2009年高考英语备考
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课件197张PPT。 挑战高考英语高分!2009年高考英语备考以纲为本，科学有效备考！
更新观念，提升专业素养！2008年全国高考英语特点2008年，15个省、自治区采用教育部考生中心命制的高考英语试卷。考生中心根据这些省份的要求命制了三类高考英语试卷：
不含听力试卷有5个省、自治区：河北、吉林、贵州、甘肃和新疆。
含听力试卷有8个省、自治区：山西、黑龙江、河南、广西、云南、青海、内蒙古和西藏。
新课程标准试卷有2个：宁夏和海南全国卷高考英语特点特点1：依纲不靠本
依纲不靠本，即试卷严格按照《英语考试大纲》的要求命制，不紧靠任何一本教材。纵观2008年的三套试卷（含听力、不含听力、海南宁夏课标卷），试题的各个部分，无论是基础知识、阅读理解、书面表达试题都与《英语考试大纲》和《英语考试说明》保持了高度的一致。因此，熟悉考纲要求是复习备考的前题。大纲体现“稳中求进”，课标卷体现“稳中求新”。
把握考纲精神：
高考英语是选拔性考试，应该具有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分作用。《考试大纲》在试卷形式与试卷结构的第四条内容中明确指出：“试题难易比例包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。”因此，考生要明确什么是中等题，以便在复习过程中加强针对性，提高实效性，确保中等试题过关。特点2：试题卷结构稳定
试卷的试题结构近年来保持了良好的连续性，没有作任何改动近年来大致相同。这种稳定大大减轻了考生的心理负担，试卷结。试卷的能力目标和基础知识要点构的稳定有利于新课程改革的稳健推进，体现了高考英语的人本精神。
特点3：试题难度下降，交际性加强。
为保证对考生的区分，有利于高校录取，根据考生群体的情况近三年全国大纲卷适当的调整了难度，即适当试卷各部分的难度有所降低。
尤其是基础知识试题难度下降，例如单项填空试题没有结构繁难的知识题；完形填空和阅读理解试题选材贴近实际生活，符合考生的认知水平，减少了考生应试压力；读速要求平稳；考查点基本为中档难度为主（例如阅读试题考查细节题占50%，20分）。（08）全国I卷 第27小题
— Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
— Yes, since she the Chinese Society.
A. has joined B. joins
C. had joined D. joined
考查点为考查理解对话语境、恰当使用动词时态的能力。该试题语法点为初中学习的知识，所以难度不大。对话情景生活化、交际化特点突出。
（08）全国II卷第14小题
If their marketing plans succeed, they _____
their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
考查的基础知识点为If 条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，主句用一般将来时。该项语法为初中英语的重点知识。知识题难度下降，交际性加强是近几年高考英语试题的明显特点。特点4：突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际。
“语言运用”明显是高考英语试卷所考查的重点，例如单项填空考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况；完形填空强调考查在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况；阅读理解部分则从不同的角度考查考生对书面语言的接受能力；短文改错考查考生在理解短文的基础上对写作相关的几个要素的掌握情况；书面表达则直接考查考生的书面语言表达能力。对考生语言运用能力的考查基本上都在语篇层次上完成的。因此，可以说“得阅读者得天下”！
依据大纲，着眼于新课程
终结性评价必须以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。考试应包括口试、听力考试和笔试等形式，全面考查学生综合语言运用能力。听力测试应着重检测学生理解和获取信息的能力，不应把脱离语境的单纯辩音题或语法知识题作为考试内容。笔试也应避免单纯语音知识题和单纯语法知识题；增加具有语境的应用型试题的比例；适当减少客观题，增加有助于学生思维的主观题。
08完形填空试题特点：
总体来说两卷（新课程标准卷与全国卷I相同）的完形填空文章优美，难度适中，考点稳定。两篇文章语言优美，语气诙谐，描写生动，感情充沛，使考生容易对文章内容产生兴趣，准确把握人物的内心活动和感情变化。考生在接受测试的同时，也会感受到英语语言的魅力。考点的设置基本上以实词动词、名词为主。08年全国II卷完形填空试题
短文的主题为母子情深，内容是讲述了一位母亲与儿子情感交流的动人故事。母亲每次为儿子准备上学说带午饭时，都会在午餐盒内夹上一张小纸条，以此来与孩子进行情感交流。母亲的良苦用心最终得到儿子的理解与感激。文章读起来亲切自然，生活中的母爱跃然纸上。From the time each of my children started school,
I packed their lunches. And in each time, I included a
note. Often written on a napkin, it might be a thank-
you for a special moment, a reminder of something we
were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for
the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they loved their notes. But as
children grow older they become self-conscious, and
By the time they reached high school, my older son,
Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily
notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read
them but I still needed to write them, I continued until
the day he graduated. Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those days well, graduating from college, completing two internships（实习） in Washington, D.C., and particularly, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking for his lunch. “Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”
（文章难度不大，词汇障碍小，考生易于入境。在答题的过程中，考查了考生阅读理解、词汇语法知识和语篇分析能力。完形填空试题的最大特点是“文残意不残”，理解作者、读懂文章是关键！）最后冲刺，挑战高分试题—完形填空
做到4处着眼，抓住关键。
1、抓“头”：抓住首句，预测全文。 08全国II卷“From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. ”
2、捕“眼”：捕捉“题眼”就是寻找解题线索，即关键词。 08全国II卷“Telling him that he no longer needed to read them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated.
3、跳 “身”：避难就易，先易后难。为了加快做题速度，节省时间，遇到把握不大的题目时，不妨暂时跳过该题，这样做既不会“卡”在一道题上，影响做题时间。
4、扫“尾”：复读全文，解决残敌。做到一要补缺，二要检查。补缺主要是集中解决前三个步骤中遗留的少数难题。检查时主要是检查所填入的选项是否语法正确，语义通顺。（如果是凭语感选择的，则最好不要轻易改，因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。
（总之，完形试题做题的基本原则是: “带空通读、入境细读、整体回读。”)
阅读理解试题特点：
阅读理解在题材的选择，材料的难度和能力考查的要求上都与往年基本相同。技能考查全面；题材、体裁的多样；文章新颖时尚；内容积极健康；语言原汁原味。例如全国II卷：
A篇记叙师生情感，考查2小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题综合分析。
B篇谈论语言问题（研究结果女王50年中使用的元音逐渐远离贵族口音）。考查2小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题主旨。C篇讨论社会问题“半真假”的欺骗，反映生活中的阴暗面。1小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题猜词，1小题段落理解。
D篇说明巧克力的药用效果。3小题细节，1小题主旨
E篇应用文，四小段组成介绍博物馆或艺术馆。主要考查运用跳读技巧的能力，4小题虽然问法不同，但是均为文章中的具体细节题。
对话：交际功能包括：咨询、提供信息、做出反应、阻止并说明原因、主动提供帮助、致谢等。
（细节12：推理4：猜词1：主旨3）短文改错试题特点：
短文改错被列入写作部分，说明其是从另一个侧面间接考查考生的英语写作能力，即考查其对书面语言的监察、校验能力。考生一方面要判断“是否有错”，另一方面要能发现并改正错误，从而考查其在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。试题特点是选材一般为记叙文，题材贴近学生生活，难度符合学生的写作水平，语言明白易懂，基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁杂的语言结构。08年短文改错试题特点：
全国I卷的短文形式是一篇书信小短文，内容比较浅显；全国II卷话题时尚，谈论奥运志愿者，考生读起来有亲切感。两篇短文所设错误均为考生在写作中易犯的错误，均属基本知识和基本技能范围内容，难度有所下降,生活化加强。主要考查判断是否有语法错误和行文逻辑错误。全国I卷：
Dear Alice,
I have just got some good news to tell (tell to you) you. I won (win) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleased (pleasing) that he suggested that I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to stay (staying) there for a half a month, visiting place (places) of interest and (or) practicing my English as well. We’ve been writing to each (other) for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talking (talk) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be on (at) vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.全国II卷：
If I have the honor to be chosen (chose) work for the Olympic Games, I will (at) first improve my English so that I can talk easily (about) withto foreign visitors. Second, I will learn more about (the) history of the Olympics as (good) well as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, since I (was) am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their (ways) way in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them (their) our great achievements. In short, I will do my best to help (making) make the Games a success.
书面表达试题特点：
08年书面表达特点是：起点低，要求高。两卷的书面表达试题都体现了话题贴近学生生活实际，写作情景设置真实自然的特点。两卷的起点难度设置都不高。例如全国I卷的书面表达是：假定你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫（panda），一直通过有关网站（website）关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信：
08全国II卷
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to talk a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time. 全国II卷书面表达要求考生写一封回信，解答英国朋友Peter来信所咨询的学好中文的方法。
按照题目要求，考生应在回信中建议Peter通过*参加中文学习班、*阅读中文书刊及看电影、*学唱歌、*结交中国朋友等方式帮助自己学好中文。
开头写好考生可以按要求直接进入主题，所写内容除必须覆盖的要点外，还可以适当发挥，例如：参加学习班的好处是什么？为什么看电影读报纸？结交中国朋友的好处等。另外按照信函的格式，考生要根据内容给回信加上合适的结尾。半开放的体现，加大了难度。2008年试题的启示
夯实语言知识
强化读写训练
学会灵活变通
关注社会生活
高分特质（学生）基础知识--实
基本技能--全
解题技巧--活
知识底蕴--厚
心理素质--好高手教师--专业技能强！ *驾驭教学信息的技能;
*运用教学语言的技能;
*开发教学资源的技能
*集中学生注意的技能;
*把握课堂反馈的技能;
*处理偶发事件的技能;
*控制情绪与教态的技能.超前意识：明确改革方向 英语新课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法知识和词汇知识的讲解和传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向，强调英语课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力，使语言学习的过程为学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践、提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。明确英语新课标教学4任务：
1、激发和培养学习英语的兴趣
2、掌握听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；
3、培养学生创新能力；
4、帮助学生了解世界和中西文化差异，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观。明确英语新课程目标5方面:
基础教育阶段英语课程的总目标:
培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生
语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学
习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的
基础上。
文化意识是得体运用语言的保证；
语言技能和语言知识是运用语言的基础；
情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素；
学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。正确处理好5方面的关系 明确级别要求九级
八级（高考要求）
七级 ------普通高中毕业的要求
六级
五级 ------ 9年级结束时的要求
四级
三级
二级 ------ 6年级结束时的要求
一级八级目标要求词汇: 学会使用3000个单词和400~500个习惯用语或固定搭配
阅读: 除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到36万词以上
写: 能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告 明确中国教育测试目标教育评价的功能:
导向功能, 监督检查功能, 激励功能,
筛选择优功能, 诊断改进功能.
明确教师要成为学习的促进者 教学是教师的教与学生的学的统一。
教学是一种对话、一种沟通、是合作、共建，是以教促学、互教互学。
教师不仅传授知识，更是与学生一起分享对课程的理解。
改变师生关系，通过交往建立和谐、民主、平等的师生关系，是课程改革的一项重要任务。
学生是能动的人,要调动他们的能动性
学习最终是学生自己的事。教师应该为学生打开一扇窗，而不是挖一口井。课堂设计要相信学生的潜能，依靠学生的能力，调动学生的思维，敢于放手，善于放手，充分发挥学生的主题能动作用。
现代心理学研究告诉我们，学生学习的认知活动并非是孤立的智力活动，它总是伴随着学生的动机、兴趣、情感、意志等非智力活动填补进行的.
学 习 活 动
↙ ↘
动力系统 操作系统
学习动机 学习兴趣 原有知识
学习意志 学习信心 智力水平
学习习惯 学习方法
↘ ↙
学 习 效 果 在整体上看影响学生学习活动有两大系统，即动力系统和操作系统，但是作用有所不同。动力系统对学生活动起着定向、强化、促进、保证作用。是解决“想学”“爱学”的问题。 操作系统是想学的技巧、策略、手段、途径。解决会学、学会的问题。
动机一直被视为教学的关键，不论是听说读写还是语法教学，如果不能激发好的动机，教学则不可能达到预期的效果。因此，对于任何教学来说，其首要的任务是要激发学生的参与热情和参与意识。明确教师要帮助学生构建知识认知是一个过程，而不是一个结果。
教学生一门学科，不是要使学生把结果记录下来，而是要使他参与把知识建构起来的过程。这种模式的特征是教师 “讲”得少，学生 “想”得多。
要给学生时间和空间去操作、观察、猜想、探索、归纳、类比、质疑等，使学生积极思维，自己构建知识。What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I won the lottery, I would…任务型语法教学案例Task 1 Interview your partnersSample:
Leader: What would you do if you won the lottery?
Student A: I would give it to charities.Report sampleLucy would buy a big house if she won the lottery.
Peter would give it to charities if he won the lottery.
Jack would put it in the bank if he won the lottery.
For me, I would buy snacks.Listen to the tape and find out the worry of the girl. She can’t sleep the night before an exam. Then she’s too tired to do well.Task 2 Give your suggestions and write a letter to the girl Try to useIf I were you, I would…Discuss and complete the sentences:If I were poor, I would do my shopping
in cheaper stores.
1. If you were trapped in a lift….
2. If you had a flat tire on your way home….
3. If you heard a noise outside your
apartment in the middle of the night….
4. If someone was following you down a
dark street….
5. If you were short of five yuan for a tennis racket….培养学生的问题意识新课程中，以“问题为中心的学习”是课堂教学的一种模式。
没有问题的课不能算是成功的课，新课改强调要给学生留下问题。
教师通过设计真实、复杂、具有挑战性的开放的问题情境，引导学生参与探究、思考，让学生通过一系列问题的解决来进行学习。新课程提倡学习的过程应该多种多样做中学：体验、内化、交流
看中学：观察、归纳、分析
读中学：文字信息
想中学：思考、分析、推理
听中学：基本方式，重要方式之一
教师
讲得 “少”一点: 留给学生思考,交流的机会
引得 “巧”一点: 启发学生思考,归纳判断
学生
学得 “精”一点: 掌握重点难点
用得 “活”一点: 思维活跃,举一反三
想得 “深”一点: 思维深度广度
悟得 “透”一点: 善于发现问题思考: 追求6个 “点”学习金字塔(平均记忆率) 美国国家培训实验室讲授-------------------------------5%
阅读-------------------------------10%
视频-------------------------------20%
演示-------------------------------30%
分组讨论-------------------------50%
实践-------------------------------75%
相互教,并快速使用------------90%
Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me and I may
not remember. Let me try, and I’ll understand.高三备考积极开展课题研究：
“任务驱动式复习”研究
“小组合作式”复习课研究
“讲练结合”复习课研究
“自我反思式” 试卷讲评课研究
“自评式”试卷讲评课研究
“自学式、讨论式”讲评课研究
“专项试题”讲评课加强复习课、讲评课的教学研究
复习课要坚持精选习题，精讲巧练，讲练结合，练在课堂。要避免题海战术及简单的机械重复。讲评课要有意识地将学生的问题进行整理，矫正学生在答题过程中暴露的问题，深化对知识的理解，提升学生以思维品质为核心的各种能力。提高复习课的实效性。力求使学生的听、说、读、写能力在不断地运用中理解、内化、提高。认真研究，大胆实践研究以学生为主体的复习课、讲评课模式。
复习是减少或消灭 “差生”的重要手段
“差生”的共同特点是对学习没有兴趣,没有良好的学习习惯,缺乏自信,意志力薄弱等.他们之所以对学习没有兴趣和缺乏自信心,其主要原因是他们从来没有体验过学习的成功的乐趣.以教学层面来看,减少 “差生”,就要加强复习的环节,帮助他们巩固学习内容的记忆理解,让他们在考试中体验学习成功的乐趣,恢复他们的自信.如果每位教师都能死死抓住复习环节不放,注意课堂及时复习,单元复习,阶段复习,期中,期末复习,养成学生良好的学习习惯,使“差生”迅速进入良性循环状态, “差生”就会减少,甚至可以收到消灭“差生”的效果. 要“唤醒巨人”，有巨大潜能的人。学生如果缺乏动机，教学不过是一种厌恶疗法。“正如不情愿的进食有害健康，不情愿的学习会损害记忆，所记忆的东西无法保存。” 动机由四部分组成：
行动的愿望和决定
活动中表现出来的兴趣
活动中所投入的精力
参与和兴趣的保持
大量实验证明动机与学业成就之间的相关数，98%是正相关，高的动机水平有利于取得高的学业成绩，高的学业成绩也能反过来增强动机水平的提高。影响学生主动学习的8因素教师对教学及教学内容的热情及投入
教学内容与学生的相关程度
课程的内容结构
教学内容的难易程度
学生主动参与教学活动的程度
教学方法的多样化程度
教师与学生之间的相互理解与沟通
所采用的例证是否恰当具体、让学生产生共鸣影响动机的因素
内部因素
安全的需要
归属和爱的需求
尊重的需求
认知的需求
自我实现的需求教师要努力建构有安全感的课堂
要把讲台搬到学生中间去；
要蹲（弯）下来和学生谈话；
要让学生体面坐下；
要微笑对待学生；
要多用赞美婉转的语言；
要让学生把话说完。一节好课的“两本书”课堂上有两本书，一本是有字的课本，另一本是“无字书”就是教师的个人魅力和吸引力。教师在课堂上是否常常微笑，声音动听，眼神生动，教态自然，服饰得体，能否吸引学生的注意力，能否使学生愉悦并对课堂充满兴趣，这些都是“无字书”的内容。明确复习是更高层次的学习
复习的任务不仅仅是巩固记忆,记忆的方法也不仅仅是重复.所以,复习不是简单地重复所学习的内容,而是更高层次的学习. 任何知识的学习,都需要有一个认知,理解,消化,积累,运用,衔接,转化和迁移的过程.这个过程的大多数环节都是通过复习来完成的. 因此,复习的任务除了巩固记忆之外,还有整理知识系统,掌握知识的联系,总结知识规律,培养思维能力,建立智能体系,学会理论联系实际等任务.
复习课的基本环节:
“预习-提问-讨论-精讲-精练-点评”
预习：重点引导学生对所学知识的重点, 难点,疑点做到心中有数.哪些知识是通过预习就可以解决,哪些知识自己在理解上还有困难,需要在复习课听老师讲才能解决,以便做到有目的,有计划地听课,提高复习质量。
提问：不管是在复习的哪个阶段,教师都要根据教学目标要求提出富有启发性和思考性的问题, 留给学生进行思考.
讨论：在前两个环节的基础上,组织学生对思考题和预习题中存在的疑点,难点进行分组讨论.通过分析,讨论,使学生搞清自己存在的问题,加深印象.
精讲：教师无论是在讲复习题,还是在回答学生的问题,都要做到有目的地精讲.要讲方法, 讲原理, 讲技巧, 讲关键, 讲思路, 讲规律,起到举一反三, 画龙点睛的功效.
精练：复习课上教师要精选不同类型的练习题进行精练.练习要针对不同的阶段,不同的问题和不同的复习内容,采用不同的练习方式,使学生对所学知识真正理解,熟练掌握,准确无误,标准规范,即达到精练的目的.
点评：在复习中要针对重点难点进行点评,结合精讲, 精练, 讲练结合,给学生介绍规律性的知识以及巧解,妙解,快解的方法.
在复习的整个过程中,预习的不足应该由提问来补充; 提问的不足应该由讨论来补充;讨论的不足应该由精练来补充;精练的不足又可由精讲来补充; 精讲和精练之不足又可由点评来补充. 六个环节中每个环节即有其独立的作用和目标,又可补充另一个环节的不足. 这样,通过六环节的相互补充作用,复习课的质量就会大大提高,学生的各种能力就会逐渐增强.小组合作复习法
“复习—归纳—练习—小结”
教师制订复习提纲:
*复习的内容, 范围;
*复习的重点,难点;
*复习的方法,步骤和参考资料;练习和作业
师生共同进行归纳
练习巩固 (检测复习效果,巩固提高)
自我小结 (做笔记)复习 “十六”字诀
照纲—按考纲内容进行知识的梳理总结,提炼精华.
顾面—进行全面系统复习.
抓点—在全面复习基础上,抓住重点,突破难点.
理线—发现知识之间的关系.滚动加厚.归类—深化知识,强化记忆.
助记—利用分类记忆,联想记忆,比较记忆,读写记忆,句意记忆,短文记忆等方法加强记忆.
精讲—突出重难点,语言简洁,画龙点睛.
善练—复习以基础题,常见题为主,打破思维定势，采用多种形式有效进行训练.读句子写单词
Don’t throw bottles away because it’s better to recycle them.
2. Try to use recycled paper because it saves energy.
3. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the biggest ancient palace in the world.
4. You are not allowed to take food into the library.
5. The museum is very familiar to Tom. He has been there many times. 连词填空
1.One cannot see wind, _____, it does exist.
2.The shop had closed, _____ we could not get the coat.
3._____it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go swimming with Jack.
4.I don’t want to go skating; _______, the ice is too thin.
5._______, it is important for us to learn English.
6._______, we should respect others.
7. At first, I had a running nose. ________I began to
cough. After that, I had a fever.
8. On one side of the school is a lecture hall. ____is a
library.连词填空
1.One cannot see wind, however, it does exist.
2.The shop had closed, so we could not get the coat.
3.If it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go swimming with Jack.
4.I don’t want to go skating; besides, the ice is too thin.
5. In a word, it is important for us to learn English.
6. In my opinion , we should respect others.
7. At first, I had a running nose. Then I began to
cough. After that, I had a fever.
8. On one side of the school is a lecture hall. on the
other side is a library.连句成文
My family was very large.
My family met at my grandparents’ every holiday.
There were never enough chairs.
I always had to sit on the floor. My family met at my grandparents’ every holiday. Because my family was very large, there were never enough chairs. As a result, I always had to sit on the floor.
She wanted to be successful.
She worked day and night.
She worked for a famous advertising agency.
She became the manager.She worked for a famous advertising
agency. Because she wanted to be
successful, she worked day and night.
Finally, She became the manager.He really wants to go swimming.
He has decided to go to the beach in
California.
His sister lives there.
He hasn’t seen her for six years.He really wants to go swimming,
so he has decided to go to the
beach in California, where
his sister lives there. He hasn’t
seen her for six years.重写句子
We paid a visit to a museum last Monday.
_______________________________
He leads a happy life there.
________________________________
The party will be held on Sunday.
________________________________
My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and reading a newspaper.
________________________________
I like playing basketball best.
________________________________We paid a visit to a museum last Monday.
We visited a museum last Monday.
He leads a happy life there.
He lives happily there.
The party will be held on Sunday.
We will hold the party on Sunday.
My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and
reading a newspaper.
My father was smoking in a sofa with a newspaper in
his hand.
I like playing basketball best.
My favorite sport is playing basketball.语言知识的厚度决定语言运用的高度!
A:
I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Zhang Bin. I’m seventeen years old. One of my favorite subjects is biology. I’m interested in drawing. In my spare time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature. I want to be a biologist when I grow up. B:I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. I was born in 1990 in Beijing. I come from a happy and warm family, which includes mother, father, my sister and me. Full of colorful and challenge school life, I find that I have learned many things and bettered my personality. As for the classes, I like history and English very much. But I am not good at maths and physics. This is the reason I choose history as my major in the university. I’m interested in collecting stamps, which help me learn a lot about history home and abroad. School life is still vivid in my mind. I think every student has one impression in common: we have too many numerous simulated examinations. Especially, during the last term, we were given numerous simulated examinations. Well, that’s part of the life. 练好内功：
英语学习的基石：词汇+语法
英语学习词为纲。
“Without grammar little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
挑战高分首先要过好词汇关。
更新教学观念，打破传统模式，强化思维训练，
夯实知识功底，以不变应万变！高分过关词汇基础词汇（1200）
size skin share salt smell soft simple
silent science screen ready reach
reason repair raise quiet public proud
price problem polite pleasure period
ocean office notice nation nature model
museum market minute machine medicine
main list lecture judge interest invite
imagine hurt hate hobby health gather
foreign fresh favorite eager during…关注小词的活用：
the impressionist school of painting
a children’s home an old people’s home
Try not to wake the whole house when you come in.
We must make sure that everyone gets equal shares of the food.
The value of my shares has fallen by 8%.
The teacher found it hard to keep her
class in order.
He has made up his mind, and nothing you can say will move him on this issue.冲刺高分的关键：突破中级词汇 special success satisfy select significance stadium section survive underline uniform reform remote reserve reduce rough realize occupation paragraph precious predict private promot purpose profit positive pretend prevent promise persuade punish result ruin mention memory measure mayor nervous narrow familiar fault habit expert encourage electricity express experiment especially equal disturb design diet declare devote describe deliver deadline custom courage create control confident common challenge balance avoid argue award accurate agent system talent transport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity precious oxygen media merchant merely majority infer instant inspire intend independent interrupt instruction instrument interview influence illegal impress immigrate environment emergency discriminate generous guilty gesture confuse convenient concrete comment adapt adult advantage apply appointment benefit exchange illegal inform influence province remark tradition witness Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because his lectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. 高分词汇的表达 Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. During coffee in the café, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for advice on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 07 8全国II卷：单词拼写试题
1. There’s a message from Karean on the phone.
2. This football game was broadcast live on TV across Europe.
3. They are going to celebrate this victory with music and dancing.
4. The majority of students find it quite hard to learn Chiness.
5. Very few people succeed in losing weight these days.
6.This book gives a short description of the city.
7. The doctor praised our daughter for her courage this morning.
8. There were pile of newspapers everywhere in the house.
9. Lisa, I didn’t recognize you—you have had your hair cut.
10. I usually just have a sandwich for lunch.
11. Mr. White announced that he would go to China in Febrary.
12. The story was first written in English and later translated in Chinese.
13. David turned and walked off in the opposite direction.
14. I suggest that we have regular meetings.学会整理词汇的方法，提高记忆词汇的质量！
*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量
1.scare a. a job
2.disturb b. worry sb
3.huge c. valuable
4.precious d. very
5.extremly e. luckily
6.merely f. frighten
7.fortunately g. only
8.occupation h. very large
9. significance i. thin
10. slim j. importance*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量
1.scare a. a job
2.disturb b. worry sb
3.huge c. valuable
4.precious d. very
5. extremely e. luckily
6.merely f. frighten
7.fortunately g. only
8.occupation h. very large
9. significance i. thin
10. slim j. importance *利用英英释义记忆，扩展词汇数量
remote-
reform-
reliable-
symbol-
predict-
ruin-
equal-
deadline-
英英释义
remote- far from other place
reform- change sth to make it better
reliable- you can trust
symbol- a mark or picture that shows sth
predict- say what you think will happen
ruin- destroy sth completely
equal- the same as big, as good as another
deadline- time before which you must do sth
avoid-
award-
variety-
respond-
original-
majority-
instant-
aspect-
rescue-avoid- stay away stop sth from happening
award- give a prize or money to sb
variety- a lot of different things
respond- do or say sth to answer sb or sth
original- real, not copied
majority- most things or people in a group
instant- a very short time
aspect- one part of a problem, idea
rescue- save sb or sth from danger关注动词的搭配 accept, achieve, agree, allow, argue, attempt, attend, attract, avoid, beg, beat, benefit, blame, break, carry, catch, cause, change, choose, compare, decide, delay, deliver, depend, design, destroy, devote, discuss, divide, doubt, encourage, expect, explain, express, fail, fetch, force, forget, form, gather, grow, hear, hurt, imagine, include, interview, lead, lie, lift, mean, move, notice, obey, operate, permit, point, praise, promise, provide, prove, remain, raise, regard, regret, realize, seek, settle, share, spend, suffer, support, suppose, succeed, 动词短语
break down break up break out
call at call out call on call for
come down come up come in
come out come on come across
get along get away get back get down
get in get on get off get through
give back give in give out give away give up go away go out go over look after look at look for look out look up look down…. 冲刺高分---不仅认字多, 更要用字强! 通过填空、互译、默写、听写多种渠道运用记忆词汇。I only wear this suit on special occasions.
The relations between our two countries are improving.
These rules are intend to prevent accidents.
This method has the advantages of saving a lot of fuel.
The government has announced that
electricity charges will go up this summer.6. I compared the copy with the original, and there wasn’t much difference.
7. I like the style of his writing but I don’t like the content.
8. John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
9. He has made an important contribution to the company’s success.
10. The arrangement suits his convenience very well.11. Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work.
12. Heavy traffic is causing serious delays on all routes to the coast.
13. Their efforts to improve the school have been very effective.
14. Fortunately, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.
15. Listening to the music has a calming influence on her.16. The hotel offers the highest standards of comfort and service.
17. I’d like to go to the concert, but I haven’t any transport.
18. She didn’t like the work because it lacked variety, she was doing the same things all the time.
19. They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing the lost dog.
20. I get along with others easily, which is especially useful for a volunteer.21. Most of my friends like loud music that they can dance to. I prefer quiet, traditional music so the Chinese music concert suited me just fine.
22. Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money, but it’s usually quite convenient to take the underground train to most places.
23. Unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you.
24. We would like to travel to an exciting place and we don’t mind how far we have to go.25. It would be nice if we could get a room with a kitchen so we could save money by cooking our own meals.
26. These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
27. He sings for groups of people at the city hospital to cheer them up.
28. The most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident.
29 A small car is big enough for a family of three unless you need more space for baggage.
30. It’s not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.
31. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it contained.
32. If their marketing plans succeed, they will increase their sales by 20 percent.
33. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.34. The fact that she never apologized says a lot
about what kind of person she is.
35. I began to feel at home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces
36. My friend encourages me to take a summer
course to improve my reading skills.
37.As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
38. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help.39. Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.
40. The water will be further polluted unless some measures are taken.
41. We thought of selling this old furniture， but we have decided to hold on to it． It might be valuable．
42. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it．43. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car．
44. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
45. Wait till you are more certain. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
46. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. 47. Some students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad.
48. All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States.
49. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patience.
50. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily. 词汇理解练：
1.This restaurant was set up by two _______（woman) cooks. (women)
2. Two _____(visit) have just arrived and I want to give them something nice to eat. (visitor)
3. Alfred Nobel was born in _____(Swedish) on October 21st, 1833. (Sweden)
4. The warm water vapor in your ____(breathe) has become water on the cold glass.( breath)
5. Mrs. Green was ____ (worry) about their journey. (worried)
6. This change of state is called a _____(physics) change. (physical)7.We can ____ (translation) these books into French. (translate)
8. An army man came from the front and told Dr Bethune that ____ (medicine) workers should be sent to the front at once. (medical)
9. On their way, they met a group of ____(wound) soldiers. (wounded)
10. The doctor began to ____(operation) on the child. (operate)
11. He told the story to the ____(village). (villagers)
12. ____ (Swiss) is famous for its watches. (Switzerland )13.“Would you mind____ (tell) me what it is, sir?” he asked. (telling)
14. The young man was a bit ____(nerve). (nervous)
15. The Palace Museum is ____(location) in the center of Beijing. (located)
16. These beautiful and magnificent buildings show the ____(wise) of the Chinese people. (wisdom)
17. In the ____(twenty) century, women’s umbrellas began to be made in all kinds of colors. (twentieth)
18. This building was rebuilt again and again over the ____ (follow) year. (following)19. Have you been to the Working People’s ____(culture) Palace? (Cultural)
20. In 1620, the first ____(settle) arrived in North America from England. (settlers)
21. Mother asks him to buy some stamps and post a letter to his ____ (old) brother. (elder)
22. You may have used a computer at some time---perhaps a pocket ____(calculate). (calculator )
23. Wesley was born with the body of a ____(run). (runner)
24. It is true that all of us need ____(recreate ).
(recreation )
25. Everyone has his own way of ____(relax). (relaxations )26.We had the ____(tradition)
turkey for our Christmas dinner. (traditional)
27. Christmas was only a few days away and the two children in the Robinson family were very ____(excite ). (excited )
28. The children had already bought ____(them) lots of balloons. (themselves )
29. She ____ (discover )that the teacher had failed to find two mistakes in her work. (discovered )
30. The teacher was pleased with her ____ (honest ). (honesty )31.The boy noticed an ____ (correct)
mistakes on his paper, but he decided he was not going to say anything about it. (uncorrected)
32. Later, a ____ (discuss )
started about the problem. (discussion )
33. A ____ (Canada) scientist proved that the Englishman was right. (Canadian )
34. When people are ____(introduce )
to each other in Britain, they say “How do you do?” and shake hands. (introduced )
35. They shake hands after a long ____ (absent ). (absence )
36. When in Rome, do as ____ (Rome)
do. (Romans)37.Smoking is ____ (harm) to your health. (harmful )
38. I still remember ____ (smoke ) my first cigarette. (smoking )
39. They often read ____ (advertise )
in the newspaper. (advertisements )
40. Everybody must help to fight ____ (pollute )
. (pollution )
41. Zhang Hua ____ (weight )48 kilos. (weighs )
42. If you are in a ____(hurry ), you had better go by underground. (hurry )
43. It is cheap and ____(convenience) to go to school by bus. (convenient )44. The more a man learns, the more he sees his ____. (ignorant) (ignorance )
45. We must keep the balance of ____(natural).
(nature)
46. Mrs. Smith will be in charge during my ______(absent). (absence )
47. Winning three gold medals is a remarkable _______(achieve). (achievement )
48. We were shocked by the _______ (announce )
that the mayor was killed. (announcement )
49. All _____ (branch )of the government are having to cut costs.. (branches )
50. I don’t feel like getting involved in any New Year’s ______ (celebrate). (celebrations) 高分词汇训练：词不文记忆词汇！
（在记忆理解短文中，提高记忆词汇效果）
Frank was helping George prepare for his 1 interview. He wrote down all the possible questions the interviewer might be interested.
“The person interviewing you will 2 inquire about many things,” said Frank.
“What can they be interested in? Do you think they will want to know what musical 3 instrument I know how to play?” asked George .
“They will want to know what you intend to do with your life but it isn’t what they ask that is important. How you answer is important. They want to hear 4 inspiring answers, which show your 5 intelligence. If you make a bad impression, your chances will be over in an 6 instant. ” said Frank. “Here is a book. It’s an 7 instruction book on how to interview. It’s a good 8 instrument to use and inside you will find very good advice. I 9 insist you read this 10 instead of going into the interview not knowing what to do.”
George started to read right away. When he finished reading, he felt well prepared and confident.
高难度训练：无词填空
I’m not good at 1 __________ with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in 2 __________ and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3 __________ when talking with others 4 __________ those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 __________ in my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 __________ fashionable dresses for some pop stars in five years. From the above questions I come to 7 __________ that I have to more 8 __________ and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. I’m not interested in doing any of the 9 __________ jobs at all and I’m 10 __________ to be a designer in the near future.高难度训练：无词填空
I’m not good at 1 communicating with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in 2 public and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3 ashamed when talking with others 4 especially those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 alone in my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 disturbed. From the above questions I come to 7 realize that I have to more 8 cheerful and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. I’m not interested in doing any of the 9 listed jobs at all and I’m 10 determined to be a designer in the near future.背诵优秀短文强化记忆 （08全国II卷 完形）
From the time each of my children started school,
I packed their lunches. And in each time, I included a
note. Often written on a napkin, it might be a thank-
You for a special moment, a reminder of something we
were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for
the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they loved their notes. But as
children grow older they become self-conscious, and
By the time they reached high school, my older son,
Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily
notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read
them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated.
Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those days well, graduating from college, completing two internships in Washington, D.C., and particularly, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking for his lunch.
“Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”全国I卷：
Dear Alice,
I have just got some good news to tell (tell to you) you. I won (win) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleased (pleasing) that he suggested that I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to stay (staying) there for a half a month, visiting place (places) of interest and (or) practicing my English as well. We’ve been writing to each (other) for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talking (talk) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be on (at) vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.全国II卷：
If I have the honor to be chosen (chose) work for the Olympic Games, I will (at) first improve my English so that I can talk easily (about) withto foreign visitors. Second, I will learn more about (the) history of the Olympics as (good) well as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, since I (was) am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their (ways) way in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them (their) our great achievements. In short, I will do my best to help (making) make the Games a success.
科学有效记忆词汇, 提高词汇数量质量“五到”记忆: 读写背默记,眼耳嘴手脑齐动员,印象深刻记得牢;
循环记忆: 记过单词莫靠边,几天之后再看看,似忘非忘又复现,反反复复记心间;
分组记忆: 单词多了别心烦,分片分组来突破,五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片;
理解记忆:结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义,重点段落须背诵,理解深刻难忘记;语音记忆: 读音规律要掌握,拼写自然少出错;
归纳记忆: 同类词汇放一起,分类归纳好记忆;
对比记忆: 同义近义反义词,辨析比较来记忆,印象深刻记得牢;
构词记忆:前缀后缀有规律,转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一;
阅读记忆:课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记,只要坚持常阅读,一举多得大受益.
重视词汇复习,没有扎实的词汇基础拿高分就是纸上谈兵.备考中设计形式多样的词汇复习活动,夯实词汇基本功!利用话题联想记忆词汇Pollution: balance cause damage destroy environment forbid harmony illegal ignore
liquid material nuclear phenomenon plastic
occur protect quality reduce rescue resist ruin
smooth suffer surround survive system
Sports: accept adventure athlete audience ceremony benefit coach control defeat delay duty encourage entertainment equal fail injure inspire kick measure medal position reward rapid score stadium succeed struggleFeeling: admire amaze appreciate ashamed astonish awful anxious confident curious delight envy nervous optimistic patient puzzled quarrel regret respect scare sensitive
Education: academic arrange apply behave biology cause challenge character common congratulation courage culture degree devote experience express expert familiar graduate
intelligence instruction institute introduce interview mention method normal opinion refer regular request offer principle private permit provide schedule select senior uniform 一篇要点完整，表达无误的文章并不意味着是一篇高分作文。文章的词汇亮点是拿高分的关键。亮点就是要充分发挥你的创造性，拿创意分。例如05年一考生用“HOPE”一词概括全文主题“和谐社会”：
H means Honesty, which is to being honest to everyone. O means Love, that is to love country and our homeland. P means Protection, that is to protect animals and plants. E means energy, that is to save energy, resources…. 利用名言和谚语：例如莎士比亚作品“To be or not to be? That is the question!” 常见短语“server people heart and soul”
“To be a volunteer or not? It’s your own choice. However, once you have chosen to be a volunteer, you have to serve people heart and soul.” 这样的文章确实有创意，可以为文章增添色彩。高分过关语法吃透动词
动词时态: 321
复合句: 连词
非谓语动词:逻辑主语吃透动词在英文的词类中，动词是唯一能在英文句子中作谓语的词类，在英文句子中有着举足轻重的地位，就像物理学上杠杆的支点，支撑着英文里的句子结构；另一方面，英文动词在英文的词类中是变化最多、用法最广，也最复杂的词类。它不但又人称和数的变化，还有各种时态、语态、语气和动名词、分词和不定式等非人称代词变化。因此，在一定意义上，学好动词就等于掌握了英文文法非常关键的部分，就等于掌握了学好英文的钥匙！能驾驭动词的基本结构，就能支撑起语义表达的整体框架！
英语的动词有几种现象值得中国学生注意：
1、动词有行为动词、助动词、情态动词、连系动词和be动词之分。
2、英语动词形式有时态上的变化。
3、英语动词不但有时态的变化，还有及物和不及物之分。
4、同一个动词在不同语境中有不同的意思动词的分类三类动词：
一、不及物动词
1、连系动词 2、及物动词
二、及物动词*
1、单及物动词 2、双及物动词
3、复合及物动词
三、助动词
1、情态动词 2、助动词连系动词特点：不能独立构成谓语，只能起着连系主语和表语的作用，并与表语构成谓语。考查点（易错点）无被动式!
用法1：表示主语的某种特征或状态.
I am good at English.
He looks very excited.
It smells nice.
It feels soft.
常见的系动词：be feel look seem sound smell taste appear等。
用法2：表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态，常见的系动词有：become, grow, get turn
It’s growing dark. Turn on the light.
A man becomes learned by asking questions.
We get wiser as we get older.
注：考查热点，一些短语搭配：
go mad, come true, fall ill, go crazy, go bad, stand still，get paid, get separated等
用法3：表示主语保持某一种状态，如keep, remain等。
They remained silent.
We should keep calm in the situation.
不及物动词特点：可以单独构成谓语，但是不能有宾语，所以无被动式。
用法：
Oil and water don’t mix.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
注：一些不及物动词可以表示被动的意义。
The door locks easily.
The new mobile phone will sell well. 及物动词我们把需要带宾语的动词称为及物动词，并且根据动词对宾语的不同要求把它们分为单及物动词、双及物动词和复合及物动词。掌握动词的及物动词重点和难点。
单及物动词：动词后只跟一个动词。
He can speak English.
双及物动词：
He gave John an apple.
allow, bring, get, give, hand, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, refuse, return, show, send…
复合及物动词：一些及物动词不但要求后面跟宾语，而且还要对宾语进一步的补充说明，句子的意义和结构才完整，这类动词称为复合及物动词，对宾语进行补充说明的部分称为宾语补足语。
用法1：可以用名词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider等。
I found her a good companion on the tour.
They consider Paris the heart of the country.
用法2：可以用形容词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：make, keep, like, wish, see, turn, suppose, find, get, set, leave等。
Please keep the room clean.
I have never seen her so sure of herself.
用法3：可以用分词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：see, hear, watch, keep, feel, find, get, have, notice, obverse, order等。
I heard them quarreling in the next room.
Can you smell something burning?
I had my hair cut yesterday. 用法4：可以用不定式作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：ask, tell, invite, allow, help, wish, want, hate, expect, encourage, advise, request, permit, order等。
We invited him to attend our party.
We requested him to put a stop to an unfriendly acts.
用法5：可以用副词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：have, find, wish, get, turn, let等
I won’t let you down.
They left me well behind.用法6：可以用介词短语作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：keep, find, leave, get, wish, consider, make, hold, work, bring, put等。
We soon got the situation under control.
We found him in high spirits.
They consider it of great importance.
注： it可以做不定式的形式补语；从句做补语
The teacher made it a rule to speak English in class.
It was made a rule to speak English in class.
We may call it what you please.按照动词的词义和分类形成的5种基本句型:
1.系表结构
He got angry.
2.主语+不及物动词+（状语）
He got there in time.
3.主语+单及物动词+宾语
Where did you get these ideas?
4.主语+双及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
I’ll get you a cup of tea.
5.主语+复合及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
You’ll get your shoes wet.分类—系动词 不及物动词 及物动词
1. The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so. （系动词）
2. Although he has lived with us for years, he hasn’t left us much impression.（不及物动）
3. I fell asleep while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommates woke me up in time!（系动）
4. The meeting really came alive when she stood up to make her speech.（系动）
5. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. （不及物动）6. --I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
--Sounds good.（系动）
7. The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. （系动）
8. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.（及物动）
9. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you had on yesterday.（及物动）
10. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didn’t allow her to do so. （及物动）动词时态3213个一般时
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
2个进行时
现在进行时 过去进行时
1个完成时
现在完成时关注热点时态表达的语义：
1. When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
（过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作）
2. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.（一般过去代替过去将来）
3. It’s time you were in bed. （特定句型）
4. We used to swim everyday when I were children. （特定句型）
5.Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. (有迹象要发生的事）
6. You are to hand in your papers next Saturday.
（表示按计划或职责、义务要求要发生的动作）
7. The English evening is about to start.
（表示马上要做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week等表示时间的状语连用。）
8.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
（一般现在时表示将来情况主要是与时刻表有关。）
9. We’ll begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
（时间、条件从句用一般时代替将来时）10. I hope they have a nice day next weekend.
（动词hope, take care that, make sure that等词后用一般时代替将来时,如Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.)
11. I’m leaving tomorrow.
（一些动词用进行时表示将来，表示打算、安排即将发生的动作，如come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等）
12. Use your head and you will find a way.
（“祈使句+and/or+句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。）13. She is always changing her clothes.
（现在进行时往往会表示说话人的主观色彩，如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等。）
14. He is always working hard.
15. I’m hoping you’ll give us some suggestions.
（等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气）
16. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.
（延续动作长的用进行时，短的用一般时）
17. The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.
（两个都是延续动作则都用进行时）18. They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
（现在完成时有标志性的时间状语：for+时间段； since+时间段；lately, recently, just, already, yet, till now, up to now, in the past few years, during the last three months等）
19. This is my first time that I have visited China.
20. That is the only book that he has written.
（表示几次，或在It is +the best (most+adj) +名词+that后面跟现在完成时）
巩固练习
1、我们今晚准备到外面吃饭。
2、火车在十分钟后开出。
3、她打算在我们这里呆一个月。
4、我写完了这些信就把它们寄出去了。
5、这个小镇发生了巨大的变化。
6、他说他如果不忙他就会来。
7、你还在这里。我还以为你已经离开了。
8、我们该去睡觉了。
9、--你在找我吗？
--对。我希望你能帮我画这幅画。
巩固练习答案
1、我们今晚准备到外面吃饭。
We are dinning out this evening.
2、火车在十分钟后开出。
The train is starting in ten minutes.
3、她打算在我们这里呆一个月。
She is staying with us for a month.
（现在进行时表示计划或安排将要发生的动作.）
4、我写完了这些信就把它们寄出去了。
I will post the letters as soon as I have written them.
5、这个小镇发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in the small town.
6、他说他如果不忙他就会来。
He said he would come if he was not busy.
（条件从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时）
7、你还在这里。我还以为你已经离开了。
You are still here. I thought you had left.
8、我们该去睡觉了。
It is time (that) we went to bed.
9、--你在找我吗？--对。我希望你能帮我画这幅画。
-Did you want me?
-Yes. I hoped you would help me with the painting.
*一般过去时表示一种比较客气的说法或者表示婉转：
I was hoping you could come.
I am hoping you could come.
I hoped you could come.
常见动词有：hope, want, wonder等。从句连词重点：关联词的灵活运用
宾语从句：
whether, why, how，
状语从句：
unless, in case, before, although
定语从句：
in which, where, whenI returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He had’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
（一连串的短句，单调乏味）
When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
（改动后的段落文字生动，意义更明确。）从句与表达English becomes more important. All of us know the fact. Our society is more open to the world. But it is difficult to learn. I have learned English for seven years. But I still can not master it well. And we haven’t an environment.
（简单句堆积，语义缺乏连贯，句型没有变化）It is well known that English has become increasingly important, especially to a society more open to the outside world. It is difficult, however, to have a better command of it----although I have learned English for 7 years----because of the lack of an English-speaking environment. （句型复杂有变化，语义连贯有层次，表达生动有力。） Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because his lectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. 连词填空 Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. During coffee in the café, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for advice on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 掌握非谓语动词用法的关键点1. 谓语还是非谓语
错误：
Mary, coming here – everybody else,
stay where you are. (NMET2006)
正确：
Mary, come here – everybody else,
stay where you are.2. 主动还是被动
错误：
When compared different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06浙江)
正确：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 错误：
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explaining often enough. (05天津)
正确：
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explained often enough. 3. 动作发生在过去还是将来
错误：
--Is Bob still performing?
--I’m afraid not. He is said to leave the stage already as he has become an official. (05江苏)
正确：
--Is Bob still performing?
--I’m afraid not. He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official. Dear Editor, （05全国卷）
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.分词的作用:
使语言更简洁
使语言更形象
使语言更富有内涵
分词的功用:
定语:
状语:
补语
分词难点:动词特点—时态和语态明确提高英语成绩的关键
1.克服母语的影响:
英文中有动词的时态变化,而中文却没有.
英文中有名词的复数变化,而中文却没有.
英文中的定语往往后置,而中文的定语多半前置.
英文的状语和中文的状语在句子结构中有不同位置.
在英语语法复习过程中, 首先要克服来自母语习惯的干扰,努力培养英语的语言习惯.在平时的练习中,一定要养成一个习惯,即:凡是用到动词就自然想到它的恰当时态、语态、语气以及是谓语还是非谓语。凡是用到名词时就一定要注意单数和复数的问题。这样有意识地培养英语的语言习惯，就能够减少语言错误。
2.在实践中培养语感：
语法给了我们语言的基本规则，而良好的语感使我们能直觉地正确判断和使用语言。语法是可以讲授和学习的，而语感却难以直接传授。良好的语感在高考中不仅对做答单项填空试题有利，对阅读理解试题、听力试题和作文试题也会有很大帮助。我们如果能脱口说出没有任何语法错误的句子，例如：This is one of the best books I have ever read.
Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born。或者当你听到或见到这样的句子就感到不对，
例如：I have bought many book.
They are persons I’d like to make
friends. 那么，我们就有了一定的语感。如
果能脱口就说出正确的句子，在写的时候就不
会丢三落四。同时也就能不费力地写出正确的
句子。口头练习对对于巩固和培养正确的语言
习惯是非常重要的。避免中式英语的途径 “不
写没读过的句子.”
文科状元经验谈
“完形填空”在高考中占分值达到30分该试题对语法,词汇,阅读,理解等多项英语能力都有所考查,综合性很强.我的一个小习惯帮了我的大忙.在高考复习中,我坚持每天用固定的时间进行朗读英语,虽然高考中没有一道试题是针对朗读开展,但是我发现朗读能让我比较容易地找到对英语的感觉.而完形填空最终考查的就是一种感觉.在做完形填空试题时会选读起来最通顺的选项,这个读起来最通顺的选项又恰好就是正确答案.在高考完形填空试题只错了一个空.这种脱口成章的语言自由运用状态,才是语言学习的根本和真正目的.明确影响阅读的因素背景知识
缺乏必要的背景知识是造成阅读困难的主要原因之一.
词汇
词汇的扩充是阅读理解的主要组成部分.词汇量的大小预示着阅读能力的高低. 词汇量的缺乏,不能自动解码是构成阅读困难的首要原因.句法结构
句法结构的陌生同样会给理解带来困难,不过句法所造成的理解障碍远不如词汇所带来的困难.
阅读策略
阅读策略是有效阅读的保证. 不正确运用阅读策略就很难在规定的时间内完成阅读任务.
兴趣
兴趣可以加深读者对材料的理解,而缺乏兴趣常常是有效阅读的障碍.阅读备考建议
1、“读广”即：阅读的题材和体裁要广，文章应包括科技、人文、天文、地理、艺术与教育等。
2、“读长”即：要与泛读相结合，要读相当量的小说和长篇，要有目的和要求的去读，通过读培养自己的阅读兴趣和习惯。3、“读新”即：要读新鲜鲜活的材料，那些代表新观念、新技术、新产品、新人物（热点人物）、新事物的阅读材料应该是我们首选的。
4、“读深”即：文章要有一定的深度，要有经得起琢磨和分析的好篇章，段落，要有一定的难句和复杂句以及复杂结构。
5、“读快”即：要通过快速阅读来训练学生的阅读速度，每分钟要达到60-70个词。高分写作
1. 明确评分标准 优秀作文要求：完全完成了试题规定的任务
*覆盖所有内容要点
*应用了较多的语法结构和词汇
*有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文
结构紧凑
2.强化句式训练
句式多样化，文段才潇洒
句式多样化是英语作文得取高分的重要保证。因此，要特别重视灵活变化的句式，注意句子的主动被动、句子的长短、句型之间的搭配等。这样才能使文章读起来富有生气。技巧1 变化句子的长度
长句是用来表达比较复杂的思想或作为细节的描写；而简洁的短句常起到强调的作用，用来表达结论、重点以及重要事实非常恰当。因此最好在写作中根据不同的情况变化句子的长度。交错使用长短句，增加语言的表现力。
*在不影响意思表达的前提下，删除一些词或短语
In my opinion, I think we should get there as quickly as we can.
I think we should get there as quickly as we can.
*用单词替代词组
Joe entered the classroom without making any noise.
Joe entered the classroom quietly.
*用短语代替句子
Please take care of my cat when I am away.
Please take care of my cat during my absence.
*使用固定句型
As soon as we left the house, it began to rain.
We had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.技巧 2 改变句子结构
为了避免文章平淡、呆板，写作中除了可以使用基本句型外，还可以运用其它不同的句式，如强调句、被动句、否定句等。
*改变修饰成分的位置
He closed the door quickly.
Quickly he closed the door.
People can get around freely with a car.
With a car, people can get around freely.不定式开头：
He got up early to catch the first bus.
To catch the first bus, he got up early.
分词开头：
If you give me enough time, I can do it well.
Given enough time, I can do it well.
After he finished the exercise, he went out.
Finishing the exercise, he went out. *主动或被动
Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
*肯定或否定
I shall go there if it does not rain.
I shall go there unless it rains.
*使用强调句
Helen and Linda prepared the dinner.
It was Helen and Linda who prepared the dinner.高考就是考复习透析高考命题走向，如何把英语读薄？高考试题的命题原则、命题思路主要是侧重学生综合能力的检测。试卷中看不到书本的内容，但是测试的知识点是书本内的。因为考能力，准确地说，就是考你使用知识的能力，命题背景和材料是书本外的，但需要运用的知识点是书本内的，不会超出中学教学大纲的范围。学在课堂考在课外。考纲规定的知识范围就是学科的主干知识，高考要求运用的，就是高考说明中所规定的知识点。课外内容主要就是指命题的情景、设计的背景材料，这些材料是我们生活和社会发展的一些现象和事件。高考命题的要求是要考生运用自己的学习能力和学科能力来解决这些内在联系，要检测的就是考生运用书本内的知识点来解开这些联系的能力。所以，高考试题看起来好像考课外内容，其实万变不离其宗，最后要运用的还是课堂所学的一些基础知识。高考就是考方法
“有效偏科”“重点突破”法等。
“有效偏科”策略就是“哪壶不开就提哪壶”，越是感觉困难大的内容就越是要努力拿下来，“啃的就是硬骨头”。同时集中优势兵力，打开一个突破口，如对完形填空试题来个“重点突破”，“失分大户”变成“得分大户”，整体英语成绩也自然会提高。不做学习上的 “矮人”
不做学习上的 “笨人”
不做学习上的 “懒人”
在复习备考中
学会学习,享受学习，
考入理想大学! Thank you Thank you!
更新观念，提升专业素养！2008年全国高考英语特点2008年，15个省、自治区采用教育部考生中心命制的高考英语试卷。考生中心根据这些省份的要求命制了三类高考英语试卷：
不含听力试卷有5个省、自治区：河北、吉林、贵州、甘肃和新疆。
含听力试卷有8个省、自治区：山西、黑龙江、河南、广西、云南、青海、内蒙古和西藏。
新课程标准试卷有2个：宁夏和海南全国卷高考英语特点特点1：依纲不靠本
依纲不靠本，即试卷严格按照《英语考试大纲》的要求命制，不紧靠任何一本教材。纵观2008年的三套试卷（含听力、不含听力、海南宁夏课标卷），试题的各个部分，无论是基础知识、阅读理解、书面表达试题都与《英语考试大纲》和《英语考试说明》保持了高度的一致。因此，熟悉考纲要求是复习备考的前题。大纲体现“稳中求进”，课标卷体现“稳中求新”。
把握考纲精神：
高考英语是选拔性考试，应该具有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分作用。《考试大纲》在试卷形式与试卷结构的第四条内容中明确指出：“试题难易比例包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。”因此，考生要明确什么是中等题，以便在复习过程中加强针对性，提高实效性，确保中等试题过关。特点2：试题卷结构稳定
试卷的试题结构近年来保持了良好的连续性，没有作任何改动近年来大致相同。这种稳定大大减轻了考生的心理负担，试卷结。试卷的能力目标和基础知识要点构的稳定有利于新课程改革的稳健推进，体现了高考英语的人本精神。
特点3：试题难度下降，交际性加强。
为保证对考生的区分，有利于高校录取，根据考生群体的情况近三年全国大纲卷适当的调整了难度，即适当试卷各部分的难度有所降低。
尤其是基础知识试题难度下降，例如单项填空试题没有结构繁难的知识题；完形填空和阅读理解试题选材贴近实际生活，符合考生的认知水平，减少了考生应试压力；读速要求平稳；考查点基本为中档难度为主（例如阅读试题考查细节题占50%，20分）。（08）全国I卷 第27小题
— Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
— Yes, since she the Chinese Society.
A. has joined B. joins
C. had joined D. joined
考查点为考查理解对话语境、恰当使用动词时态的能力。该试题语法点为初中学习的知识，所以难度不大。对话情景生活化、交际化特点突出。
（08）全国II卷第14小题
If their marketing plans succeed, they _____
their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
考查的基础知识点为If 条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，主句用一般将来时。该项语法为初中英语的重点知识。知识题难度下降，交际性加强是近几年高考英语试题的明显特点。特点4：突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际。
“语言运用”明显是高考英语试卷所考查的重点，例如单项填空考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况；完形填空强调考查在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况；阅读理解部分则从不同的角度考查考生对书面语言的接受能力；短文改错考查考生在理解短文的基础上对写作相关的几个要素的掌握情况；书面表达则直接考查考生的书面语言表达能力。对考生语言运用能力的考查基本上都在语篇层次上完成的。因此，可以说“得阅读者得天下”！
依据大纲，着眼于新课程
终结性评价必须以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。考试应包括口试、听力考试和笔试等形式，全面考查学生综合语言运用能力。听力测试应着重检测学生理解和获取信息的能力，不应把脱离语境的单纯辩音题或语法知识题作为考试内容。笔试也应避免单纯语音知识题和单纯语法知识题；增加具有语境的应用型试题的比例；适当减少客观题，增加有助于学生思维的主观题。
08完形填空试题特点：
总体来说两卷（新课程标准卷与全国卷I相同）的完形填空文章优美，难度适中，考点稳定。两篇文章语言优美，语气诙谐，描写生动，感情充沛，使考生容易对文章内容产生兴趣，准确把握人物的内心活动和感情变化。考生在接受测试的同时，也会感受到英语语言的魅力。考点的设置基本上以实词动词、名词为主。08年全国II卷完形填空试题
短文的主题为母子情深，内容是讲述了一位母亲与儿子情感交流的动人故事。母亲每次为儿子准备上学说带午饭时，都会在午餐盒内夹上一张小纸条，以此来与孩子进行情感交流。母亲的良苦用心最终得到儿子的理解与感激。文章读起来亲切自然，生活中的母爱跃然纸上。From the time each of my children started school,
I packed their lunches. And in each time, I included a
note. Often written on a napkin, it might be a thank-
you for a special moment, a reminder of something we
were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for
the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they loved their notes. But as
children grow older they become self-conscious, and
By the time they reached high school, my older son,
Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily
notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read
them but I still needed to write them, I continued until
the day he graduated. Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those days well, graduating from college, completing two internships（实习） in Washington, D.C., and particularly, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking for his lunch. “Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”
（文章难度不大，词汇障碍小，考生易于入境。在答题的过程中，考查了考生阅读理解、词汇语法知识和语篇分析能力。完形填空试题的最大特点是“文残意不残”，理解作者、读懂文章是关键！）最后冲刺，挑战高分试题—完形填空
做到4处着眼，抓住关键。
1、抓“头”：抓住首句，预测全文。 08全国II卷“From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. ”
2、捕“眼”：捕捉“题眼”就是寻找解题线索，即关键词。 08全国II卷“Telling him that he no longer needed to read them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated.
3、跳 “身”：避难就易，先易后难。为了加快做题速度，节省时间，遇到把握不大的题目时，不妨暂时跳过该题，这样做既不会“卡”在一道题上，影响做题时间。
4、扫“尾”：复读全文，解决残敌。做到一要补缺，二要检查。补缺主要是集中解决前三个步骤中遗留的少数难题。检查时主要是检查所填入的选项是否语法正确，语义通顺。（如果是凭语感选择的，则最好不要轻易改，因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。
（总之，完形试题做题的基本原则是: “带空通读、入境细读、整体回读。”)
阅读理解试题特点：
阅读理解在题材的选择，材料的难度和能力考查的要求上都与往年基本相同。技能考查全面；题材、体裁的多样；文章新颖时尚；内容积极健康；语言原汁原味。例如全国II卷：
A篇记叙师生情感，考查2小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题综合分析。
B篇谈论语言问题（研究结果女王50年中使用的元音逐渐远离贵族口音）。考查2小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题主旨。C篇讨论社会问题“半真假”的欺骗，反映生活中的阴暗面。1小题细节，1小题判断推理，1小题猜词，1小题段落理解。
D篇说明巧克力的药用效果。3小题细节，1小题主旨
E篇应用文，四小段组成介绍博物馆或艺术馆。主要考查运用跳读技巧的能力，4小题虽然问法不同，但是均为文章中的具体细节题。
对话：交际功能包括：咨询、提供信息、做出反应、阻止并说明原因、主动提供帮助、致谢等。
（细节12：推理4：猜词1：主旨3）短文改错试题特点：
短文改错被列入写作部分，说明其是从另一个侧面间接考查考生的英语写作能力，即考查其对书面语言的监察、校验能力。考生一方面要判断“是否有错”，另一方面要能发现并改正错误，从而考查其在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。试题特点是选材一般为记叙文，题材贴近学生生活，难度符合学生的写作水平，语言明白易懂，基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁杂的语言结构。08年短文改错试题特点：
全国I卷的短文形式是一篇书信小短文，内容比较浅显；全国II卷话题时尚，谈论奥运志愿者，考生读起来有亲切感。两篇短文所设错误均为考生在写作中易犯的错误，均属基本知识和基本技能范围内容，难度有所下降,生活化加强。主要考查判断是否有语法错误和行文逻辑错误。全国I卷：
Dear Alice,
I have just got some good news to tell (tell to you) you. I won (win) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleased (pleasing) that he suggested that I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to stay (staying) there for a half a month, visiting place (places) of interest and (or) practicing my English as well. We’ve been writing to each (other) for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talking (talk) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be on (at) vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.全国II卷：
If I have the honor to be chosen (chose) work for the Olympic Games, I will (at) first improve my English so that I can talk easily (about) withto foreign visitors. Second, I will learn more about (the) history of the Olympics as (good) well as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, since I (was) am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their (ways) way in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them (their) our great achievements. In short, I will do my best to help (making) make the Games a success.
书面表达试题特点：
08年书面表达特点是：起点低，要求高。两卷的书面表达试题都体现了话题贴近学生生活实际，写作情景设置真实自然的特点。两卷的起点难度设置都不高。例如全国I卷的书面表达是：假定你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫（panda），一直通过有关网站（website）关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信：
08全国II卷
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to talk a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time. 全国II卷书面表达要求考生写一封回信，解答英国朋友Peter来信所咨询的学好中文的方法。
按照题目要求，考生应在回信中建议Peter通过*参加中文学习班、*阅读中文书刊及看电影、*学唱歌、*结交中国朋友等方式帮助自己学好中文。
开头写好考生可以按要求直接进入主题，所写内容除必须覆盖的要点外，还可以适当发挥，例如：参加学习班的好处是什么？为什么看电影读报纸？结交中国朋友的好处等。另外按照信函的格式，考生要根据内容给回信加上合适的结尾。半开放的体现，加大了难度。2008年试题的启示
夯实语言知识
强化读写训练
学会灵活变通
关注社会生活
高分特质（学生）基础知识--实
基本技能--全
解题技巧--活
知识底蕴--厚
心理素质--好高手教师--专业技能强！ *驾驭教学信息的技能;
*运用教学语言的技能;
*开发教学资源的技能
*集中学生注意的技能;
*把握课堂反馈的技能;
*处理偶发事件的技能;
*控制情绪与教态的技能.超前意识：明确改革方向 英语新课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法知识和词汇知识的讲解和传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向，强调英语课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力，使语言学习的过程为学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践、提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。明确英语新课标教学4任务：
1、激发和培养学习英语的兴趣
2、掌握听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；
3、培养学生创新能力；
4、帮助学生了解世界和中西文化差异，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观。明确英语新课程目标5方面:
基础教育阶段英语课程的总目标:
培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生
语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学
习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的
基础上。
文化意识是得体运用语言的保证；
语言技能和语言知识是运用语言的基础；
情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素；
学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证。正确处理好5方面的关系 明确级别要求九级
八级（高考要求）
七级 ------普通高中毕业的要求
六级
五级 ------ 9年级结束时的要求
四级
三级
二级 ------ 6年级结束时的要求
一级八级目标要求词汇: 学会使用3000个单词和400~500个习惯用语或固定搭配
阅读: 除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到36万词以上
写: 能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告 明确中国教育测试目标教育评价的功能:
导向功能, 监督检查功能, 激励功能,
筛选择优功能, 诊断改进功能.
明确教师要成为学习的促进者 教学是教师的教与学生的学的统一。
教学是一种对话、一种沟通、是合作、共建，是以教促学、互教互学。
教师不仅传授知识，更是与学生一起分享对课程的理解。
改变师生关系，通过交往建立和谐、民主、平等的师生关系，是课程改革的一项重要任务。
学生是能动的人,要调动他们的能动性
学习最终是学生自己的事。教师应该为学生打开一扇窗，而不是挖一口井。课堂设计要相信学生的潜能，依靠学生的能力，调动学生的思维，敢于放手，善于放手，充分发挥学生的主题能动作用。
现代心理学研究告诉我们，学生学习的认知活动并非是孤立的智力活动，它总是伴随着学生的动机、兴趣、情感、意志等非智力活动填补进行的.
学 习 活 动
↙ ↘
动力系统 操作系统
学习动机 学习兴趣 原有知识
学习意志 学习信心 智力水平
学习习惯 学习方法
↘ ↙
学 习 效 果 在整体上看影响学生学习活动有两大系统，即动力系统和操作系统，但是作用有所不同。动力系统对学生活动起着定向、强化、促进、保证作用。是解决“想学”“爱学”的问题。 操作系统是想学的技巧、策略、手段、途径。解决会学、学会的问题。
动机一直被视为教学的关键，不论是听说读写还是语法教学，如果不能激发好的动机，教学则不可能达到预期的效果。因此，对于任何教学来说，其首要的任务是要激发学生的参与热情和参与意识。明确教师要帮助学生构建知识认知是一个过程，而不是一个结果。
教学生一门学科，不是要使学生把结果记录下来，而是要使他参与把知识建构起来的过程。这种模式的特征是教师 “讲”得少，学生 “想”得多。
要给学生时间和空间去操作、观察、猜想、探索、归纳、类比、质疑等，使学生积极思维，自己构建知识。What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I won the lottery, I would…任务型语法教学案例Task 1 Interview your partnersSample:
Leader: What would you do if you won the lottery?
Student A: I would give it to charities.Report sampleLucy would buy a big house if she won the lottery.
Peter would give it to charities if he won the lottery.
Jack would put it in the bank if he won the lottery.
For me, I would buy snacks.Listen to the tape and find out the worry of the girl. She can’t sleep the night before an exam. Then she’s too tired to do well.Task 2 Give your suggestions and write a letter to the girl Try to useIf I were you, I would…Discuss and complete the sentences:If I were poor, I would do my shopping
in cheaper stores.
1. If you were trapped in a lift….
2. If you had a flat tire on your way home….
3. If you heard a noise outside your
apartment in the middle of the night….
4. If someone was following you down a
dark street….
5. If you were short of five yuan for a tennis racket….培养学生的问题意识新课程中，以“问题为中心的学习”是课堂教学的一种模式。
没有问题的课不能算是成功的课，新课改强调要给学生留下问题。
教师通过设计真实、复杂、具有挑战性的开放的问题情境，引导学生参与探究、思考，让学生通过一系列问题的解决来进行学习。新课程提倡学习的过程应该多种多样做中学：体验、内化、交流
看中学：观察、归纳、分析
读中学：文字信息
想中学：思考、分析、推理
听中学：基本方式，重要方式之一
教师
讲得 “少”一点: 留给学生思考,交流的机会
引得 “巧”一点: 启发学生思考,归纳判断
学生
学得 “精”一点: 掌握重点难点
用得 “活”一点: 思维活跃,举一反三
想得 “深”一点: 思维深度广度
悟得 “透”一点: 善于发现问题思考: 追求6个 “点”学习金字塔(平均记忆率) 美国国家培训实验室讲授-------------------------------5%
阅读-------------------------------10%
视频-------------------------------20%
演示-------------------------------30%
分组讨论-------------------------50%
实践-------------------------------75%
相互教,并快速使用------------90%
Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me and I may
not remember. Let me try, and I’ll understand.高三备考积极开展课题研究：
“任务驱动式复习”研究
“小组合作式”复习课研究
“讲练结合”复习课研究
“自我反思式” 试卷讲评课研究
“自评式”试卷讲评课研究
“自学式、讨论式”讲评课研究
“专项试题”讲评课加强复习课、讲评课的教学研究
复习课要坚持精选习题，精讲巧练，讲练结合，练在课堂。要避免题海战术及简单的机械重复。讲评课要有意识地将学生的问题进行整理，矫正学生在答题过程中暴露的问题，深化对知识的理解，提升学生以思维品质为核心的各种能力。提高复习课的实效性。力求使学生的听、说、读、写能力在不断地运用中理解、内化、提高。认真研究，大胆实践研究以学生为主体的复习课、讲评课模式。
复习是减少或消灭 “差生”的重要手段
“差生”的共同特点是对学习没有兴趣,没有良好的学习习惯,缺乏自信,意志力薄弱等.他们之所以对学习没有兴趣和缺乏自信心,其主要原因是他们从来没有体验过学习的成功的乐趣.以教学层面来看,减少 “差生”,就要加强复习的环节,帮助他们巩固学习内容的记忆理解,让他们在考试中体验学习成功的乐趣,恢复他们的自信.如果每位教师都能死死抓住复习环节不放,注意课堂及时复习,单元复习,阶段复习,期中,期末复习,养成学生良好的学习习惯,使“差生”迅速进入良性循环状态, “差生”就会减少,甚至可以收到消灭“差生”的效果. 要“唤醒巨人”，有巨大潜能的人。学生如果缺乏动机，教学不过是一种厌恶疗法。“正如不情愿的进食有害健康，不情愿的学习会损害记忆，所记忆的东西无法保存。” 动机由四部分组成：
行动的愿望和决定
活动中表现出来的兴趣
活动中所投入的精力
参与和兴趣的保持
大量实验证明动机与学业成就之间的相关数，98%是正相关，高的动机水平有利于取得高的学业成绩，高的学业成绩也能反过来增强动机水平的提高。影响学生主动学习的8因素教师对教学及教学内容的热情及投入
教学内容与学生的相关程度
课程的内容结构
教学内容的难易程度
学生主动参与教学活动的程度
教学方法的多样化程度
教师与学生之间的相互理解与沟通
所采用的例证是否恰当具体、让学生产生共鸣影响动机的因素
内部因素
安全的需要
归属和爱的需求
尊重的需求
认知的需求
自我实现的需求教师要努力建构有安全感的课堂
要把讲台搬到学生中间去；
要蹲（弯）下来和学生谈话；
要让学生体面坐下；
要微笑对待学生；
要多用赞美婉转的语言；
要让学生把话说完。一节好课的“两本书”课堂上有两本书，一本是有字的课本，另一本是“无字书”就是教师的个人魅力和吸引力。教师在课堂上是否常常微笑，声音动听，眼神生动，教态自然，服饰得体，能否吸引学生的注意力，能否使学生愉悦并对课堂充满兴趣，这些都是“无字书”的内容。明确复习是更高层次的学习
复习的任务不仅仅是巩固记忆,记忆的方法也不仅仅是重复.所以,复习不是简单地重复所学习的内容,而是更高层次的学习. 任何知识的学习,都需要有一个认知,理解,消化,积累,运用,衔接,转化和迁移的过程.这个过程的大多数环节都是通过复习来完成的. 因此,复习的任务除了巩固记忆之外,还有整理知识系统,掌握知识的联系,总结知识规律,培养思维能力,建立智能体系,学会理论联系实际等任务.
复习课的基本环节:
“预习-提问-讨论-精讲-精练-点评”
预习：重点引导学生对所学知识的重点, 难点,疑点做到心中有数.哪些知识是通过预习就可以解决,哪些知识自己在理解上还有困难,需要在复习课听老师讲才能解决,以便做到有目的,有计划地听课,提高复习质量。
提问：不管是在复习的哪个阶段,教师都要根据教学目标要求提出富有启发性和思考性的问题, 留给学生进行思考.
讨论：在前两个环节的基础上,组织学生对思考题和预习题中存在的疑点,难点进行分组讨论.通过分析,讨论,使学生搞清自己存在的问题,加深印象.
精讲：教师无论是在讲复习题,还是在回答学生的问题,都要做到有目的地精讲.要讲方法, 讲原理, 讲技巧, 讲关键, 讲思路, 讲规律,起到举一反三, 画龙点睛的功效.
精练：复习课上教师要精选不同类型的练习题进行精练.练习要针对不同的阶段,不同的问题和不同的复习内容,采用不同的练习方式,使学生对所学知识真正理解,熟练掌握,准确无误,标准规范,即达到精练的目的.
点评：在复习中要针对重点难点进行点评,结合精讲, 精练, 讲练结合,给学生介绍规律性的知识以及巧解,妙解,快解的方法.
在复习的整个过程中,预习的不足应该由提问来补充; 提问的不足应该由讨论来补充;讨论的不足应该由精练来补充;精练的不足又可由精讲来补充; 精讲和精练之不足又可由点评来补充. 六个环节中每个环节即有其独立的作用和目标,又可补充另一个环节的不足. 这样,通过六环节的相互补充作用,复习课的质量就会大大提高,学生的各种能力就会逐渐增强.小组合作复习法
“复习—归纳—练习—小结”
教师制订复习提纲:
*复习的内容, 范围;
*复习的重点,难点;
*复习的方法,步骤和参考资料;练习和作业
师生共同进行归纳
练习巩固 (检测复习效果,巩固提高)
自我小结 (做笔记)复习 “十六”字诀
照纲—按考纲内容进行知识的梳理总结,提炼精华.
顾面—进行全面系统复习.
抓点—在全面复习基础上,抓住重点,突破难点.
理线—发现知识之间的关系.滚动加厚.归类—深化知识,强化记忆.
助记—利用分类记忆,联想记忆,比较记忆,读写记忆,句意记忆,短文记忆等方法加强记忆.
精讲—突出重难点,语言简洁,画龙点睛.
善练—复习以基础题,常见题为主,打破思维定势，采用多种形式有效进行训练.读句子写单词
Don’t throw bottles away because it’s better to recycle them.
2. Try to use recycled paper because it saves energy.
3. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the biggest ancient palace in the world.
4. You are not allowed to take food into the library.
5. The museum is very familiar to Tom. He has been there many times. 连词填空
1.One cannot see wind, _____, it does exist.
2.The shop had closed, _____ we could not get the coat.
3._____it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go swimming with Jack.
4.I don’t want to go skating; _______, the ice is too thin.
5._______, it is important for us to learn English.
6._______, we should respect others.
7. At first, I had a running nose. ________I began to
cough. After that, I had a fever.
8. On one side of the school is a lecture hall. ____is a
library.连词填空
1.One cannot see wind, however, it does exist.
2.The shop had closed, so we could not get the coat.
3.If it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go swimming with Jack.
4.I don’t want to go skating; besides, the ice is too thin.
5. In a word, it is important for us to learn English.
6. In my opinion , we should respect others.
7. At first, I had a running nose. Then I began to
cough. After that, I had a fever.
8. On one side of the school is a lecture hall. on the
other side is a library.连句成文
My family was very large.
My family met at my grandparents’ every holiday.
There were never enough chairs.
I always had to sit on the floor. My family met at my grandparents’ every holiday. Because my family was very large, there were never enough chairs. As a result, I always had to sit on the floor.
She wanted to be successful.
She worked day and night.
She worked for a famous advertising agency.
She became the manager.She worked for a famous advertising
agency. Because she wanted to be
successful, she worked day and night.
Finally, She became the manager.He really wants to go swimming.
He has decided to go to the beach in
California.
His sister lives there.
He hasn’t seen her for six years.He really wants to go swimming,
so he has decided to go to the
beach in California, where
his sister lives there. He hasn’t
seen her for six years.重写句子
We paid a visit to a museum last Monday.
_______________________________
He leads a happy life there.
________________________________
The party will be held on Sunday.
________________________________
My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and reading a newspaper.
________________________________
I like playing basketball best.
________________________________We paid a visit to a museum last Monday.
We visited a museum last Monday.
He leads a happy life there.
He lives happily there.
The party will be held on Sunday.
We will hold the party on Sunday.
My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and
reading a newspaper.
My father was smoking in a sofa with a newspaper in
his hand.
I like playing basketball best.
My favorite sport is playing basketball.语言知识的厚度决定语言运用的高度!
A:
I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Zhang Bin. I’m seventeen years old. One of my favorite subjects is biology. I’m interested in drawing. In my spare time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature. I want to be a biologist when I grow up. B:I’m very glad to introduce myself to you. I was born in 1990 in Beijing. I come from a happy and warm family, which includes mother, father, my sister and me. Full of colorful and challenge school life, I find that I have learned many things and bettered my personality. As for the classes, I like history and English very much. But I am not good at maths and physics. This is the reason I choose history as my major in the university. I’m interested in collecting stamps, which help me learn a lot about history home and abroad. School life is still vivid in my mind. I think every student has one impression in common: we have too many numerous simulated examinations. Especially, during the last term, we were given numerous simulated examinations. Well, that’s part of the life. 练好内功：
英语学习的基石：词汇+语法
英语学习词为纲。
“Without grammar little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
挑战高分首先要过好词汇关。
更新教学观念，打破传统模式，强化思维训练，
夯实知识功底，以不变应万变！高分过关词汇基础词汇（1200）
size skin share salt smell soft simple
silent science screen ready reach
reason repair raise quiet public proud
price problem polite pleasure period
ocean office notice nation nature model
museum market minute machine medicine
main list lecture judge interest invite
imagine hurt hate hobby health gather
foreign fresh favorite eager during…关注小词的活用：
the impressionist school of painting
a children’s home an old people’s home
Try not to wake the whole house when you come in.
We must make sure that everyone gets equal shares of the food.
The value of my shares has fallen by 8%.
The teacher found it hard to keep her
class in order.
He has made up his mind, and nothing you can say will move him on this issue.冲刺高分的关键：突破中级词汇 special success satisfy select significance stadium section survive underline uniform reform remote reserve reduce rough realize occupation paragraph precious predict private promot purpose profit positive pretend prevent promise persuade punish result ruin mention memory measure mayor nervous narrow familiar fault habit expert encourage electricity express experiment especially equal disturb design diet declare devote describe deliver deadline custom courage create control confident common challenge balance avoid argue award accurate agent system talent transport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity precious oxygen media merchant merely majority infer instant inspire intend independent interrupt instruction instrument interview influence illegal impress immigrate environment emergency discriminate generous guilty gesture confuse convenient concrete comment adapt adult advantage apply appointment benefit exchange illegal inform influence province remark tradition witness Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because his lectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. 高分词汇的表达 Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. During coffee in the café, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for advice on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 07 8全国II卷：单词拼写试题
1. There’s a message from Karean on the phone.
2. This football game was broadcast live on TV across Europe.
3. They are going to celebrate this victory with music and dancing.
4. The majority of students find it quite hard to learn Chiness.
5. Very few people succeed in losing weight these days.
6.This book gives a short description of the city.
7. The doctor praised our daughter for her courage this morning.
8. There were pile of newspapers everywhere in the house.
9. Lisa, I didn’t recognize you—you have had your hair cut.
10. I usually just have a sandwich for lunch.
11. Mr. White announced that he would go to China in Febrary.
12. The story was first written in English and later translated in Chinese.
13. David turned and walked off in the opposite direction.
14. I suggest that we have regular meetings.学会整理词汇的方法，提高记忆词汇的质量！
*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量
1.scare a. a job
2.disturb b. worry sb
3.huge c. valuable
4.precious d. very
5.extremly e. luckily
6.merely f. frighten
7.fortunately g. only
8.occupation h. very large
9. significance i. thin
10. slim j. importance*利用同义词记忆，扩展词汇数量
1.scare a. a job
2.disturb b. worry sb
3.huge c. valuable
4.precious d. very
5. extremely e. luckily
6.merely f. frighten
7.fortunately g. only
8.occupation h. very large
9. significance i. thin
10. slim j. importance *利用英英释义记忆，扩展词汇数量
remote-
reform-
reliable-
symbol-
predict-
ruin-
equal-
deadline-
英英释义
remote- far from other place
reform- change sth to make it better
reliable- you can trust
symbol- a mark or picture that shows sth
predict- say what you think will happen
ruin- destroy sth completely
equal- the same as big, as good as another
deadline- time before which you must do sth
avoid-
award-
variety-
respond-
original-
majority-
instant-
aspect-
rescue-avoid- stay away stop sth from happening
award- give a prize or money to sb
variety- a lot of different things
respond- do or say sth to answer sb or sth
original- real, not copied
majority- most things or people in a group
instant- a very short time
aspect- one part of a problem, idea
rescue- save sb or sth from danger关注动词的搭配 accept, achieve, agree, allow, argue, attempt, attend, attract, avoid, beg, beat, benefit, blame, break, carry, catch, cause, change, choose, compare, decide, delay, deliver, depend, design, destroy, devote, discuss, divide, doubt, encourage, expect, explain, express, fail, fetch, force, forget, form, gather, grow, hear, hurt, imagine, include, interview, lead, lie, lift, mean, move, notice, obey, operate, permit, point, praise, promise, provide, prove, remain, raise, regard, regret, realize, seek, settle, share, spend, suffer, support, suppose, succeed, 动词短语
break down break up break out
call at call out call on call for
come down come up come in
come out come on come across
get along get away get back get down
get in get on get off get through
give back give in give out give away give up go away go out go over look after look at look for look out look up look down…. 冲刺高分---不仅认字多, 更要用字强! 通过填空、互译、默写、听写多种渠道运用记忆词汇。I only wear this suit on special occasions.
The relations between our two countries are improving.
These rules are intend to prevent accidents.
This method has the advantages of saving a lot of fuel.
The government has announced that
electricity charges will go up this summer.6. I compared the copy with the original, and there wasn’t much difference.
7. I like the style of his writing but I don’t like the content.
8. John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
9. He has made an important contribution to the company’s success.
10. The arrangement suits his convenience very well.11. Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work.
12. Heavy traffic is causing serious delays on all routes to the coast.
13. Their efforts to improve the school have been very effective.
14. Fortunately, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.
15. Listening to the music has a calming influence on her.16. The hotel offers the highest standards of comfort and service.
17. I’d like to go to the concert, but I haven’t any transport.
18. She didn’t like the work because it lacked variety, she was doing the same things all the time.
19. They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing the lost dog.
20. I get along with others easily, which is especially useful for a volunteer.21. Most of my friends like loud music that they can dance to. I prefer quiet, traditional music so the Chinese music concert suited me just fine.
22. Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money, but it’s usually quite convenient to take the underground train to most places.
23. Unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you.
24. We would like to travel to an exciting place and we don’t mind how far we have to go.25. It would be nice if we could get a room with a kitchen so we could save money by cooking our own meals.
26. These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
27. He sings for groups of people at the city hospital to cheer them up.
28. The most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident.
29 A small car is big enough for a family of three unless you need more space for baggage.
30. It’s not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.
31. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it contained.
32. If their marketing plans succeed, they will increase their sales by 20 percent.
33. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.34. The fact that she never apologized says a lot
about what kind of person she is.
35. I began to feel at home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces
36. My friend encourages me to take a summer
course to improve my reading skills.
37.As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
38. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help.39. Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.
40. The water will be further polluted unless some measures are taken.
41. We thought of selling this old furniture， but we have decided to hold on to it． It might be valuable．
42. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it．43. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car．
44. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
45. Wait till you are more certain. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
46. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. 47. Some students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad.
48. All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States.
49. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patience.
50. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily. 词汇理解练：
1.This restaurant was set up by two _______（woman) cooks. (women)
2. Two _____(visit) have just arrived and I want to give them something nice to eat. (visitor)
3. Alfred Nobel was born in _____(Swedish) on October 21st, 1833. (Sweden)
4. The warm water vapor in your ____(breathe) has become water on the cold glass.( breath)
5. Mrs. Green was ____ (worry) about their journey. (worried)
6. This change of state is called a _____(physics) change. (physical)7.We can ____ (translation) these books into French. (translate)
8. An army man came from the front and told Dr Bethune that ____ (medicine) workers should be sent to the front at once. (medical)
9. On their way, they met a group of ____(wound) soldiers. (wounded)
10. The doctor began to ____(operation) on the child. (operate)
11. He told the story to the ____(village). (villagers)
12. ____ (Swiss) is famous for its watches. (Switzerland )13.“Would you mind____ (tell) me what it is, sir?” he asked. (telling)
14. The young man was a bit ____(nerve). (nervous)
15. The Palace Museum is ____(location) in the center of Beijing. (located)
16. These beautiful and magnificent buildings show the ____(wise) of the Chinese people. (wisdom)
17. In the ____(twenty) century, women’s umbrellas began to be made in all kinds of colors. (twentieth)
18. This building was rebuilt again and again over the ____ (follow) year. (following)19. Have you been to the Working People’s ____(culture) Palace? (Cultural)
20. In 1620, the first ____(settle) arrived in North America from England. (settlers)
21. Mother asks him to buy some stamps and post a letter to his ____ (old) brother. (elder)
22. You may have used a computer at some time---perhaps a pocket ____(calculate). (calculator )
23. Wesley was born with the body of a ____(run). (runner)
24. It is true that all of us need ____(recreate ).
(recreation )
25. Everyone has his own way of ____(relax). (relaxations )26.We had the ____(tradition)
turkey for our Christmas dinner. (traditional)
27. Christmas was only a few days away and the two children in the Robinson family were very ____(excite ). (excited )
28. The children had already bought ____(them) lots of balloons. (themselves )
29. She ____ (discover )that the teacher had failed to find two mistakes in her work. (discovered )
30. The teacher was pleased with her ____ (honest ). (honesty )31.The boy noticed an ____ (correct)
mistakes on his paper, but he decided he was not going to say anything about it. (uncorrected)
32. Later, a ____ (discuss )
started about the problem. (discussion )
33. A ____ (Canada) scientist proved that the Englishman was right. (Canadian )
34. When people are ____(introduce )
to each other in Britain, they say “How do you do?” and shake hands. (introduced )
35. They shake hands after a long ____ (absent ). (absence )
36. When in Rome, do as ____ (Rome)
do. (Romans)37.Smoking is ____ (harm) to your health. (harmful )
38. I still remember ____ (smoke ) my first cigarette. (smoking )
39. They often read ____ (advertise )
in the newspaper. (advertisements )
40. Everybody must help to fight ____ (pollute )
. (pollution )
41. Zhang Hua ____ (weight )48 kilos. (weighs )
42. If you are in a ____(hurry ), you had better go by underground. (hurry )
43. It is cheap and ____(convenience) to go to school by bus. (convenient )44. The more a man learns, the more he sees his ____. (ignorant) (ignorance )
45. We must keep the balance of ____(natural).
(nature)
46. Mrs. Smith will be in charge during my ______(absent). (absence )
47. Winning three gold medals is a remarkable _______(achieve). (achievement )
48. We were shocked by the _______ (announce )
that the mayor was killed. (announcement )
49. All _____ (branch )of the government are having to cut costs.. (branches )
50. I don’t feel like getting involved in any New Year’s ______ (celebrate). (celebrations) 高分词汇训练：词不文记忆词汇！
（在记忆理解短文中，提高记忆词汇效果）
Frank was helping George prepare for his 1 interview. He wrote down all the possible questions the interviewer might be interested.
“The person interviewing you will 2 inquire about many things,” said Frank.
“What can they be interested in? Do you think they will want to know what musical 3 instrument I know how to play?” asked George .
“They will want to know what you intend to do with your life but it isn’t what they ask that is important. How you answer is important. They want to hear 4 inspiring answers, which show your 5 intelligence. If you make a bad impression, your chances will be over in an 6 instant. ” said Frank. “Here is a book. It’s an 7 instruction book on how to interview. It’s a good 8 instrument to use and inside you will find very good advice. I 9 insist you read this 10 instead of going into the interview not knowing what to do.”
George started to read right away. When he finished reading, he felt well prepared and confident.
高难度训练：无词填空
I’m not good at 1 __________ with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in 2 __________ and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3 __________ when talking with others 4 __________ those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 __________ in my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 __________ fashionable dresses for some pop stars in five years. From the above questions I come to 7 __________ that I have to more 8 __________ and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. I’m not interested in doing any of the 9 __________ jobs at all and I’m 10 __________ to be a designer in the near future.高难度训练：无词填空
I’m not good at 1 communicating with others such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speaking in 2 public and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3 ashamed when talking with others 4 especially those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 alone in my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 disturbed. From the above questions I come to 7 realize that I have to more 8 cheerful and open minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partner suggests that I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior. I’m not interested in doing any of the 9 listed jobs at all and I’m 10 determined to be a designer in the near future.背诵优秀短文强化记忆 （08全国II卷 完形）
From the time each of my children started school,
I packed their lunches. And in each time, I included a
note. Often written on a napkin, it might be a thank-
You for a special moment, a reminder of something we
were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for
the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they loved their notes. But as
children grow older they become self-conscious, and
By the time they reached high school, my older son,
Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily
notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read
them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated.
Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those days well, graduating from college, completing two internships in Washington, D.C., and particularly, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking for his lunch.
“Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”全国I卷：
Dear Alice,
I have just got some good news to tell (tell to you) you. I won (win) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleased (pleasing) that he suggested that I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to stay (staying) there for a half a month, visiting place (places) of interest and (or) practicing my English as well. We’ve been writing to each (other) for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talking (talk) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be on (at) vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.全国II卷：
If I have the honor to be chosen (chose) work for the Olympic Games, I will (at) first improve my English so that I can talk easily (about) withto foreign visitors. Second, I will learn more about (the) history of the Olympics as (good) well as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, since I (was) am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their (ways) way in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them (their) our great achievements. In short, I will do my best to help (making) make the Games a success.
科学有效记忆词汇, 提高词汇数量质量“五到”记忆: 读写背默记,眼耳嘴手脑齐动员,印象深刻记得牢;
循环记忆: 记过单词莫靠边,几天之后再看看,似忘非忘又复现,反反复复记心间;
分组记忆: 单词多了别心烦,分片分组来突破,五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片;
理解记忆:结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义,重点段落须背诵,理解深刻难忘记;语音记忆: 读音规律要掌握,拼写自然少出错;
归纳记忆: 同类词汇放一起,分类归纳好记忆;
对比记忆: 同义近义反义词,辨析比较来记忆,印象深刻记得牢;
构词记忆:前缀后缀有规律,转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一;
阅读记忆:课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记,只要坚持常阅读,一举多得大受益.
重视词汇复习,没有扎实的词汇基础拿高分就是纸上谈兵.备考中设计形式多样的词汇复习活动,夯实词汇基本功!利用话题联想记忆词汇Pollution: balance cause damage destroy environment forbid harmony illegal ignore
liquid material nuclear phenomenon plastic
occur protect quality reduce rescue resist ruin
smooth suffer surround survive system
Sports: accept adventure athlete audience ceremony benefit coach control defeat delay duty encourage entertainment equal fail injure inspire kick measure medal position reward rapid score stadium succeed struggleFeeling: admire amaze appreciate ashamed astonish awful anxious confident curious delight envy nervous optimistic patient puzzled quarrel regret respect scare sensitive
Education: academic arrange apply behave biology cause challenge character common congratulation courage culture degree devote experience express expert familiar graduate
intelligence instruction institute introduce interview mention method normal opinion refer regular request offer principle private permit provide schedule select senior uniform 一篇要点完整，表达无误的文章并不意味着是一篇高分作文。文章的词汇亮点是拿高分的关键。亮点就是要充分发挥你的创造性，拿创意分。例如05年一考生用“HOPE”一词概括全文主题“和谐社会”：
H means Honesty, which is to being honest to everyone. O means Love, that is to love country and our homeland. P means Protection, that is to protect animals and plants. E means energy, that is to save energy, resources…. 利用名言和谚语：例如莎士比亚作品“To be or not to be? That is the question!” 常见短语“server people heart and soul”
“To be a volunteer or not? It’s your own choice. However, once you have chosen to be a volunteer, you have to serve people heart and soul.” 这样的文章确实有创意，可以为文章增添色彩。高分过关语法吃透动词
动词时态: 321
复合句: 连词
非谓语动词:逻辑主语吃透动词在英文的词类中，动词是唯一能在英文句子中作谓语的词类，在英文句子中有着举足轻重的地位，就像物理学上杠杆的支点，支撑着英文里的句子结构；另一方面，英文动词在英文的词类中是变化最多、用法最广，也最复杂的词类。它不但又人称和数的变化，还有各种时态、语态、语气和动名词、分词和不定式等非人称代词变化。因此，在一定意义上，学好动词就等于掌握了英文文法非常关键的部分，就等于掌握了学好英文的钥匙！能驾驭动词的基本结构，就能支撑起语义表达的整体框架！
英语的动词有几种现象值得中国学生注意：
1、动词有行为动词、助动词、情态动词、连系动词和be动词之分。
2、英语动词形式有时态上的变化。
3、英语动词不但有时态的变化，还有及物和不及物之分。
4、同一个动词在不同语境中有不同的意思动词的分类三类动词：
一、不及物动词
1、连系动词 2、及物动词
二、及物动词*
1、单及物动词 2、双及物动词
3、复合及物动词
三、助动词
1、情态动词 2、助动词连系动词特点：不能独立构成谓语，只能起着连系主语和表语的作用，并与表语构成谓语。考查点（易错点）无被动式!
用法1：表示主语的某种特征或状态.
I am good at English.
He looks very excited.
It smells nice.
It feels soft.
常见的系动词：be feel look seem sound smell taste appear等。
用法2：表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态，常见的系动词有：become, grow, get turn
It’s growing dark. Turn on the light.
A man becomes learned by asking questions.
We get wiser as we get older.
注：考查热点，一些短语搭配：
go mad, come true, fall ill, go crazy, go bad, stand still，get paid, get separated等
用法3：表示主语保持某一种状态，如keep, remain等。
They remained silent.
We should keep calm in the situation.
不及物动词特点：可以单独构成谓语，但是不能有宾语，所以无被动式。
用法：
Oil and water don’t mix.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
注：一些不及物动词可以表示被动的意义。
The door locks easily.
The new mobile phone will sell well. 及物动词我们把需要带宾语的动词称为及物动词，并且根据动词对宾语的不同要求把它们分为单及物动词、双及物动词和复合及物动词。掌握动词的及物动词重点和难点。
单及物动词：动词后只跟一个动词。
He can speak English.
双及物动词：
He gave John an apple.
allow, bring, get, give, hand, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, refuse, return, show, send…
复合及物动词：一些及物动词不但要求后面跟宾语，而且还要对宾语进一步的补充说明，句子的意义和结构才完整，这类动词称为复合及物动词，对宾语进行补充说明的部分称为宾语补足语。
用法1：可以用名词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider等。
I found her a good companion on the tour.
They consider Paris the heart of the country.
用法2：可以用形容词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：make, keep, like, wish, see, turn, suppose, find, get, set, leave等。
Please keep the room clean.
I have never seen her so sure of herself.
用法3：可以用分词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：see, hear, watch, keep, feel, find, get, have, notice, obverse, order等。
I heard them quarreling in the next room.
Can you smell something burning?
I had my hair cut yesterday. 用法4：可以用不定式作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：ask, tell, invite, allow, help, wish, want, hate, expect, encourage, advise, request, permit, order等。
We invited him to attend our party.
We requested him to put a stop to an unfriendly acts.
用法5：可以用副词作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：have, find, wish, get, turn, let等
I won’t let you down.
They left me well behind.用法6：可以用介词短语作宾语补语的复合及物动词常见的有：keep, find, leave, get, wish, consider, make, hold, work, bring, put等。
We soon got the situation under control.
We found him in high spirits.
They consider it of great importance.
注： it可以做不定式的形式补语；从句做补语
The teacher made it a rule to speak English in class.
It was made a rule to speak English in class.
We may call it what you please.按照动词的词义和分类形成的5种基本句型:
1.系表结构
He got angry.
2.主语+不及物动词+（状语）
He got there in time.
3.主语+单及物动词+宾语
Where did you get these ideas?
4.主语+双及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
I’ll get you a cup of tea.
5.主语+复合及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
You’ll get your shoes wet.分类—系动词 不及物动词 及物动词
1. The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so. （系动词）
2. Although he has lived with us for years, he hasn’t left us much impression.（不及物动）
3. I fell asleep while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommates woke me up in time!（系动）
4. The meeting really came alive when she stood up to make her speech.（系动）
5. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. （不及物动）6. --I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
--Sounds good.（系动）
7. The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. （系动）
8. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.（及物动）
9. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you had on yesterday.（及物动）
10. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didn’t allow her to do so. （及物动）动词时态3213个一般时
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
2个进行时
现在进行时 过去进行时
1个完成时
现在完成时关注热点时态表达的语义：
1. When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
（过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作）
2. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.（一般过去代替过去将来）
3. It’s time you were in bed. （特定句型）
4. We used to swim everyday when I were children. （特定句型）
5.Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. (有迹象要发生的事）
6. You are to hand in your papers next Saturday.
（表示按计划或职责、义务要求要发生的动作）
7. The English evening is about to start.
（表示马上要做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week等表示时间的状语连用。）
8.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
（一般现在时表示将来情况主要是与时刻表有关。）
9. We’ll begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
（时间、条件从句用一般时代替将来时）10. I hope they have a nice day next weekend.
（动词hope, take care that, make sure that等词后用一般时代替将来时,如Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.)
11. I’m leaving tomorrow.
（一些动词用进行时表示将来，表示打算、安排即将发生的动作，如come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等）
12. Use your head and you will find a way.
（“祈使句+and/or+句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。）13. She is always changing her clothes.
（现在进行时往往会表示说话人的主观色彩，如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等。）
14. He is always working hard.
15. I’m hoping you’ll give us some suggestions.
（等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气）
16. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.
（延续动作长的用进行时，短的用一般时）
17. The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.
（两个都是延续动作则都用进行时）18. They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
（现在完成时有标志性的时间状语：for+时间段； since+时间段；lately, recently, just, already, yet, till now, up to now, in the past few years, during the last three months等）
19. This is my first time that I have visited China.
20. That is the only book that he has written.
（表示几次，或在It is +the best (most+adj) +名词+that后面跟现在完成时）
巩固练习
1、我们今晚准备到外面吃饭。
2、火车在十分钟后开出。
3、她打算在我们这里呆一个月。
4、我写完了这些信就把它们寄出去了。
5、这个小镇发生了巨大的变化。
6、他说他如果不忙他就会来。
7、你还在这里。我还以为你已经离开了。
8、我们该去睡觉了。
9、--你在找我吗？
--对。我希望你能帮我画这幅画。
巩固练习答案
1、我们今晚准备到外面吃饭。
We are dinning out this evening.
2、火车在十分钟后开出。
The train is starting in ten minutes.
3、她打算在我们这里呆一个月。
She is staying with us for a month.
（现在进行时表示计划或安排将要发生的动作.）
4、我写完了这些信就把它们寄出去了。
I will post the letters as soon as I have written them.
5、这个小镇发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in the small town.
6、他说他如果不忙他就会来。
He said he would come if he was not busy.
（条件从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时）
7、你还在这里。我还以为你已经离开了。
You are still here. I thought you had left.
8、我们该去睡觉了。
It is time (that) we went to bed.
9、--你在找我吗？--对。我希望你能帮我画这幅画。
-Did you want me?
-Yes. I hoped you would help me with the painting.
*一般过去时表示一种比较客气的说法或者表示婉转：
I was hoping you could come.
I am hoping you could come.
I hoped you could come.
常见动词有：hope, want, wonder等。从句连词重点：关联词的灵活运用
宾语从句：
whether, why, how，
状语从句：
unless, in case, before, although
定语从句：
in which, where, whenI returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He had’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
（一连串的短句，单调乏味）
When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
（改动后的段落文字生动，意义更明确。）从句与表达English becomes more important. All of us know the fact. Our society is more open to the world. But it is difficult to learn. I have learned English for seven years. But I still can not master it well. And we haven’t an environment.
（简单句堆积，语义缺乏连贯，句型没有变化）It is well known that English has become increasingly important, especially to a society more open to the outside world. It is difficult, however, to have a better command of it----although I have learned English for 7 years----because of the lack of an English-speaking environment. （句型复杂有变化，语义连贯有层次，表达生动有力。） Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because his lectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. 连词填空 Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. During coffee in the café, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for advice on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 掌握非谓语动词用法的关键点1. 谓语还是非谓语
错误：
Mary, coming here – everybody else,
stay where you are. (NMET2006)
正确：
Mary, come here – everybody else,
stay where you are.2. 主动还是被动
错误：
When compared different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06浙江)
正确：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 错误：
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explaining often enough. (05天津)
正确：
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it explained often enough. 3. 动作发生在过去还是将来
错误：
--Is Bob still performing?
--I’m afraid not. He is said to leave the stage already as he has become an official. (05江苏)
正确：
--Is Bob still performing?
--I’m afraid not. He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official. Dear Editor, （05全国卷）
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.分词的作用:
使语言更简洁
使语言更形象
使语言更富有内涵
分词的功用:
定语:
状语:
补语
分词难点:动词特点—时态和语态明确提高英语成绩的关键
1.克服母语的影响:
英文中有动词的时态变化,而中文却没有.
英文中有名词的复数变化,而中文却没有.
英文中的定语往往后置,而中文的定语多半前置.
英文的状语和中文的状语在句子结构中有不同位置.
在英语语法复习过程中, 首先要克服来自母语习惯的干扰,努力培养英语的语言习惯.在平时的练习中,一定要养成一个习惯,即:凡是用到动词就自然想到它的恰当时态、语态、语气以及是谓语还是非谓语。凡是用到名词时就一定要注意单数和复数的问题。这样有意识地培养英语的语言习惯，就能够减少语言错误。
2.在实践中培养语感：
语法给了我们语言的基本规则，而良好的语感使我们能直觉地正确判断和使用语言。语法是可以讲授和学习的，而语感却难以直接传授。良好的语感在高考中不仅对做答单项填空试题有利，对阅读理解试题、听力试题和作文试题也会有很大帮助。我们如果能脱口说出没有任何语法错误的句子，例如：This is one of the best books I have ever read.
Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born。或者当你听到或见到这样的句子就感到不对，
例如：I have bought many book.
They are persons I’d like to make
friends. 那么，我们就有了一定的语感。如
果能脱口就说出正确的句子，在写的时候就不
会丢三落四。同时也就能不费力地写出正确的
句子。口头练习对对于巩固和培养正确的语言
习惯是非常重要的。避免中式英语的途径 “不
写没读过的句子.”
文科状元经验谈
“完形填空”在高考中占分值达到30分该试题对语法,词汇,阅读,理解等多项英语能力都有所考查,综合性很强.我的一个小习惯帮了我的大忙.在高考复习中,我坚持每天用固定的时间进行朗读英语,虽然高考中没有一道试题是针对朗读开展,但是我发现朗读能让我比较容易地找到对英语的感觉.而完形填空最终考查的就是一种感觉.在做完形填空试题时会选读起来最通顺的选项,这个读起来最通顺的选项又恰好就是正确答案.在高考完形填空试题只错了一个空.这种脱口成章的语言自由运用状态,才是语言学习的根本和真正目的.明确影响阅读的因素背景知识
缺乏必要的背景知识是造成阅读困难的主要原因之一.
词汇
词汇的扩充是阅读理解的主要组成部分.词汇量的大小预示着阅读能力的高低. 词汇量的缺乏,不能自动解码是构成阅读困难的首要原因.句法结构
句法结构的陌生同样会给理解带来困难,不过句法所造成的理解障碍远不如词汇所带来的困难.
阅读策略
阅读策略是有效阅读的保证. 不正确运用阅读策略就很难在规定的时间内完成阅读任务.
兴趣
兴趣可以加深读者对材料的理解,而缺乏兴趣常常是有效阅读的障碍.阅读备考建议
1、“读广”即：阅读的题材和体裁要广，文章应包括科技、人文、天文、地理、艺术与教育等。
2、“读长”即：要与泛读相结合，要读相当量的小说和长篇，要有目的和要求的去读，通过读培养自己的阅读兴趣和习惯。3、“读新”即：要读新鲜鲜活的材料，那些代表新观念、新技术、新产品、新人物（热点人物）、新事物的阅读材料应该是我们首选的。
4、“读深”即：文章要有一定的深度，要有经得起琢磨和分析的好篇章，段落，要有一定的难句和复杂句以及复杂结构。
5、“读快”即：要通过快速阅读来训练学生的阅读速度，每分钟要达到60-70个词。高分写作
1. 明确评分标准 优秀作文要求：完全完成了试题规定的任务
*覆盖所有内容要点
*应用了较多的语法结构和词汇
*有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文
结构紧凑
2.强化句式训练
句式多样化，文段才潇洒
句式多样化是英语作文得取高分的重要保证。因此，要特别重视灵活变化的句式，注意句子的主动被动、句子的长短、句型之间的搭配等。这样才能使文章读起来富有生气。技巧1 变化句子的长度
长句是用来表达比较复杂的思想或作为细节的描写；而简洁的短句常起到强调的作用，用来表达结论、重点以及重要事实非常恰当。因此最好在写作中根据不同的情况变化句子的长度。交错使用长短句，增加语言的表现力。
*在不影响意思表达的前提下，删除一些词或短语
In my opinion, I think we should get there as quickly as we can.
I think we should get there as quickly as we can.
*用单词替代词组
Joe entered the classroom without making any noise.
Joe entered the classroom quietly.
*用短语代替句子
Please take care of my cat when I am away.
Please take care of my cat during my absence.
*使用固定句型
As soon as we left the house, it began to rain.
We had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.技巧 2 改变句子结构
为了避免文章平淡、呆板，写作中除了可以使用基本句型外，还可以运用其它不同的句式，如强调句、被动句、否定句等。
*改变修饰成分的位置
He closed the door quickly.
Quickly he closed the door.
People can get around freely with a car.
With a car, people can get around freely.不定式开头：
He got up early to catch the first bus.
To catch the first bus, he got up early.
分词开头：
If you give me enough time, I can do it well.
Given enough time, I can do it well.
After he finished the exercise, he went out.
Finishing the exercise, he went out. *主动或被动
Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
*肯定或否定
I shall go there if it does not rain.
I shall go there unless it rains.
*使用强调句
Helen and Linda prepared the dinner.
It was Helen and Linda who prepared the dinner.高考就是考复习透析高考命题走向，如何把英语读薄？高考试题的命题原则、命题思路主要是侧重学生综合能力的检测。试卷中看不到书本的内容，但是测试的知识点是书本内的。因为考能力，准确地说，就是考你使用知识的能力，命题背景和材料是书本外的，但需要运用的知识点是书本内的，不会超出中学教学大纲的范围。学在课堂考在课外。考纲规定的知识范围就是学科的主干知识，高考要求运用的，就是高考说明中所规定的知识点。课外内容主要就是指命题的情景、设计的背景材料，这些材料是我们生活和社会发展的一些现象和事件。高考命题的要求是要考生运用自己的学习能力和学科能力来解决这些内在联系，要检测的就是考生运用书本内的知识点来解开这些联系的能力。所以，高考试题看起来好像考课外内容，其实万变不离其宗，最后要运用的还是课堂所学的一些基础知识。高考就是考方法
“有效偏科”“重点突破”法等。
“有效偏科”策略就是“哪壶不开就提哪壶”，越是感觉困难大的内容就越是要努力拿下来，“啃的就是硬骨头”。同时集中优势兵力，打开一个突破口，如对完形填空试题来个“重点突破”，“失分大户”变成“得分大户”，整体英语成绩也自然会提高。不做学习上的 “矮人”
不做学习上的 “笨人”
不做学习上的 “懒人”
在复习备考中
学会学习,享受学习，
考入理想大学! Thank you Thank you!