09主谓一致教学讲义

2008-2009学年九年级英语复习讲义---主谓一致
【复习目标】
掌握主谓一致的原则。
掌握主谓一致应注意的几个问题。
【课前准备】
要求学生回忆有关主谓一致的具体应用。
【知识要点】一、主谓一致三原则
　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1、语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.
2.意义上一致。(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。
(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。　
3.就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。
二、 主谓一致常考题型
◆class, family, team, l等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。
如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room. His family is very big.
★Li Ming’s family ___ a large one. Now the whole family ___ watching TV.
A is is B are are C are is D is are
◆trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。如：The pair of glasses fits you well. Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.
3、名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.
★There ___ a pair of shoes under the bed, the shoes ___ mine.
A is are B is is C are is D are are
◆主语表示事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如“people，police等”则谓语动词用复数。
★The police ___ searching the city for the chief. A be B are C is D has
◆当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.
★John with his uncle ___ going to visit the Summer Palace next month.
A are B is C was D were
★Everyone here, including children and old
people, ___ in for sports. A go B going C to go D goes
◆the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The old are going to be looked after well.
★The poor ___ always dreaming ___ becoming rich.
A are in B is to C is of D are of
◆and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。如：A speaker and writer is coming tomorrow.(同一个人) A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人)
◆由and或both …and…连接的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。（若连接的是不可数名词谓语动词也可以用复数形式）Tom and Mike are good friends.
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop
★Both Lily and Lucy ____ to the party yesterday.
A invited B was invited C had invite D were invited
★Jenny and her parents ____ going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow.
A is B are C am D be
◆Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。
★No boy and no girl ___ allowed to smoke in the middle school.
A is B are C has D have
◆The number of+...，谓语动词用单数。A number of+...，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。
如：The number of the students in our class is 50. A number of students are learning Japanese now.
★-- How many students are there in your school
-- ___ the students in our school ___ over 2 thousand.
A The number of , is B The number of , are C A number of , is D A number of , are
★Look! There ___ playing with the tourists in Yinhe Square.
A are a number of deer B are a number of deers
C is a number of deer D is a number of deers
◆ 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Behind the house are some trees.
★There ___ many different kinds of food in the shop.A are B is C has D have
★-- I will go to Hainan for a visit.-- ____
A So do I B So I do C So will I D So I will
◆表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.
◆几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.
★___ of them ____ league members.
A Two fives is B Two fifths are C Second fifth are C Two five are
★About one third of them ___ men teachers. A have B has C are D is
◆ 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone,
everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，
Is everyone here today. Something is wrong with him. Nobody was in.
★Nothing ___ different in the world, ___ it
A are aren’t B are are C is isn’t D is is
★Listen! Someone ___ outside.
A sing B sings C is singing D are singing
◆ 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. Ten miles isn’t a long distance.
Five minus four is one.
★Ten kilometres ___ way. A is quite a long B are quite long C is a quite long D are quite a long
◆关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。
如：Those who want to go have signed their names here. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going 。Neither you nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting.
◆用one, every one, each one, any one, either, neither等+of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is pretty.
★ Neither of the two brothers ____ with their parents.
A live B are living C like to live D lives
★_____ of us has an English-Chinese dictionary. A Every B Both C Each D All
◆不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To teach is to learn.
Playing with fire is dangerous
★Doing eye exercises ___ good for your health.A are B is C have D has
★To design new machines ___ his job.A is B are C does D do
◆none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，指代可数名词时谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数。
-- Is there any milk in the cup -- No, there is none.
None of them has/ have arrived
★None of my classmates ___ been to the USA.A has B have C had D both A and B.
★It rained heavily this morning, but ___ of my classmates were away from school.
A neither B none C all D both
◆由“a kind of，this kind of， many kinds of”以及由与kind意思相似的type，sort等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持一致。
A kind of birds has been discovered by them
★A new type of machines ___ on show now.
A is B are C has D have
★Many kinds of furniture ___ being transported
from Beijing to Tianjin.
A is B are C having D was
【走出主谓一致的三大误区】
句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。
误区一 误认主语
1. 倒装句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. （×）②Between the two buildings is a big tree. （√）
2. 主语之后带有介词短语
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （×）
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （√）
3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （×）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （√）
4. 定语从句
①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （×）②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （√）
误区二 被主语的表象迷惑
1. 看似复数却表单数概念
①Maths are my favourite subject. （×） ②Maths is my favourite subject. （√）
类似的有：physics，news，politics . . .
2. 看似单数却表复数概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. （×）②The police are searching for the robbers. （√）
3. 名词的单复数同形
　①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （×）
　②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （√）
4. 集合名词
①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （×）
②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （√）
误区三 误用语言规则
1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语
①Ten years are quite a long time. （×）②Ten years is quite a long time. （√）
2. 由and连接的并列主语
　　①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （×）
　　②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （√）
3. 就近原则
①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （×）②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （√）
4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短语作主语
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （×）
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （√）
【典型例题解析】
1 The rich ________ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have
2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five
3 No one but her classmates ______it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
4 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely island.A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
6 Look, here come some _______. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow
7 The number of students of this school ______ large.A. are B. have not C. isn't D. aren't
8 The singer and pianist _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
9A large number of students in our class _____ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be
10 The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have
11.Each of the ______ in the ship.
A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room
C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room
12 .What you said ______the matter we are discussing.
A. have something to do at B. has something to do with
C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with
13.Not only my brother but also I _____ good at painting. Both of us _____good painters.
A. are...are B. am...are C. is...is D. are...is
14.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
15 Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money.
A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are
16.Nobody but two students ______ left in the classroom.A. is B. are C. has D. have
17.The police _______soon.A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come
18.More than 60 percent of world's radio programs _______ in English.A. is B. was C. are D. be
主谓一致专项练习题
1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are
2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day —Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.
　　A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are
5. There ______ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Maths _______ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
　A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping
9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
　　A. are B. is C. were D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is
12. —What’s on the plate Some eggs and cakes on it —There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
　　A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. This pair of glasses ______mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
　　A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited
15. —Two months ______quite a long time. —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
　　A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. In the city the old _______. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of
　　C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of
17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one.
　　A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are
18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is
19. The children in this class each _____new school bag.
　　A. have B. has C. has got D. are having
20. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .
A. neither he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither
22. I haven't finished my homework yet.
A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either
23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”
A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go
24. You as well as he_____ to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has
25. Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.
A. has been B. is C. are D. am
【自我评价】
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours？—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
　　A. Is， is B. Are， is C. Is， are D. Are， are
　　3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.A. was B. are C. is D. were
　　4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
　　A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
　　5. —What’s on the plate？—There _____ some rice on it.
　　A. is B. are C. has D. have
　　6. Five years _____ since we met last.
　　A. have passed B. has past C. has passed D. have pasted
　　7. Here _____ some flowers for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have
　　8. There __________ a number of teachers， but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty. A. are， are B. are， is C. is， are D. is， is
　　9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
　　A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking
　　10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.A. be B. are C. is D. am
　　11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.A. is B. are C. being D. was
　　12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen. A. is B. are C. has been D. can
13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
　　14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.A. are B. is C. will D. am
　　15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday. A. are B. is C. go D. goes