No Smoking
Summary: - Text: No Smoking The risks of smoking
Smoking causes cancer
Smoking causes heart attack. If you smoke and have DM, you are even more likely to have a heart attack and die from heart disease
Smoking causes poor circulation to the legs and feet that can lead to amputation
Smoking causes breathing problems
Smoking during pregnancy damages the unborn baby - Smoking raises blood glucose levels
Smoking increases the risk of kidney disease in those with DM
If you are a man who smokes and has DM, you are more likely to have problems with sexual fun_ction
If you smoke and have DM, the risk of nerve damage is increased. Nerve damage can lead to numbness and pain in feet
If you smoke and have DM, you are more likely to lose teeth
Extra benefits
Stopping smoking isn't about losing something it's about gaining a lot! The benefits will soon start adding up:
Have more money ...
At nearly ￡5 for 20 cigarettes, stopping a pack-a-day habit is like a ￡30-a-week pay rise! What will you do with your extra spending power? Use our money calculator to find out exactly how much you'll save.
You can also save money in other ways. Life, fire and car insurance can all be cheaper. The money soon adds up when you stop. Think about what you could buy when you quit:
1 day: ￡4.80 = a movie rental or a few magazines
1 week: ￡33.60 = a cheap flight to Europe or a few CDs
1 month: ￡146 = a shopping spree or the monthly food bill
3 months: ￡438 = two weeks in the sun or a new computer
6 months: ￡876 = a family holiday or some new furniture
1 year: ￡1,752 = a second-hand car or the start of a deposit for a house
Improve your looks ...
Within days of stopping smoking you'll no longer smell of stale smoke and cigarette butts. Clean your clothes, house and car to make your whole life sweet smelling! Your skin will be brighter and your eyes less red and sore.
Get fitter ...
Your energy levels will soon soar when you stop smoking, making it easier to run for the bus or play sports with your friends.
Taste ...
Food will become a pleasure again as your taste buds kick back in!
Have more time ...
It takes about 10 minutes to smoke a cigarette so a 10-a-day smoker can save nearly 2 hours a day when they give up. That's enough time to watch a new blockbuster at the cinema!
Improve self confidence
Many smokers are shocked to find how quickly they get hooked on smoking and stopping gives a real boost to confidence and self-esteem.
Job prospects
85% of British workplaces currently have some kind of restriction on smoking, so you'll be able to get on with your work more quickly if you don't have to keep nipping out for a cigarette break. It can also improve your chances of getting a new job as employers can employ only non-smokers if they wish.
From summer 2007 all enclosed workplaces will be smoke free, so now is a great chance to plan ahead and go smoke free.
The Health Benefits of Stopping
The health benefits of stopping smoking start almost immediately:
After...
20 minutes: Blood pressure and pulse return to normal
8 hours: Nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in the blood are halved, oxygen levels in the blood return to normal
24 hours: Carbon monoxide is eliminated from the body and the lungs start to clear out the build up of tar
48 hours: There is no nicotine left in the body. Taste and smell are greatly improved
72 hours: Breathing becomes easier, bronchial tubes begin to relax, energy levels increase
2 - 12 weeks: Circulation improves, making walking and running a lot easier
3 - 9 months: Coughs, wheezing and breathing problems improve as the lungs have room for up to 10% more oxygen
5 years: Risk of heart attack is halved
10 years: Risk of lung cancer is halved
10 years: Risk of heart attack is at the same level as non-smokers
Medium to long-term: Risk of developing lung cancer, other cancers, heart attack, stroke and chronic lung disease is reduced - the sooner you stop, the sooner your risk starts going down
Medium to long-term: Stopping smoking at any age increases your life expectancy, provided that you stop before the onset of serious disease. Even if you have developed a disease, you can benefit from stopping as your body will be under less strain and be able to fight it more easily
Medium to long-term: A smoker who has suffered from a heart attack can halve the risk of a second heart attack by stopping smoking
Medium to long-term: Ten years after stopping smoking an ex-smoker's risk of lung cancer is reduced by 30 - 50% compared with that of a continuing smoker
Medium to long-term: Smokers who stop before the age of 35 have a life expectancy not significantly different from that of a non-smoker
Medium to long-term: Smokers who stop between 65 and 74 years of age have a better life expectancy beyond 75 than those who continue to smoke
For life:
Reduce stress
Any physical activity is easier
Don't tire as quickly
Improve sense of taste and smell
Improved skin
Avoiding starting smoking again
The first few weeks of stopping smoking are the trickiest and most people who start again do so within the first week. It is during this time that people find it hardest to adjust to not smoking. Not only are you dealing with cravings, but managing the situations where you normally smoke can be quite tricky.
One of the most important things to do is to plan ahead. Being prepared can make a huge difference to your chances of staying off the cigarettes. Think about when you normally smoke and how you can avoid those situations. Plan what help you will use. Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT) can help manage cravings and greatly increase your chance of success. Talk to a health professional about the help available and how to use NRT. Many people fail because they are unsure about using NRT properly and do not get the full benefit.
The best tip to stay stopped is to make some changes to your lifestyle to avoid the situations where you normally smoke. For example, steering clear of the pub for a while might be wise and avoiding the smoking room at work. Some people try making other changes to their lifestyle such as walking to work instead of getting the bus or skipping the morning coffee and jumping straight in to the shower to avoid the wake up ciggie. The No Smoking Day quit planner can help you to identify your smoky situations and to plan ahead. It is often the first few weeks that people find the biggest challenge, and using that extra bit of willpower to avoid your smoky situations can really help you to be a success!
The biggest myths about stopping smoking - hear the truth!
Are there any benefits to smoking? It has been argued that smoking does have some benefits. The most common benefits that people believe are caused by smoking are stress relief, weight control and increased concentration.
Smoking helps me relieve stress
One of the most common reasons people give for continuing to smoke, or for going back to smoking after stopping is to relieve stress. The reality is that smokers tend to report higher levels of stress than non-smokers. After stopping smoking the level of stress in former smokers drops significantly. When you stop smoking it may feel like you are more stressed as a result of not smoking. For the first few weeks you are likely to experience mood swings and be irritable. The nicotine in cigarettes is highly addictive and these are symptoms of withdrawal. You can help manage these by using a Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). These symptoms normally last up to 4 weeks.
Smoking helps me stay thin
On average, smokers do weigh less than non-smokers. When you stop smoking the typical weight gain is around 2-3 kg. The nicotine from smoking acts as an appetite suppressant and smoking also increases the rate at which your body burns calories. Smokers will often replace cigarettes with snacking when stopping smoking. People often believe that smoking will help them to control their weight and be healthier. However the risks of continuing to smoke far outweigh those from minor weight gain. The charity Quit produce a leaflet on stopping smoking and weight gain.
Does smoking help protect me against Alzheimers?
It has been suggested that smoking can help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However this has been largely dismissed by experts, and the evidence is now suggesting that smoking increases your risk of dementia. More information can be found from the Alzheimers Society.
Can I benefit my health by changing the way I smoke?
Is it better for me to switch to light, mild or low tar cigarettes?
We all know which cigarettes packs are supposed to be light or mild, even if it no longer says on the packet. For years smokers have seen these products as a ‘healthier’ alternative to smoking ‘full strength’ cigarettes. Research shows, that smokers of 'light' or 'mild' brands are likely to inhale as much tar and nicotine as smokers of regular cigarettes. This means they can take in as many cancer-causing poisons as smokers of regular cigarettes. In simple terms, 'low tar' cigarettes are just as harmful as regular cigarettes. For more information see www.lowtarexposed.org.uk.
Is cutting down a good idea?
Many people believe that cutting down is a good way to reduce the health risk from smoking. This might include smoking fewer cigarettes, switching to lower strength brands or switching to alternatives to cigarettes such as roll ups or cigars. There is evidence to show that when people smoke fewer cigarettes they tend to smoke them harder to compensate for smoking fewer meaning that there is no real health benefit. There is no evidence that merely cutting down as a strategy to stop makes a quit attempt more likely to succeed. The only way to really reduce the risks from smoking is to stop completely. If you absolutely cannot stop suddenly an option is to use Nicotine Replacement Therapy whilst cutting down. For more information see the No Smoking Day report on cutting down.
Just one won’t hurt…
It is very easy to get tempted into having just one cigarette once you have stop. DON’T DO IT. This is one of the easiest ways to get back into smoking. If you really are dying for ‘just one’ you should consider avoiding the places and situations where you find temptation. It may also help to use Nicotine Replacement Therapy to manage the cravings until you feel in control of the temptations.
What if I get addicted to Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
It is extremely unlikely that you will become addicted to using NRT instead of cigarettes. The dose of nicotine is smaller and more controlled. Unlike cigarettes which deliver nicotine in a immediate and high dose, delivery from NRT is much slower and more controlled. The level of immediate satisfaction is not the same. This helps to control the addiction to cigarettes whilst allowing you to wean yourself off nicotine. Nicotine in NRT is safe to use unlike nicotine in cigarettes as it does not contain the 4000 harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke. Even if you end up using NRT for a long time, there is very little risk.
My Gran is 90 yrs old and smoked all her life…
There is always the story about the 123 year old whose secret to long life is 20 cigs a day and a tot of brandy before bed. Chances are that their long life has absolutely nothing to do with smoking. The fact is that half of all smokers will die as a result of smoking. Of the other half, some might live to extreme old age, but you are far more likely to live long if you don’t smoke. Even if you are lucky enough to escape fatal illness, smoking still increases signs of ageing, chances of impotence and blindness and a whole range of nasty ailments that could make your golden years very unpleasant.
It can’t hurt me now, I’m only young
The younger you stop smoking, the more chance you have to benefit later. After stopping smoking it can take 15 years to totally reduce your risk of heart attack to that of a non-smoker so the sooner you stop the more chance of reclaiming benefits over time. For a list of all the benefits of stopping over time see our ‘benefits of stopping’ page.
Roll ups, Cigars and Pipes are OK?
Some people think that changing to a roll-up cigarette can help them to stop smoking, or to reduce the harmful effects of smoking. Evidence suggests that smoking roll ups is actually more dangerous. Roll ups burn at a higher temperature than manufactured cigarettes. They also go out more, requiring re-lighting. These factors mean that you are getting higher doses of harmful smoke each time you inhale. Major studies of pipe and cigar smokers have shown that cigar smokers have double the risk of lung cancer than non-smokers. Pipe smokers increase the risk of lung cancer to eight times that of non-smokers. However you smoke your risk of fatal disease is significantly higher than as a non-smoker.
17.1% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Male = 26.5%, Female = 7.6%)
8.8% currently use any tobacco product (Male = 11.1%, Female = 6.4%)
2.6% currently smoke cigarettes (Male = 4.9%, Female = 0.2%)
7.0% currently use other tobacco products (Male = 7.5%, Female = 6.4%)
4.3% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year
Knowledge and Attitudes
13.8% think boys and 4.2% think girls who smoke have more friends
33.4% think boys and 21.2% think girls who smoke look more attractive
Access and Availability - Current Smokers
45.9% usually smoke at home
19.4% buy cigarettes in a store
* % who bought cigarettes in a store were NOT refused purchase because of their age
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
49.6% live in homes where others smoke
43.1% are around others who smoke in places outside their home
62.8% think smoking should be banned from public places
79.3% definitely think smoke from others is harmful to them
61.1% have one or more parents who smoke
2.1% have most or all friends who smoke
Cessation - Current Smokers
86.2% want to stop smoking
81.6% tried to stop smoking during the past year
100% have ever received help to stop smoking
Media and Advertising
81.0% saw anti-smoking media messages, in the past 30 days
50.5% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, in the past 30 days
32.1% saw pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines, in the past 30 days
7.5% have an object with a cigarette brand logo
2.8% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative
School
71.1% had been taught in class, during the past year, about the dangers of smoking
36.0% had discussed in class, during the past year, reasons why people their age smoke
41.5% had been taught in class, during the past year, the effects of tobacco use
More youth, women smoking: survey
www.chinaview.cn 2005-08-20 10:55:31
BEIJING, Aug. 20 (Xinhuanet) -- A survey conducted by the Chinese
Association of Tobacco Control revealed the numbers of young smokers and
female smokers are increasing in China.
The survey was conducted among Beijing middle school students who
smoke and the result was released on Thursday, reported the China Daily.
About 1,000 children were tracked through primary and middle schools in
20 communities.
"The actual figure is far more than 27 percent in our school," said
Ma Wei, when bringing out a pack of "555" brand cigarettes and a lighter
out of his Adidas shorts and lighting up.
"Almost all my classmates smoke cigarettes, both girls and boys,"
said Ma, an 18-year-old half-pack-a-day smoker who will apply to college
next year.
Overall, seven percent of all youth aged 6 to 18 smoke, the survey
found. The figure is 10.2 percent amongst boys and 1.8 percent amongst
girls.
And it's not just children who are getting hooked. Xu Guihua,
vice-president of the Chinese Association of Tobacco Control,
saidthere's also a noticeable rise in the number of women who smoke
despite a slight down-turn amongst adults overall.
On Thursday, the association also launched a commission in Beijing
to help young people stop smoking.
The commission will try to build up a tobacco control
alliance,train volunteers, promote non-smoking on campus and facilitate
a "say 'no' to the first cigarette" campaign.
China, home to one-fourth of the world's smokers, is the world's
largest producer and consumer of tobacco.
The survey estimated the country has 320 million smokers, about36
percent of the population.
Research shows high pressure, heart disease and diabetes,
whichoften trouble adults, are now turning up more often in young
people, said Hu Yamei, a medical consultant with the association.
The government has been working on a nationwide smoking prevention
and intervention programme, and the country is approaching the
ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
WHO figures show tobacco kills almost 5 million people worldwide
each year. If current trends continue, it is projected to kill 10
million people a year by 2020, with 70 percent of the deaths occurring
in developing countries. Enditem
Smoking out Problem of Child Smokers - China Daily
Smoking out Problem of Child Smokers - China Daily Saturday, February 22, 2003 It was 1:45 in the afternoon, a quarter of an hour before class time. Unlike his fellow students who were making preparations in the classroom, 12-year-old Qiao Yunlu (not his real name) was enjoying a last drag from a cigarette beside a school dustbin in the backyard. A sixth-grader at Yuhui Elementary School in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, about four hours' drive from Beijing, Qiao started smoking at nine. He boasted that he could tell different brands of cigarette by the smell wafting smoke in the air. "I like smoking 'Diamond' because it smells soft and pure. 'Camellia' is very special, having a sweet and tea-like taste," said Qiao with the air of a connoisseur despite his youthfulness. Liu Song (not his real name), 15, is in his second grade at Chicheng No 2 Middle School, and has already been smoking for four years. Normally he smokes half a pack each day, but he achieved a record by smoking two packs a day when he was playing video games in the Internet cafe during the summer vacation. "Smoking is part of my life now. " said Liu with a smile that revealed his yellow teeth. For tobacco companies, children are a huge and promising market for their sales. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control conducted a survey in May last year among more than 8,000 students in Beijing. Results show that 21.59 percent of secondary school students and 6.17 percent of primary school pupils smoke, up from 6.5 percent and 3.6 percent respectively in 1999. "The earlier young people start smoking cigarettes, the more likely they are to become addicted to nicotine and the less likely they are to quit," said Yang Gonghuan, professor with China Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences. This warning is not unfamiliar among youngsters. During a joint survey last year by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the China Children's Press & Publication Group (CCPDG) on 33,749 youngsters aged 10 to 19, as high as 84.5 percent of those surveyed admitted they know the harm of smoking. "I have no interest in those reports in newspapers about the danger of smoking," said Liu Song. "Just look at my neighbor Granny Liu. She's been a heavy smoker for decades, but she still lives a happy life at the age of 76." Zang Yingnian, honorary director of the China Smoking and Health Association, noted that, aside from curiosity, study pressure and loneliness, "In most cases, the first teacher for children to learn smoking is the smoker around them." This is proved by the UNICEF-CCPDG survey. Around 44.8 percent of the youngsters from over 10 provinces and cities say smokers around them are a major factor for smoking. A total of 23.5 percent blamed friends and schoolmates, while 21.3 percent cited family members and society as a cause. Qiao Yunlu received his first cigarette from one of his schoolmates when he was in Grade Three. One day he saw by chance a six-grader puffing beside the school dustbin. The boy offered a cigarette and hissed not to let others know. "My father often smokes in front of me. If I quit smoking, I will still share the poisonous air with him. So why not smoke?" said Liu Ruoxuan, a 16-year-old boy at Diao'e Town Middle School in Chicheng. But the role of cigarette retailers should not be ignored. Although the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) issued regulations in 2001 requiring all tobacco outlets to place signs on their counters to warn youngsters of the danger of smoking, few have complied. The fate is similar for the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency passed in 1999 that prohibits selling cigarettes to children. Liu Song's parents gave him two yuan (24 US cents) daily as pocket money, but he could still buy "Diamond" cigarettes every day, which cost four yuan (48 US cents) a pack. "Thanks to the shop owner, we are able to buy cigarettes piece by piece," said Liu Song, pointing at a shop opposite his school. Health Minister Zhang Wenkang said, "We must continue to harness adult smoking and prohibit cigarette sales to children. At the same time, joint efforts from society, families and schools are also needed to address the problem of juvenile smoking." China Smoke and Health Association plans to form an ad hoc anti-smoking committee composed of celebrities from the media and entertainment circles. "We want the mass media to publicize more on the harm of smoking and get the pop stars to influence youngsters with a positive image," said Zhang Yifang, deputy director of the association. At home, parents should set a good example for their children by not smoking in front of them, he advised. The role of schools in anti-smoking must not be overlooked. Doctor Ye Guangjun from the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Beijing University believed that student participation is the best way. "Knowledge about smoking is necessary, but not enough. Students are not onlookers." Zang Yingnian of the China Smoking and Health Association said, "Preventing children from smoking is very crucial in the anti-smoking campaign. They are not only the focus of our campaign but also supervisors and participators."
China's Smoking Population Getting Younger
Statistics indicate that the proportion of smokers among students has not declined over the past five years, while the starting age has become even younger in China. When three years ago, the then 15-year-old Steven Li, took his first drag of a cigarette, he thought the burning tobacco would bring charm and fashion to his "boring student image." It did not take long for cigarettes to become a necessity in his life. Li needs now at least eight cigarettes a day to quench his thirst. "I know I am harming my health, but there are so many people smoking around me, so the harm must be slight," said the boy while blowing out smoke. He didn't know tobacco was more harmful to minors - those who start smoking in their teens have twice the rate of lung cancer as those who begin to smoke after 20. In Shanghai, minor smokers like Li are not rare. Statistics from the city's Education Commission find that student smokers below the age of 18 exceed 50,000. These figures do not include those who quit school after the nine-year compulsory education period, which is no doubt also a big figure. A survey discovered that the main reason for minors to smoke was an inadequate understanding of the dangers. The short slogan, "smoking is harmful to your health," although frequently repeated, is just too mild and simple to persuade minors to quit smoking.
Loose government control
The government's relatively loose control is another problem. Although the country is firm in its commitment to stop sales of cigarettes to minors, implementing at least three national laws - respectively the tobacco sales law, the minor protection law and the law to prevent minors' misdeeds - it is still easy for minors to get cigarettes. "The line is hardly practical," said Gan Xingfang from Shanghai Smoking and Health Association. "It is difficult to tell whether the buyer is a minor or an adult. Surely he will not carry his identity card with him for you to check. To the sellers, profit is too important, which makes controlling sales to minors all the more difficult." Besides, the country doesn't specify punishment for those shop assistants or vendors who sell cigarettes to minors. Only those who sell fake or smuggled tobacco products face punishment. However, even if the country tightens controls in this area, minors can still ask adult friends to buy them. "We know the line is difficult to implement," Gan said. "But we hope minors would learn from this restriction that smoking is not right for them." Yet are the kids drawing any lessons from the warning? Statistics indicate that the proportion of smokers among students has not declined over the past five years, while the starting age has become even younger among locals. And a nationwide survey revealed that, among every 10 minors, one is a smoker. The state laws clearly forbid anyone from smoking in places where minors gather. Schools and parents have the duty to teach children not to smoke. "But the fact is that a lot of children are suffering from their fathers' second-hand smoke, which accounts for 60 per cent of all the involuntary passive smoke they inhale," Gan said. "It is hard to say which side the children will take on smoking in an environment where parents and teachers are both puffing away." An even more shocking fact is that 40 per cent of the city's medical staff are smokers, which has a very negative social effect on tobacco control.
Wide industrial promotion
"The tobacco industry tries to assume that people are making their decisions in a vacuum and uninfluenced state," Gan said. "But the fact is that these businessmen are working hard to waver people's choices to their side through various kinds of promotions for which the industry spends billions of dollars." Although China has drafted laws banning tobacco advertisements on the streets, at media and sports events, tobacco companies can still connect with youth through other channels. "In pubs there are promotion girls giving out free cigarettes, and on the streets there are indirect advertisements like 'Love Zhonghua' (a cigarette brand literally meaning China)," Gan said, with a forced smile. "We can't ban such advertisements as the tobacco sellers can simply retort by saying 'what's wrong with saying Love China'." In films and TV series, those subtle product-placements continue to send messages to the public, connecting smoking with success, health, freedom, maturity and fashion, and minors are the ones most easily influenced by this approach. "It just shows that we still have a long way to go in the fight against tobacco," Gan said. The World Health Organization has put forward the theme for this year's World No Tobacco Day, happening on May 31, as "Tobacco-Free Sports - Play it clean." It not only excludes tobacco advertisement from sporting events, but also forbids any athletes, referees, members of the audience or coaches to smoke in a match. "The most ridiculous connection is the one that exists between sports and tobacco, which has existed for so long and is most probably coming to an end," Gan said. "But who knows what other tactics will come to the minds of those who promote cigarettes?
Ten top tips for giving up from No Smoking Day
Your can help your chances of stopping smoking successfully with a little forward planning. It can be even more successful if you use some form of support. However you choose to stop these top tips can help you to make that step towards a smoke free life!
Set a date to stop and stick to it. Pick a day that will be relatively stress-free. No Smoking Day on Wednesday 8 March 2006 is an ideal day to stop as over a million other smokers all round the UK will be having a go at the same time.
Write down all the reasons you want to stop. This can include saving money, being healthier, for the sake of your family. Keep this list somewhere handy to use as a reminder if you are tempted to have a cigarette. You might find our TBD smoking diary helpful.
Keep a diary for a day or two. Note down all the times and places you smoke, with a note on how much you needed each cigarette. This will help you plan for tricky moments.
Get help. Let friends and family know you're giving up smoking and tell them what they can do to help. Your GP, nurse or pharmacist will be delighted to give you advice on how to stop and to let you know about specialist services and helplines.
Do it with others. Find others who would like to give up and agree to support each other. Keep in daily contact and make a pact not to let each other down.
Ease the withdrawal symptoms and plan some help. Nicotine is addictive and you may experience withdrawal symptoms like irritability, lack of concentration and sleeping problems. These symptoms are temporary and can be greatly eased with treatments like NRT or Zyban - click on the links on the left to find out more.
Prepare to stop smoking. Get rid of lighters, ashtrays and matches and make sure you don't have any cigarettes around. Remove any stale smoke smells by spring-cleaning your house and clothes.
Take it one day at a time. Concentrate on getting through each day without a cigarette. Know what you are going to say if someone offers you a cigarette - enjoy saying, "No thanks - I don't smoke".
Break the links that create the habit. Most smokers will have times and places when they always have a cigarette, like after a meal or with a drink in the pub. Try to avoid these situations at first if you think you will be tempted to smoke, or do something different - you could go for a short walk after a meal.
Learn to relax! Try this simple breathing exercise: If possible, sit down with feet flat on the floor, hands resting on knees. Breathe slowly in and out through the nose a couple of times, concentrating on the sensation of air moving in and out of the body. Start to breathe more deeply, still through the nose, consciously letting the air fill the abdomen, then the lower and upper chest in sequence. Breathe out the same way, expelling the air from the abdomen, lower and upper chest in turn. Repeat this breath 3 or 4 times, and then return to normal breathing.
Follow the 10 top tips above and then: Reward yourself! Save the money that you would have spent on cigarettes for a treat such as a new outfit, going out for a meal or taking a holiday.
And remember - once stopped, stay stopped. Remember that 'just one cigarette' can lead to another. Keep reminding yourself of the health and other benefits of giving up smoking. Make sure you take the full course of any nicotine replacement treatment you are using.
Smoking out Problem of Child Smokers - China Daily Saturday, February 22, 2003 It was 1:45 in the afternoon, a quarter of an hour before class time. Unlike his fellow students who were making preparations in the classroom, 12-year-old Qiao Yunlu (not his real name) was enjoying a last drag from a cigarette beside a school dustbin in the backyard. A sixth-grader at Yuhui Elementary School in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, about four hours' drive from Beijing, Qiao started smoking at nine. He boasted that he could tell different brands of cigarette by the smell wafting smoke in the air. "I like smoking 'Diamond' because it smells soft and pure. 'Camellia' is very special, having a sweet and tea-like taste," said Qiao with the air of a connoisseur despite his youthfulness. Liu Song (not his real name), 15, is in his second grade at Chicheng No 2 Middle School, and has already been smoking for four years. Normally he smokes half a pack each day, but he achieved a record by smoking two packs a day when he was playing video games in the Internet cafe during the summer vacation. "Smoking is part of my life now. " said Liu with a smile that revealed his yellow teeth. For tobacco companies, children are a huge and promising market for their sales. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control conducted a survey in May last year among more than 8,000 students in Beijing. Results show that 21.59 percent of secondary school students and 6.17 percent of primary school pupils smoke, up from 6.5 percent and 3.6 percent respectively in 1999. "The earlier young people start smoking cigarettes, the more likely they are to become addicted to nicotine and the less likely they are to quit," said Yang Gonghuan, professor with China Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences. This warning is not unfamiliar among youngsters. During a joint survey last year by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the China Children's Press & Publication Group (CCPDG) on 33,749 youngsters aged 10 to 19, as high as 84.5 percent of those surveyed admitted they know the harm of smoking. "I have no interest in those reports in newspapers about the danger of smoking," said Liu Song. "Just look at my neighbor Granny Liu. She's been a heavy smoker for decades, but she still lives a happy life at the age of 76." Zang Yingnian, honorary director of the China Smoking and Health Association, noted that, aside from curiosity, study pressure and loneliness, "In most cases, the first teacher for children to learn smoking is the smoker around them." This is proved by the UNICEF-CCPDG survey. Around 44.8 percent of the youngsters from over 10 provinces and cities say smokers around them are a major factor for smoking. A total of 23.5 percent blamed friends and schoolmates, while 21.3 percent cited family members and society as a cause. Qiao Yunlu received his first cigarette from one of his schoolmates when he was in Grade Three. One day he saw by chance a six-grader puffing beside the school dustbin. The boy offered a cigarette and hissed not to let others know. "My father often smokes in front of me. If I quit smoking, I will still share the poisonous air with him. So why not smoke?" said Liu Ruoxuan, a 16-year-old boy at Diao'e Town Middle School in Chicheng. But the role of cigarette retailers should not be ignored. Although the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) issued regulations in 2001 requiring all tobacco outlets to place signs on their counters to warn youngsters of the danger of smoking, few have complied. The fate is similar for the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency passed in 1999 that prohibits selling cigarettes to children. Liu Song's parents gave him two yuan (24 US cents) daily as pocket money, but he could still buy "Diamond" cigarettes every day, which cost four yuan (48 US cents) a pack. "Thanks to the shop owner, we are able to buy cigarettes piece by piece," said Liu Song, pointing at a shop opposite his school. Health Minister Zhang Wenkang said, "We must continue to harness adult smoking and prohibit cigarette sales to children. At the same time, joint efforts from society, families and schools are also needed to address the problem of juvenile smoking." China Smoke and Health Association plans to form an ad hoc anti-smoking committee composed of celebrities from the media and entertainment circles. "We want the mass media to publicize more on the harm of smoking and get the pop stars to influence youngsters with a positive image," said Zhang Yifang, deputy director of the association. At home, parents should set a good example for their children by not smoking in front of them, he advised. The role of schools in anti-smoking must not be overlooked. Doctor Ye Guangjun from the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Beijing University believed that student participation is the best way. "Knowledge about smoking is necessary, but not enough. Students are not onlookers." Zang Yingnian of the China Smoking and Health Association said, "Preventing children from smoking is very crucial in the anti-smoking campaign. They are not only the focus of our campaign but also supervisors and participators."
The use of tobacco products may be the Nation's most critical public health problem. It is, in fact, addiction to nicotine that is at the root of this enormous health, social, and financial burden.
An improved overall understanding of addiction, coupled with the identification of nicotine as an addictive drug, has been instrumental in the development of medications and behavioral treatments for nicotine addiction. In essence, science-driven treatment development has provided to consumers the option to easily purchase effective treatments, such as the nicotine patch and nicotine gum, in their local drugstores and supermarkets. Science has also shown that treating addiction with medications alone is not nearly as effective as when the medication is coupled with a behavioral approach. While we have made substantial progress in developing both pharmacological and behavioral treatments that have proven effective for many people, much more remains to be done.
The facts
Nicotine is one of the most heavily used addictive drugs in the United States. In 2003, 29.8 percent of the U.S. population 12 and older—70.8 million people—used tobacco at least once in the month prior to being interviewed.* This figure includes 3.6 million young people age 12 to 17. There were no statistically significant changes in past-month rates of the different tobacco products among this age group between 2002 and 2003. However, there were significant declines in past-year and lifetime cigarette use between 2002 and 2003. In addition, the rate of past-month cigarette use decreased among 13 year-olds. Young adults aged 18 to 25 reported the highest rate of current use of any tobacco products (44.8 percent). Cigarette smoking has been the most popular method of taking nicotine since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1989, the U.S. Surgeon General issued a report that concluded that cigarettes and other forms of tobacco, such as cigars, pipe tobacco, and chewing tobacco, are addictive and that nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. The report also determined that smoking was a major cause of stroke and the third leading cause of death in the United States. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing approximately 440,000 premature deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more than $75 billion in direct medical costs. (See www.cdc.gov/tobacco/issue.htm).
Health Hazards
Nicotine is highly addictive. Nicotine provides an almost immediate “kick” because it causes a discharge of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex. This stimulates the central nervous system and other endocrine glands, which causes a sudden release of glucose. Stimulation is then followed by depression and fatigue, leading the abuser to seek more nicotine. Nicotine is absorbed readily from tobacco smoke in the lungs, and it does not matter whether the tobacco smoke is from cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. Nicotine also is absorbed readily when tobacco is chewed. With regular use of tobacco, levels of nicotine accumulate in the body during the day and persist overnight. Thus, daily smokers or chewers are exposed to the effects of nicotine for 24 hours each day. Addiction to nicotine results in withdrawal symptoms when a person tries to stop smoking. For example, a study found that when chronic smokers were deprived of cigarettes for 24 hours, they had increased anger, hostility, and aggression, and loss of social cooperation. Persons suffering from withdrawal also take longer to regain emotional equilibrium following stress. During periods of abstinence and/or craving, smokers have shown impairment across a wide range of psychomotor and cognitive functions, such as language comprehension. Women who smoke generally have earlier menopause. If women smoke cigarettes and also take oral contraceptives, they are more prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases than are other smokers; this is especially true for women older than 30. Pregnant women who smoke cigarettes run an increased risk of having stillborn or premature infants or infants with low birthweight. Children of women who smoked while pregnant have an increased risk for developing conduct disorders. National studies of mothers and daughters have also found that maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the probability that female children would smoke and would persist in smoking. Adolescent smokeless tobacco users are more likely than nonusers to become cigarette smokers. Behavioral research is beginning to explain how social influences, such as observing adults or other peers smoking, affect whether adolescents begin to smoke cigarettes. Research has shown that teens are generally resistant to antismoking messages. In addition to nicotine, cigarette smoke is primarily composed of a dozen gases (mainly carbon monoxide) and tar. The tar in a cigarette, which varies from about 15 mg for a regular cigarette to 7 mg in a low-tar cigarette, exposes the user to an increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchial disorders. The carbon monoxide in the smoke increases the chance of cardiovascular diseases. The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that secondhand smoke causes lung cancer in adults and greatly increases the risk of respiratory illnesses in children and sudden infant death.
Promising Research
Research has shown that nicotine, like cocaine, heroin, and marijuana, increases the level of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which affects the brain pathways that control reward and pleasure. Scientists now have pinpointed a particular molecule [the beta 2 (b2)] subunit of the nicotine cholinergic receptor as a critical component in nicotine addiction. Mice that lack this subunit fail to self-administer nicotine, implying that without the b2 subunit, the mice do not experience the positive reinforcing properties of nicotine. This new finding identifies a potential site for targeting the development of nicotine addiction medications. Other new research found that individuals have greater resistance to nicotine addiction if they have a genetic variant that decreases the fun_ction of the enzyme CYP2A6. The decrease in CYP2A6 slows the breakdown of nicotine and protects individuals against nicotine addiction. Understanding the role of this enzyme in nicotine addiction gives a new target for developing more effective medications to help people stop smoking. Medications might be developed that can inhibit the fun_ction of CYP2A6, thus providing a new approach to preventing and treating nicotine addiction. Another study found dramatic changes in the brain’s pleasure circuits during withdrawal from chronic nicotine use. These changes are comparable in magnitude and duration to similar changes observed during withdrawal from other abused drugs such as cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, and alcohol. Scientists found significant decreases in the sensitivity of the brains of laboratory rats to pleasurable stimulation after nicotine administration was abruptly stopped. These changes lasted several days and may correspond to the anxiety and depression experienced by humans for several days after quitting smoking "cold turkey." The results of this research may help in the development of better treatments for the withdrawal symptoms that may interfere with individuals’ attempts to quit smoking.
Treatment
Studies have shown that pharmacological treatment combined with behavioral treatment, including psychological support and skills training to overcome high-risk situations, results in some of the highest long-term abstinence rates. Generally, rates of relapse for smoking cessation are highest in the first few weeks and months and diminish considerably after about 3 months. Behavioral economic studies find that alternative rewards and reinforcers can reduce cigarette use. One study found that the greatest reductions in cigarette use were achieved when smoking cost was increased in combination with the presence of alternative recreational activities. Nicotine chewing gum is one medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of nicotine dependence. Nicotine in this form acts as a nicotine replacement to help smokers quit smoking. The success rates for smoking cessation treatment with nicotine chewing gum vary considerably across studies, but evidence suggests that it is a safe means of facilitating smoking cessation if chewed according to instructions and restricted to patients who are under medical supervision. Another approach to smoking cessation is the nicotine transdermal patch, a skin patch that delivers a relatively constant amount of nicotine to the person wearing it. A research team at NIDA’s Intramural Research Program studied the safety, mechanism of action, and abuse liability of the patch that was consequently approved by FDA. Both nicotine gum and the nicotine patch, as well as other nicotine replacements such as sprays and inhalers, are used to help people fully quit smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms and preventing relapse while undergoing behavioral treatment. Another tool in treating nicotine addiction is a medication that goes by the trade name Zyban. This is not a nicotine replacement, as are the gum and patch. Rather, this works on other areas of the brain, and its effectiveness is in helping to make nicotine craving, or thoughts about cigarette use, more controllable in people who are trying to quit.
Extent of Use
2004 Monitoring the Future Survey (MTF)** Despite the demonstrated health risk associated with cigarette smoking, young Americans continue to smoke. However, 30-day smoking rates among high school students are declining from peaks reached in 1996 for 8th-graders (21.0 percent) and 10th-graders (30.4 percent) and in 1997 for seniors (36.5 percent). In 2004, 30-day*** rates reached the lowest levels ever reported by MTF for 8th-graders (9.2 percent) and 10th-graders (16.0 percent). Twenty-five percent of high school seniors reported smoking during the month preceding their responses to the survey. Lifetime cigarette use among 10th-graders decreased significantly, from 43.0 percent in 2003 to 40.7 percent in 2004. Among 10th-graders, there was a significant decrease in the number of students reporting that they smoke one-half pack or more cigarettes per day. The decrease in smoking rates among young Americans corresponds to several years in which increased proportions of teens said they believe there is a "great" health risk associated with cigarette smoking and expressed disapproval of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes a day. Students' personal disapproval of smoking had risen for some years, but showed no further increase in 2004. In 2004, 85.7 percent of 8th-graders, 82.7 percent of 10th-graders, and 76.2 percent of 12th-graders stated that they "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove" of people smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day. In addition, 8th- and 10th-graders reported significant increases in the perceived harmfulness of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day.
Chemicals Found In Cigarette Smoke
There are more than 4000 chemicals including the following:
Cancer Causing Agents:
Nitrosamines, Crysenes, Cadmium, Benzo (a) pyrene, Polonium 210, Nickel, P.A.H.s, Diberiz Acidine, B-Napthylamine, Urethane, N. Nitrosonornicotene, Toluidine
Metals:
Aluminum, Zinc, Magnesium, Mercury, Gold, Silicon, Silver, Titanium, Lead, Copper
And more:
Acetone (nail polish remover), Acetic Acid (Vinegar), Ammonium (Floor/Toilet Cleaner), Arsenic (poison), Butane (cigarette lighter fluid), Cadmium (rechargeable batteries), Carbon Monoxide (car exhaust fumes), DDT/Dieldrin (Insecticides), Ethanol (alcohol), Formaldehyde (preserver of body tissue and fabric), Hexamine (barbecue lighter), Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison), Methane (swamp gas), Methanol (rocket fuel), Napthalene (mothballs), Nicotine ( insecticide/addictive drug), Nitrobenzene (gasoline additive), Nitrous Oxide Phenols (disinfectant), Steric Acid (candle wax), Toluene (industrial solvent), Vinyl Chloride (makes PVC)
Glantz, S. (1992). Tobacco: Biology and Politics. Health Edco, Waco TX.
From WebHealthCenter.com
What is in a Cigarette?
There are nearly 4000 chemicals in a cigarette. Atleast 43 of the ingredients are carcinogenic (cancer causing). Here is a sampling:
Acetic Acid (Corrosive to respiratory tract)
Acetone (used in nail polish removers.)
Ammonia. (Used in floor and toilet cleaners)
Arsenic (a poison)
Cadmium (Car battery Fluid)
Carbon Monoxide (interferes with the supply of oxygen in the blood to the rest of the body)
DDT/ dielderon (Insecticides)
Ethanol (Alcohol)
Formalin (used in preserving human tissue and fabric)
Hexamine (used in explosive compounds)
Hydrogen Cyanide (Poison)
Methane (Petroleum Gas)
Naphthalene (used in moth balls)
Nicotine (Schedule 6 Poison)
Nitro Benzene (a petrol additive)
Phenols (used in disinfectants)
Stearic Acid (used in candle wax)
Toluene (Industrial solvent)
Vinyl Chloride (used in PVC)
Cigarettes are Poisonous.
This is not the drone of someone trying to tell you what to do with your life, it is a fact. Just because they are sold in stores doesn't mean they're ok. And sure, they make you look bad when you smoke them, because it is bad to smoke them. Bad like a rotten, moldy sandwich in the bottom of the refrigerator, or like oven cleaner on your Frosted Flakes.
The only ones who are really bad are the corporation executives in their yachts, laughing at you while you get cancer, and make them rich.
Here is a partial list of the chemicals in Commercially manufactured cigarettes. The first part are chemicals known to cause cancer, called carcinogens. Here are chemicals in secondhand smoke
Dimethylnitrosamine
Ethylmethylnitrosamine
Nitrosopyrrolidine
Hydrazine
Vinyl Chloride
Urethane
Formaldehyde
Other Toxic Agents:
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Acrolein
Acetadehyde
Nitrogen oxides
Ammonia
Pyridine
Nitric acid
Mathylamine
Hydrogen cyanide
Indole
3-hydroxypyridine
3-vinylpyridine
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
1,3-Butadiene, mg
Nitrous acid
isoquioline
Isoamylamine
3-Cyanopyridine
This is only a partial list. They put these chemicals in cigarettes to reduce tar while maintaining the level of nicotine necessary to keep them addictive. Keeping the tar down helps to calm people's fears about health risks. Since the companies are free of any supervision they are not compelled to reveal the chemicals they use. But recent breaks in the wall of secrecy have revealed that cigarettes are only about 40% tobacco, and 60% other junk.
(From: E. L. Wynder, M.D., and D. Hoffman, Ph.D., Tobacco and Health, The New England Journal of Medicine, April 19, 1979)
A new book by Richard Kluger called Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-year cigarette war, the public health, and the unabashed triumph of Philip Morris details dramatically how the cigarette industry consciously controls and strengthens the nicotine levels in cigarettes.
Kluger also shows that the industry knowingly focuses advertising on 10 to 16 year olds; knowing that that age group is the most easily hooked. He presents recent scientific evidence that adolescents are the most susceptible to nicotine.
He shows how their financial clout has bought them immunity from the laws binding the rest of society.
课件17张PPT。What are they doing?1) Have you ever smoked?
2) Who smoke around you?
3) Where do they smoke?
4) Have you seen any students
smoked? Answer the following questions It was 1:45 in the afternoon, a quarter of an hour before class time. Unlike other students who were making preparations in the classroom, 12-year-old Qiao Yunlu (not his real name) was enjoying a cigarette
beside a school dustbin(垃圾箱) in the backyard. Smoking Problem of Student Smokers China Daily, Saturday, February 22, 2003Liu Song (not his real name), 15, is in
his second grade at Chicheng No 2
Middle School, and has already been
smoking for four years. Normally he
smokes half a pack each day,"Smoking is part of my life now”,said Liu with a smile that showed his yellow teeth. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control made a survey in May last year among more than 8,000 students in Beijing. Results show that 21.59 %
of middle school students and 6.17% of primary school pupils smoke.
China, home to one-fourth of the world's smokers, is the world's largest producer
and consumer(消费者) of
tobacco. The survey shows
the country has 320 million
smokers, about 36% of the
population.
1、Why do so many students smoke or want to smoke?Top 6 reasons for young students’ smoking
1 Reduce(减少)pressure(压力).
2 Curiosity(好奇).
3 Poplar actors and kids do it.
4 It is cool.
5 Mothers or fathers smoke.
6 Brothers or sisters smoke.
Discussion2、How do you think of smoking?
Is it good or not?Read Facts about smoking. Choose the answers you think are correct. 1) During the 1990s, (21,000/21,000,000) people died
as a result of smoking cigarettes.
2) A quarter of young people who smoke more than
(10/20) cigarettes a day will die prematurely(早地)
as a result of smoking.
3) In the United Kingdom, smoking causes
(12,000/121,000)deaths a year.
4) Thirteen people die (every hour/ every day) from
illness related to smoking tobacco, such as cancer ,
bronchitis and heart disease.
5) Every year, about (20/200) people are killed and
(200/2000) are seriously injured in fires caused
by smoking.6) There are over (4,000/40) Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke and (40/4) of those chemicals are known to cause cancer.7) The total nicotine in (1/10) cigarette(s) can kill
a little rat, the total nicotine(尼古丁) in ( 25/250)cigarettes
can kill a strong ox(牛). Smoking is so
harmful that
all of us should
keep away from
it. If you are a
smoker，you
should try to
stop it.But how can
Smokers give up
smoking???Read the passage on P19 and try to find
the answer to the questions below.
1、What are the four Ds when people want
a cigarette?
2 、What are the four ideas to help people
to give up smoking?
1、What are the four Ds when people want
a cigarette? NO.1 DelayNO.2 DistractionNO.3 Drink waterNO.4 Deep breathing2 、What are the four ideas help the people
to give up smoking?1 Make a plan. 2 Set a date when you are going to stop.3 Keep busy.4 Develop new interests.3、Do you have any other ideas to help
people give up smoking?
Suppose your father is a heavy smoker, you want to help him give up smoking ,and you have decided to write him a letter to persuade him to keep away from cigarettes. Now please write it in group of four. You can begin like this:
Dear father,
I am writing to you to tell you something about smoking. … …
Group work Some useful expressions …be harmful to…
…do harm to…
…causes …
…be good/bad for…
…have a(an)… effect on…
… be addicted to …
You’d better …
You should…
If you… ,you will…
I hope…
I wish…
A letter to a smoker father Smoking is a kind of Suicide.
Smoking is a kind of murder.
Smoking is a kind of crime.
Stop it right now. Thank you!
