2009年中考英语语法复习
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课件104张PPT。中考英语语法复习 名词 名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词：nurse, house, horse, apple, pen集体名词：people, family, class, trousers物质名词： water, paper, air, milk抽象名词： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather名词的可数与不可数 1、物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。 不可数名词前不能加冠词a 或an来表示量， 也没有复数形式。要表示“一个（只，块，张。。。）”的概念，须加 a piece of … , a bowl of …, a drop of …等。表示“一些，许多” 可用：some, any, a little, little, a lot of ,lots of , much, 等
2、集体名词象people, police,trousers, scissors只有复数形式。Family, class等指个体成员时为——，指整体时为———
3、有的名词在表示某一词义时是可数名词，而表示另一词义时又是不可数名词。
Glass, chicken, paper, exercise, orange名词的数１、单数：___egg, ___green desk, ____orange, _____yellow orange, ___interesting film, ___ eight-year-old boy
２、复数：词尾加 s 或 es复数的构成规则：bus, box; tomato, potato; radio, photo,piano; match, watch; wish, brush; baby,factory,party; monkey , day; life,thief, knife;不规则：man, woman, child, foot, tooth, mouse, Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, deer 复合名词：Boy friend_____, apple tree______
Man doctor______, woman engineer_______练习１、which of the following words are countable, which are uncountable? Give both the single forms and plural formsWork, music, milk, homework,chalk, child, stamp, watch, match, housework, life, knife, man, policeman, news, paper, tomato, tooth, sheep, coffee, factory, tea, photo, boy, piano,mouse, photo, month, vegetable, newspaper, people, message, information, wolf, wife2. Put the following into English两张纸，一个姑娘的名字， 汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友， 二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有６３名女医生和１００男医生，这是Sue 和Susan共有的房间3. choice1). During the _____trip, the children learnt a lot
A. ten-days B. ten days’ C. ten day D. ten day’s2. I don’t know whose motorbike it is. It might be my ______.
A. neighbor’s B. neighbours’ C. neighbour D. neighbours
3.______it is ! A. What a fine weather B. What fine weather C. How fine weather D. How fine a weather
4. ______ are watching TV now. A. Mr. Green B. The Green C. The Greens D. Mrs. Green
5. Do you have ____ time to take some exercise? A. some B. many C. any D. a few
6. Sam is ____. But he is studying in China. A. England B. Englishman C. an English D. English
7. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some_____? A. rices B. cakes C. orange D. a piece of bread
8. He doesn't know ____ English because he has studied it for only ____ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little9. I asked her for ____water, but she didn’t have ___. A. any, some
B. any, any C. some, some D. some, any
10. I can’t play because I have ____work to do and ___ books to read.
many, many B. many, much C. much, many D. much, much
11. He was so thirsty that he drank ______. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water
12. The shop doesn’t sell _____. A. a watch B. watches C. watch D. watchs
13. My father bought two______yesterday. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
14. There are twelve _____in a year. A. month B. monthes C. months D. the month
15. There are a lot of ____down there but hardly any _____. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples16. There _____sheep in the field. A. are much B. is small C. is a few D. is a little
17. We walk with our ____. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. a foot
18. It is not my dictionary. It’s _____. A. Ann B. Ann’s sister C. Ann sister’s D. Ann’s sister’s
19. Mr. Li is a friend of ____.A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
20. ___desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Ann’s and Tom B. Ann and Tom’s C. Ann and Tom D. Ann’s and Tom’s
21. There are four chairs in my room, one in each____
A. side B. floor C. wall D. corner
22. Would you like fruit? ---Yes, ___is my favourite. A. tomato B. beef C. bread D.The pear代 词 I weMe usMy ourMine oursyoursyouyouryouShe he it theyHer him it themHer his its theirHers his its theirsGive an example of each prons人称代词使用时应注意1。 分清its和it’s : its 它的。 例如: The clock has its face.
it’s=it is 例如：It’s a toy clock.2. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。
例如： His brother is a soldier. Mine is a driver and hers is an engineer.
I left my clothes on the chair. Where _____his?
a friend of his/mine/yours= one of his…friends
3. A friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends; the watch of hers4. 冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如：a my cat(wrong)5. This/that +single noun; these/those + plural noun.
6. In the dialogue, it can be used to refer to (this/that), they refer to (these /those)
7. That 可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词
例如：The weather today is finer than that yesterday.
The radios made in Beijing are as good as those made in Shanghai.8.反身代词：A、能写出 B、注意搭配 例如：Say to oneself enjoy oneself
By oneself
For oneself
Help oneself
Teach oneselfLily saw her in the mirror.
Lily saw herself in the mirror.It 的用法1、用以指前文提到的物，有时也可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人
例如：Where is your book? It is over there.The baby is crying. It may be hungryWho is knocking at the door? It must be Li Lei.2. It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等It is rainy today. It will turn out fine tomorrowWhat is the time? It is nine.It is ten minutes’ walk from here3、作形式主语或形式宾语，没有意义It takes me ten minutes to walk from there.
I found it very hard to learn grammar.It /that /one 用以指前文提到过的单数名词
them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词思考1.The bag is in the middle of the road. Let’s move ____away.
2. If you need an eraser, I can lend you _____.
3. If you need the eraser, I can lend _____to you.
4. I have a new coat and some old _____.
5. The story of my father is more interesting than ____of mine.
6. The weather here is warmer than ____in Beijing.
7. The temperature in the daytime is half of _____at night.
7.The exercises in this paper are much easier than ____ in the mid-term paper.
8. My radio is broken. I will buy a new ____. 结论1、that, those 后常跟介词短语（that/those +介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用that 替代
2、one/ones 前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。
3、it 指前文提到的那个名词? some/any/noMy brother doesn’t need _____help.
If you have got ____questions, please put up your hands.
Would you like to have_____bananas? Yes, I’d like to.
There isn’t ___water here.could you get ____for me?
I asked her for ____paper, but she didn’t have _____
You can come at _____time.
? some, any与 thing, body, one 构成的合成词的用法与some,any 一样? a little /little; a few/few
Though it was late last night. I could still see ___persons in the street.
People are all getting together at a big dinner with their families at the new year’s eve, so you could see ____persons walking in the street.
Can you speak German? Yes, but only _____.
The lake is far away. ____people like to go fishing there.
There is ___rain this summer. The trees are going to die.
Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ___about the news.
Don’t hurry. We still have ____time left.
The old man has ___friends. So he feels very lonely.
He wanted to borrow some money from me, but I had _____.? other/ another
必背: Each other, (两者) 互相
one another,（三者或以上）相互
one after another, 一个接一个
from one to another, 从一个到另一个
the other day 不久前的某一天（用于过去时）Another 另一个，泛指众多中的一个，another+单数名词“再，又”：Another+数词+名词复数；相当于：数词+more+名词复数1、some/any/many+other+
2. The other: 两个中另一个
3.The others：(= the other+plural noun)
4.others: some….others…1.Jimmy is taller than ____ ____ boy in his class.
2. This cap is too small. Could you show me ____?
3. Jimmy and Carter are back in the classroom now. where are _____?
4. On Sundays some students are watching TV, ____are going to the clubs.
5.there are only two books left.but I don’t like this one. Will you show me ______?不定代词Both, all
Neither, none,no one
Each, every, either,any一、Both （两者）都
all （ 三者或以上）都1、 All the (my) students are very bright.
All of the (my) students are very bright.(all of them)
The (my)students are all very bright.
All are here. (all = all people)
All has gone well.(all = everything)2、Both of my parents work in the children’s hospital. (both of them)
Both my parents work in the children’s hospital.
My parents both work in the children’s hospital.3. Phrases: all day, all year, not at all, both…and…重点
提示1、both 表两者都，all 表三者都
2、Both+可数名词复数；all+可数名词复数或不可数名词
3、both, all +of + 人称代词宾格；of 不能省
4、all both 作副词时，位置在主动词后，行为动词前Exercises: all or both
I have two computers and ____ cost me more than ten thousand yuan.(but instead of but)
There are trees and flowers on ____ banks of the river.(side?)
There are two windows in the room.They ___face south.
_____of the twins are good at English.(if is instead of are)
You’d better use ___your eyes and your mind when you are reciting the text.
____roads lead to the camp. So you can take any one of them.(what about either instead of any one)
____the food in the shop has gone bad.
He likes ____the subjects in the school.
二、neither (两者) 都不 none (三者或以上)都不，no one没人
注意这些词作主语时谓语动词单数和复数Neither
noneThe (one’s)+可数名词复数 谓语动词用单数或复数
或不可数名词单数谓语动词用单数1. Mr. Blare has two daughters. _____is a doctor.
2. Lily and Lucy both like singing, but ____ of them is good at dancing.
3. ---Can you speak Chinese or Japanese?
---I can speak ___, but I can speak English.
4. The old man has six children, but ____ of them would take care of him.
5. His father bought him many English story books but he read ______.
6. Who is in the room? ______.
7. How much money is there in the box? ____. It is empty.3、each, every, either, anyEach: （两者或以上）每一；可作代词、形容词、副词1、Each of us has a English-Chinese dictionary.(代词)
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.(副词)
Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.(形容词)2、every: （三者或以上）每一的，仅作定语Every student has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.4. Either: (两者之间) 任何一个 作代词、形容词、副词There are many trees and flowers on ____side of the river. (形容词) ---When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow morning?
---I don’t mind. ____is OK.(代词)
He can’t swim very well, I can’t ____. （副词）
Either….or…/ neither …nor….Neither can I .5.any: （三者或以上）任何一个，作代词，形容词 复习Both, all
Neither, none, no one
Each, every, either,any复习1.—When shall we meet again next week?
---___day is OK. It’s no problem with me.
2.____of the students in our class want to go to plant trees.
3. ---How are your grandparents?
---They’re ____fine. Thank you.
4. There are many trees on ___side of the street.
5.Both the two boys are new to me. I don’t know ____of them.
6. ---Do you want an apple or a pear? ----_____, I really don’t mind.
7. –Which of these two sweaters will you take?
---I’ll take ____. They look nearly the same, and I just need one.
8.—Which do you like better, a cup of milk or a bottle of orange?
-----____, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea.9. There are a lot of English books here, and ___of them is easy to understand.
10. ___of the shoes in the shop were the right size. They were either too big or too small for me.
改错1.Let each them finish his work.
2. They each has got a flower.
3.You can use any of the two bikes.
4.My parents are all working in the field now.
5. Those football fans draw pictures on every side of his face.
6. No one of his pens are broken.
7. Neither Lily and my sister is the first to get there.
---Are the two answers correct? ---No, ____correct.
A. no one is B. both are not C. neither is D. either is not
2. I invited Tom and Lily to dinner, but ___of them came.
A. neither B. both C. either D. none
3. Have you seen Harry and Tom? ---I haven’t seen ___of them.
A. neither B. any C. either D. all
4. ---Which of the two books will you buy?
---I will buy ____. So I can give one of them to my friend Jimmy.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
5. As we were asleep, ___of us heard the sound. A. both B. none C. either D. any
6. _____of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret.
A. Both B. none C. either D. any7. We couldn’t eat in KFC because __of us had __money on us.
A. all, no B. any, no C. none, any D. no one , any
8. Would you like some eggs? –Yes, just____.A. little B. very much
C. two D. few
9. He is rich, but he spends ___on food and clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. much
10. Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _____. A. their B. theirs C. her D. hers
11. –Is your computer like Frank’s and Sue’s?
--No, but it’s almost the same as_____. A. her B. yours C. them D. their
12. The girl told ___father that he would not lie to ____any more .
A. his, him B. her, her C. her, him D. his , her
13. ---Is ____here? ----No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
14. They were all very tired, but ___would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither
15. I hope there are enough stools for each visitor to have ___.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
16. ---Would you like to have some tea or coffee?
---____. Thank you. I’ve just had enough tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Some D. Both
17. I have ___to say about the topic. You can ask somebody else. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
18. ____is here. let’s start our lesson. A. Everything B. Somebody . C. Nobody D. Everyone1._______ of the two boys works hard. They can’t be good at their studies.
2. They planted trees on _____sides of the street.
3. You can enjoy the different kinds of flowers on ______side of the river bank.
4.______you or I am wrong. Let’s go and ask Mr Wu.
5. He can speak ______English nor French. He can speak Japanese.
6. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to have a rest.
7. Li Lei and I couldn`t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had any money on us. 8. She can't sing，______ (can) he. 9. If you don't go fishing next Sunday，______ will I.
10. _____of the twins study in our school. And they are in the same class, too.
11. You may go and borrow books from the library _____on Monday or on Friday.
12. ____the teachers in our grade love their students and work hard.
13. He reads English _____morning from Monday to Friday.
14. ---On which day of the week can you take me to the zee, Dad? ---______day is possible for me. I’ll have a seven-day holiday.
15. There is ____oil in the bottle. It is empty.
形容词形容词的位置？1、名词前。例：一本有用的书、我们美丽的学校、
十部最佳影片、愤怒的人们2、名词后。一个装满水的 瓶子、很远的小镇、
一棵两百米高的树、3、不定代词后。有些奇怪的东西、没什么严重的名词化的形容词The + (adj): 表一类人或物。作主语时，谓语动词为复数The rich, the poor, the old, the young, 等表语性形容词只作表语、不能作定语置于名词前但可作后置定语。没有比较级的变化。不用ｖｅｒｙ 修饰。这样的形容词多以ａ开头：alone,afraid,asleep,awake,able,ill,well等The baby is asleep. A sleeping baby. Don’t wake up the baby asleep The old man is alone. A single man. A lonely man.这些表语性形容词可作状语
The man lives alone in a small house形容词比较级? 规则变化: 单音节词和双音节词，在词尾加-er构成比较级, -est构成最高级
A. tall, high
B. nice, fine,
C. big, thin, fat, hot,
D. easy, busy,
E. clever, narrow,few? 不规则变化Good— ______ ______ bad-- ______ _______
Well--- ______ _______ badly-- ______ _______
ill------ ______ _______
Many—______ ______
Much—______ ______ old
Little—______ ______
Far—______ ______
形容词比较等级的用法１、比较级＋than…
2、the +比较级+ of +the +two… 两个当中比较…的一位
3、the +最高级+ of (in) +三者或以上。。。
4、as+形容词原级+as…
5、not so (as)+原级+as…
6、the 比较级，the 比较级：越。。。就越。。。
7、比较级+ and + 比较级：越来越。。。
8、one of the 最高级+名词复数比较级与最高级之间的转换1、比较级+than +any other+名词单数
2、比较级+than+the +other(any of the other)+ 名词复数
3、No one + 谓语+比较级+than
4、比较级+than +anyone else…汤姆比他的班上同学都高
汤姆比其他班上同学都高
Can we do our work with ____money and_____people?
A.less…few B. less…fewer C. little…less D. few…less
2. Roy is cleverer than ____students in his class.
A. every one of the B. all the C. any of the other D. many more
3. It is much colder here than ____. A. Australia B. Australia’s
C. in Australia D. of Australia
4. China is larger than _____in Africa. A. any other country
B. any country C. all the other countries D. any the country
5. He made the ___mistakes in the exam in his class. A. fewer
B. less C. fewest D. least.
6. A lot of visitors come to Hangzhou because she’s _____city.
A. very a beautiful B. quite a beautiful C. so a beautiful D. a quite beautiful7. Jeff ___music and knows a lot about it. A. is interested on
B. is interested in C. is interesting about D. is interesting with
8. The smile on his face shows that he is ___with his result.
A. pleased B. sorry C. angry D. strict
9. I think the shop ____from 8:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. A. is opening
B. opens C. is open D. opened
10. There’s ____with my bike, but I hurt my leg. A. wrong something
B. nothing wrong C. anything wrong D. wrong everthing
11. The boy always plays ___. He looks very ____. A. alone, alone
B. alone, lonely C. lonely, lonely D. lonely, alone
12. Would you like two more pieces of sausage ?
No, thanks. I’m ___. A. hungry B. full C. enough D. thirtyYesterday on my way home, it rained ___and I could ___see the road. A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hard C. hardly, hard D. hard, hardly
Don’t worry. Everything will go on ___with you. A. good B. nice C. fine D. well
We can’t put this bag in the car. It’s ___crowded. A. very B. so C. too D. rather
The shirt is very beautiful, but it is ___expensive. A. too much B. much too C. many D. more
The patient ate ____rice ___he did yesterday. A. fewer than B. as little as C. as less as D. many more than
The words on the screen are too small. I can’t see them ___. A. clearly B. clear C. carefully D. good
She walked so ____that she missed the last bus. A. fast B.quickly C. slower D. slowly
Which would you like ___, tea, orange or water? A. good B. better C. well D. best
--How are you now? I am feeling __now after I have taken the medicine. A. well B. best C. better D. goodHe wasn’t ___with the knife. He cut himself. A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully
He ran and ran but he couldn’t run __to catch the bus. A. enough fast B. fast enough C. quick enough D. enough quickly
Which is ____building in Hang Zhou?
A. high B.tall C. the highest D.the taller
4. Shanghai is the largest ___all the cities in China.
A. in B. on C. of D. at
5. She is ___than any other girl in her class.
A. thiner B. thinner C. thin D. the thinnest
6. Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose ___one.A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive
7. Which problem is ___difficult, this one or the other two?
A. more B. the more C. most D. the most
8. I think that is ___song at the most. A. more popular B. the most popular C. popular D. most popular
1.—Why were you shouting? –Alice asked me to speak more ___. The line was bad. A. noisily B. quietly C. politely D. loudly
2. Bruce didn’t come to the classroom as ___as Dick yesterday. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
3. I think football is ____basketball in America. A. more popular B. so popular as C. as popular D. less popular
4. You must write as ___ as you can. A. more careful B. carefully C. careful D. care
5. Would you please say it ___? I still can’t follow you. A. more slow B. much slow C. more slowly D. much slowly
6. This bottle is ___. There is no water in it.
A. empty B. full C. big D.small
7. The car is running ___. It seems to be flying. A. more and faster B. more and more faster C. fast and fast D. faster and faster
In the exam, the more careful we are, the ___mistakes we’ll make. A. little B. better C. fewer D. smaller
I have ___friends here but I’m too busy and have ___time to play with them. A. a few, a little B. a few, little C. few, a little D. a little, few
---Is your granny ___today than yesterday?
---No, she is maybe a little ___, I’m afraid. A. better, bad B. better, worse C. worse, better D. well, badly
4. We have a lot of paper but ____ink. A. a few B. few C. a little D. not much
5. You’d better keep your mouth___ and your eyes ___. A. close, open
B. closing, opening C. closed, open D. closed, opened
6. I felt so ____that I soon fell ___. A. asleep, asleep B. sleepy, sleepy C. sleepy, asleep D. asleep, sleepyLongjin tea and Wuyi tea are both famous, but which do you think tastes ____?A. well B. good C. better D. best
The story sounds ____. A. to be true B. as true C. true D. being true
The noodles taste ___ You’d better not eat them. A. good B. well C.bad D. nicely
--Doctor , I think I am ____to leave the hospital.
---Not really. You’d better stay here for another two days.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
5.Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than ____boys in his class. A. any other B. the other C. any D. all
6.---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
----if you don’t move, you can sit at ___end. A. neither B. each C. either D. anyNancy is as tall as Salvia if ____. A. short B. not taller C. not as tall D. shorter
The horse is getting old and can’t run ____it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so faster as D. as fast as
John plays football ____if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
It takes a long time to go there by train. It is ___by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
The piano in the other shop will be ____, but ____.
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
6. If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one. ---OK, but do you have a ____one in blue, this is too small.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. nice常见副词的用法区别1、either, also, too, neither 11. enough
2、before , ago
3、hard, hardly
4、too, very, much
5、no more, no longer
6、how often, how soon
7. As+副词+as…/not so(as)…as
8. Already/yet/ever
9. Sometime, some time, sometimesEither/also/too: 也1、Mary likes collecting stamps. I like collecting stamps, too
2、She also went climbing last week.
3、Johnson didn’t come in the morning and she didn’t come in the afternoon, either.Too用于肯定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。
also 放在助动词后，行为动词前。
Either用于否定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。Before/agoI have heard about the UFO before.
I had heard about the UFO ten years before.
I heard about the UFO ten years ago.一段时间+ ago：用于过去时
一段时间+before: 用于过去完成时
Before: 用 于现在完成时或过去时 Hard/hardlyShe was very tired after a day’s hard work.
Diamond is a kind of hard stone.
It was raining hard outside.
She worked hard than any other girl in her class.
He can hardly read or write his name.
There is hardly any food left in the fridge.Very,too,much1.The box is very heavy.
2. The box is too heavy.
3. I like my school very much.
4. This box is much heavier than that one.
Very 只用于修饰形容词或副词
very much用于修饰动词
Too 修饰形容词时,带否定意思No more/ no longerThe man no longer lives here. He has gone abroad.
He has no longer(no more ) played for the National Team.
She said no more about it after she heard that.
I have no more time for holidaysNo longer 时间上“不再” 只作状语
No more 数量上“不再” 可作状语、宾语、定语How long , how soon, how oftenHow long: 多久，对一段时间提问
How soon: 对 “in + 一段时间” 提问
How often: 对频率副词提问：twice a week, every other day等How long will the film last? ----About two hours.
How soon will they finish the composition? ----In an hour.
How often do they go shopping? ----once a month.____is it from your home to the school? ---ten minutes’ walk.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far
2.The car may be ____but _____. A. more quickly, not as safer B. quicker, not so safer C. more quickly, not so safe D. quicker, not as safe.
3. I can ___understand in class when she speaks English too fast.
A. hard B. almost C. hardly D. ever
4. Lily doesn’t like nylon dresses. Erin doesn’t , _____. A. too B. also
C. either D. neither
5. Mom won’t cook supper. ____will Dad. A. So B. Either C. Also D. Neither
6. He asked me to speak ____to the new classmates. A. fast B. more quickly C. more politely D. friendly7. The boy has few friends so he often plays ____. A. lonely B. alone C. all of himself D. happy
8. Mr. Wu ___. A. doesn’t any more work here
B. doesn’t any longer here work
C. doesn’t work any more here
D. doesn’t work here any longer动词1、连系动词2、助动词3、情态动词4、实意动词动词大家庭系动词
实义动词
助动词
情态动词
Be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get,turn keep, seem及物动词:
不及物动词:do, does, did,is am, are, was, were, have, has, had, 情态动词常用动词及动词短语1、look, see, watch, readLook: vi. 看（动作）look at/like/after/up/down/over/out of /into.
See: vt. 看见 （结果）see a film
Watch: vt. 观看 (动作) watch TV, watch a match
Read: vt.看（书，报等文字的东西）1). _____out! A car is flying toward you.
2). The boy likes to sit by and ______ the others play ball games.
3). Can you ____ a bird in the tree? ____, it’s behind the leaves.
4). He often ____magazines in the library after lunch.
5). He _____into the hole but he couldn’t _____anything.2. Spend, take, costSb. Spend(s) time or money (in) doing sth./ on sth.It takes sb. Time to do sth./ to do sth. Takes sb. timeSth. Cost(s) sb. Time or money
It costs sb. Time or money to do sth.1). She ____ two dollars on the book. The book ____her only two dollars. And it ____her five minutes to read it through.
2). It’ll ___us half an hour _____there. So it’s half an hour’s walk.
3). It ____me nothing to make the trip. It was free.
4). I spent two hours ____sorting out the documents.
5). Planting the trees ____them two days.3. Take, bring, fetch, carryTake:
Bring:
Fetch:Take the box thereBring that box hereGo and fetch the box for me1). Please ____ the ball to the teacher’s office, will you?
2). Who can ___some chalk for the teacher?
3). You must ____your composition back when you come here next time.
4). No one can ____the newspaper out of the library.
5). Our shop doesn’t let people ____food in.
6). You’d better ___your umbrella when you leave.
7). He forgot ____his textbook again. The teacher was very angry.
4. Put on, wear, dress, take off,try onPut on: 穿上（动作）反意词：take off；wear 穿着（状态）
Dress oneself: 给（某人）穿衣; try on: 试穿1). It is going to rain. You’d better______your raincoat.
2). The girl likes _____herself like a boy.
3). Today Mr. Li _____ a red T-shirt and a pair of white trousers.
4). You can _____the hat before you decide to buy it.
5). He _____his shoes and crossed the river.
6). The baby is too young to ______ himself.
7). It is cold outside. _____your coat when you go out.Borrow, lend, keepBorrow: 借进 borrow sth. From sb. (短暂性动词)
Lend: 借出 lend sth to sb (短暂性动词)
Keep: 延续性动词 How long can I keep the book?1). He _____some books from the library before the end of the term.
2).May I _____your bike, please? ---sorry I ____it to Lily.
3). How long can I ____ the book ?
4). You can ____it for two days.Look for, find, find outTurn on/ turn off/turn up/turn downLook for: 寻找（强调动作）
I can’t find my bike. Have you see it?
Don’t look for it any more. The policeman
has taken it away.
Find: 找到 （强调结果）
I have looked for my key everywhere but I still can’t find it.
Find out: 找出查明 （通过调查研究找到事实的真相） :
The teacher found out who broke the window.Turn on:开（灯，自来水等）
Turn off: 关
Turn up: 开大 turn down: 关小 Say, speak, talk, tellSay: vt 说 “什么” say sth.to sb. / Say it again.
Speak: vi 讲话，讲（语言） speak English; learn to speak
Talk: vi/noun 谈话，谈论（about, with, to）
Tell: 告诉（双宾语）tell sb sth/ tell sth to sb/ tell sb to do/tell sb.not to do…/tell a story/tell the time1.He _____he was in Class One. / He ____me he was in Class One.
2. He will give a three minutes’ ____ at the beginning of the class.
3. The old man can _____seven languages.
4. We _____about the language of the Inuit tribe in tomorrow’s class.
5. Can you ____it again? I didn’t hear you clearly.
6. Would you please ask him _____ louder next time?Get to, arrive, reach 到达Get to…: I will write to you as soon as I get to New York.
Arrive vi: arrive at /in A group of British visitors arrived at
our school yesterday morning.
Reach: vt When he reaches the school, he will telephone us.
There /here/home: 放在get, arrive后不用to, at, in
I got home very late last night.
They arrived there three minutes later so they didn’t see
the sunrise.Listen / hear Listen 听 不及物，常与介词to连用如:
I listened carefully, but heard nothing.
Hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语
Hear 听说 后跟宾语从句
hear from sb 收到某人的来信如:
Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.
hear of 听说如: Have you heard of the news?Forget/leaveforget-leave
forget忘了某物如:
I forgot to tell you about it.
leave把某物忘在某地如:
Kate left her key to her room at home. put on-wear-dress
put on 穿上 （强调动作）如:It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.
wear穿着（强调状态）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.
dress打扮，给...穿衣服 ①dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服 ②get dressed 穿好衣服 ③dress up 打扮 穿上盛装” 如:She often dresses up in a red skirt. 连系动词有：be, become, get, turn, seem,
feel, sound, look, taste, smell, keep 等Link verbs + adj: The mooncake tastes delicious.
Link verbs + like: look like, feel like, taste like
Link verbs 在疑问句和否定句中：
The mooncake doesn’t taste delicious.
Does the mooncake taste delicious?
4. Look at…为行为动词 注意下列两句句子的区别：
The little dog looked hopefully at me
The little dog looked very sad.Pass pastPass: vt 经过 过去时为： passed
Past: adj/prep
He was the first one to pass the finishing line.
He passed the final exam.
He was first past the finishing line.
The word passed is the past form of “pass”.When I ___by the shop, I saw some retired ladies dancing waltz.
Please buy me a handkerchief when you go ___the supermarket.
The old men like to think about something ____while the young men like to look ahead.
The exam is so hard that few students _____it.Across: 介词 横穿，穿过
Cross： 动词 穿过 cross the street=go across the street
Crossing: 十字路口
Through：（从物体中间穿过，如穿过森林，高楼林立的城市，窗户等 ）Asleep, sleepy, sleeping, awakeasleep是表语形容词，在句中放在be 动词之后；它不能放在名词之前，例如我们不可以说：Look at the asleep baby. (asleep应改为sleeping) 例： She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。 The old man has fallen asleep．那个老人睡着了。 请注意: be asleep是指“睡着”的状态，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。 Sleeping: 是定语形容词，它放在它所修饰的名词之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb “to be”之后（He is sleeping)，sleeping 不是形容词，而是动词，is sleeping 是现在进行时。例： Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？ Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那个在睡觉的婴孩。 Let sleeping dogs lie．莫惹事生非。 sleeping一词有构词能力，它能和另一些词构成复合名词。如：sleeping-bag（睡袋）；sleeping－car（卧车）；sleeping-pill（安眠药） Sleeping有一近义词，即sleepy。
sleepy既可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，means“困倦”、“想睡觉”，用作定语时，means：“贪睡”、“寂静的”。例： The children feel sleepy；put them to bed．孩子们困了，把他们放到床上睡吧。 31、jobwork
job是可数名词，work是不可数名词，一般表示抽象意义的工作，可用a piece of work修饰。
He is doing an interesting job.
He is doing interesting work.
Hard work: 名词
Hard work and his intelligence make him a popular person in his workplace.
She finally becomes the best student through hard work
Work hard 动词，不及物。如跟宾语，可用介词 at
The final exam is on its way. He is working hard to pass it.
He works so hard at English.
Hard working: 形容词 We Chinese are hard working people.
–Tickets, please. May I ___at your ticket, madam?
--Yes, here it is. A. show B. watch C. see D. look
2. We all went to ____the match last night. A. look B.watch C. see
3. We ___carefully but we could ___nothing. A. listened, hear B. listened to, hear C. heard, listen D. heard, listen to
4. We listened but could not ____clearly. A. hear B. listen C. hear about
5. What are the girls doing?—they ___the music. A. heard B. are hearing
C.are listening to D.were listening
6. My husband likes reading very much. He often ____much money on books. A. costs B.pays C.spends D.takes
7. I enjoy reading, but I can’t ____much time ___it. A. spend…on B. pay…in C. take…in D. costs…on
8. It ____me about half an hour to do the exercises. A. used B. took C. paid D. spent
9. I like collecting stamps but it ____a lot of time and money.
A. spends B.took C. costs D. uses
10. How long will it ___us to get there by bike? A. spend B.use C. take
11. How much did you ____, Kate? ------ Twenty dollars. A. cost B. take C. spend D. use
12. The dictionary ____me 178 yuan. A. spent B. took C. cost D. pays
13. He likes the book but it ___too much. A. costs B. takes C. spends
14. The box is not heavy. Wu Peng can ___it by herself. A. take B. learn C. carry D. bring
15. ---Will you show me your family album ?---OK, I’ll ___it here tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. catch D. carry
16. He always gets up early and ____his clothes quickly in the morning. A. dressed B. puts on C. wears D. has on
17. The book ___him ten yuan. A. cost B. took C. spends18.With the help of computers, news can ___every corner of the world quickly. A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return
19. The heavy snow ____arriving in time. A.let the train not B. made the train not to C. stopped the train of D. stopped the train from
20. Allan is busy ___his motorbike. A. mend B. mending C. to repair D. repaired
21. I think teachers are the most hard-working people. Do you ___me?A.go on with B. catch up with C. agree with D. laugh at
22. You’d better tidy your room. ___your things. A. Put away B. Put on C. Take off D. Wear
23. When he heard the bell, he ___ the door. A. hurried off to open B. hurried off opening C. hurried up to open D. hurried up opening
24. David’s always the winner of the race, but this time he ____others. A.fell behind B. fell down C. fell over D. fell off
25. The doctor ____the boy carefully as soon as he was taken to hospital.26.The radio is too noisy. Would you please turn it ___a little? A. down B.up C. off D. on
27. Hello, Joe! What does that radio say? please ____it ___so that everybody can hear it? A. turn..on B. turn …down C. turn…up D. turn…off
28. How long have you ____the book? ---Two days. A. lent B. borrowed C. bought D. kept
29. –Can I ___your bike? ----With pleasure. But you mustn’t ___it to others. A. lend, borrow B. borrow, lend C. carry, lend D. lend, returned
30.---Will Mr. Smith be here soon? ---I can’t tell. Let’s go and ____when the train arrives. A. look B.look for C. find D. find out
31. Where is my pencil? I can’t ___it anywhere. A. find B.carry C. look for D. put
32. Why, here’s my pen! I ___it just now, but I didn’t ___it. A. looked for, found B. found, look for C. looked for, find D. found, looked for33.Will you please__us a story, Miss Gao? --OK. Shall I _it in English or in Chinese? A. tell, speak B. talk, speak C. tell, say D. talk, say
34. What did the boss ____you to ___at the meeting? A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk
35. What nice clothes! Can I _____! A. try them on B. try on them C. try it on D. try on it.
36. It is quite warm here? Why not ___ your coat? A. take off B. turning off C. put on D. to put away
37. Mum told me ____ the coffee until it boiled(开) and ___the gas.
A.see, turned off B. to watch, turn off C. looked at, to turn on D. watching, turn down
38. Don’t ____Chinese in an English class. A. say B. speak C. tell D.talk
39. What are you ____, Mary? ---the broom, I can’t ____it. Do you know where it is ? A. finding, find B. finding for, find C.looking for, find
D.looked for, look at40. Don’t forget ____your sun glasses before you go out. A. wear B. to put on C. taking off D. try on
41. A friend of __is coming to see my family. A. my B. his C. him D.our
42. May I ___ Tom my radio, Mum? ---Certainly. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D.use 43. What a long run! It made us ___. A. to feel tired B. to be thirsty C. tired D. feel tiring
44. Do you feel ___when you are left ___at home at night? A. lonely, alone B.alone, lonely C.alone, lonely D. along, alone
45.How much did you ____on all these things in the shopping list? A.take B. cost C. spend D. pay 46. Mum said that cooking ___much time every day. A. spent B. costs C. took D. uses 47.___your shoes at once. We must hurry. A. Put on B. Dressing up C. to wear D. Takes off 48. –What did you think of her talk? ---she ___for one hour but didn’t ___much. A. spoke, speak B. spoke, say C. said, speak D. said, say
49. I can hardly hear the cassette. Could you please _____? A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off动词时态1、一般现在时2、现在进行时3、现在将来时4、现在完成时5、一般过去时6、过去进行时7、过去将来时8、过去完成时一般现在时
1、主语（复数名词、代词、I、you ）+ 动词原形。。。。2、主语（单数名词、代词）+ 动词（加 s、es）。。。。3、否定句、疑问句中的一般现在时练习：1、你们是中学生 2、姑娘们喜欢看足球，男孩子喜欢踢足球 3、星期天，吉姆通常在家做作业 4、他经常帮妈妈做家务 5、你怕狗吗？6、在夏天，你的家乡经常下雨吗？7、这位女士饭后不常去散步8、你爷爷常锻炼吗？--不常一般现在时与时间状语1、一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作。常用的时间状 语有：always, usually, often, never, sometimes, every(….), once a week, on Saturday2. 在时间，条件状语从句中3、一般现在时表客观事实或普遍真理If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.
She wouldn’t stop crying until her mother came home.The teacher said that the moon is smaller than the earth.一般过去时1、主语+did。。。/ 主语+ was、were。。。。2、助动词有：did/was/were；既行为动词没有主谓一致变化；
be动词单数是was 复数是were3、熟记动词的过去时态形式练习：1、去年，他给他的父母亲写过信
2、上学期她学习不努力
3、这位老人年轻时当过兵
4、我们两小时前就到达了过去时及其用法1、一般过去时表过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态2、常见时间状语有：yesterday(…), last (…), (….) ago,
just now , in( …), one day, at the age of … when…The boy began to learn English when he was five.
Jack often got up very late during the summer holiday.
Did you visit the Great Wall while you were traveling in BJ?
I didn’t see him in the office this morning现在进行时1、主语+（is, am, are）+现在分词（v-ing）-----be doing…2、现阶段 “正在，在” 进行的动作，常用时间状语有：
now, right now, at the moment, these days, look! Listen! look out! Don’t you hear? Don’t make so much noise ,It’s 7:00 o’clock, 地点状语，上下文等例如：1.Have you moved into your new house?---Not yet. It ____ (paint)2.Where is Mr Li? Don’t you hear ?she _______upstairs.3.Look there! Ma Ning ______(play) basketball alone.过去进行时1、was/were + doing…2、过去某个“时间点” “正在，在” 进行的动作3、时间状语有：at seven yesterday morning, from 9 to 10 last night, at this time last Monday, when someone knocked at the door等例如： I was watching TV when my teacher came to my home.
He was drinking with us when the killing happened. It was 8:00 now, and he was having his breakfast.现在将来时1、主语+will do…or will be…
主语+ (is am are) going…2、有些动词象：go, come, arrive, leave,start, die 等表示移动的动词，它们的进行时态形式表示将来The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.3 一般将来时表示“将，将要”来要发生的动作或状态， 常用时间状语有：tomorrow(…), this afternoon (…), next week(…), in+一段时间
注意：1、Shall I /we…? 而 Will you…?
2、在以引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，状语从句动作虽发生在将来，但只用现在时表示。例如： I will help you when I am free.
3、祈使句，or /and 陈述句 （将来时态）１.Tom ____(学习) harder this year than last year.
2.They usually _____TV in the evening.
3. Miss Gao ____(学习) English on the radio every morning.
4. –Do you like this kind of paper?—Yes, it ____very nice. (摸上去)
５.Our teacher told us that the earth _____around the sun.
6. There ____a big tree near the house last year.
7. I will tell them the news as soon as they _____back.
8. They won’t go to the West Lake if it ______tomorrow.(下雨)
9.I ___him at the station when he returns.(接)
10.Please go out to take exercise when you ____free.
11. I can catch up with Harry before he _____the finishing line.(到达)
12.We won’t leave until the rain ____. (停)
13.—What did you do last night?---I did my homework and ___TV.
14.They ____home two hours ago. (离开)
15.____he _____the teacher the day before yesterday?(看见)
16.—Is the old man still living? ---I’m sorry he’s ___. He ____two weeks ago.
17.I _____to bed until my parents came back home.
18.I ___an old friend of mine when I ____in the street yesterday afternoon.(遇见，散步)
19. The child ____crying when he saw his mother.
20.When I ___（经过）by the shop, I saw the accident ______(发生)
21.Mr.Smith doesn’t have any money with him. He ____his wallet at home.(遗留)
22.When ____the accident _____? (发生)
23. Who washed the bowls on the table?---Jenny ____.
24.---Excuse me, look at the sign: No Smoking!
---Sorry, I _____it. (没看见)
25.Look! LiPing and Li Ying ____the piano now.
26.It’s 11 and the Smiths ____ lunch now.
27.Don’t speak to me while I ______a composition.
28.Listen! Someone _____in the next room.(吵架)
29.They ____for NewYork on Friday. Shall we go and see them off at the airport? (前往)
30.----Good morning, Madam, can I help you? ----No, thanks. I _____.(随便看看)
31.I am not sure if she ____to the zoo with us tomorrow.
32.He ____to your office tomorrow afternoon, please wait for him.34.I don’t know when he _____. When he ____, I will let you know.(来)
35. Do you know if he ___ to play basketball with us ? ---I think he will come if he ____nothing to do.
36.They say there ____a new film tomorrow evening.
37.--- What are you going to give our teachers for Teachers’ Day? ---I’m not sure. Maybe I ___him some flowers.
38.I don’t know if they ___the spring sports meeting next month. If they ____it,I must get ready for it.
39. ---Where is Jim? ---He ______vegetables in the garden.(浇水)
40. Everyone___(知道) the red light ___ “Stop”.(意思是)
41.The dog ___(sleep) now. it always ____at the door.
42.I ____(fly) a kite when it ____(begin) to rain.
43.Look out of the window and you will see the children ____with water in the swimming pool.(play)45.She is at home now. she _____(look)after her brother because their mother ____(be) away.
46.Jim ____to the ground when he ___the tree and ___his leg.(fall, climb, break)
47.The telephone ____(ring). Could you answer it, Mary?
48.Mr Black put the food in a paper bag and ___(take) to his work place.
49.---Would you please not draw on the wall? ---Oh, sorry, I _____it again.(not , do )
50. When I ____(leave) my office last night, it _____(rain) heavily.
51. There were no seats on the bus so I ___(keep) standing all the time.
52.Look at those girls. How happily they _____(play)!
53. Be quiet, please. I can’t hear what the teacher ______(say).
54.Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It ____(rain).55. Mr Black ____ some washing after he read two books.
56.---May I speak to Mrs White, please? ---Hold on, please. She ____with an old friend of hers. (talk)
57. What ___he ___(do) from seven to ten last night? He ___(make) a model plane. He _____(take part in) a model plane contest the next week.
58. When I ___(wait) for the bus, I ____(meet) an old friend of mine.
59. I ___(break) a piece of glass while I _____(clean) the window.
60.My brother ___(go) to study in America in 1995. He ____(come back)until 2003.
61.When you ___(knock) at the door, I ____(think) and didn’t hear you.
62.Work hard at your lessons and you ____(catch up with ) the others.
63. The children were shouting loudly and the driver _____the horn.(not hear )64. My brother ___(not do) well in the English exam. He ____(fall) behind. He ___(be) more careful from now on.
65. When I saw them, they ____(sweep)the floor in the classroom.
66. My mother has gone out. She ____(do) some shopping in town.
67. Do you think he will call us as soon as he ____(arrive) in town?
68. They won’t have a picnic if it ____(rain)
69.Mary ___(make) a dress when she cut her finger.
70. He ___(break) his leg when he ____(play) in a football match.
71.My sister ____(lose) her watch when she ____(play) volleyball.
72. ---When ____he ____back again?(come)----When he ____, I’ll let you know.
73.---Sorry I ___(forget) to send the letter for you.----Never mind, I ___(send) it myself tonight.74. John ___(go) out of the gate when no gatekeepers_____(look).
75. We were all surprised when he said that he ___the office soon.(leave)
76. Can I go to school, daddy? ---You can when you ___a bit older.(get)
77. Do you like the paper? ---Yes, it ____(feel) very soft.
78.---Your telephone number again? I ___(not,hear) it quite well. ---It is 89912812
79. While the teacher ____(read) the text, Ma ming ____(fall)asleep in class. When the teacher ____ (find) this , he ____(be) very angry.
80. Shirley ___(write) a book last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
81. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I’ve no idea, but he ____it the whole afternoon.
Thank you
2、集体名词象people, police,trousers, scissors只有复数形式。Family, class等指个体成员时为——，指整体时为———
3、有的名词在表示某一词义时是可数名词，而表示另一词义时又是不可数名词。
Glass, chicken, paper, exercise, orange名词的数１、单数：___egg, ___green desk, ____orange, _____yellow orange, ___interesting film, ___ eight-year-old boy
２、复数：词尾加 s 或 es复数的构成规则：bus, box; tomato, potato; radio, photo,piano; match, watch; wish, brush; baby,factory,party; monkey , day; life,thief, knife;不规则：man, woman, child, foot, tooth, mouse, Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, deer 复合名词：Boy friend_____, apple tree______
Man doctor______, woman engineer_______练习１、which of the following words are countable, which are uncountable? Give both the single forms and plural formsWork, music, milk, homework,chalk, child, stamp, watch, match, housework, life, knife, man, policeman, news, paper, tomato, tooth, sheep, coffee, factory, tea, photo, boy, piano,mouse, photo, month, vegetable, newspaper, people, message, information, wolf, wife2. Put the following into English两张纸，一个姑娘的名字， 汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友， 二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有６３名女医生和１００男医生，这是Sue 和Susan共有的房间3. choice1). During the _____trip, the children learnt a lot
A. ten-days B. ten days’ C. ten day D. ten day’s2. I don’t know whose motorbike it is. It might be my ______.
A. neighbor’s B. neighbours’ C. neighbour D. neighbours
3.______it is ! A. What a fine weather B. What fine weather C. How fine weather D. How fine a weather
4. ______ are watching TV now. A. Mr. Green B. The Green C. The Greens D. Mrs. Green
5. Do you have ____ time to take some exercise? A. some B. many C. any D. a few
6. Sam is ____. But he is studying in China. A. England B. Englishman C. an English D. English
7. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some_____? A. rices B. cakes C. orange D. a piece of bread
8. He doesn't know ____ English because he has studied it for only ____ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little9. I asked her for ____water, but she didn’t have ___. A. any, some
B. any, any C. some, some D. some, any
10. I can’t play because I have ____work to do and ___ books to read.
many, many B. many, much C. much, many D. much, much
11. He was so thirsty that he drank ______. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water
12. The shop doesn’t sell _____. A. a watch B. watches C. watch D. watchs
13. My father bought two______yesterday. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
14. There are twelve _____in a year. A. month B. monthes C. months D. the month
15. There are a lot of ____down there but hardly any _____. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples16. There _____sheep in the field. A. are much B. is small C. is a few D. is a little
17. We walk with our ____. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. a foot
18. It is not my dictionary. It’s _____. A. Ann B. Ann’s sister C. Ann sister’s D. Ann’s sister’s
19. Mr. Li is a friend of ____.A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
20. ___desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Ann’s and Tom B. Ann and Tom’s C. Ann and Tom D. Ann’s and Tom’s
21. There are four chairs in my room, one in each____
A. side B. floor C. wall D. corner
22. Would you like fruit? ---Yes, ___is my favourite. A. tomato B. beef C. bread D.The pear代 词 I weMe usMy ourMine oursyoursyouyouryouShe he it theyHer him it themHer his its theirHers his its theirsGive an example of each prons人称代词使用时应注意1。 分清its和it’s : its 它的。 例如: The clock has its face.
it’s=it is 例如：It’s a toy clock.2. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。
例如： His brother is a soldier. Mine is a driver and hers is an engineer.
I left my clothes on the chair. Where _____his?
a friend of his/mine/yours= one of his…friends
3. A friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends; the watch of hers4. 冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如：a my cat(wrong)5. This/that +single noun; these/those + plural noun.
6. In the dialogue, it can be used to refer to (this/that), they refer to (these /those)
7. That 可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词
例如：The weather today is finer than that yesterday.
The radios made in Beijing are as good as those made in Shanghai.8.反身代词：A、能写出 B、注意搭配 例如：Say to oneself enjoy oneself
By oneself
For oneself
Help oneself
Teach oneselfLily saw her in the mirror.
Lily saw herself in the mirror.It 的用法1、用以指前文提到的物，有时也可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人
例如：Where is your book? It is over there.The baby is crying. It may be hungryWho is knocking at the door? It must be Li Lei.2. It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等It is rainy today. It will turn out fine tomorrowWhat is the time? It is nine.It is ten minutes’ walk from here3、作形式主语或形式宾语，没有意义It takes me ten minutes to walk from there.
I found it very hard to learn grammar.It /that /one 用以指前文提到过的单数名词
them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词思考1.The bag is in the middle of the road. Let’s move ____away.
2. If you need an eraser, I can lend you _____.
3. If you need the eraser, I can lend _____to you.
4. I have a new coat and some old _____.
5. The story of my father is more interesting than ____of mine.
6. The weather here is warmer than ____in Beijing.
7. The temperature in the daytime is half of _____at night.
7.The exercises in this paper are much easier than ____ in the mid-term paper.
8. My radio is broken. I will buy a new ____. 结论1、that, those 后常跟介词短语（that/those +介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用that 替代
2、one/ones 前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。
3、it 指前文提到的那个名词? some/any/noMy brother doesn’t need _____help.
If you have got ____questions, please put up your hands.
Would you like to have_____bananas? Yes, I’d like to.
There isn’t ___water here.could you get ____for me?
I asked her for ____paper, but she didn’t have _____
You can come at _____time.
? some, any与 thing, body, one 构成的合成词的用法与some,any 一样? a little /little; a few/few
Though it was late last night. I could still see ___persons in the street.
People are all getting together at a big dinner with their families at the new year’s eve, so you could see ____persons walking in the street.
Can you speak German? Yes, but only _____.
The lake is far away. ____people like to go fishing there.
There is ___rain this summer. The trees are going to die.
Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ___about the news.
Don’t hurry. We still have ____time left.
The old man has ___friends. So he feels very lonely.
He wanted to borrow some money from me, but I had _____.? other/ another
必背: Each other, (两者) 互相
one another,（三者或以上）相互
one after another, 一个接一个
from one to another, 从一个到另一个
the other day 不久前的某一天（用于过去时）Another 另一个，泛指众多中的一个，another+单数名词“再，又”：Another+数词+名词复数；相当于：数词+more+名词复数1、some/any/many+other+
2. The other: 两个中另一个
3.The others：(= the other+plural noun)
4.others: some….others…1.Jimmy is taller than ____ ____ boy in his class.
2. This cap is too small. Could you show me ____?
3. Jimmy and Carter are back in the classroom now. where are _____?
4. On Sundays some students are watching TV, ____are going to the clubs.
5.there are only two books left.but I don’t like this one. Will you show me ______?不定代词Both, all
Neither, none,no one
Each, every, either,any一、Both （两者）都
all （ 三者或以上）都1、 All the (my) students are very bright.
All of the (my) students are very bright.(all of them)
The (my)students are all very bright.
All are here. (all = all people)
All has gone well.(all = everything)2、Both of my parents work in the children’s hospital. (both of them)
Both my parents work in the children’s hospital.
My parents both work in the children’s hospital.3. Phrases: all day, all year, not at all, both…and…重点
提示1、both 表两者都，all 表三者都
2、Both+可数名词复数；all+可数名词复数或不可数名词
3、both, all +of + 人称代词宾格；of 不能省
4、all both 作副词时，位置在主动词后，行为动词前Exercises: all or both
I have two computers and ____ cost me more than ten thousand yuan.(but instead of but)
There are trees and flowers on ____ banks of the river.(side?)
There are two windows in the room.They ___face south.
_____of the twins are good at English.(if is instead of are)
You’d better use ___your eyes and your mind when you are reciting the text.
____roads lead to the camp. So you can take any one of them.(what about either instead of any one)
____the food in the shop has gone bad.
He likes ____the subjects in the school.
二、neither (两者) 都不 none (三者或以上)都不，no one没人
注意这些词作主语时谓语动词单数和复数Neither
noneThe (one’s)+可数名词复数 谓语动词用单数或复数
或不可数名词单数谓语动词用单数1. Mr. Blare has two daughters. _____is a doctor.
2. Lily and Lucy both like singing, but ____ of them is good at dancing.
3. ---Can you speak Chinese or Japanese?
---I can speak ___, but I can speak English.
4. The old man has six children, but ____ of them would take care of him.
5. His father bought him many English story books but he read ______.
6. Who is in the room? ______.
7. How much money is there in the box? ____. It is empty.3、each, every, either, anyEach: （两者或以上）每一；可作代词、形容词、副词1、Each of us has a English-Chinese dictionary.(代词)
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.(副词)
Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.(形容词)2、every: （三者或以上）每一的，仅作定语Every student has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.4. Either: (两者之间) 任何一个 作代词、形容词、副词There are many trees and flowers on ____side of the river. (形容词) ---When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow morning?
---I don’t mind. ____is OK.(代词)
He can’t swim very well, I can’t ____. （副词）
Either….or…/ neither …nor….Neither can I .5.any: （三者或以上）任何一个，作代词，形容词 复习Both, all
Neither, none, no one
Each, every, either,any复习1.—When shall we meet again next week?
---___day is OK. It’s no problem with me.
2.____of the students in our class want to go to plant trees.
3. ---How are your grandparents?
---They’re ____fine. Thank you.
4. There are many trees on ___side of the street.
5.Both the two boys are new to me. I don’t know ____of them.
6. ---Do you want an apple or a pear? ----_____, I really don’t mind.
7. –Which of these two sweaters will you take?
---I’ll take ____. They look nearly the same, and I just need one.
8.—Which do you like better, a cup of milk or a bottle of orange?
-----____, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea.9. There are a lot of English books here, and ___of them is easy to understand.
10. ___of the shoes in the shop were the right size. They were either too big or too small for me.
改错1.Let each them finish his work.
2. They each has got a flower.
3.You can use any of the two bikes.
4.My parents are all working in the field now.
5. Those football fans draw pictures on every side of his face.
6. No one of his pens are broken.
7. Neither Lily and my sister is the first to get there.
---Are the two answers correct? ---No, ____correct.
A. no one is B. both are not C. neither is D. either is not
2. I invited Tom and Lily to dinner, but ___of them came.
A. neither B. both C. either D. none
3. Have you seen Harry and Tom? ---I haven’t seen ___of them.
A. neither B. any C. either D. all
4. ---Which of the two books will you buy?
---I will buy ____. So I can give one of them to my friend Jimmy.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
5. As we were asleep, ___of us heard the sound. A. both B. none C. either D. any
6. _____of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret.
A. Both B. none C. either D. any7. We couldn’t eat in KFC because __of us had __money on us.
A. all, no B. any, no C. none, any D. no one , any
8. Would you like some eggs? –Yes, just____.A. little B. very much
C. two D. few
9. He is rich, but he spends ___on food and clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. much
10. Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _____. A. their B. theirs C. her D. hers
11. –Is your computer like Frank’s and Sue’s?
--No, but it’s almost the same as_____. A. her B. yours C. them D. their
12. The girl told ___father that he would not lie to ____any more .
A. his, him B. her, her C. her, him D. his , her
13. ---Is ____here? ----No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
14. They were all very tired, but ___would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither
15. I hope there are enough stools for each visitor to have ___.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
16. ---Would you like to have some tea or coffee?
---____. Thank you. I’ve just had enough tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Some D. Both
17. I have ___to say about the topic. You can ask somebody else. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
18. ____is here. let’s start our lesson. A. Everything B. Somebody . C. Nobody D. Everyone1._______ of the two boys works hard. They can’t be good at their studies.
2. They planted trees on _____sides of the street.
3. You can enjoy the different kinds of flowers on ______side of the river bank.
4.______you or I am wrong. Let’s go and ask Mr Wu.
5. He can speak ______English nor French. He can speak Japanese.
6. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to have a rest.
7. Li Lei and I couldn`t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had any money on us. 8. She can't sing，______ (can) he. 9. If you don't go fishing next Sunday，______ will I.
10. _____of the twins study in our school. And they are in the same class, too.
11. You may go and borrow books from the library _____on Monday or on Friday.
12. ____the teachers in our grade love their students and work hard.
13. He reads English _____morning from Monday to Friday.
14. ---On which day of the week can you take me to the zee, Dad? ---______day is possible for me. I’ll have a seven-day holiday.
15. There is ____oil in the bottle. It is empty.
形容词形容词的位置？1、名词前。例：一本有用的书、我们美丽的学校、
十部最佳影片、愤怒的人们2、名词后。一个装满水的 瓶子、很远的小镇、
一棵两百米高的树、3、不定代词后。有些奇怪的东西、没什么严重的名词化的形容词The + (adj): 表一类人或物。作主语时，谓语动词为复数The rich, the poor, the old, the young, 等表语性形容词只作表语、不能作定语置于名词前但可作后置定语。没有比较级的变化。不用ｖｅｒｙ 修饰。这样的形容词多以ａ开头：alone,afraid,asleep,awake,able,ill,well等The baby is asleep. A sleeping baby. Don’t wake up the baby asleep The old man is alone. A single man. A lonely man.这些表语性形容词可作状语
The man lives alone in a small house形容词比较级? 规则变化: 单音节词和双音节词，在词尾加-er构成比较级, -est构成最高级
A. tall, high
B. nice, fine,
C. big, thin, fat, hot,
D. easy, busy,
E. clever, narrow,few? 不规则变化Good— ______ ______ bad-- ______ _______
Well--- ______ _______ badly-- ______ _______
ill------ ______ _______
Many—______ ______
Much—______ ______ old
Little—______ ______
Far—______ ______
形容词比较等级的用法１、比较级＋than…
2、the +比较级+ of +the +two… 两个当中比较…的一位
3、the +最高级+ of (in) +三者或以上。。。
4、as+形容词原级+as…
5、not so (as)+原级+as…
6、the 比较级，the 比较级：越。。。就越。。。
7、比较级+ and + 比较级：越来越。。。
8、one of the 最高级+名词复数比较级与最高级之间的转换1、比较级+than +any other+名词单数
2、比较级+than+the +other(any of the other)+ 名词复数
3、No one + 谓语+比较级+than
4、比较级+than +anyone else…汤姆比他的班上同学都高
汤姆比其他班上同学都高
Can we do our work with ____money and_____people?
A.less…few B. less…fewer C. little…less D. few…less
2. Roy is cleverer than ____students in his class.
A. every one of the B. all the C. any of the other D. many more
3. It is much colder here than ____. A. Australia B. Australia’s
C. in Australia D. of Australia
4. China is larger than _____in Africa. A. any other country
B. any country C. all the other countries D. any the country
5. He made the ___mistakes in the exam in his class. A. fewer
B. less C. fewest D. least.
6. A lot of visitors come to Hangzhou because she’s _____city.
A. very a beautiful B. quite a beautiful C. so a beautiful D. a quite beautiful7. Jeff ___music and knows a lot about it. A. is interested on
B. is interested in C. is interesting about D. is interesting with
8. The smile on his face shows that he is ___with his result.
A. pleased B. sorry C. angry D. strict
9. I think the shop ____from 8:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. A. is opening
B. opens C. is open D. opened
10. There’s ____with my bike, but I hurt my leg. A. wrong something
B. nothing wrong C. anything wrong D. wrong everthing
11. The boy always plays ___. He looks very ____. A. alone, alone
B. alone, lonely C. lonely, lonely D. lonely, alone
12. Would you like two more pieces of sausage ?
No, thanks. I’m ___. A. hungry B. full C. enough D. thirtyYesterday on my way home, it rained ___and I could ___see the road. A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hard C. hardly, hard D. hard, hardly
Don’t worry. Everything will go on ___with you. A. good B. nice C. fine D. well
We can’t put this bag in the car. It’s ___crowded. A. very B. so C. too D. rather
The shirt is very beautiful, but it is ___expensive. A. too much B. much too C. many D. more
The patient ate ____rice ___he did yesterday. A. fewer than B. as little as C. as less as D. many more than
The words on the screen are too small. I can’t see them ___. A. clearly B. clear C. carefully D. good
She walked so ____that she missed the last bus. A. fast B.quickly C. slower D. slowly
Which would you like ___, tea, orange or water? A. good B. better C. well D. best
--How are you now? I am feeling __now after I have taken the medicine. A. well B. best C. better D. goodHe wasn’t ___with the knife. He cut himself. A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully
He ran and ran but he couldn’t run __to catch the bus. A. enough fast B. fast enough C. quick enough D. enough quickly
Which is ____building in Hang Zhou?
A. high B.tall C. the highest D.the taller
4. Shanghai is the largest ___all the cities in China.
A. in B. on C. of D. at
5. She is ___than any other girl in her class.
A. thiner B. thinner C. thin D. the thinnest
6. Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose ___one.A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive
7. Which problem is ___difficult, this one or the other two?
A. more B. the more C. most D. the most
8. I think that is ___song at the most. A. more popular B. the most popular C. popular D. most popular
1.—Why were you shouting? –Alice asked me to speak more ___. The line was bad. A. noisily B. quietly C. politely D. loudly
2. Bruce didn’t come to the classroom as ___as Dick yesterday. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
3. I think football is ____basketball in America. A. more popular B. so popular as C. as popular D. less popular
4. You must write as ___ as you can. A. more careful B. carefully C. careful D. care
5. Would you please say it ___? I still can’t follow you. A. more slow B. much slow C. more slowly D. much slowly
6. This bottle is ___. There is no water in it.
A. empty B. full C. big D.small
7. The car is running ___. It seems to be flying. A. more and faster B. more and more faster C. fast and fast D. faster and faster
In the exam, the more careful we are, the ___mistakes we’ll make. A. little B. better C. fewer D. smaller
I have ___friends here but I’m too busy and have ___time to play with them. A. a few, a little B. a few, little C. few, a little D. a little, few
---Is your granny ___today than yesterday?
---No, she is maybe a little ___, I’m afraid. A. better, bad B. better, worse C. worse, better D. well, badly
4. We have a lot of paper but ____ink. A. a few B. few C. a little D. not much
5. You’d better keep your mouth___ and your eyes ___. A. close, open
B. closing, opening C. closed, open D. closed, opened
6. I felt so ____that I soon fell ___. A. asleep, asleep B. sleepy, sleepy C. sleepy, asleep D. asleep, sleepyLongjin tea and Wuyi tea are both famous, but which do you think tastes ____?A. well B. good C. better D. best
The story sounds ____. A. to be true B. as true C. true D. being true
The noodles taste ___ You’d better not eat them. A. good B. well C.bad D. nicely
--Doctor , I think I am ____to leave the hospital.
---Not really. You’d better stay here for another two days.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
5.Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than ____boys in his class. A. any other B. the other C. any D. all
6.---Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
----if you don’t move, you can sit at ___end. A. neither B. each C. either D. anyNancy is as tall as Salvia if ____. A. short B. not taller C. not as tall D. shorter
The horse is getting old and can’t run ____it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so faster as D. as fast as
John plays football ____if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
It takes a long time to go there by train. It is ___by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
The piano in the other shop will be ____, but ____.
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
6. If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one. ---OK, but do you have a ____one in blue, this is too small.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. nice常见副词的用法区别1、either, also, too, neither 11. enough
2、before , ago
3、hard, hardly
4、too, very, much
5、no more, no longer
6、how often, how soon
7. As+副词+as…/not so(as)…as
8. Already/yet/ever
9. Sometime, some time, sometimesEither/also/too: 也1、Mary likes collecting stamps. I like collecting stamps, too
2、She also went climbing last week.
3、Johnson didn’t come in the morning and she didn’t come in the afternoon, either.Too用于肯定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。
also 放在助动词后，行为动词前。
Either用于否定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。Before/agoI have heard about the UFO before.
I had heard about the UFO ten years before.
I heard about the UFO ten years ago.一段时间+ ago：用于过去时
一段时间+before: 用于过去完成时
Before: 用 于现在完成时或过去时 Hard/hardlyShe was very tired after a day’s hard work.
Diamond is a kind of hard stone.
It was raining hard outside.
She worked hard than any other girl in her class.
He can hardly read or write his name.
There is hardly any food left in the fridge.Very,too,much1.The box is very heavy.
2. The box is too heavy.
3. I like my school very much.
4. This box is much heavier than that one.
Very 只用于修饰形容词或副词
very much用于修饰动词
Too 修饰形容词时,带否定意思No more/ no longerThe man no longer lives here. He has gone abroad.
He has no longer(no more ) played for the National Team.
She said no more about it after she heard that.
I have no more time for holidaysNo longer 时间上“不再” 只作状语
No more 数量上“不再” 可作状语、宾语、定语How long , how soon, how oftenHow long: 多久，对一段时间提问
How soon: 对 “in + 一段时间” 提问
How often: 对频率副词提问：twice a week, every other day等How long will the film last? ----About two hours.
How soon will they finish the composition? ----In an hour.
How often do they go shopping? ----once a month.____is it from your home to the school? ---ten minutes’ walk.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far
2.The car may be ____but _____. A. more quickly, not as safer B. quicker, not so safer C. more quickly, not so safe D. quicker, not as safe.
3. I can ___understand in class when she speaks English too fast.
A. hard B. almost C. hardly D. ever
4. Lily doesn’t like nylon dresses. Erin doesn’t , _____. A. too B. also
C. either D. neither
5. Mom won’t cook supper. ____will Dad. A. So B. Either C. Also D. Neither
6. He asked me to speak ____to the new classmates. A. fast B. more quickly C. more politely D. friendly7. The boy has few friends so he often plays ____. A. lonely B. alone C. all of himself D. happy
8. Mr. Wu ___. A. doesn’t any more work here
B. doesn’t any longer here work
C. doesn’t work any more here
D. doesn’t work here any longer动词1、连系动词2、助动词3、情态动词4、实意动词动词大家庭系动词
实义动词
助动词
情态动词
Be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get,turn keep, seem及物动词:
不及物动词:do, does, did,is am, are, was, were, have, has, had, 情态动词常用动词及动词短语1、look, see, watch, readLook: vi. 看（动作）look at/like/after/up/down/over/out of /into.
See: vt. 看见 （结果）see a film
Watch: vt. 观看 (动作) watch TV, watch a match
Read: vt.看（书，报等文字的东西）1). _____out! A car is flying toward you.
2). The boy likes to sit by and ______ the others play ball games.
3). Can you ____ a bird in the tree? ____, it’s behind the leaves.
4). He often ____magazines in the library after lunch.
5). He _____into the hole but he couldn’t _____anything.2. Spend, take, costSb. Spend(s) time or money (in) doing sth./ on sth.It takes sb. Time to do sth./ to do sth. Takes sb. timeSth. Cost(s) sb. Time or money
It costs sb. Time or money to do sth.1). She ____ two dollars on the book. The book ____her only two dollars. And it ____her five minutes to read it through.
2). It’ll ___us half an hour _____there. So it’s half an hour’s walk.
3). It ____me nothing to make the trip. It was free.
4). I spent two hours ____sorting out the documents.
5). Planting the trees ____them two days.3. Take, bring, fetch, carryTake:
Bring:
Fetch:Take the box thereBring that box hereGo and fetch the box for me1). Please ____ the ball to the teacher’s office, will you?
2). Who can ___some chalk for the teacher?
3). You must ____your composition back when you come here next time.
4). No one can ____the newspaper out of the library.
5). Our shop doesn’t let people ____food in.
6). You’d better ___your umbrella when you leave.
7). He forgot ____his textbook again. The teacher was very angry.
4. Put on, wear, dress, take off,try onPut on: 穿上（动作）反意词：take off；wear 穿着（状态）
Dress oneself: 给（某人）穿衣; try on: 试穿1). It is going to rain. You’d better______your raincoat.
2). The girl likes _____herself like a boy.
3). Today Mr. Li _____ a red T-shirt and a pair of white trousers.
4). You can _____the hat before you decide to buy it.
5). He _____his shoes and crossed the river.
6). The baby is too young to ______ himself.
7). It is cold outside. _____your coat when you go out.Borrow, lend, keepBorrow: 借进 borrow sth. From sb. (短暂性动词)
Lend: 借出 lend sth to sb (短暂性动词)
Keep: 延续性动词 How long can I keep the book?1). He _____some books from the library before the end of the term.
2).May I _____your bike, please? ---sorry I ____it to Lily.
3). How long can I ____ the book ?
4). You can ____it for two days.Look for, find, find outTurn on/ turn off/turn up/turn downLook for: 寻找（强调动作）
I can’t find my bike. Have you see it?
Don’t look for it any more. The policeman
has taken it away.
Find: 找到 （强调结果）
I have looked for my key everywhere but I still can’t find it.
Find out: 找出查明 （通过调查研究找到事实的真相） :
The teacher found out who broke the window.Turn on:开（灯，自来水等）
Turn off: 关
Turn up: 开大 turn down: 关小 Say, speak, talk, tellSay: vt 说 “什么” say sth.to sb. / Say it again.
Speak: vi 讲话，讲（语言） speak English; learn to speak
Talk: vi/noun 谈话，谈论（about, with, to）
Tell: 告诉（双宾语）tell sb sth/ tell sth to sb/ tell sb to do/tell sb.not to do…/tell a story/tell the time1.He _____he was in Class One. / He ____me he was in Class One.
2. He will give a three minutes’ ____ at the beginning of the class.
3. The old man can _____seven languages.
4. We _____about the language of the Inuit tribe in tomorrow’s class.
5. Can you ____it again? I didn’t hear you clearly.
6. Would you please ask him _____ louder next time?Get to, arrive, reach 到达Get to…: I will write to you as soon as I get to New York.
Arrive vi: arrive at /in A group of British visitors arrived at
our school yesterday morning.
Reach: vt When he reaches the school, he will telephone us.
There /here/home: 放在get, arrive后不用to, at, in
I got home very late last night.
They arrived there three minutes later so they didn’t see
the sunrise.Listen / hear Listen 听 不及物，常与介词to连用如:
I listened carefully, but heard nothing.
Hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语
Hear 听说 后跟宾语从句
hear from sb 收到某人的来信如:
Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.
hear of 听说如: Have you heard of the news?Forget/leaveforget-leave
forget忘了某物如:
I forgot to tell you about it.
leave把某物忘在某地如:
Kate left her key to her room at home. put on-wear-dress
put on 穿上 （强调动作）如:It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.
wear穿着（强调状态）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.
dress打扮，给...穿衣服 ①dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服 ②get dressed 穿好衣服 ③dress up 打扮 穿上盛装” 如:She often dresses up in a red skirt. 连系动词有：be, become, get, turn, seem,
feel, sound, look, taste, smell, keep 等Link verbs + adj: The mooncake tastes delicious.
Link verbs + like: look like, feel like, taste like
Link verbs 在疑问句和否定句中：
The mooncake doesn’t taste delicious.
Does the mooncake taste delicious?
4. Look at…为行为动词 注意下列两句句子的区别：
The little dog looked hopefully at me
The little dog looked very sad.Pass pastPass: vt 经过 过去时为： passed
Past: adj/prep
He was the first one to pass the finishing line.
He passed the final exam.
He was first past the finishing line.
The word passed is the past form of “pass”.When I ___by the shop, I saw some retired ladies dancing waltz.
Please buy me a handkerchief when you go ___the supermarket.
The old men like to think about something ____while the young men like to look ahead.
The exam is so hard that few students _____it.Across: 介词 横穿，穿过
Cross： 动词 穿过 cross the street=go across the street
Crossing: 十字路口
Through：（从物体中间穿过，如穿过森林，高楼林立的城市，窗户等 ）Asleep, sleepy, sleeping, awakeasleep是表语形容词，在句中放在be 动词之后；它不能放在名词之前，例如我们不可以说：Look at the asleep baby. (asleep应改为sleeping) 例： She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。 The old man has fallen asleep．那个老人睡着了。 请注意: be asleep是指“睡着”的状态，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。 Sleeping: 是定语形容词，它放在它所修饰的名词之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb “to be”之后（He is sleeping)，sleeping 不是形容词，而是动词，is sleeping 是现在进行时。例： Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？ Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那个在睡觉的婴孩。 Let sleeping dogs lie．莫惹事生非。 sleeping一词有构词能力，它能和另一些词构成复合名词。如：sleeping-bag（睡袋）；sleeping－car（卧车）；sleeping-pill（安眠药） Sleeping有一近义词，即sleepy。
sleepy既可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，means“困倦”、“想睡觉”，用作定语时，means：“贪睡”、“寂静的”。例： The children feel sleepy；put them to bed．孩子们困了，把他们放到床上睡吧。 31、jobwork
job是可数名词，work是不可数名词，一般表示抽象意义的工作，可用a piece of work修饰。
He is doing an interesting job.
He is doing interesting work.
Hard work: 名词
Hard work and his intelligence make him a popular person in his workplace.
She finally becomes the best student through hard work
Work hard 动词，不及物。如跟宾语，可用介词 at
The final exam is on its way. He is working hard to pass it.
He works so hard at English.
Hard working: 形容词 We Chinese are hard working people.
–Tickets, please. May I ___at your ticket, madam?
--Yes, here it is. A. show B. watch C. see D. look
2. We all went to ____the match last night. A. look B.watch C. see
3. We ___carefully but we could ___nothing. A. listened, hear B. listened to, hear C. heard, listen D. heard, listen to
4. We listened but could not ____clearly. A. hear B. listen C. hear about
5. What are the girls doing?—they ___the music. A. heard B. are hearing
C.are listening to D.were listening
6. My husband likes reading very much. He often ____much money on books. A. costs B.pays C.spends D.takes
7. I enjoy reading, but I can’t ____much time ___it. A. spend…on B. pay…in C. take…in D. costs…on
8. It ____me about half an hour to do the exercises. A. used B. took C. paid D. spent
9. I like collecting stamps but it ____a lot of time and money.
A. spends B.took C. costs D. uses
10. How long will it ___us to get there by bike? A. spend B.use C. take
11. How much did you ____, Kate? ------ Twenty dollars. A. cost B. take C. spend D. use
12. The dictionary ____me 178 yuan. A. spent B. took C. cost D. pays
13. He likes the book but it ___too much. A. costs B. takes C. spends
14. The box is not heavy. Wu Peng can ___it by herself. A. take B. learn C. carry D. bring
15. ---Will you show me your family album ?---OK, I’ll ___it here tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. catch D. carry
16. He always gets up early and ____his clothes quickly in the morning. A. dressed B. puts on C. wears D. has on
17. The book ___him ten yuan. A. cost B. took C. spends18.With the help of computers, news can ___every corner of the world quickly. A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return
19. The heavy snow ____arriving in time. A.let the train not B. made the train not to C. stopped the train of D. stopped the train from
20. Allan is busy ___his motorbike. A. mend B. mending C. to repair D. repaired
21. I think teachers are the most hard-working people. Do you ___me?A.go on with B. catch up with C. agree with D. laugh at
22. You’d better tidy your room. ___your things. A. Put away B. Put on C. Take off D. Wear
23. When he heard the bell, he ___ the door. A. hurried off to open B. hurried off opening C. hurried up to open D. hurried up opening
24. David’s always the winner of the race, but this time he ____others. A.fell behind B. fell down C. fell over D. fell off
25. The doctor ____the boy carefully as soon as he was taken to hospital.26.The radio is too noisy. Would you please turn it ___a little? A. down B.up C. off D. on
27. Hello, Joe! What does that radio say? please ____it ___so that everybody can hear it? A. turn..on B. turn …down C. turn…up D. turn…off
28. How long have you ____the book? ---Two days. A. lent B. borrowed C. bought D. kept
29. –Can I ___your bike? ----With pleasure. But you mustn’t ___it to others. A. lend, borrow B. borrow, lend C. carry, lend D. lend, returned
30.---Will Mr. Smith be here soon? ---I can’t tell. Let’s go and ____when the train arrives. A. look B.look for C. find D. find out
31. Where is my pencil? I can’t ___it anywhere. A. find B.carry C. look for D. put
32. Why, here’s my pen! I ___it just now, but I didn’t ___it. A. looked for, found B. found, look for C. looked for, find D. found, looked for33.Will you please__us a story, Miss Gao? --OK. Shall I _it in English or in Chinese? A. tell, speak B. talk, speak C. tell, say D. talk, say
34. What did the boss ____you to ___at the meeting? A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk
35. What nice clothes! Can I _____! A. try them on B. try on them C. try it on D. try on it.
36. It is quite warm here? Why not ___ your coat? A. take off B. turning off C. put on D. to put away
37. Mum told me ____ the coffee until it boiled(开) and ___the gas.
A.see, turned off B. to watch, turn off C. looked at, to turn on D. watching, turn down
38. Don’t ____Chinese in an English class. A. say B. speak C. tell D.talk
39. What are you ____, Mary? ---the broom, I can’t ____it. Do you know where it is ? A. finding, find B. finding for, find C.looking for, find
D.looked for, look at40. Don’t forget ____your sun glasses before you go out. A. wear B. to put on C. taking off D. try on
41. A friend of __is coming to see my family. A. my B. his C. him D.our
42. May I ___ Tom my radio, Mum? ---Certainly. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D.use 43. What a long run! It made us ___. A. to feel tired B. to be thirsty C. tired D. feel tiring
44. Do you feel ___when you are left ___at home at night? A. lonely, alone B.alone, lonely C.alone, lonely D. along, alone
45.How much did you ____on all these things in the shopping list? A.take B. cost C. spend D. pay 46. Mum said that cooking ___much time every day. A. spent B. costs C. took D. uses 47.___your shoes at once. We must hurry. A. Put on B. Dressing up C. to wear D. Takes off 48. –What did you think of her talk? ---she ___for one hour but didn’t ___much. A. spoke, speak B. spoke, say C. said, speak D. said, say
49. I can hardly hear the cassette. Could you please _____? A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off动词时态1、一般现在时2、现在进行时3、现在将来时4、现在完成时5、一般过去时6、过去进行时7、过去将来时8、过去完成时一般现在时
1、主语（复数名词、代词、I、you ）+ 动词原形。。。。2、主语（单数名词、代词）+ 动词（加 s、es）。。。。3、否定句、疑问句中的一般现在时练习：1、你们是中学生 2、姑娘们喜欢看足球，男孩子喜欢踢足球 3、星期天，吉姆通常在家做作业 4、他经常帮妈妈做家务 5、你怕狗吗？6、在夏天，你的家乡经常下雨吗？7、这位女士饭后不常去散步8、你爷爷常锻炼吗？--不常一般现在时与时间状语1、一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作。常用的时间状 语有：always, usually, often, never, sometimes, every(….), once a week, on Saturday2. 在时间，条件状语从句中3、一般现在时表客观事实或普遍真理If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.
She wouldn’t stop crying until her mother came home.The teacher said that the moon is smaller than the earth.一般过去时1、主语+did。。。/ 主语+ was、were。。。。2、助动词有：did/was/were；既行为动词没有主谓一致变化；
be动词单数是was 复数是were3、熟记动词的过去时态形式练习：1、去年，他给他的父母亲写过信
2、上学期她学习不努力
3、这位老人年轻时当过兵
4、我们两小时前就到达了过去时及其用法1、一般过去时表过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态2、常见时间状语有：yesterday(…), last (…), (….) ago,
just now , in( …), one day, at the age of … when…The boy began to learn English when he was five.
Jack often got up very late during the summer holiday.
Did you visit the Great Wall while you were traveling in BJ?
I didn’t see him in the office this morning现在进行时1、主语+（is, am, are）+现在分词（v-ing）-----be doing…2、现阶段 “正在，在” 进行的动作，常用时间状语有：
now, right now, at the moment, these days, look! Listen! look out! Don’t you hear? Don’t make so much noise ,It’s 7:00 o’clock, 地点状语，上下文等例如：1.Have you moved into your new house?---Not yet. It ____ (paint)2.Where is Mr Li? Don’t you hear ?she _______upstairs.3.Look there! Ma Ning ______(play) basketball alone.过去进行时1、was/were + doing…2、过去某个“时间点” “正在，在” 进行的动作3、时间状语有：at seven yesterday morning, from 9 to 10 last night, at this time last Monday, when someone knocked at the door等例如： I was watching TV when my teacher came to my home.
He was drinking with us when the killing happened. It was 8:00 now, and he was having his breakfast.现在将来时1、主语+will do…or will be…
主语+ (is am are) going…2、有些动词象：go, come, arrive, leave,start, die 等表示移动的动词，它们的进行时态形式表示将来The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.3 一般将来时表示“将，将要”来要发生的动作或状态， 常用时间状语有：tomorrow(…), this afternoon (…), next week(…), in+一段时间
注意：1、Shall I /we…? 而 Will you…?
2、在以引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，状语从句动作虽发生在将来，但只用现在时表示。例如： I will help you when I am free.
3、祈使句，or /and 陈述句 （将来时态）１.Tom ____(学习) harder this year than last year.
2.They usually _____TV in the evening.
3. Miss Gao ____(学习) English on the radio every morning.
4. –Do you like this kind of paper?—Yes, it ____very nice. (摸上去)
５.Our teacher told us that the earth _____around the sun.
6. There ____a big tree near the house last year.
7. I will tell them the news as soon as they _____back.
8. They won’t go to the West Lake if it ______tomorrow.(下雨)
9.I ___him at the station when he returns.(接)
10.Please go out to take exercise when you ____free.
11. I can catch up with Harry before he _____the finishing line.(到达)
12.We won’t leave until the rain ____. (停)
13.—What did you do last night?---I did my homework and ___TV.
14.They ____home two hours ago. (离开)
15.____he _____the teacher the day before yesterday?(看见)
16.—Is the old man still living? ---I’m sorry he’s ___. He ____two weeks ago.
17.I _____to bed until my parents came back home.
18.I ___an old friend of mine when I ____in the street yesterday afternoon.(遇见，散步)
19. The child ____crying when he saw his mother.
20.When I ___（经过）by the shop, I saw the accident ______(发生)
21.Mr.Smith doesn’t have any money with him. He ____his wallet at home.(遗留)
22.When ____the accident _____? (发生)
23. Who washed the bowls on the table?---Jenny ____.
24.---Excuse me, look at the sign: No Smoking!
---Sorry, I _____it. (没看见)
25.Look! LiPing and Li Ying ____the piano now.
26.It’s 11 and the Smiths ____ lunch now.
27.Don’t speak to me while I ______a composition.
28.Listen! Someone _____in the next room.(吵架)
29.They ____for NewYork on Friday. Shall we go and see them off at the airport? (前往)
30.----Good morning, Madam, can I help you? ----No, thanks. I _____.(随便看看)
31.I am not sure if she ____to the zoo with us tomorrow.
32.He ____to your office tomorrow afternoon, please wait for him.34.I don’t know when he _____. When he ____, I will let you know.(来)
35. Do you know if he ___ to play basketball with us ? ---I think he will come if he ____nothing to do.
36.They say there ____a new film tomorrow evening.
37.--- What are you going to give our teachers for Teachers’ Day? ---I’m not sure. Maybe I ___him some flowers.
38.I don’t know if they ___the spring sports meeting next month. If they ____it,I must get ready for it.
39. ---Where is Jim? ---He ______vegetables in the garden.(浇水)
40. Everyone___(知道) the red light ___ “Stop”.(意思是)
41.The dog ___(sleep) now. it always ____at the door.
42.I ____(fly) a kite when it ____(begin) to rain.
43.Look out of the window and you will see the children ____with water in the swimming pool.(play)45.She is at home now. she _____(look)after her brother because their mother ____(be) away.
46.Jim ____to the ground when he ___the tree and ___his leg.(fall, climb, break)
47.The telephone ____(ring). Could you answer it, Mary?
48.Mr Black put the food in a paper bag and ___(take) to his work place.
49.---Would you please not draw on the wall? ---Oh, sorry, I _____it again.(not , do )
50. When I ____(leave) my office last night, it _____(rain) heavily.
51. There were no seats on the bus so I ___(keep) standing all the time.
52.Look at those girls. How happily they _____(play)!
53. Be quiet, please. I can’t hear what the teacher ______(say).
54.Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It ____(rain).55. Mr Black ____ some washing after he read two books.
56.---May I speak to Mrs White, please? ---Hold on, please. She ____with an old friend of hers. (talk)
57. What ___he ___(do) from seven to ten last night? He ___(make) a model plane. He _____(take part in) a model plane contest the next week.
58. When I ___(wait) for the bus, I ____(meet) an old friend of mine.
59. I ___(break) a piece of glass while I _____(clean) the window.
60.My brother ___(go) to study in America in 1995. He ____(come back)until 2003.
61.When you ___(knock) at the door, I ____(think) and didn’t hear you.
62.Work hard at your lessons and you ____(catch up with ) the others.
63. The children were shouting loudly and the driver _____the horn.(not hear )64. My brother ___(not do) well in the English exam. He ____(fall) behind. He ___(be) more careful from now on.
65. When I saw them, they ____(sweep)the floor in the classroom.
66. My mother has gone out. She ____(do) some shopping in town.
67. Do you think he will call us as soon as he ____(arrive) in town?
68. They won’t have a picnic if it ____(rain)
69.Mary ___(make) a dress when she cut her finger.
70. He ___(break) his leg when he ____(play) in a football match.
71.My sister ____(lose) her watch when she ____(play) volleyball.
72. ---When ____he ____back again?(come)----When he ____, I’ll let you know.
73.---Sorry I ___(forget) to send the letter for you.----Never mind, I ___(send) it myself tonight.74. John ___(go) out of the gate when no gatekeepers_____(look).
75. We were all surprised when he said that he ___the office soon.(leave)
76. Can I go to school, daddy? ---You can when you ___a bit older.(get)
77. Do you like the paper? ---Yes, it ____(feel) very soft.
78.---Your telephone number again? I ___(not,hear) it quite well. ---It is 89912812
79. While the teacher ____(read) the text, Ma ming ____(fall)asleep in class. When the teacher ____ (find) this , he ____(be) very angry.
80. Shirley ___(write) a book last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
81. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I’ve no idea, but he ____it the whole afternoon.
Thank you
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