我们走了另一条路。
There are alternative answers to this problem.
这个问题有两个可能的答案。
Can you think of the alternatives we could use today
We have no alternative but to go on.
除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以乘火车去，也可以乘小车去。
3.tentative adj. 试探性的； 不确定的；暂定的
We have fixed a tentative date for our meeting.
【补充】
make a tentative suggestion / plan / proposal
提出试验性的建议/提议/计划。
4.)accurate adj.准确的 accuracy n.精确；准确
Is this watch accurate 这只表准吗
I can’t be convinced about the accuracy of the report.
5..interrupt vt. & vi. 打断------的讲话；打岔；中断或中止
在我忙的时候不要打扰我。 Don’t interrupt ( me ) while I’m busy.
交通被洪水阻断。Traffic was interrupted by floods.
下雨中断了我们的捧球比赛。The rain interrupted our baseball game.
【补充】
I’m sorry to interrupt you but …
I’m sorry … but …是用来向别人礼貌地解释情况的一种表达方式。
很抱歉，但我有很重要的事情要说。
I’m sorry but I have something important to tell you.
6.assume vt. 假定；设想（可参照学案讲解）
take on, undertake 担任，承担
assume + n.
assume + n. + (to be …)
assume + that-clause
It is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
We must assume his innocence/him to be innocent / that he is innocent before he is proved guilty.
在证实他有罪前，我们必须假定他是无罪的。
He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.
他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。
Assuming that the news is true, will you feel surprised
假定这条消息是真的，你会感到惊讶吗？
7.regardless of prep. in spite of不管; paying no attention to不顾
We will continue regardless of past failures.
尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。
regardless of the consequences / danger / expense / one’s feelings
不顾后果(危险,费用,某人的感情）
The football game will continue , regardless of the rain or wind.
8.at (the) most 其反义词 at (the) least
There are 10 students in the classroom at (the ) most.
9.cut up 切碎；为----心碎伤心
She still seems very cut up about it.
【补充】
cut down 砍到 cut class逃课 cut off隔绝（断）；中断关系
cut away 去掉，砍掉 cut out删减（文章，新闻等）；戒除习惯等
10.ample adj. more than enough, plenty of, abundant, large in size
He has ample resources.
$5 will be ample for my needs. =$5 will be enough for my needs.
We have ample time to get to the station.我们有充足的时间到车站。
an ample salary 优厚的薪金
11.significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
be of great significance = be very significant
What is the significance of this speech 这个讲话有什么意义？
The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience.
大学生打工的意义还不仅在于钱和经验。
It was only later that we realised the significance of his remark.
直到后来我才意识到他的话的重要意义。
12.somehow / someway adv.
1)=in some way, by some means设法
2)=for a reason that is unknown 不知何故，反正；不知怎的
I must finish this work somehow.我必须设法完成这工作。
Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him.反正，我觉得不能信任他。
Somehow I don’t like him. 不知何故，我不喜欢他。
Somehow he made a terrible mistake.不知何故，他犯了个大错误
13.systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；仔细周到的；故意的
He’s very systematic in all he does.他做一切事情都有条不紊。
systematic learning of English英语的系统学习
The way they’ve collected their data isn’t very systematic.
他们搜集整理短信的方式很不条理。
14. be fed up with sb/sth 饱受；厌烦
I'm fed up with all this.
15.applaud vt. & vi.赞许；鼓掌赞许或欢迎
She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.
当族人为他的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，拉拉觉得非常自豪。
Everyone applaud (him / his performance) at the end of the concert.
演唱会结束时，大家都(为他/对他的表演)热烈鼓掌。
I applaud your decision. (=approve of赞成)
我赞成你的决定。
【补充】
a round of 一阵鼓掌
Let’s have a round of applause for our speakers today.
16.look head
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