Unit 4 Astronomy 学案（共4课时）

Unit 4 Astronomy
The science of the stars
AIMS
1. 了解地球生命的起源和进化过程
2. 掌握本单元的词汇和习惯用法
3. 掌握名词性从句主语从句的用法
4. 训练阅读技巧。
PROCEDURES
Period 1 time
Step1.vocabulary
1.violent ( adj. ) a violent storm __________________
Violent -------violence
电视上有太多的暴力。 There is too much _______on Tv.
2.in time __________________
They learned to accept their stepmother in time. (Translate )
___________________________________________
如果你努力学习，你迟早会成功的。
If you work hard, _________________________________.
3.unlike (prep.) dislike ( v. )
The girl is ______her mother , she looks like her father.
The boy _____apples,but he likes oranges.
4.harmful (adj. )
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。 Fruit juices can be _____to children’s teeth.
Harm (n.)
这起诉讼案将严重损害我的生意。
The court case will do serious ____ to my business.
Harm ( v. )
他永远不会伤害任何人。 He would never _____anyone.
Harmless (adj. )
这种细菌对人无害。The bacteria is _____to humans.
1. lay eggs _____________________
用lie 的的适当形式填空
Yesterday he ____again, which made me very angry.
He ______down and went to sleep quickly.
The cuckoo (杜鹃)______eggs in other birds’ nests.
2. exist (vi.)
其他行星上有生命吗？ Does life _____on other planets
Existence (n. )
I was unaware of his ________ until today.
直到今天我才知道他这么一个人。
3. give birth to _________________________
Mary ______ _______ ____ a healthy baby girl.
玛丽生了个健康的女婴。
4. in one’s turn _________________
We should ,____ _____ ______,clean our classroom.
我们应该轮流打扫教室。
5. prevent…from =stop …from =keep …from __________________________
The sunglasses can ______our eyes _____the sunlight.
眼镜可以保护我们免于太阳的照晒。
6. puzzle (v. )
What _______me is why he left the country without telling anyone.
令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄的离开了这个国家。
用puzzling (adj.) puzzled (adj. ) 填空
The news is _______
We are _______by the news .
She had a ______look on her face.
Answers:
1.暴风骤雨 violence 2.过了一段时间，迟早，最后 他们最后学会了接受他们的继母。 You’ll succeed in time. 3. unlike dislikes 4.harmful harm harm harmless 5.产卵，下蛋 lied lay lays 6.exist existence 7. 分娩 gave birth to 8.轮流，接着 in our turn 9.阻止；制止 prevent from 10.puzzles puzzling puzzled puzzled
How life began on the earth
Step2. Scan the text and choose the best answer
1. How did the atmosphere on the earth appear
A. It came from the oceans
B. It came from the explosion
C. It came from space
D. It came from th forests
2. In our solar system,why does life only exist on the earth
A. Because it is very warm on the earth.
B. Because it is cool enough on the earth
C. Because there is plenty of water on the earth
D. Because it is big enough
3. Why did plants appear earlier than animals
A. Because plants could produce oxygen ,which was important for animals
B. Because plants were more advanced than animals
C. Because animals needed more water
D. Because plants needed more water
4. According to the passage ,we can know_________
A. only the earth has life on it in space
B. oxygen in the apmosphere on the earth came from the Big Bang
C. humans are the cleverest animals of the earth
D. plants played an important part in the appearance of animals
answers: B C A B
Period 2 time
Step1.Read the passage again and complete the following
several billion years after the Big Bang : The earth was still just _______________
between 4.5and 3.8 million years ago :
⑴ The dust settled into _______________
⑵ The earth ________loudly
⑶ Water began to __________
Many millions of years later :
⑴ Small plants began to appear on _______________
⑵ shelfish and other fish appeared
Next : Green plants began to ______________,then followed by __________,for example_________
Later : ⑴ forest came into being
⑵ ________appeared for the first time
After that: _______developed ,but 6.5 million years ago, _____________ended.
About 2.6 million years ago: clever animals with ___________appeared
Answers: a cloud of dust a solid globe exploded appear the surface of the water grow on land land animals amphibians repitles dinosaurs the age of the dinosaurs hands and feet
Step2. Read the text again and try to complete the passage.Then read it again and again,and try to recite it.
According to a widely _____,the universe began with a “Big Bang”.To the earth ,what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion ago when the dust settled into a solid _____.Later,water and _____began to appear and the water was to be _____to the development of the life.
After millions of years,the first small plants_____and filled the water with oxygen,which encouraged the late development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. The green _____ began to grow, which were followed by land animals such as insects,amphibians,reptiles,and dinosaurs.The produced young general by ______eggs.However,about 65 million years ago,dinosaurs _____suddenly.Then came the _____which gave birth to young babies and produced milk to feed them.Finally, about 2.6million years ago,_____,appeared and spreaded.Unfortunately, the earth are damaged so much by human that many serious problems come forth to be settled.
Answers: theory globe atmosphere fundamental multiplied plants laying disappeared mammals human
Step3. some difficult sentences
Others ,called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.
另外一些被叫做两栖动物的动物既能在陆地上生活，也能在海里生活。
Called amphibians 是过去分词做定语，相当于定语从句which were called amphibians.
Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. (translate )
_________________________________________________________________.
2.The earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能会变得太热而不适合生存。
Too …to 结构可表述否定意义。意思是太……而不能
如：他太小而不能上学。
_________________________________________.
但是too 后接ready 时，无否定意思。如
I am too ready to play games. (translate ) _____________________________________.
Answers:十分之九的人就这个产品接受采访时说他们喜欢。 He is too young to go to school. 我渴望做游戏。
Period3 time
Step1. Vocabulary
1.pull n.
Nobody can escape ____ _____ ____ the earth’s gravity.
没有人能够逃离地球的引力。
Pull (v. )
You push and I’ ll pull . (translate )
_______________________________________
Pull your chair nearer the table. (translate )
____________________________________________.
2.cheer up ___________________________
听到这个消息，我们高兴的欢呼起来。
We ____ _____when we heard the news.
3.now that ________________
既然你已经知道了，我就没有必要再告诉你了。
_____ _____ _____ ______ already known about it, thers’s no need for me to tell you any longer.
4.break out _______________
二战爆发时， 他正在中国。
He was in China when War Ⅱ ________ _______.
5. watch out __________
小心。车来了。
______ _______!There’s a car coming.
Answers:
1. the pull of 你推我拉。 把你的椅子拉近桌子。 2.感到高兴，感到振奋 cheered up 3.既然 Now that you have 4.突发，爆发 broke out 5.密切注视，当心 Watch out
Step2. Read the passage P30-31,and choose the best answers
1. When we were going up,we felt _______
A. We were pressed against our seats.
B. We were lighter than we are on the earth.
C. As if we were flying.
D. The rocket was shaking strongly.
2. Why can’t the spaceship fall back to the earth
A. Because the moon’s gravity pulls it up.
B. Because it is too far away from the earth.
C. Because the earth has no gravity.
D. Because the spaceship is not very heavy.
3. When I was on the moon,I felt I was _____than I am on the earth.
A. slower B.heavier C. cleverer D.lighter
4.The passage mainly talks about______
A. What the moon is
B. my visit to the moon.
C. differences between the earth and the moon.
D. Li yanping, my friend,who is an astronaut.
Answers: A B D B
Step3. some difficult sentences
1. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
⑴ A + be + 倍数 + 形容词原级 + as + B
This tree is three times as tall as that one. (translate )
___________________________________________________.
⑵ A + be +倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B
The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs.
(translate ) _________________________________________________________.
⑶ A + be +倍数 + the + 名词（size,length ,amount ）+ of +B
The newly broadened square is four times the sizes of the previous one.
(translate )___________________________________________________________.
2. We watched ,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
Amazed 是过去分词，此次做状语。
如： 他进来的时候没有人注意到。 He came in ____________________________.
Answers:1.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 我们班里的学生的人数比他们班里的多三倍。 新加宽的广场是先前的那个的四倍。2. seen by nobody
Period4 time
GRAMMAR
Subject clauses
Step.1 Discovering structures
Read the following sentences and find out their subjects
1. Zhou jielun got up early so as to catch the first bus.
2. He is always ready to help others.
3. Seeing is believing.
4. To read English every morning does you a lot of good.
5. Who will go to the concert is not known.
6. Where they will hold the meeting is not decided.
7. That we must master English words as many as possible is very important.
8. Whether he will come to see me doesn’t matter much.
9. It is obvious that this hard work has made him older than others.
10. It is hoped that you will be able to visit our city in the future.
探究
上面句子的主语分别是_____________________,
1到4个句子和5-8个句子的主语的不同之处是__________;9-10个句子的主语的特点是_____________________________
归纳： 做句子_________________的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词通常有：
从属连词： that __________________连接代词： what ________ 连接副词：how _____
It is +adj./n.(v.pp)+that clause中，It 做的是________主语，而真正的主语是______________
问句作主语从句时，应把_______语序变成 ________语序。
Answers: 1-4的句子的主语是词，而5-8个句子的主语是从句，it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句。 主语 whether who which whatever … where why when 形式 后面的从句 疑问 陈述
Step2. Complete the following senteces
1.(谁将去接他 )_____________________________is not decided.
2.哪个班会赢得这场足球赛到现在还不清楚.
_________________________________________ is not clear so far.
3.他能否买到飞机票并不太重要。
_____________________________does not matter much.
4. 他为什么哭大家都不知道。________________________is unknown.
5. 他什么时候出国的事正在被讨论中。
____________________________________is being discussed.
6. It is clear __________________________(他在撒谎。)
Answers: Who will go and meet him Which class will win the football match Whether he can buy the ticket Why he cried When he will go aboard that he is lying
Step3.Read the following passage and complete it with the suitable clauses below.Tell which is a subject clause and which is an object clause.
_________is not only a question which interests biologists and geologists.It is a favorite topic for discussion for physicsists and astronomers.They would like to know _________________because this may ______________is uncertain,but water and food supply decreased and so the dinosaurs gradually died out. However,the mammals survived.Other scientists believe__________.As a result of this event,a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. Without sunlight,most plants soon died and so many dinosaurs species became extinct. Since the last ice age,the climate of the earth has not changed very much. However, _______is a concern for everybody on earth.
1. How dinsaurs disappeared
2. that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance
3. that the earth slowly became hot and dry dozens of millions of years ago
4. why dinosaurs became extinct
5. how the climate changed
6. whether the climate will change again
answers: 1 4 3 5 2 6