2004年～2008年福建省高考英语单项填空试题分析与复习建议

2004年～2008年福建省高考英语单项填空试题分析与复习建议
《2008年福建省英语学科考试说明》对单项填空的命题要求：“单项填空的命制要强调语法和词汇知识在特定语境中的应用和情景理解。命题要特别注意语用和情景理解的设置，并保证主干知识的覆盖面，增加综合性和语境化因素。”本大题难度值控制在0.6左右为宜。根据近几年我省的高考题可以看出，题目主要设置微型语境，把测试重点从语言形式转到语言意义上，考查的内容没有超出《考试说明》的命题要求。《2009年福建省英语学科考试说明》对单项填空的命题要求也特别强调“要特别注意语境的设置”。下面以2004~2008福建省高考试题为例，结合《考试说明》中语法项目表进行分析，笔者希望能给09届的老师提供一些参考。
一、试题分析
词类方面主要考查：1、名词；2、冠词；3、代词；4、形容词与副词；5、动词；6、介词；7、连词。下面分类详析。（注：以下题例的年份及题号均按原样，不做任何改动。）
1. 名词考点:1) 名词的数(可数与不可数; 单数与复数)
例：(05)22. —Would you like C , sir?
—No, thanks. I have had much. （区分可数与不可数）
A. some more oranges B. any more oranges
C. some more orange D. any more orange
2)近义词辨析(形近或义近) ，这是近几年的趋势。
例：(06) 35.Always read the _____ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. (B)
A.explanstions B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions
(07) 31. —You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret?
—Taking plenty of exercise every day. (D)
A. power B. strength C. force D.energy
(08) 32. What’s the ______ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? (A)
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
另外，《考试说明》里要求的名词所有格；专有名词这两个考点要给予重视。
2. 冠词考点:冠词的一般用法 1.不定冠词的用法2.定冠词的用法3.不用冠词的情况
笔者认为，此考点比较灵活，复习时要特别注意一般用法中的特例。如：
(1)不可数名词(物质名词/抽象名词)转化为可数名词时要用冠词。例：
(07) 22.—How about Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was success. (B)
A.a; a B.the; a C.a;不填 D.the; 不填
(2)抽象名词被一个限定语修饰时要加冠词。例：
(04) 23. It is ____ world of wonders, _____ world where anything can happen. (B)
??? A. a; the???????? B. a; a????????C. the; a?????D. 不填; 不填
(3)固定习语。老师们注意，冠词不是每年都考，考的也是一般用法。
3. 数词考点:基数词与序数词
本考点在我省高考中没出现过;但今年的《考试说明》中多了附录表七：数词。
4. 代词考点: 人称代词; 物主代词; 反身代词; 疑问代词; 指示代词;不定代词
每年必考1题，而且基本上是考不定代词，所以复习时重点复习不定代词，且教会学生如何分析语境，判断正确的选项。
如: —Which of these two ties will you take?
— I’ll take ___①__, to give me a change sometimes.
I’ll take ___②__, they look nearly the same.
I’ll take __ ③___, they aren’t very beautiful.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
①选D.both,因为我有时要替换；② A.either任意一条，因为它们看起来差不多；③B.neither两条都不，因为它们都不好看。所以，同一道题，给出的语境不同，答案就不同。
5. 形容词 / 副词考点:比较级、最高级
2008年《考试说明》要求考点较多，但今年只要求比较级和最高级。纵观近几年高考，我们也可以发现主要考查比较等级。如：
(04)29. The number of people present at the concert was _____ than expected. There were many tickets left. (A)
A. much smaller?? B. much more????? C. much larger??? D. many more
本题既考查词的用法,又要考虑语境。由下文tickets剩很多得知出席的人少了。
(05) 34. —Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for?
—I had planned to. But I was ￡50 . (B)
A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short
但近义词辨析却是一种命题趋势，如：
(06) 26.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _____. (A)
A.friendly B.various C.common D.changeable
(08) 26. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _(A)_ to people greeting him.
A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold
(08省质检1 ）28. —Is it safe enough to stand here, Mon?
— No, come a bit ____ to me, honey. (C)
A. close B. closely C. closer D. more closely
(08省质检2 ）35.The ____ flight CA9525 for 11:30 a.m. is to be put off due to the stormy weather. (D) A. ordinary B. common C. formal D. regular
另外：形容词与介词构成固定词组，如：for sure, in brief, in common, in the open, on the whole，on the contrary, in particular, etc. ；倍数比较的句型搭配；与than搭配的词组more than, other than, rather than, no more than等的用法也要稍微留意一下。
6. 动词考点：（1）动词的基本形式（2）行为动词的及物性和不及物性（3）连系动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 （6）动词的时态 （7）动词的被动语态 （8）动词的不定式 （9）动词的-ed形式 （10）动词的-ing形式
动词仍然是重要考点，其中情态动词；时态、语态；非谓语动词是每年必考的。(注：题例见附录)
情态动词除了掌握can/could, may/might, must/have to, ought to/should/shall, will/would/ used to, dare/need的基本用法外，笔者认为，老师复习时要求学生特别注意几点：(1)情态动词+不定式的完成体的用法 (2)情态动词表示猜测的用法 (3)should 在虚拟语气中的使用(可以省略）(4)shall 用在第二、第三人称中表示许若、命令、警告等的使用 (5)must作 “偏要,硬要”解 (6)can表示一时的可能性等。
时态要求掌握八种时态（1）一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)过去将来时）和六种时态的被动语态（1）一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)现在完成时(6)带情态动词的被动语态）。设题一般会提供一定的语境，也就是在语境中考时态。所以复习时注意分析语境，不能硬套语法条条。（注：2009年的考试说明在时态方面增加两条：将来进行时和现在完成进行时）
例：(06) 24.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane__B__.
A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off
分析：这里用现在进行时表示将来的动作。
再如：
(07) 21.—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
—Impossible. She D TV with me in my home then.
A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching
分析：由上句语境得知，这里的动作是指昨晚八点的时候在看电视。
非谓语动词考点： 08年《考试说明》对本考点要求比较具体，如：不定式要求 (1) 不定式作主语,宾语,宾补,状语,定语,表语 （2）不定式用在how, when, where, what, which, who, whether等疑问词后面；过去分词(定语,表语,宾补,状语)；-ing形式(主语,宾语, 定语,表语,宾补,状语)。而09年《考试说明》只列了三条（1）动词不定式（2）动词的-ing形式3）动词的-ed形式。 再者，从试题分析来看，基本上考得最多的是非谓语动词作状语。如：04年（27）、05年（29）考不定式作状语；05年（33）和06年（33）考过去分词作状语；08年（22）考现在分词作状语。其次是考分词（现在分词和过去分词）。如：07年（24）题靠过去分词作宾补，26题考现在分词作宾补； 04年（34）考现在分词作宾语；08年（33）考过去分词作定语。
还有短语动词搭配、常用动词的辨析也是常考的，主要是动词与介词或副词的搭配。
如：~ over; ~ out; ~ on; ~ through; ~ in; ….
7. 介词考点: 短语中介词的固定搭配
笔者建议在考纲中，教材中出现的短语要熟记；还要注意一些看似简单,却易错的搭配，特别是同一名词搭配不同介词时，意思不同的题。如：
(07) 32.Although A my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.
A.against B.on C.for D.in （D是干扰项）
(08) 23. A great man shows his greatness __D__ the way he treats little men.
A. under B. with C. on D. by
类似的还有：be different from / be different in; be similar to / be similar in; be familiar to / be familiar with等等。所以，解题时要注意语境分析，不能死背,死套词组。
句法方面主要考查：
1．句子的种类：陈述句；疑问句（反意疑问句；双重疑问句）；祈使句；感叹句（what ;how)
例：(05)26. Mum is coming. What present C for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
(06) 29.I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, __B__?
A.hadn’t you B.wouldn’t you C.aren’t D.didn’t she
2．句子的成分：主语；谓语；表语；宾语；双宾；宾补；定语；状语
3．主谓一致关系
4．简单句的五种基本句型
5．并列复合句（祈使句+and/or+简单句）
6．主从复合句（即连词的考查）名词性从句；状语从句。考过的连词有：before(04,06年) when(05,08年) what(07,08年) once(07年) 。定语从句04至07都没考，08年考了一题介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。命题趋势是题数所占比例在逐年增加。（注：题例见附录）
7．倒装句（05和06年各一题；07和08年没考）。
8．省略句（08年考一题，05至07年没考）。
其他考点：
　　１．语用（日常交际） 2．插入语 3．强调句型 4．it的用法（形式主语或形式宾语）。其中日常用语必考，而其它三项在我省高考题单项填空中还没有出现过，所以复习时是不是应该加以留意。
二、复习建议
1．认真学习2009年《考试说明》的命题要求，注意其中与08年不同的部分。2009年的考试说明语法项目中除了在时态、形容词、副词、介词方面与2008年有所区别外，在句法方面还增加了“强调句；虚拟语气和间接引语”。另外，并列连词和主谓一致这两个考点在我省高考题单项填空中没出现过；对定语从句、省略和倒装考查的比例也较小，所以，复习时可能要特别注意。
2．注重实际，突出语境，寓语法规则于实际运用中。
从上面分析可知，高考单项填空的设题是符合《考试说明》的命题要求的，即考查语法和词汇知识在特定语境中的应用。题目多数设置充分的语境，测试重点已不是单纯语言知识，而是语言运用。
3．以动词为主线，兼顾其它词类。
从以上分析得知，动词仍然是重要考点。几乎每年高考中，本部分一般出现1题情态动词；2题时态和语态； 2至3题 非谓语动词；1题短语动词；有时还会出现1题动词的习惯搭配，所以仅动词就占了该部分将近一半的题量。
4．以连词为引子，复习各种句型。
近几年高考对复合句的考查和各种特殊句型的考查比例在逐年增加，希望能引起老师们注意。
总之，单项填空考查的是语法基础知识及基础知识在特定语境中的辨别和用法，还有对习语固定搭配的识记和理解。所以复习时，老师不宜面面俱到地进行讲解，而应该加强学生在信息交流中对语言符号的感知能力，强调以语言实践为基础的心理感受和语法项目在日常生活中的功能。平时训练时，尽量选择有语境设置的题目，多鼓励学生去发现、总结并归纳用法，培养学生自主学习的能力。
参考资料：1．2008年福建省高考英语科考试说明
2．2009年福建省高考英语科考试说明
3．2004~2008年福建省高考英语科试卷
附录：
情态动词：
(04) 32. —I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
??? —You _____ her last week. (D)
??? A. ought to tell? B. would have told C. must tell???? D. should have told
(05) 31. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself. (B)
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
(06) 32.The workers will go on strike if the demands they _____ put forward are turned down.
A.could B.would C.不填 D.had （C）
(07) 25. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _____ I have put it? (A)
A.can B.must C.should D.would
(08) 24. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it __B__ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would
时态和语态：
(04) 21. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
??? —Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport. (A)
? ? A. was waiting??? B. had waited???? C. am waiting???? D. have waited
(05) 28. Father D for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
(06)31.The moment the 28th Olympic Cames__D__ open, the whole world cheered.
A.declared B.have been declared C.have declared D.were declared
(07)30.Danny C hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A.works B.is working C.has worked D.worked
(08) 25. So far this year we __D _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
非谓语动词：
(04) 27. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __B _ the film stars had left.
A.???? to tell??????? B. to be told???? C. telling??????? D. told
(05) 29. —Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure, B it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
(05) 33. When D help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
(06) 33. __B _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed
(08) 22. __C__ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
(07) 24. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English A in a short period. （过去分词作宾补）
A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve
(07) 26. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work B my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled （现在分词作宾补）
(04) 34. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _D_ the exam.
??? A. pass?????????? B. to pass??????? C. passed???????? D. passing （现在分词作宾语）
(08) 33. — Can those __C__ at the back of the classroom hear me?
— No problem.（过去分词作定语）
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
短语动词：
（04）33. It is certain that he will __C___ his business to his son when he gets old.
take over????? B. think over???? C. hand over????? D. go over
（05）27. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon B .
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
（06）28.She __D__Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.
A.picked out B.made out C.made up D.picked up
（07）33.The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was C on the radio yesterday.
A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out
(08) 29. __B__ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on
介词、介词短语：
(04) 26. I'd like to buy a house---modern, comfortable, and __B_ in a quiet neighborhood. (尤其重要的是)
??? A. in all???????? B. above all????? C. after all?? ???D. at all
(04) 30. It was a pity that the great writer died __B__ his works unfinished.
??? A. for??????????? B. with?????????? C. from?????????? D. of （with的复合结构）
(05) 30. The classroom is big enough A , but we’ll have to move if we have more students. （目前；暂时）
A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment
(06) 23.Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s __C__ the visiting hours. A.during B.at C.beyond D.before
(08) 34. You have no idea how she finished the relay race __C__ her foot wounded so much.
A. for B. when C. with D. while（with的复合结构）
连词：
(04) 31. Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (C)
??? A. since????????? B. after????????? C. before???????? D. when
(05) 24. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until (B)
(06) 25. —How long do you think it will be______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
—Perhaps two or three years. (D)
A.when B.until C.that D.before
(07) 29.You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.
A.before B.once C.until D.though (B)
(07) 35.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A.how B.what C.which D.when (B)
(08) 27. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which (B)
(08) 28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (C)
A. that B. which C. when D. where
(08) 31. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qumolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (D)
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
倒装：
(05) 32. Only after my friend came . (C)
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
(06) 30. __A__ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.
A.So much B.Too much C.Too little D.So little
(06) 34. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. __A__ yesterday.
A.So was it B.So it was C.So it is D.So is it
其它考点：
（04）25. —Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
??? — __A__. I love getting close to nature.
? ? ?A. I couldn't agree more??????????? B. I'm afraid not
??? C. I believe no???????????????????? D. I don't think so
（05）25. —James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.
— __A__.
A. That’s all right B. It’s a pleasure
C. You are welcome D. Don’t mention it
（07）28.—Excuse me, do you have the time?
—__C__ .
A.Yes, I do B.Of course, I have
C.Aquarter to ten D.No problem
（04）28. —How do you __D__ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
??? —I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
??? A. insist??????B. want???????C. suppose???? D. suggest （从句中省略should）
（05）23. If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, __A__ him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D. tell (have sb. do sth.)