名词性从句

名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接词：
连词：that, whether, if
连接代词：who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever…
连接副词：when, where, why, how, etc.
主语从句：
that引导的主语从句，往往用it作形式主语。主要有以下几种形式：
It+be+名词+that从句
Eg. _____ is a pity that you missed the wonderful lecture.
It is a fact that…事实是……
It is common knowledge that… …….是常识
It is a question that… ……是个问题
It+be+形容词+that从句
Eg. It is quiet obvious that we need to improve our language competence.
It is clear that… …..很清楚
It is (un)like/probable that… 很有（不大）可能……
3) It+be+过去分词+that从句
It is believed _______ almost all of the senior high school students can get college education in China in future.
It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…….
It has been proved that… 已证明……..
4) It+不及物动词+that从句
eg. It seems that it rains frequently in spring in Shanghai.
It appears/happens that….
It follows that… 由此可见……
It matters that… 要紧的是……
It occurred to me that… 我想到…….
wh-疑问词引导的主语从句
wh-疑问词引导的主语从句多位于句首作主语，也可以放到后面，前面用it作形式主语。
Eg. _______ will be our new director hasn’t been decided.
A. What B. Who C. When D. Where
→ It hasn’t been decided _____ will be our director.
________ a new product sells well depends on its quality and price.
A. Whether B. If C. Who D. How
→ It depends on its quality and price ______ whether a new product sells well.
宾语从句
当主句的谓语是make, find, feel, believe, think, suppose, consider, see to, take…for granted（想当然，认为…..是应该的）等常带有宾语补足语的动词时，通常在这些词后用it作形式宾语，而把从句置于宾补之后，其结构通常是“动词+it+宾补+宾从”
eg. We all thought ______ a pity that our football team did not win the game.
A. that B. when C. it D. what
He thought ______ a pity that he missed the film.
A. it B. that C. how D. what
介词+宾从
有时宾从可以作介词的宾语
eg. I am thinking of ______ I can persuade him not to always play video games
A. what B. that C. it D. how
否定的转移
若主句的谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等表示“认为 ”“猜想 ”的动词时，其后的宾从若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句的谓语上从句的谓语用肯定式。
Eg. I ______ suppose that the director ______ be against the plan.
A. /, won’t B. don’t, will
Note 此类动词变反意疑问句时，应视情况而定。主句为第一人称时，疑问与从句保持一致；主句为二，三人称时，疑问与主句保持一致。
Eg. I don’t think he will come, _________?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will he D. shall I
You don’t think I am going out there in the wet, _______?
A. do you B. don’t you C. am I D. am not I
及物动词后跟两个宾从时，只有第一个that可以省去，第二个一般不省。
Eg. He said _______ the text was very important and _______ we should learn it by heart.
A. that, / B. what, / C. /, / D. /, that
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason why he was late for the class was _______ he missed the school bus.
A. because B. as C. / D. that
带有reason的表从用that引导，不能用because, 且that一般不省略
wh-疑问词引导的表从
This/That+be+wh-疑问词引导的表从
That’s why I feel grammar boring.
名词主语+be+wh-疑问词引导的表从
The trouble is how we can solve all the difficult problems without their help.
Note: wh-疑问词引导的表从必须是陈述句语序，它们通常不含有疑问的意义，而是分别表示具体的地点，时间，原因，方式，ect.
同位语从句
同从跟在某些抽象名词后作同位语，具体说明名词的内容。
常见的这样使用的名词有idea, belief, hope, news, information, report, question, promise, possibility, ect.
同从与定从的区别：
I have no idea about the news that Dick will become our department hard.
He made a promise that he would be able to keep.
I believe the fact that he was honest.
I believe the fact that he thought to true.
He didn’t tell us the date when he would come back.
I have no idea when he will come back.
Note: which不能引导同从，却可以引导定从
名词性从句的难点
由whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引导的名词性从句
whoever= anyone who….任何……的人
whomever是whoever的宾格
whatever= anything that…任何……的物
whichever= any…that…/any one which…任何…的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）人或物
这些词引导的名从可以作主语和宾语
Eg. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A. Whatever B. When C. Where D. Whoever
→ Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
________ he had was seized by the German soldiers.
A. Whatever B. When C. How D. That
→ Anything that he had was seized by the German soldiers.
________ of you comes in first will receive a prize.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whichever D. That
→ Any one of you who comes in first will receive a prize.
Note: whatever/whoever/whichever 也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who, no matter what, no matter which
但是no matter who/which/what 不能引导名词性从句。
Eg. No matter who comes (=whoever comes), we will be happy.
Whoever comes is welcome.
No matter who comes is welcome.
名词性从句中的what和that
What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.
The problem is what we should do to protect the earth.
The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth.
名词性从句中的whether和if
主，表，同从中只用whether 不用if; 宾从中两者可换用。
Note：if 与whether引导宾从时不能换用的情况
if不能与选择疑问搭配，whether 可以
介词后面的宾从不能用if引导
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表示“坚持，命令，建议或要求”等词意的词出现时，不论在哪种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词形式为(should)+动词原形。这类词有：insist, suggest, order, demand, etc.
Eg. He suggested that a meeting should be held at once.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
课件23张PPT。名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类1.When we will start is not clear.
2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.
3. My idea is that we should do it right now.
4.I had no idea that you were her friend.II．语序问题1.The photographs will show you ____ ．
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2.He asked____for a violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid 请你归纳 在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用______的语序。陈述句 Ⅲ.名词性从句的连接词一、主语从句连词that(无词义, 不作成分, 不能省略);whether(是否),if不能位于句首。
That he will come and help us is certain.
Whether we will succeed is still a question.
It is not known if he will come.注意: 已确定的事由that引导;
没决定的事由whether引导.3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.
How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等.What he is has nothing to do with you.
Whose ticket this is has not been found out.特殊句式1.I hate ____? when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it? B. that C. these D. them
2. I feel ____ strange that he should be so careless.
A. / B. it C. that D. how
3. It worried her a bit? ____ her hair was turning grey.
A．while B. that C. if? D. for 为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。归纳 主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.
That they will come is certain.2.由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.
Whoever say that are to be punished.
Who are going there have been decided.3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.
What he wants are these books.
What he wants is some water.二. 宾语从句1. 由连词that 引导: that 常可省略。I told him (that) I would come back soon.注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语
时不能省略that.)He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不能省略。We consider it possible that he is ill.
I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.2. 由wh-疑问词引导。We fully understood what he meant.
Go and ask why he was late yesterday.
I asked how he was getting on.
He asked me whether or not I was I was busy.
Whatever he does he does well.
We will choose whoever is fit.whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.1. 介词后的宾从.
Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.
2. whether…or not的宾从.
I don’t know whether or not she’ll like it.
3. 复合不定式只能用whether.
Tell us whether to go or stay here.
4.习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导.
He asked if you would not go and see him.三. 表语从句表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.
但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可.
这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句.
It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.
It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot. The news that our team has won the match is
true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car went
wrong halfway.四.同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在名词 fact, news, promise,
truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information,
knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan,
suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分.He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some
foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did. 1. that 与 what
2. if 与 whether
3. who 与 whoever
4.what 与 whateverIV．关联词的区分1.用that 或what 填空1. I wonder if this is ______you are looking for.
2. Our school is quite different from _______ it was before.
3. Father made a promise ______ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhatthat4._______ I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
5.________the earth is round is known to us all.
归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat（what, whatever, who, whoever)1._________ was said here must be kept secret.
2. _______we need is more time.
3._______ made the long distance call to him is not important.
4._________ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever ___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而
____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?Whoever,whateverWho, what 课件27张PPT。名词性从句Noun Clauses一.相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾
语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。
3.名词性从句：
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主
语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，
这个句子就叫名词性从句。
4.名词性从句的种类：
根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，
名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表
语从句和同位语从句。1.When we will start is not clear.
2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.
3. My idea is that we should do it right now.
4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句 名词性从句的种类1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known .
3) What he said is not true .
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.It 的用法： （形式主语）
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying….（俗话说）1).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.2).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例:注意点2.用if 或whether 填空1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.
归纳:a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if ；
b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whetherwhetherwhetherIf It is well known /reported / thought/said… that…
It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtful…that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…
2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）
who, what, which, whoever, whatever,
when where why how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us .
3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
a..当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
eg: I don’t know whether I will
stay or not.
b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
eg: I worry about whether I hurt
her feeling.注意2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that
从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we
mean what we say.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导
的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come
and that he would come on time.
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。
连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句)
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空:1.The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent is ______ he was ill.
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。注 意：在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
一般情况下，“that”不能省。
It is /was because ….
It is /was why….
3. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
4 The reason is because /why…that ….4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact
worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
China./ We heard the news last night._______ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet
worries their parents and teachers a lot._________We heard the news last night that the Queen of
England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for
the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./
The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./
Many British parents hold the view._______Many British parents hold the view that teenagers
shouldn’t spend too much time online.________There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel
is possible.______________________________________________________The suggestion that Chinese students should be given
more free time is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.引导名词从句的关联词。分析下列宾语从句中的连词I don’t doubt （that ）you will succeed.
I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.
I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.3个句子中的连词that, whether, if （是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词
注意：a. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。连接词II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether c. that D. which7.The question is ____the film is
worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
8.They received orders _____ the work
be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that 9.The reason ____ I have to go is ____
my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because
C. why ; that D. that; because
10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how
C. That; why D. What; because
11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
13. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon
B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon
D. his coming soon14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
15.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A.how B. that C. when D. what16.--- Can I help you?
--- Yes, do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus
B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come
D. when the bus comes
17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that
B. it; that
C. what; when
D. which; what课件13张PPT。名词性从句 一.相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾
语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。
3.名词性从句：
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主
语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，
这个句子就叫名词性从句。
4.名词性从句的种类：
根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，
名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表
语从句和同位语从句。二.主语从句1.主语从句的连接词1).连接词: that, whether
例:(1).That he will win is certain.
(2).It has been reported that sales of beef in
China will increase.
(3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese
remains to be decided.
(4).Whether he ‘ll join us in the discussion
is of great importance.2).连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which,
whoever,whatever, whichever例: (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a
change in land ownership.
(2).Whose bag it is can not be told.
(3).What India needs is a law to make land
ownership fairer.
(4).It is not yet decided which cash crop
will be produced next year.
(5).Whatever he said was right.
(6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6
o’clock.3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many,
how much how long, how soon, how often例:(1).When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.
(2).Where we can buy oxen is something we
need to find out.
(3).Why he came here is not known.
(4).How we can protect the grain from damp
needs to be discussed.
(5).How many people died from starvation that
year will never be known.
(6).How often he’ll go to see his grandmother
depends on the time he can spare.2.注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓
语在后.
例: 正: When he will come is not known.
误: When will he come is not known.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.
例: 正: That he will not come to the meeting this
evening is true.
误: He will not come to the meeting this
evening is true.3).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/…
that…
It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/…
that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/… that…
It doesn’t matter whether…/It seems that…
It happens that…三.宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数
情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that
从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
例: We must make it clear that we
mean what we say.
(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导
的宾语从句中,that 不省略.
例: He told me that he would come
and that he would come on time.四.表语从句1.表语从句的引导词:
基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ).
例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of
grain every year.
(2).The question was when the butcher was
likely to come back from the town.
(3).The fact remains that a change in land
ownership is needed in India.
(4).That is what he told us.
(5).It seems as if it is going to rain. 2.注意点1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
4).不要使用 The reason … is because that … 句型,
应使用 The reason… is that… 或 This / it /that/
is because…等句型.
例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.
误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.五.同位语从句1.同位语从句的引导词: that
2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句.
例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表
结构,that 不作从句中的成分,同位语从句)
(2).I still remember the place that we visited
last year.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾
语,定语从句)
3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:
idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion,
proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory,
truth,word 等.e课件28张PPT。 名词性从句 Practice:
1.______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
A. That B. What C. Why D. If
2. I wonder ____ you will go shopping or stay at home.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
3. This is _____ he was often late for school.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
4. We all know the truth ____ the earth ____ around the sun.
A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; moveACCB主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句
(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于
名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、
表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在
句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主语This is his job.This is what he does every day. { {表语I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day. {宾语I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. {同位语Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading section on page 2 and tell the functions.At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist
would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark
coat.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clause名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序（1） 名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )FTTF二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that 和what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that / what1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is ______ we won the game.4.This is _____ we want to know.5.Is _____ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon. WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatif 和whether 的选用不能使用if 的情况：a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.if / whether1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.6. The question is _________ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon.8. I don’t know _______ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _________ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _________ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere引导词that 的省略that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：a. 主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e. 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略that/ (that)1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _________ he is careless .4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.6.He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt ________ he will win.5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.that/ whether / where/ howwherehowthatthatwhether同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中 心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.Attributive or Appositive ATAPAPAT名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.宾语从句的时态呼应1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _________________________ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _________________________.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time
yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me ______________________ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me ______________________. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us ______________________he was preparing for the examinationHe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.Practice time1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that B. thinks that
C. is thought that D. is thought that
4.It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that B. might that
C. may be that D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built
11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which B. what C. that D. where Thank you名词性从句
基础知识清单
（1）名词性从句的基础知识
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that, who, whom, what, whether及 when, where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序。
（2）常用的关联词
1）连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2）连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3）连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
（3）主语从句：
种类
关联词
例 句
说 明
主
语
从
句
连
词
that
That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。
that在句首不可省去
whether
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。
连接代词
who, what, which, whatever
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般
连接副词
when, where, why, how
It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher. 我们到学校跟老师谈谈很重要。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。
（4）宾语从句：
关联词
例 句
说 明
宾
语
从
句
陈述意义
that
I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。
We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
疑问意义
if, whether
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他不在乎天气是否好。
whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。
作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。
从句是否定句时一般用if引导。
特殊疑问意义
who, whom,
which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever
Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你需要什么？
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。
注1
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。
注2
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。
（5）表语从句：
种类
关联词
例 句
说 明
表
语
从
句
连词
that, whether,
as if
The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。
在非正式的文体中that可以省去。
连接代词
who, what, which
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
表语从句位于主句系动词之后
连接副词
when, where, why, how
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
（6）同位语从句：
种类
关联词
例 句
说 明
同
位
语
从
句
由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought, question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。
重点难点突破
（1）表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的是：当主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
（2）宾语从句应注意：
注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，一般不可出现现在时或现在完成时。
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
2）whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
It depends on whether we have enough time.
⑤whether 可与不定式连用。
She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.
They don’t know whether to go there.
⑥whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
The question is whether he will come.
⑦引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
⑧引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
Please come to see me if you have time.
（3）名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
①宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello, I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
②主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
（4）that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(that可以直接引导主语从句或者为了平衡句子结构，用it 作形式主语，把主语从句放在后边。常见句型有:
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that…
It is natural that children love their parents. 很自然孩子们喜欢自己的父母。
　　It is strange that she didn't turn up at the meeting.
　　 奇怪的是她没有在会议上露面。
（B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...
　　It is a fact that English is being used by more and more people.
　 　事实是越来越多的人在使用英语。
　　It is common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun.
　　 地球绕着太阳转是常识。
（C）It is said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested that …
　　It is reported that three people got lost in the flood.
　　 据报道在这次洪水中三人失踪。
　　It has been proved that the driver is not related to the accident.
　　 已证实那名司机与这个事故无关。
（D）It seems/happens that。如：
　　It seems that she knew nothing about the news. 似乎她对这则消息一无所知。
　　It happened that we met on a bus to the hospital.
　　 我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
(5) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
2.同位语从句对中 心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.
1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
(6) 引导that不可省略的情况：a. 主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e. 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略
e.g. 1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _________ he is careless .4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.6.He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living
alone.
(7) 名词性从句连接词that 和what 的选用
that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
习题专练
1.After having waited for ____ seemed two hours, I began to get impatient, wondering ______happened to Ben.
A. when; what B. what; what C. which; what D. what; that
2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail amount.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It’s required D. It requires
3. Remember that the birthday _______ we spend happily each year was just _____ our mothers suffered bitterly.
A. when; that B. that; when C. when; what D. that; what
4. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _______ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B,. that C. how D. which
5. Those who suffer from terrible poverty are surely ready to accept ______ help they can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
6. The basketball club asked the coach to write an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
7. _______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. That
8．（07徐州一质测35）It is not yet well understood _______ has made the rainforest disappear year by year.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
名词性从句
1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. ( 87 )
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
2. They have no idea at all ____________. ( 87 )
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone
3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ( 88 )
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________. ( 88 )
A. where he is most needed B. where he needed
C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed
5. These photographs will show you _____________. ( 89 )
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
6. Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring? ( 90 )
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
7. No one can be sure _____________ in a million years. ( 91 )
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
8. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. ( 92 )
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
9. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey. ( 92 )
A. which B. that C. if D. for
10. _____________ you don’t like him is none of my business. ( 92 )
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
11. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93 )
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
12. He asked _____________ for the violin. ( 93 )
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
13. — Do you remember ____________ he came?
— Yes, I do, he came by car. ( 94 )
A. how B. when C. that D. if
14. _____________ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. ( 95 )
A. There B. This C. That D. It
15. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. ( 95 )
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
16. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. ( 96 )
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
17. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ( 96 )
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
18. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. ( 97 )
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
19. ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 )
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
20. It was a matter of ____________ would take the position. ( 98 )
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
21. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
Is that ____________ you had a few days off? ( 99 )
A. why B. when C. what D. where
22. ___________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. ( 99 )
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
23. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____________ I can to save them. ( 00 )
A. that B. which C. whichever D. whatever
24. _____________ she couldn’t understand was _____________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. ( 00 )
A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that
25. What the doctors really doubt is _____________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. ( 01 )
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
26. ____________ is no possibility ___________ Bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 01 )
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the money exactly ____________ he wants. ( 2002上海 )
A. what B. which C. when D. that
28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____________ road conditions need ____________. ( 2003上海 )
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
29. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____________. (2003 北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
30. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京)?A. that ?B. as C. why D. when
31. I think Father would like to know ___________ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a??quick note. ( 04 湖南 )?A. which B. why C. what D. how
32. A modern city has been set up in?________ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 )? A. what B. which C. that D. where
33. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future. ( 04广东 )A. that B. how C. such D. so
34. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike. ( 04 )
???A. why B. whether C. when D. how
35. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. ( 04上海 )A. where B. what C. that D. how
36. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. ( 04上海 )?A. when??????????? B. where??? C. what D. that
37. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed. ( 04上海春季 )
????A. as B. which C. what D. that
38. Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
????A. which B. that C. what D. whether
39. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game . （ 05 北京 ）
A. why B. what C. who D. that
40. Danby left word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon. ( 05 浙江 )
A. who B. that C. as D. which
41. The way he did it was different we were used to . ( 05 江西 )
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
42. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. ( 05 湖南 )
A. what B. that C. how D. which
43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. ( 06 湖南 )
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
44. We haven't settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江苏 ）
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
45. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁 ）
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
46. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全国I ）
A. when B. which C. where D. what
47. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 06全国I ）
A. where B. when C. how D. what
48. --- What did your parents think about your decision?--- They always let me do _______ I think I should. （ 06全国III ）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
49. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals. （ 06山东 ）
A. as B. that C. what D. which
50. I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited. （ 06山东 ）
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
51. One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （ 06上海 ）
A. how B. why C. that D. when
52. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done. （ 06上海 ）
A. what B. which C. why D. while
53. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.?? --- But I still remember the story, believe it or not,?__________??we got lost on a rainy
night. （ 06四川 ）???A. which? B. that? C. what? D. when54. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
（ 06天津 ）
A. that B. which C. until D. if
55. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class?? he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （ 06重庆 ）
A. why B. that 　　C. where ? D. because
56. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________. （ 06上海春季 ）
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
57. Doris' success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）
A. which B. that C. when D. why
58. --- Could you do me a favor?
--- It depends on it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
59. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
60.. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
答案
1 ------ 5 BACAB 6 ------ 10 CACBC 11 ------ 15 ADADC
16 ------ 20 ABBAA 21 ----- 25 ADDBC 26 ------ 30 AAAAC
31 ------ 35 CABAB 36 ----- 40 DCBAB 41 ------ 45 CABCA
46 ------ 50 DBDCD 51 ----- 55 CABAB 56 ------ 60 CBCCB