被动语态专项复习

课件32张PPT。被动语态专项复习及专项练习正安县乐俭中学赵本勤2009.3.25一、被动语构成时态通过be表现出来被动语态的句子是以“be动词+过去分词”的形式来表达，如果强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by…，意为“被（由）……”。被动语态的句型肯 定 句主语+be+过去分词+（by…）否 定 句主语+be not+过去分词+（by…）一般疑问句be+主语+过去分词+（by…） 特殊疑问句疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+（by…）1This mustn’t be done as soon as possible(by you).This song is not liked by young people.Rome was not built in a day.Is Chinese used only in China?A: What was it made of?
B: It was made of bamboo.2被动语态的的十种时态以动词give为例，其被动词态的各种时态构成如下：式时现在过去将来过去将来一般进行完成am
Is
aregivenam
Is
arebeing givenhas
havebeen givenwas
weregivenwas
werebeing givenhadbeing givenshall
willbe givenshall
willhave be givenshould
wouldbe givenshould
wouldhave been given肯 定 句主语+情态动词（can,may,must)+be(永远是无形）+过去分词+否 定 句一般疑问句情态动词（can,may,must)+主语+be(永远是无形）+过去分词+含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可，它的句型如下：3由情态动词构成的被动语态主语+情态动词+not+be(永远是无形）+过去分词+Water can be changed into ice.This must be done as soon as possible(by you).This mustn’t be done as soon as possible(by you).Any books mustn’t be taken out by you.Can it be used?常见的情态动词：can may need should dare must ought toHis brother washes bowls every day主谓宾(受动者)Bowls are washedbyhis brother every day.二、主动语态变为被动语态1.They make shoes in that factory.
主语+及物动词+宾语
Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.变为被动语态
一般现在时：S(主语）+ am/is /are +过去分词
They play football on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
They often use computers in class.
We make these machines in Beijing.
Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday .2. They bought ten computers last term．
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.
：一般过去时: S+was/were +过去分词They built the tall building last year.
He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We cleaned our classroom just now.
They used this room for resting.
The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.3.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them)
in ten days.
一般将来时：
S+ will+be+过去分词We will have a sports meeting next week.
Children will take some photos in the
schoolyard tomorrow.
The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.
A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.
A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4．Amy can take good care of Gina ．Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.
2.Lucy may draw the pictures.
3.You must turn off the lights.
4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.
Exercises：
1.Many people speak English.
2.People used knives for cutting things.
3.We can use the box as a table.
4.We should clean the classroom every day.
5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.

下列时态的被动语态构成
1.Lucy is watering the trees.

2.We have finished our compositions.

看一看 想一想
Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：
S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词We have made twenty more keys．
Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：
S+ have/has + been+过去分词
主动语态如何改成被动语态？1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语.2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。 4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to, for.be donepass, show, send… 此类动词有：5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。注: 1. 不及物动词（vi.)不用被动语态。buybe bought for如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：draw，make, cook, mende.g. happen, appear, disappear e.g. A traffic accident ________(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… e.g. Peking Opera _______ (sound) beautiful.sounds 3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。 e.g. The pen __________(write) very fast.writes This kind of sweater _______(sell) well. sells必背！动词短语的被动语态take care of → be taken care ofcut down → be cut downlaugh at → be laughed atlook after → be looked after被动语态的动词短语以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加 “by” .be covered with 用...覆盖be interested in 对...感兴趣be surprised at 对...感到惊奇be made of / from 用…制成的be known to 出名4）有些短语不用被动语态
do one’s best,
make a face,
make room(腾位子），
make up one’s mind,
belong to不用被动语态的情况 ?（考点）
1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place
The story was happened in 1934. ( × ）
2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit…
I have a new bike.
3）连系动词不用被动语态；
The story is sounded true. ( × ）
1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。
How sweet the music sounds !
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .
2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。
The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 )
The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 )
This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 )
The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 ) 特殊情况 （考试重点 ）
3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。
The desk needs repairing.
The novel is worth seeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：
The desk needs repairing.
The desk needs to be repaired. 4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done)
Nobody likes being laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。中考挑战中考被动语态考题
1.The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty thing
into it.(南京市中考题）
A be stopped to throw
B be stopped from throwing
C stop to throw
D stop from throwing

2.This book __ often __from the library.(北京市中考题）
A aren’t take away B taken away
C isn’t taken away D be taken away
3.He ____ _____ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）
was told5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）
—— —— —— another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态
7.People there planted many trees last year.
Trees _____ _____ by people there last year.
(青岛市中考题）
8. They grow vegetables on the farm.
The vegetables _______ ______on the farm（上海市中考题）
TThey sent upwere planted are grownGoodbye!