牛津英语模块5Unit2词汇课件
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课件36张PPT。Unit 2The environmentWelcome to the uniteconomy economical
economically economics
economicsmism economizer
economist
political economy
individual economy
national economy
centrally planned economy
International economic and trade
经济, 节约经济地, 经济学地经济主义经济学者, 经济家政治经济学个体经济国民经济中央计划经济国际经济与贸易节约的, 经济的经济学节约者environment
environmental
environmentalist
environmentalistic
environmental transition
adjust to a new environment
beautify the environment
inhabited environment
n . 环境, 外界adj. 周围的, 环境的 n.环境论 n. 环境保护论者, 环境论者, adj. 环境保护论者的, 环境论者的环境变迁适应环境美化环境居住环境debate ⑴vt. &vi --formal discussion at a public meeting
搭配：debate（about）sth. with sb.
debate wh-+to do
debate with oneself 独自考虑，心中盘算
⑵n. 辩论，争论
eg. 1. 他们正在争辩什么？_______________________________________
2. 他们正在讨论去还是不去。_________________________________________
3. 我们必须就这件事和父母讨论一下。__________________________________.
拓展：beyond debate 无可争辩
open a debate 展开争辩
hold a debate 举行争辩
a warm debate 激烈的争辩What are they debating ?They are debating whether to go or not .We should debate with our parents about it .under debate 正在辩论中lay vt. 产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放 （laid , laid ）
lie (撒谎)----lied---lied --lying
lie（平躺）---lay---lain -- lying
eg. 不要把你的外套放在床上
___________________________________________
My brother ______ the hen aside, saying, “It doesn’t _____well these days, perhaps it is sick.
A. lay, lay B. lied, lay
C. laid, lie D. laid, lay
拓展：lay aside 把----放在一边，储存（某物）待用
lay off 解雇（工人）
lay out 摊开，摆出Don’t lay your coat on the bed.请根据句子意思，用lay或lie的正确形式填空。
Please _______ the book where it _______.
The little boy _______ that he _______ the egg _______ by the hen _______ under the tree in the box.lay lay liedhad laidlaidlying
拓展
放重点在……上 b. 摆设餐具 c. 归罪于
d. 暂时解雇 e. 储蓄
Please lay the table for dinner.
The couple laid aside some money for their old age.
The president laid great emphasis on would peace.
Don’t lay all the blame for the accident on me.
Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials.1. b 2.e 3.a 3.c 4.din addition 另外，加之，又”，adv
---besides or as well。
He had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。
There was a big earthquake and, in addition, there were terrible tsunamis.
In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.
in addition to prep ，“加之，除了…之外”
He speaks French in addition to English.
In addition to the sandwiches, Aunt Mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.
When he fell off his bike, he hurt his arm and,
______ __________ _________ his glasses. 他从车上摔下来，摔伤了，胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
There was an earthquake and, ________ __(另外) there were huge waves.
He speaks French _______ ________ English. （除了英语以为）in addition to in addition in addition to wiped out
wipe out在 “扫除，消灭”，“擦洗…的内部，雪耻”
I hope that the terrible scene will be wiped out from the little boy’s memory.
It is reported that the imported plant will wipe out some of the original species there.
All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.
The deadly disease almost wiped out the entire population
拓展:
a. （把溅出的水等）抹掉 b. 擦掉
c. 擦去（眼泪等） d. 把…擦干
Will you please wipe off the drawing from the blackboard?
Please wipe up that spilt coffee.
She wiped her tears away with her handkerchief.
Please wipe the glasses dry.cut back on
cut back on 意为“削减，缩减，减少”。
They’ve already cut back production by twenty percent.
You have to cut back on spending.
拓展:
a. 切碎 b. 插嘴 c. 切断（电力、煤气、自来水等）
d. 剪下 e. 使孤立 f. 砍倒
The electricity was cut off because of the terrible storm.
They shouldn’t have cut down those young trees.
To make the dish, you should first cut up the vegetables into small pieces.
He cut out an article about Liuxiang from the newspaper.
The moment I began to speak, he cut in.
The village was cut off by the heavy snow. c f a d b e approach ⑴vt & vi 接近，靠近，着手处理
eg 1.______________________________ 教师节快到了。
2. He is a man hard ___________________. 他是个难以接近的人。
3. She __________ everything in a peculiar way.
她处理问题方式很怪。
⑵ n. [u] 靠近，临近 [c] 通路，入口，方法，途径（常和介词to连用）
I like her___________ to the problem.
我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
拓展 make approaches to sb. 设法接近
approach sb. on/about sth. 与打交道
be easy of approach（人容易接近；(地方)容易到达，交通方便
Teachers’ day is approaching.to approachapproachesapproachproduction
production un ，意为“生产，产出，产量，生产量”
The company is famous for the production of mobile phones.
Production has been increased by using better methods.
This type of cars is produced in mass production.
produce v，“生产”；“productive” adj ，意为“多产的”；
product， c n. 意为“产品，生产物”，如：
What are the chief farm products in your province? beneficial
beneficial adj，意为“有益的，有利的，有帮助的”，
“be beneficial to …”，意为“对……有帮助的”，
Enough sleep, good food and some exercise are beneficial to the health.
I hope this holiday will be beneficial for my husband, who is under high pressure of work.
beneficial benefit n, v ，“利益，帮助，恩惠，益处”，
be of benefit to，“对……有裨益”；
for the benefit of，“为了……的利益”，
I got a lot of benefit from traveling around the world.
These collected money will be used for the benefit of the people from flood-stricken areas.
benefit vt vi“有益于；对…有益，因…得到利益”。 effective adj，“有效的”，
The local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging the ecosystem.
This medicine is highly effective against bird-flu.
The new law becomes effective on October 1st.
effective-----“more effective”---“the most effective”。
effectively adv，“有效地”。反义词ineffective，“无效的”；
effect n，“功效，作用”，
have a/an …effect on…，“对…产生…的作用”
This medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that patient.
Punishment had very little effect on those factories, which created harmful waste.
The plans of protecting the endangered animals will soon be carried into effect. willing
willing是形容词，意为“乐意的，自愿的”
Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?
Are they willing workers for environmental protection?
willingly，adv “乐意地”，
“willingness”，n ,“心甘情愿”，
He gave up his seat to the old lady willingly. open the floor
open the floor 意为“自由发言”。如：
The club members opened the floor for their discussion whether they should give up the plan or not.
拓展-
a. 告知，表明 b. 开火 c. 展现
d. 开张 e. 以…开始 f. 展开，打开。
The lovely view opened out before our eyes.
He opened his heart to the girl.
My dream is to open a restaurant.
The Red Army men opened fire at the enemy.
He opened out a folding map for all of us and began his story.
The story opened with a love story between a prince and a princess. c a d b f efloor 发言权 n
have / get / obtain the floor 得到发言权
take the floor 发言
He didn’t get the floor
At last the chairman took the floor
ask for the floor 要求发言
be on the floor 正在发言中
give the floor to 给予发言权run out of / run out
run out of 意为“用完，耗尽”。如：
I have run out of my pocket money.＝My pocket money has run out.
We are running out of fuel. ＝Our fuel is running out.
拓展:
褪色 b. 逃出，逃跑 c. 撞上 d. 偶然遇见
e. 发烧 f. 追赶 g. 连续跑
Luckily, they ran away from the fire.
I ran across one of my old friends in the street this morning.
The two policemen are running after a thief.
The color of this T-shirt runs easily.
His car ran into the post.
The little girl ran a high fever.
He will run on for hours if you don’t stop him.b d f a c e gshock ⑴vt. 使震惊，使震动
eg. It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我们差一点丧命，我就非常害怕。
_________________________________
他的所作所为让我们很震惊。
⑵ n.[c] 令人震惊的事件（情况）消息
_____________ it is to hear that the factory would have to close.
A. What a shock B. What shock
C. How a shock D. How shock what he had done shocked us most.disappointed
disappoint vt “使失望”
disappointed adj ，“失望的，沮丧的”
be disappointed at/about/with，意为“对…而感到失望”，
be disappointed to do sth.，“做…而感到失望”
The result of the experiment really disappointed us.
Please don’t disappoint me.
What are you looking so disappointed about?
He was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused.
We were disappointed that our team had lost the game.
disappointing adj，“让人失望的，令人扫兴的”，
How disappointing the weather this summer is!
disappointment n ，“失望，灰心，扫兴”，
When he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious.
Much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off because of the bad weather. 否定前缀主要有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-和un-，可译成汉语“非”、“无”、“不（是）”、“未” . dis-常加在名词、形容词、动词之前。 agreement (同意；一致) — disagreement (分歧；不一致) advantage (优势；有利条件) — disadvantage (不利条件；缺点) honest (诚实的) — dishonest (不诚实的) like (喜欢) —dislike (不喜欢)??appear (出现) — disappear (消失) 2. im-常加在以字母m-, p-开头的形容词之前。如： moral （道德的） — immoral (不道德的)??????
possible (可能的) — impossible (不可能的) polite (有礼貌的；客气的) — impolite (无礼的；粗鲁的) 3. un-常加在名词、形容词、副词之前。如： happiness（幸福 — unhappiness不幸福
usual (通常的) — unusual 不寻常的；罕见的
important (重要的) — unimportant (不重要的) friendly (友好的) — unfriendly 不友好的；不友善的healthy (健康的) — unhealthy (不健康的；不益于健康的) crowded (拥挤的) — uncrowded (不拥挤的)??
able (能；会) — unable (无能的；不会的) fair (公平的；公正的) — unfair(不公平的；不公正的) familiar (熟悉的) — unfamiliar (不熟悉的；没有经验的)? necessary (必要的) — unnecessary (不必要的)? fortunately (幸运地) — unfortunately (不幸运地) 4. in-常加在名词、形容词之前
ability（能力） — inability（无能；无力）???
correct（正确的） — incorrect（不正确的） 5. ir-常加在以r-开头的形容词前 regular（规则的） — irregular（不规则的；不规律的） closely adv. 强调程度上“严密地，紧密地，相似地，仔细地。
close adj. &adv. 强调空间距离上近。
Don’t stand too ______ to the dog. 别离狗太近。
He listened ______to me. 他仔细地听我讲话。
We were so _______ packed in the lift that I could hardly move.
我们紧紧地挤在电梯里，我几乎动弹不了。closecloselyclosely.limited
limited adj，“有限的”
His knowledge of history is rather limited.
The limited edition made the stamp move valuable.
You should drive within the limited speed in this area, otherwise you’ll be fined.
limit n，“极限，限度，界限”
The task is too much for me. I know my limits.
Her patience reached its limit.
If only the banks would lend money without limit?
limit v，意为“限制，限定”。
limit sb./sth. to sth.，意为“把…限制在…内”。如：
We must limit the expense to what we can afford.
Mother limited us to an ice-cream each.decrease 减少，减小 （反义词：increase）
decrease in … 在……方面减少
decrease by… 减少（数量）
decrease to… 减少到（结果）
e.g. _________ growth is decreasing _______1.4% each year.
每年人口的增长减少了1.4%。
The boss is going to _____________ ________ ___老板准备减少他的报酬。
The membership decreased ________ 150.
会员数减少到150人。
Since 1945, air forces have decreased _________ 1945年以来，空军的数量已经有了减少。
Populationbydecrease his wage/ paytoin number raise vt，“引发；提出
a. 饲养（家畜等） b. 筹款，筹措 c. 举起，抬起 d. 建立，建造 e. 抬高，提高
Please raise your hands if you are for the plan.
His father raised his voice in anger.
The farmer raised 20 pigs and some chickens.
They raised enough money for the environmental production project.
They planned to raise a monument for the dead.
Keys: c e a b d raise vt，( raised，raised；raising)
Rise vi，(rose，risen；rising)
Practice:
1. He told us that he __________________ by his aunt.
2. As we all know, the sun _____________ in the east and sets in the west.
3. The river ____________ 3 inches since it rained.
4. He stood there with his right hand _______________.
5.A great number of nations _______________ and fell in the course of history.
6.The price of a cup of coffee _____________________ by ten cents.
7.I saw tears ___________to her eyes.
8. He ________________ to his feet, ______________ his voice in anger. was raised rises has risen raised has risen/has been raised rose rising rose raising equipment un，“设备，器材，装备”
What’s the cost of equipment?
We’ll visit a factory with modern equipment this afternoon.
He spent much time and money on the equipment of his new house.
equip v，“装备于…，使…本身具备”，(equipped、equipped，equipping)
Shall we equip our office with a printer?
We found our new school equipped with different kinds of sports facilities.
The more we learn, the more equipped for dealing with all kinds of problems in the modern society we become.pick out 挑出, 找出 ,了解、领会
He is always quick in picking out the meaning of a passage.
拓展:
a. 挑三拣四 b. 驾去接某人 c. 恢复健康
d. 遭扒窃 e. 偶然获得 f. 采花
Shall I pick you up at the station?
I had my pocket picked yesterday.
The boy was caught picking flowers in the garden.
Don’t pick and choose. We are short of money these days.
I think he’ll pick up soon.
He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.Keys: b d f a c e
concern ⑴.vt. 与……有关， 关系到，使有关，使担心
be concerned about sth. 担心，忧虑
concern oneself about/ with sth. 使自己关心……
e.g. Don’t ________ yourself _______other people’s affairs. 别干涉他人的事。
so/as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就----而言
拓展：concerned adj. 忧虑的（前置定语、表语）， concerning prep. 关于
e.g. __________ ____________忧虑的家长
a ___________ _________ 忧虑的表情
____________ your advice, I am thinking about it.
It’s a question ____________ ___________ ____________
这是个关于他个人生活的问题。concern about
concerned parents concerned look Concerning. concerning his private lifetake into consideration
take…into consideration “考虑到某事”
We must take the weather into consideration first when climbing mountains.
be under consideration “正在考虑中”
When to begin the plan of exchange students is under consideration.
leave... out of consideration “对…不加考虑”
There is one important fact that has been left out of consideration.
show consideration for “体谅”
He shows much consideration for his wife.
in consideration of “考虑到…，顾及…”
In consideration of his poor health, they decided to go on the journey without him.
on no consideration “绝不…”
On no consideration can you give up the plan.measure
⑴n. 措施，方法，程度
⑵vt. 测量（长度，大小，重量等）
The centimeter is a _________ of length. 厘米是长度的单位。
The tailor ________ me for a suit. 裁缝量了我的尺寸好做西装。
拓展:to one’s own measure. 按照某人的尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做……
beyond measure 非常地，过度地
in large measure/ in some measure 在很大/某种程度上
take one’s measure 量…的尺寸；判断…的性格
They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.
The school has taken some measures to prevent cheating.measure measuredremain ⑴vi. 剩余，遗留，停留
e.g. She _______ ________ ________ ________ her children.
她留在家中照顾小孩。
After the fire, _________ ___________. 火灾过后，所剩无几。
⑵ link v. 仍然是，保存=stay
Although he was asked again and again,
he ________ _________. 虽被反复追问，他仍然保持缄默。
拓展：remaining adj. 剩下的（常作前置定语） cf. left adj. 剩下的（常作后置定语）
remain to be done 留待以后再说
e.g. It remains to be seen whether he will pass the test.remained at home to look afterlittle remainedremained silentprohibit sb. from doing sth. “用法律、规则等禁止某人做…”或“事情妨碍某人…”。
Children are prohibited from buying cigarettes.
The sale of this medicine is prohibited.
His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.
prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.“妨碍、防止某人做某事”。其中prevent和stop词组里的from可省略。被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不能省略。如：
Her sudden arrival prevented me (from) going out.
The government has taken some measures to prevent the disease from spreading.
economically economics
economicsmism economizer
economist
political economy
individual economy
national economy
centrally planned economy
International economic and trade
经济, 节约经济地, 经济学地经济主义经济学者, 经济家政治经济学个体经济国民经济中央计划经济国际经济与贸易节约的, 经济的经济学节约者environment
environmental
environmentalist
environmentalistic
environmental transition
adjust to a new environment
beautify the environment
inhabited environment
n . 环境, 外界adj. 周围的, 环境的 n.环境论 n. 环境保护论者, 环境论者, adj. 环境保护论者的, 环境论者的环境变迁适应环境美化环境居住环境debate ⑴vt. &vi --formal discussion at a public meeting
搭配：debate（about）sth. with sb.
debate wh-+to do
debate with oneself 独自考虑，心中盘算
⑵n. 辩论，争论
eg. 1. 他们正在争辩什么？_______________________________________
2. 他们正在讨论去还是不去。_________________________________________
3. 我们必须就这件事和父母讨论一下。__________________________________.
拓展：beyond debate 无可争辩
open a debate 展开争辩
hold a debate 举行争辩
a warm debate 激烈的争辩What are they debating ?They are debating whether to go or not .We should debate with our parents about it .under debate 正在辩论中lay vt. 产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放 （laid , laid ）
lie (撒谎)----lied---lied --lying
lie（平躺）---lay---lain -- lying
eg. 不要把你的外套放在床上
___________________________________________
My brother ______ the hen aside, saying, “It doesn’t _____well these days, perhaps it is sick.
A. lay, lay B. lied, lay
C. laid, lie D. laid, lay
拓展：lay aside 把----放在一边，储存（某物）待用
lay off 解雇（工人）
lay out 摊开，摆出Don’t lay your coat on the bed.请根据句子意思，用lay或lie的正确形式填空。
Please _______ the book where it _______.
The little boy _______ that he _______ the egg _______ by the hen _______ under the tree in the box.lay lay liedhad laidlaidlying
拓展
放重点在……上 b. 摆设餐具 c. 归罪于
d. 暂时解雇 e. 储蓄
Please lay the table for dinner.
The couple laid aside some money for their old age.
The president laid great emphasis on would peace.
Don’t lay all the blame for the accident on me.
Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials.1. b 2.e 3.a 3.c 4.din addition 另外，加之，又”，adv
---besides or as well。
He had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。
There was a big earthquake and, in addition, there were terrible tsunamis.
In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.
in addition to prep ，“加之，除了…之外”
He speaks French in addition to English.
In addition to the sandwiches, Aunt Mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.
When he fell off his bike, he hurt his arm and,
______ __________ _________ his glasses. 他从车上摔下来，摔伤了，胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
There was an earthquake and, ________ __(另外) there were huge waves.
He speaks French _______ ________ English. （除了英语以为）in addition to in addition in addition to wiped out
wipe out在 “扫除，消灭”，“擦洗…的内部，雪耻”
I hope that the terrible scene will be wiped out from the little boy’s memory.
It is reported that the imported plant will wipe out some of the original species there.
All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.
The deadly disease almost wiped out the entire population
拓展:
a. （把溅出的水等）抹掉 b. 擦掉
c. 擦去（眼泪等） d. 把…擦干
Will you please wipe off the drawing from the blackboard?
Please wipe up that spilt coffee.
She wiped her tears away with her handkerchief.
Please wipe the glasses dry.cut back on
cut back on 意为“削减，缩减，减少”。
They’ve already cut back production by twenty percent.
You have to cut back on spending.
拓展:
a. 切碎 b. 插嘴 c. 切断（电力、煤气、自来水等）
d. 剪下 e. 使孤立 f. 砍倒
The electricity was cut off because of the terrible storm.
They shouldn’t have cut down those young trees.
To make the dish, you should first cut up the vegetables into small pieces.
He cut out an article about Liuxiang from the newspaper.
The moment I began to speak, he cut in.
The village was cut off by the heavy snow. c f a d b e approach ⑴vt & vi 接近，靠近，着手处理
eg 1.______________________________ 教师节快到了。
2. He is a man hard ___________________. 他是个难以接近的人。
3. She __________ everything in a peculiar way.
她处理问题方式很怪。
⑵ n. [u] 靠近，临近 [c] 通路，入口，方法，途径（常和介词to连用）
I like her___________ to the problem.
我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
拓展 make approaches to sb. 设法接近
approach sb. on/about sth. 与打交道
be easy of approach（人容易接近；(地方)容易到达，交通方便
Teachers’ day is approaching.to approachapproachesapproachproduction
production un ，意为“生产，产出，产量，生产量”
The company is famous for the production of mobile phones.
Production has been increased by using better methods.
This type of cars is produced in mass production.
produce v，“生产”；“productive” adj ，意为“多产的”；
product， c n. 意为“产品，生产物”，如：
What are the chief farm products in your province? beneficial
beneficial adj，意为“有益的，有利的，有帮助的”，
“be beneficial to …”，意为“对……有帮助的”，
Enough sleep, good food and some exercise are beneficial to the health.
I hope this holiday will be beneficial for my husband, who is under high pressure of work.
beneficial benefit n, v ，“利益，帮助，恩惠，益处”，
be of benefit to，“对……有裨益”；
for the benefit of，“为了……的利益”，
I got a lot of benefit from traveling around the world.
These collected money will be used for the benefit of the people from flood-stricken areas.
benefit vt vi“有益于；对…有益，因…得到利益”。 effective adj，“有效的”，
The local government has already taken some effective measure to develop the city without damaging the ecosystem.
This medicine is highly effective against bird-flu.
The new law becomes effective on October 1st.
effective-----“more effective”---“the most effective”。
effectively adv，“有效地”。反义词ineffective，“无效的”；
effect n，“功效，作用”，
have a/an …effect on…，“对…产生…的作用”
This medicine had a good/a bad/a side/an ill/an instant/a negative effect on that patient.
Punishment had very little effect on those factories, which created harmful waste.
The plans of protecting the endangered animals will soon be carried into effect. willing
willing是形容词，意为“乐意的，自愿的”
Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?
Are they willing workers for environmental protection?
willingly，adv “乐意地”，
“willingness”，n ,“心甘情愿”，
He gave up his seat to the old lady willingly. open the floor
open the floor 意为“自由发言”。如：
The club members opened the floor for their discussion whether they should give up the plan or not.
拓展-
a. 告知，表明 b. 开火 c. 展现
d. 开张 e. 以…开始 f. 展开，打开。
The lovely view opened out before our eyes.
He opened his heart to the girl.
My dream is to open a restaurant.
The Red Army men opened fire at the enemy.
He opened out a folding map for all of us and began his story.
The story opened with a love story between a prince and a princess. c a d b f efloor 发言权 n
have / get / obtain the floor 得到发言权
take the floor 发言
He didn’t get the floor
At last the chairman took the floor
ask for the floor 要求发言
be on the floor 正在发言中
give the floor to 给予发言权run out of / run out
run out of 意为“用完，耗尽”。如：
I have run out of my pocket money.＝My pocket money has run out.
We are running out of fuel. ＝Our fuel is running out.
拓展:
褪色 b. 逃出，逃跑 c. 撞上 d. 偶然遇见
e. 发烧 f. 追赶 g. 连续跑
Luckily, they ran away from the fire.
I ran across one of my old friends in the street this morning.
The two policemen are running after a thief.
The color of this T-shirt runs easily.
His car ran into the post.
The little girl ran a high fever.
He will run on for hours if you don’t stop him.b d f a c e gshock ⑴vt. 使震惊，使震动
eg. It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我们差一点丧命，我就非常害怕。
_________________________________
他的所作所为让我们很震惊。
⑵ n.[c] 令人震惊的事件（情况）消息
_____________ it is to hear that the factory would have to close.
A. What a shock B. What shock
C. How a shock D. How shock what he had done shocked us most.disappointed
disappoint vt “使失望”
disappointed adj ，“失望的，沮丧的”
be disappointed at/about/with，意为“对…而感到失望”，
be disappointed to do sth.，“做…而感到失望”
The result of the experiment really disappointed us.
Please don’t disappoint me.
What are you looking so disappointed about?
He was disappointed to hear the news that his visa was refused.
We were disappointed that our team had lost the game.
disappointing adj，“让人失望的，令人扫兴的”，
How disappointing the weather this summer is!
disappointment n ，“失望，灰心，扫兴”，
When he heard the bad news, his disappointment was obvious.
Much to my disappointment, the picnic was put off because of the bad weather. 否定前缀主要有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-和un-，可译成汉语“非”、“无”、“不（是）”、“未” . dis-常加在名词、形容词、动词之前。 agreement (同意；一致) — disagreement (分歧；不一致) advantage (优势；有利条件) — disadvantage (不利条件；缺点) honest (诚实的) — dishonest (不诚实的) like (喜欢) —dislike (不喜欢)??appear (出现) — disappear (消失) 2. im-常加在以字母m-, p-开头的形容词之前。如： moral （道德的） — immoral (不道德的)??????
possible (可能的) — impossible (不可能的) polite (有礼貌的；客气的) — impolite (无礼的；粗鲁的) 3. un-常加在名词、形容词、副词之前。如： happiness（幸福 — unhappiness不幸福
usual (通常的) — unusual 不寻常的；罕见的
important (重要的) — unimportant (不重要的) friendly (友好的) — unfriendly 不友好的；不友善的healthy (健康的) — unhealthy (不健康的；不益于健康的) crowded (拥挤的) — uncrowded (不拥挤的)??
able (能；会) — unable (无能的；不会的) fair (公平的；公正的) — unfair(不公平的；不公正的) familiar (熟悉的) — unfamiliar (不熟悉的；没有经验的)? necessary (必要的) — unnecessary (不必要的)? fortunately (幸运地) — unfortunately (不幸运地) 4. in-常加在名词、形容词之前
ability（能力） — inability（无能；无力）???
correct（正确的） — incorrect（不正确的） 5. ir-常加在以r-开头的形容词前 regular（规则的） — irregular（不规则的；不规律的） closely adv. 强调程度上“严密地，紧密地，相似地，仔细地。
close adj. &adv. 强调空间距离上近。
Don’t stand too ______ to the dog. 别离狗太近。
He listened ______to me. 他仔细地听我讲话。
We were so _______ packed in the lift that I could hardly move.
我们紧紧地挤在电梯里，我几乎动弹不了。closecloselyclosely.limited
limited adj，“有限的”
His knowledge of history is rather limited.
The limited edition made the stamp move valuable.
You should drive within the limited speed in this area, otherwise you’ll be fined.
limit n，“极限，限度，界限”
The task is too much for me. I know my limits.
Her patience reached its limit.
If only the banks would lend money without limit?
limit v，意为“限制，限定”。
limit sb./sth. to sth.，意为“把…限制在…内”。如：
We must limit the expense to what we can afford.
Mother limited us to an ice-cream each.decrease 减少，减小 （反义词：increase）
decrease in … 在……方面减少
decrease by… 减少（数量）
decrease to… 减少到（结果）
e.g. _________ growth is decreasing _______1.4% each year.
每年人口的增长减少了1.4%。
The boss is going to _____________ ________ ___老板准备减少他的报酬。
The membership decreased ________ 150.
会员数减少到150人。
Since 1945, air forces have decreased _________ 1945年以来，空军的数量已经有了减少。
Populationbydecrease his wage/ paytoin number raise vt，“引发；提出
a. 饲养（家畜等） b. 筹款，筹措 c. 举起，抬起 d. 建立，建造 e. 抬高，提高
Please raise your hands if you are for the plan.
His father raised his voice in anger.
The farmer raised 20 pigs and some chickens.
They raised enough money for the environmental production project.
They planned to raise a monument for the dead.
Keys: c e a b d raise vt，( raised，raised；raising)
Rise vi，(rose，risen；rising)
Practice:
1. He told us that he __________________ by his aunt.
2. As we all know, the sun _____________ in the east and sets in the west.
3. The river ____________ 3 inches since it rained.
4. He stood there with his right hand _______________.
5.A great number of nations _______________ and fell in the course of history.
6.The price of a cup of coffee _____________________ by ten cents.
7.I saw tears ___________to her eyes.
8. He ________________ to his feet, ______________ his voice in anger. was raised rises has risen raised has risen/has been raised rose rising rose raising equipment un，“设备，器材，装备”
What’s the cost of equipment?
We’ll visit a factory with modern equipment this afternoon.
He spent much time and money on the equipment of his new house.
equip v，“装备于…，使…本身具备”，(equipped、equipped，equipping)
Shall we equip our office with a printer?
We found our new school equipped with different kinds of sports facilities.
The more we learn, the more equipped for dealing with all kinds of problems in the modern society we become.pick out 挑出, 找出 ,了解、领会
He is always quick in picking out the meaning of a passage.
拓展:
a. 挑三拣四 b. 驾去接某人 c. 恢复健康
d. 遭扒窃 e. 偶然获得 f. 采花
Shall I pick you up at the station?
I had my pocket picked yesterday.
The boy was caught picking flowers in the garden.
Don’t pick and choose. We are short of money these days.
I think he’ll pick up soon.
He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.Keys: b d f a c e
concern ⑴.vt. 与……有关， 关系到，使有关，使担心
be concerned about sth. 担心，忧虑
concern oneself about/ with sth. 使自己关心……
e.g. Don’t ________ yourself _______other people’s affairs. 别干涉他人的事。
so/as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就----而言
拓展：concerned adj. 忧虑的（前置定语、表语）， concerning prep. 关于
e.g. __________ ____________忧虑的家长
a ___________ _________ 忧虑的表情
____________ your advice, I am thinking about it.
It’s a question ____________ ___________ ____________
这是个关于他个人生活的问题。concern about
concerned parents concerned look Concerning. concerning his private lifetake into consideration
take…into consideration “考虑到某事”
We must take the weather into consideration first when climbing mountains.
be under consideration “正在考虑中”
When to begin the plan of exchange students is under consideration.
leave... out of consideration “对…不加考虑”
There is one important fact that has been left out of consideration.
show consideration for “体谅”
He shows much consideration for his wife.
in consideration of “考虑到…，顾及…”
In consideration of his poor health, they decided to go on the journey without him.
on no consideration “绝不…”
On no consideration can you give up the plan.measure
⑴n. 措施，方法，程度
⑵vt. 测量（长度，大小，重量等）
The centimeter is a _________ of length. 厘米是长度的单位。
The tailor ________ me for a suit. 裁缝量了我的尺寸好做西装。
拓展:to one’s own measure. 按照某人的尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做……
beyond measure 非常地，过度地
in large measure/ in some measure 在很大/某种程度上
take one’s measure 量…的尺寸；判断…的性格
They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.
The school has taken some measures to prevent cheating.measure measuredremain ⑴vi. 剩余，遗留，停留
e.g. She _______ ________ ________ ________ her children.
她留在家中照顾小孩。
After the fire, _________ ___________. 火灾过后，所剩无几。
⑵ link v. 仍然是，保存=stay
Although he was asked again and again,
he ________ _________. 虽被反复追问，他仍然保持缄默。
拓展：remaining adj. 剩下的（常作前置定语） cf. left adj. 剩下的（常作后置定语）
remain to be done 留待以后再说
e.g. It remains to be seen whether he will pass the test.remained at home to look afterlittle remainedremained silentprohibit sb. from doing sth. “用法律、规则等禁止某人做…”或“事情妨碍某人…”。
Children are prohibited from buying cigarettes.
The sale of this medicine is prohibited.
His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.
prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.“妨碍、防止某人做某事”。其中prevent和stop词组里的from可省略。被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不能省略。如：
Her sudden arrival prevented me (from) going out.
The government has taken some measures to prevent the disease from spreading.