21世纪教育网2009届高考英语考点预测：动词时态和语态

登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
21世纪教育网2009届高考英语考点预测：动词时态和语态
一．考点介绍
时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。要求考生具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：
① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？
② 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。具体技巧如下：
1. 根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态
2. 根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态
3. 根据具体的语言环境选择时态
[命题角度]
近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。
[应对策略]
捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。
二．高考真题
1. ( 2003北京卷，25 )--_____David and Vicky ______married
--For about three years．
A．How long were；being B．How long have；got
C．How long have；been D．How long did；get
【解析】从答语For about three years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。
【答案】C
2.（2004福建卷，24）She has set a new record,that is, sales of her latest book_______50 million.
A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached
【解析】句意：她创造了新纪录，即她写的新书的销售量达到了五万册。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。此题的前半部分使用现在完成时，中间使用thay is 作为插入语，连接前后两句话，因此前后时态要保持一致，后半句的主语是the sales, 而不是latest book, 因此选项A 为正确答案。
【答案】A
3.（2005北京卷，27）Scientists think that the continents ________always where they______ today.
A．aren’t; are B．aren’t; were C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were
【解析】本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。
【答案】C
4.（2005江苏卷，29 ）They________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far.
A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working
C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working
【解析】此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。故答案为A。
【答案】A
5.（2005山东卷，25）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________each year.
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
【解析】句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。
【答案】D
6.（2005湖北卷，22）When the old man ________to walk back to his house, the sun ________itself behind the mountain.
A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden
C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid
【解析】此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。
【答案】A
7.（2005全国I卷, 28）--- What would you do if it________ tomorrow --- We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
【解析】在条件状语从句（if，as long as，even if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the moment…）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。
【答案】C
8.（2006湖南卷，24）I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C.had given D.have giving
【解析】句意：我正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我已经给另外的六个组做过了。根据句子中的was giving表示过去的时间，而句后的give 又发生在”过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时，正确答案是C
【答案】C
9.（2006湖北卷，32）I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working B.will have worked
C. will have been working D.had worked
【解析】句意：直到这位学生计算此数学题超过一小时我才会告诉他答案。主句为一般将来时，时间、条件、让步状语从句的谓语动词要用现在时表示将来，因此A项正确。
【答案】A
10.（2007上海卷，30）With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered D. have been discovered
【解析】in the past years通常和完成时连用.根据句意应使用被动语态.答案D
【答案】D
11.（2007全国卷I，35）The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.
A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell
【解析】they指flowers,所以用被动的形式.选项B,过去完成时的基本用法是通过上下文可以找到动作发生的时间是过去的过去.答案C.
【答案】C
12.（2007安徽卷，35）—Did Peter fix the computer himself
—He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
【解析】从he doesn't know much about computers可知,并非是他自己修理,所以BD排除.通过上下文可知,fix发生的时间是过去.答案C
【答案】C
13.（2007江西卷，35）—Ouch! You hurt me!
—I am sorry. But I___ any harm. I___ to drive a rat out.
A.didn’t mean; tried B.don’t mean; am trying
C.haven’t meant; tried D.didn’t mean; wes trying
【解析】第一空表示刚才,不是现在,BC排除.第二空,当时我正在... 答案D
【答案】D
14.（2007 重庆卷，28）Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) _______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought
【解析】be said to...据说,例如:He is said to be rich.注意的是这里的动词不定式指的是现在或者是没有发生的运作.如果指过去的事情,务用完成形式.答案B
【答案】B
15.（2008全国I卷，27） —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time
—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.
A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined
【解析】句意：—你认识Dr. Jackson好久时间了吗 —是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since 自从......以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。
【答案】D
16.（2008辽宁卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years.
A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know
【解析】句意：在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇。我俩同时立刻赶到彼此认识多年了。根据题干第二句可知主句为过去时，而that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词又发生在主句动词之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时来表示。
【答案】C
17.（2008天津卷，14） He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played
【解析】句意：他年轻的时候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示过去的时间状语。题干中没有强调在过去的某个时间段正在发生某事，故排除A项；句中也没有信息词强调对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系，故排除C项；句中也没有以过去的某个时间点或动作点作为参照，故排除D项。
【答案】D
三．名校试题
1.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，英语，21）The number of people, who have access to their own cars, sharply in the past decade．
A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen
【解析】in the past years通常和完成时连用，排除A 和B；由The number of people可知应用单数形式，因此排除C。
【答案】D
2．(山东省2009届高三教学质量检测, 英语，32)一I like British culture very much，and I once went to London.
一How long there
A.did you stay B．have you stayed C．were you staying D．had you stayed
【解析】又”and I once went to London” 可知是对过去事情的陈述，因此应用一般过去时，意思是：你那时在那呆了多长时间？
【答案】A
3.（山东省莒南一中2008—2009学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语，35）
If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it all day.
A．rained B．rains C．has rained D．is raining
【解析】If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.此句是对过去事情的假设，但事实上下了一天雨，根据句意，最后一句应用一般过去时，表示对过去事实的陈述。
【答案】A
4.（平遥中学08-09学年高二下学期三月质检，英语，7）This kind of cloth _______ well. I think it is worthy ________.
A. washes; buying B. is washed; buying
C. washes; to be bought D. is washed; to be bought
【解析】动词wash 一般用主动形式表示被动意义，排除B和 D两项；be worthy to do sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此选C。
【答案】C
5.（天津市河东区2009届高三一模，英语，14） I would have come earlier，but I ________ that you were waiting．
A．didn’t know B．hadn’t known C．wouldn’t know D．haven’t know
【解析】I would have come earlier这句是对过去事情的假设，后半句是对过去事情的陈述，强调刚才我不知道你们在等待，事实上现在已经知道了，因此应用一般过去时。
【答案】A
6.（甘肃省兰州市2009年高三年级诊断考试，英语，11）—John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding
—No, I a lecture in another city.
A．gave B．have given C．had given D．was giving
【解析】last week可知事情发生在过去，Did you go to their wedding 是对过去事情的提问，回答也应用过去时，排除选项B。根据题意，强调上周John 和 Lucia结婚时我正在另外一个城市演讲，应用过去进行时，因此选D。
【答案】D
7. （天津市和平区2009届高三一模，英语，5）The professor, as well as his wife， see a film tonight．
A．is B．is going to C．are going to D．have gone to
【解析】由tonight 这个时间状语可知应用一般将来时态，排除A D两项；根据主谓一致，这个句子的主语是The professor，谓语动词应用单数形式，因此答案为B。
【答案】B
8.（天津市汉沽一中2009届高三第六次月考，英语，21）— How dangerous it was！
—Yes，but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ____ .
A．was drowned B．would have been drowned
C． had drowned D．should be drowned
【解析】句意：要不是过路者的迅速行动，那个女孩有可能会溺水。这是对过去事情的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句部分吧时态应用情态动词+ have done 这种形式，根据据以，应用被动语态，因此选B
【答案】B
9.（银川一中2009届高三年级第一次模拟考试，英语，23）Every day the boy, together with his classmates, ______ to go to the playground and _____ football, ____ themselves.
A. are noticed; play; enjoying B. is noticed; plays; enjoying
C. are noticed; plays; enjoys D. is noticed; play; enjoying
【解析】这句话的主语是the boy, 因此第一个空应用单数形式，排除选项A 和C；play football和go to the playground为并列短语，跟在不定式to 的后面，因此排除B。
【答案】D
10.（唐山市2008--2009学年度高三年级第一学期期末考试，英语，7）Next time you ____ here，let’s have lunch together．
A．will be B．are C．have been D．were
【解析】本题考查时态的用法。在时间、条件状语从句中，从句应用现在时表将来。Next time引导的是一个表示将来的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时的形式；have lunch together是一个表示一般将来的事情。
【答案】B
四．考点预测
（一）文字介绍
然而,英语时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度。其实，纵观近几年的时态语态题，我们不难发现其命题的三个角度：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。
（二）原创或收集考点预测试题
1. It seems water ______ from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
【解析】根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。
【答案】D
2. —Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting
—Yes. I really didn’t think she ________ here.
A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been
【解析】根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。
【答案】C
3. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we ________ in the last ten minutes.
A. had lost B. would lose C. were losing D. lost
【解析】but前后两个半句应用相同时态，后半句是在说比赛结果，应用一般过去时lost。
【答案】D
4. — Look! How long ________ like this
—Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days of the year.
A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; pours
C. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours
【解析】问某种状态持续多长时间，应用现在完成进行时，而第二个空是指一般状态，故用一般现在时，选B。
【答案】B
5. —Can I help you, Madam
— No, thanks. I_______.
A. have just looked around B. just look around
C. just looked around D. am just looking around
【解析】此处用I am just looking around表示我只是正在随便看看，just可以和现在进行时连用，表示只是怎么怎么样。
【答案】D
6. —I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been
— I _______ on leave in Europe.
A. have been B. am C. was D. had been
【解析】此题可能会误选A，前者说“我好几年未见你，去哪儿了？”可见他已经回来，因此他去欧洲的动作已发生过了，应用过去时来回答where have you been A则是说我有去过欧洲的事实。
【答案】C
7. —Have you heard from Janet recently
—No, but I ______ her over Christmas.
A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
【解析】第一句中用了have，而第二句回答No，所以说话人近来都没有Janet的消息，而A、C、D都表示有她的消息，所以只能选B，表示将来进行时。
【答案】B
8. —Tom came back home the day before yesterday.
— Really Where __________ at all
A. had he been B. has he been C. had he gone D. has he gone
【解析】come back是过去，而问句中的动作发生在came back之前，是过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，而且Tom已经回来，所以要用been，而gone是去了还未回来。
【答案】A
9. ―What’s the matter You look worried and restless.
―Oh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, I ______ of my graduation thesis. I have to hand it in soon.
A. am just thinking B. just thought
C. have just thought D. was just thinking
【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。从会话可知，答话人是在解释他look worried and restless 的原因，因为他（刚才）是在思考毕业论文的事，这是说话前的那个时刻正在发生的事情。故应用过去进行时描写正在进行的动作。
【答案】D
10. ―Why Where is the key to the sound lab
―Dear me! You _______ it in the taxi！
A. have never left B. never left
C. haven’t left D. didn’t leave
【解析】考查语境。答语“你千万别把它忘在出租车里！”表示吃惊。而“忘”这一动作应用一般过去时，但否定口气应用never。因为句子用的是感叹号，不应用D项。又如：You never left the key in the lock! （你总不会把钥匙留在锁孔里吧！）
【答案】B
11. —What were you up to when she dropped in
—I _________ for a while and __________ some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did
【解析】由第一句可判断出第二句描述的事情发生在过去，for a while是相对于when she dropped in来说的when she dropped in，“我已经玩一会儿了”，因此该用过去完成时态．再看后一个动作，承接前面for a while，仍然在过去，had played for a while之后，因此应用过去将来时，表示过去那个时间将要发生的动作，故选C
【答案】C
12. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _______ half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed
【解析】此题考查的是动词的时态。句意：（那时）我的注意力没有集中在他所说的内容，因此，恐怕有一半没听到。missed表示“（那时）没听到”。所以要用过去时态。
【答案】D
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品教案·第 11 页 （共 11 页）