Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage 教案

外研版高二英语顺序《选修七》
Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage
模块教案
总 负 责：李 琴
参与人员：高二英语组全体组员
（李 琴 冯 涛 郝焕胜 李红梅 李 瑾
肖 琴 殷法林 党银亮 周 劲）
编写时间：二〇〇九年三月二十四日星期二
延安市延长中学高二英语组 邮编:717100 电话:13892129550
延长县中学教师教案编写首页
科目：English 教师: 编号：
课 题： The World’s Cultural Heritage 所属章节：Module 6 Book 7
授课班级： 授课时间：2009年 4 月 日 备课组长：D
教案共计 页 教案完成时间：2009年 3 月 23日 课时数：9
教 案 编 写 内 容
教学目的： 1. To Provide the Ss with the opportunity to talk about “The World’s Cultural Heritage” and let the Ss know the information about The World’s Cultural Heritage.2. To learn to deal with language difficulties in communication. 3. To Encourage Ss to think and talk in English through communicative tasks and provide Ss with chances of cooperation. 4. To Improve the Ss’ ability of reading comprehension6. Encourage the Ss to grasp the grammatical items7. To improve the Ss reading, listening, speaking and writing abilities.
教学重点：1. To improve the Ss reading, listening, speaking and writing abilities.2. Try to grasp the grammatical items.
教学难点及突破方法：How to make the students understand the reading passage better.
教学方法与教具：Task-based；Student-centered；Question-based1. Discussion before reading to make the students interested in what they will learn.2. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.3. Question-based method while careful reading can help students understand what they’ve learned better.4. Careful reading to get the detailed information in the text and the multimedia the blackboard
备注：Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage
教学设计说明
话题介绍 本模块的主题是“周口店北京人遗址”。周口店是位于北京西南约五十公里的一个小村庄。上世纪20年代考古学家在那里发现了史前的人类遗骨，这一发现改变了人们对中国历史的认识。那是一类未知人种的遗骨，是千万年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。1987年12月，周口店被列为世界文化遗产。它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，而且为我们提供了人类进化历程的证据。
Period 1 Introduction 本模块介绍的是“世界文化遗产”，让我们了解世界文明，珍爱文化遗产
Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary 通过阅读文章 The Amazing Caves of Zhoukoudian的学习,引出世界文化遗产这一中心话题。随后介绍了北京文化遗址处于危险中，要求我们注意保护人类文化遗址。在阅读的过程中，能正确理解阅读文章；能正确理解并运用过去分词做状语；在阅读中根据文字表面意思对其深层含义做出正确合理的推断。
Period 3 Grammar(1) 本模块的语法项目主要学习虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的难度主要体现在动词时态的变化上，所以在讲解的过程中应结合具体的例句说明虚拟语气中动词的时态变化的规律。
Period 4 Reading and Vocabulary(2) 运用本模块所学的词汇，完成书面练习；在书面表达中正确运用even though, even if, as long as, no matter等连词；能够清楚地介绍一种无形文化遗产。
Period 5 Grammar(2) 掌握地点、条件和让步状语从句。
Period 6 Reading Practice 本篇文章词汇量较大，在阅读中首先要解决词汇上的障碍，准确的理解课文。同时了解中国文化遗产保护的现状。
Period 7 Cultural Corner 文章主要介绍了美国的一种尊重老人的做法，在阅读的过程中可以列举中国类似的做法。在阅读中注意识别新的词汇和短语。在英语学习中了解和吸收异域民族文化的精华。
Part One Teaching Design
第一部分 教学设计
Period 1 Introduction
■Goals
To know something about the classical garden in Suzhou
To get some idea about the world heritage list.
To master the usage of the new words
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by discussing the picture.
1. What do you know about Suzhou
2. Where is Suzhou
3. How many people live in Suzhou
4. Why is Suzhou famous
5. Do you know what happened in Suzhou in June 2004
For reference1. Suzhou is in Jiangsu Province, near Shanghai. About six million people live there. It is famous for its classical Chinese gardens.2. The 28th Would Heritage Conference took place there.
Step 2: Look at the words in the box and discuss the questions.
Next open your textbook and turn to page 71. Let us look at the words in the box and then answer the two questions.
1. Which of the items in the list are parts of a country’s cultural heritage
2. Which do you think are the most important items Give your reasons.
For reference1. buildings, museums, paintings, poem, traditions.
Step 3: Important phrases
Let us look at the three phrases and check the meaning of the phrases.
unique natural beauty/ a conference venue/ preserved ancient building
For referenceUnique natural beauty--------it is a beautiful landscape which cannot be found elsewhere A conference venue------------a place where a conference is heldPreserved ancient buildings—buildings which are protected by law and cannot be demolished or changed in any way
Step 4: Reading
Read the passage on page 71 and finish the questions.
For reference1972: The World Heritage Committee established the World Heritage List.1985: China signed the agreement.2003: Suzhou invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the town’s character.2004: The 28th World Heritage Conference took place in Suzhou.
Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary
■Goals
● To get a general idea about Zhoukoudian
● To learn to analyze the text
● To observe and master the usage of the important words and expressions in the passage
■Procedures
Step 1: Revision
First read and try to get familiar with the following words in this text.
prehistoric; remains; archaeologist; primitive; skull; item; existence; relation; limestone; span; fossil; beast; sharpen; excavation; list; evolution;
Step 2: Warming up by discussion
You must know something about Beijing Man and Zhoukoudian. Say as much as you know about it. You can discuss it with your partner.
Step 3: Listening
Listen to the tape of the text and pay attention to the new words.
Step 4: Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
Step 5: While you read
1. Now read the text loudly please. While you are reading the passage please underline the new words and phrases and pay attention to the usage of them.
2. Complete the following form according to the information you’ve got in the text.
site time event effect
For reference
site time event effect
Zhoukoudian50km south-west of Beijing 1920s prehistoric human bones discovered changed China’s knowledge of its history
1929 A complete skull discovered proved the existence of a human species between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago
Eventually 200 items found
on the northern face of Longgushan 4 sites Beijing Man and his relations lived discovered living in limestone caves
alongside the fossils of Beijing Man ashes found the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world
1937 Japan invades China excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped; fossils disappeared, never found later
1949 PRC established excavations starting again, Zhoukoudian becoming tourist attraction
Dec, 1987 listed as a world heritage site giving important information, providing amazing evidence
3. Say something about the serious situation of Beijing Man Heritage Site. The following diagram may help you more or less.
Beijing Man Heritage Site in Danger
Cave badly affected by rain and exposure to the air;
Some area covered in weeds, serious damage;
pollution damage;
extremely expensive to maintain
UNESCO recommended the site closed and repaired or removed from the list
The Chinese Academy of Science trying to call public’s attention;
A fund proposed to be established;
It’s vital something to be done or catastrophe
Step 6: After you read
Next you can finish the practice on page 72.
Activity 1:1.some prehistoric human bone 2.almost 200 items3. four sites 4. fewer than 5%5. Japan invaded China 6. in December 1987Activity 2:1.rain and exposure to the air2.nearby cement factories3.the site should be closed and repaired4.the government and the general publicActivity 3:1. bones 2. discovered 3. evidence 4. tools 5. Pollution 6. species 7. danger 8. encourage
Period 3 Grammar -- Subjunctive
■Goals
● To master the usage of the subjunctive mood
● To consolidate by practising
■Procedures
Step 1: Subjunctive
1. 虚拟语气
英语中动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气，不同的语气用不同的形式来表示。
陈述语气：用来陈述事实，描述状态，有肯定，否定，疑问，或感叹等形式。
如：People don’t hibernate./Are you listening to the radio？
祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等。
如：Sit down, please./ Let me have a try.
虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设，一般用于正式的书面语。
2. 虚拟语气的用法：
1）虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:
1表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:
非真实条件句 主句
动词的过去式 （ be的过去式用were ） would{should, could, might} +动词原形
We would go with you if we had time.
If I were you, I would consider their plan.
If I knew this telephone number, I would ring him up.
注意: should 多用于第一人称后。在非正式场合中，特别是在口语中，第一、二人称中单数现在用was的也不少。
If he was here, we could ask him.
2表示和过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
非真实条件句 主句
had+过去分词 would{should, could, might} +have done
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
If you had come earlier, you might have met him.
If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.
If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.
You wouldn’t have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.
3表示和将来事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：

非真实条件句 主句
should /were to+ 动词原形动词的过去时 would{should, could, might} +动词原形
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn’t go out.
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
If he got there this afternoon, he would buy a map of the city.
If I should be asked/were asked /were to be asked to go, I’d certainly go.
特别注意：
1. 如非真实条件句的谓语含有系动词were或助动词had或should等词，可将if省 略，而把were，had或should 放在主语之前，变为虚拟倒装句，这和带有if的虚拟条件从句所表示的含义完全相同。
If I were you, I would get up early every morning. →
Were I you, I would get up early every morning.
Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
Should there be a flood, what should we do
Were they here now, they could help us.
2. if 虚拟句的省略。
Given enough money, we could have done it much better.
3.有时用介词短语代替虚拟语气的条件句。
Fish can’t live without water. 没有水，鱼就不能活。
4.if only 要是，只要，但愿
If only we could see each other once! 但愿我们能相见一次!
If only I had listened to his advice! 我要是听了他的劝告就好了！
5.虚拟语气的混合条件句：即条件从句和主句时态不一致。
“If I had missed” said William Tell, “and had shot too low, I was going to use this arrow on you.”
If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the question now.
2) 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法:
I. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
1. wish+that 从句，表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词所表示的动作表示的只是一种不能实现的愿望、要求。其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下表所述：

用 法 形 式 例 句
表示对现在情况的虚拟 wish+从句主语+动词过去式或were I wish I knew something about programming.I wish I were as strong as you.
表示对现在进行情况的虚拟 wish+从句主语+ were doing I wish I were sleeping.I wish it weren’t raining.
表示对过去情况的虚拟 wish+从句主语+had+过去分词 She said something unpleasant. She wishes she hadn’t said it.I wish he had got there ahead of time.
表示对将来情况的虚拟 wish+从句主语+would+动词原形 I wish he would get younger and younger.I wish he would be more careful.

注意：表示对现在情况的虚拟时，从句的时态不根据前面谓语动词的时态变化而变化，而是依据从句的实际情况，可以表示和现在事实相反，也可以表示和当时事实相反。
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
Yesterday when the teacher asked me the question, I couldn’t answer it. Then I wished I knew the answer.
2. 在suggest （建议）、demand（要求）、order（命令）、insist （坚持）、request （请求）、desire （要求）、recommend （建议、推荐）、propose（建议、提议）、require （要求）等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词形式通常用动词原形（美通用）或“should＋动词原形”（英国通用）引导虚拟语气，其基本句式为：
（should） do …
主语+ suggest/suggested….. that sb. （should） be done…
（should） not do …
I suggested that we should form a spare time study group.
I demand that he answer me at once.
Doctor Li insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
Mr. Wang ordered that we（should） start out immediately.
特别注意：
1. suggest 作“暗示”，“说明”解时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
如：His accent suggests that he comes from Shanghai.
2. insist 表坚持的是事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气
如：He insisted that we （should） discuss the question at once. （虚拟）
He insisted that he had finished his homework and handed it in. （事实）
3. had hoped +that 从句 这种句型表示一种过去未实现的愿望, 从句谓语动词要用“would＋动词原形”。
如：I had hoped that Jane would become a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.
Mike had hoped that his father would answer his letter.
II. 虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法：
在It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/ordered/proposed/requested/decided/a pity…＋主语从句 的结构中，that引导的主语从句常用虚拟语气，用should + do或should＋have done形式。
It’s necessary that he should go there at once.
It’s strange that she should have failed in the exam.
It’s a great pity that he should be so proud.
It's requested that Comrade Li should sing a song.
It’s necessary that you should clean the office after work.
It’s very important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.
It’s strange that he should have left without saying goodbye.
在suggestion, order, plan, idea 等后的表语从句、同位语从句用虚拟语气。
My suggestion is that we should go there on Sunday.
My idea is that we should send a comrade to help him.
His order that we finish the work in half an hour is hard to accept.
III. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法：
1. as if （though ）引起的状语从句（谓语形式与wish 后的宾语从句谓语形式相同）。
The boy talks as if he were a man.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied English in England.
He spoke to me loudly as if I were deaf.
as if 也可引导表语从句，放在seem，look 等系动词后，如果是可以实现的事，也可用陈述语气．
It seems as if it were /was spring already.
It looks as if it were going to rain.
He looks as if he were ill.
2. 由in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常用may/might/can/could＋动词原形，来表示虚拟语气。
Let’s hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them.
I live so that others may live better .自己活着为的是使别人活得更好．
She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her mother.
She took a taxi so that she could get there in time.
IV. 使用虚拟语气常见的其它句型:
1、“would rather ”与“had rather”表希望，后跟从句用虚拟语气，一般用动词的过去时态。
I would rather you didn’t trouble him.
I would rather we played basketball.
I would rather you came tomorrow.
2、It is/was time （high time）+主语+ 动词过去式/should（不能省略）+动词原形。表示该干什么了，而没有干。
It’s time you went to bed.
It’s time she washed that dress.
－I’m getting tired.
－it’s time we went home. 我累了我们该回家了。
It’s time you should have a class.
Step 2: 巩固练习
1. The manager’s suggestion was that the meeting __off still next week.
A. be put B. to put C. should put D. be putting
2. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV.
A. did B. shall do C. do D. have done
3. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the villages struck by the tsunami soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
4. They requested that he ____ on the radio.
A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D. would speak
5. It is important that we ____wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
6. He is talking too much about America as if he ____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. were
7. Mother insisted that the child’s hands ____before dinner.
A. should wash B. be washed C. would wash D. had washed
8. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
9. ____ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.
A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Was I
10. You look so tired tonight. It’s time you ____.
A. go to sheep B. went to bed C. go to bed D. will go to bed
11. ____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received
12. He smiled as if he ____my thought.
A. had read B. was reading C. read D. has read
13. We ____ the work on the time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. couldn’t have finished C. didn’t have finished D. can’t have finished
14. ----Have you ever been to Beijing
----No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
15. ----He is a very brave man.
----Yes, I wish I ____ his courage.
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
Keys: 1-5ACCCB 6-10 ABCBB 11-15 CABDB
Step 3: Practice in the textbook
Next let us finish the practice in the textbook.
Activity 2: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)
Activity 3:
1. The professor demanded that the government do something about it.
2. UNESCO insisted that the site be repaired as it was very serious.
3. The Academy proposed that the general public get involved.
4. The professor requested that I give them some money.
5. Someone from the Academy suggested that a fund be started to raise money.
Period 4 Reading and Vocabulary(2)
■Goals
● To know some information about the present situation of the world heritage
● To master the important words and phrases
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by discussion.
We have known something about the world’s cultural heritage. And China has done excellent work in protecting world heritage. But do you know that the world heritage includes tangible heritage and intangible heritage What is the tangible heritage What is the intangible heritage You can discuss the questions with your partner.
If you want to know the answers, let’s start to learn the passage.
Step 2: Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling. Now let us read the words together.
Step 3: While you read
While you are reading the passage underline the new words and phrase, pay attention to the usage of them.
Step 4: After you read
Turn to page 78, and finish activity 1.
For reference1. “Tangible” (=“touchable”) heritage consists of buildings and objects such as paintings; “Intangible” (=“untouchable”) heritage means traditional songs and poems, people who can perform traditional works, languages and music.2. Story-telling (dance, music, games, customs) –things which are passed on orally from one generation to the next.3. People who know the traditional songs, poems, games, etc.4. When it is spoken by only a few old people and is not taught to the young.5. Kunqu opera.
Period 5 Grammar(2)--Adverbial clauses of Place, Condition and Concession
■Goal
To learn the adverbial clauses of place, condition and concession
■Procedures
Step 1: adverbial clauses of place, condition and concession
状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、原因、条件、让步、地点、目的、结果、方式、比较等九种。本单元主要熟悉掌握地点、条件和让步状语从句。
1.地点状语从句
1）地点状语从句常由where和wherever引导，通常可置于主句之前或之后。。
I found the books where I left them.
Make a mark where you have any questions.
We should go where(ver) we are most needed.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is water, there is life.
2）where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句常可转换，判断它属于哪类从句的关键是看where前面有没有被修饰的、表示地点的先行词。试比较：
Stand where you are! （状语从句）
Stand at the place where you are! （定语从句）
Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy. （状语从句）
Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy. （定语从句）
2.条件状语从句
条件句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句在虚拟语气中有详细表述，这里只讨论真实条件句。引导条件句常用的有if, unless, as(so) long as, in case等，when, once, suppose (that) 或supposing (that)，on condition that 也可引导表示条件的从句。条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，表示将来要用一般现在时。例如：
The bell is rung if there is a fire.
We won’t let you in unless you show your pass.
You may use my bike as/so long as you return it before Friday.
In case anything important happens, please call me up.
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong.
Once you taste the noodles, you’ll never forget their delicious flavour.
Suppose/Supposing (that) you fail again this time, what will you do
He agreed to lend him the money on condition that he paid back three times more money in three months’ time.
3.让步状语从句
1）通常由though, although, even/though引导，主句中不能用but，但可用yet。如：
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
Although/though he is quite old, (yet) he still tries to learn more.
I’ll try to finish the work myself even if/though it takes me days.
2）whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引导状语从句时，分别相当于no matter what/who/which/when/where/how引导的从句，意为“无论……”。例如：
Whatever/No matter what he said, no one believed him.
Whoever/No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.
Whichever/No matter which job you take, you should try to do well in it.
Whenever/No matter when I need his help, he comes immediately.
Wherever/No matter where you go, never forget your motherland.
However/No matter how busy he was, he would watch TV sports news every night.
注意whatever, whoever, whichever又可引导名词性从句，注意区别。可参阅本章第一节。
3）as引导让步状语从句要倒装，其结构通常是“n./adj./adv. + as + 主语+谓语(+其它成分)，主句”，可转换成though/although从句。
Child as he is, he knows a lot. （注意：名词前不用冠词）
=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Difficult as the task was, they managed to finish it in time.
=Although/Though the task was difficult, they managed to finish it in time.
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
=Although/Though I like it much, I will not buy it.
偶尔也可见用动词提前的让步状语从句。例如：
Try as he may, he can hardly do better than she.
=Although/Though he may try, he can hardly do better than she.
4）whether…or也可引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter whether…or”。
Whether you come in winter or in summer, you will find it a nice place.
=No matter whether you come in winter or in summer, you will find it a nice place.
Step 2: 高考链接
1. ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2006全国I)
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although
2. ____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006北京)
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
3. If you are travelling ____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. (2006天津)
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
4. In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (2006重庆)
A. whether B. until C. if D. unless
5. ---Mom, what did your doctor say (2006四川)
---He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher.
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
6. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. ____, their political influence should be very great. (2006广东)
A. Even so B. As a result C. So far D. As usual
7. My parents were quarrelling about me ____ I could not quite tell why. (2006上海)
A. since B. though C. if D. until
8. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ____ there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
9. We won’t keep winning games ____ we keep playing well. (2006浙江)
A. because B. unless C. when D. while
10. After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre. (1997全国)
A. that B. where C. which D. when
Keys: 1-5 DADCD 6-9ABDBB
Period 6 Reading Practice
■Goals
● To know about the Chinese cultural heritage bid for UNESCO
● To master the important words and phrases
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by discussion
Last period we have learned the differences between “tangible” and “intangible” world heritage Can you still remember it Look at the list of China’s cultural heritage. Which items are examples of tangible cultural heritage, and which ones are examples of intangible cultural heritage
Kunqu Opera; the Great Wall; the Forbidden City; Chen-style Tai Chi; Mogao Caves at Dunhuang; the Qin Terracotta; Warriors and Horses; Guqin Music; Confucius Temple at Qufu; Shaolin Kung fu
OK, you can discuss with your partner.
For referenceTangible: the Great Wall; the Forbidden City; Mogao Caves at Dunhuang; the Qin Terracotta; Warriors and Horses; Confucius Temple at QufuIntangible: Kunqu opera; Chen-style Tai Chi; Guqin Music; Shaolin Kung fu
Step 2: Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
Step 3: While you read
While you are reading the passage underline the new words and phrases, pay attention to the usage of them.
Step 4: After you read
Let us look at the questions in activity 2 and answer the questions.
For reference1. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mid-Autumn Festival2. Shaolin Kung fu, the world’s longest epic poem of Tibetan King Gesser and Chen-style Tai Chi
Activity 3. Decide which sentence does NOT refer to the main idea of the passage.
Keys: 1.
Activity 4. Choose the best answers.
For reference1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d)
Activity 5. Complete the sentences in your own words.
For reference1.…it’s an ancient tradition.2.…it helps to unite Chinese people all over the world.3.…may take it off the list of World Heritage Sites.4.…cultural diplomacy and knowledge of UNESCO’s system.
Period 7 Cultural Corner
■Goals
● To know about the living treasures program in New Mexico in USA
● To master the important words and phrases
■Procedures
Step 1: Warming up by discussion
As we all know, in each country there are many old men or women. And of course in the future we will be old men or women. As far as you know, what has the government done for the old in China Please discuss the question with your partner.
So now you have known the situation of the old in our country. Today we will learn the situation in New Mexico in USA.
Step 2: Before you read
Before you read the passage turn to page 83 and read the three questions.
1. How does the Living Treasures Program work
2. Do you think it’s a good idea
3. Have you heard of a similar program in China
Step 3: While you read
While you are reading the passage you can compare the similarities and differences between the old in China and in New Mexico in USA.
Step 4: After you read
Tell which statements are true or false.
1. The Living Treasure Program is only carried out in the state of New Mexico.
2. The Living Treasure Program is also carried out in Japan.
3. Twice a year three older New Mexicans are asked to write down their life stories.
4. The living treasures are all very important people in the town.
5. The living treasures are honoured because they have made contributions to the protection of their culture.
Keys: True: 5 False: 1, 2, 3, 4
Now you can tell me the answers to the three questions.
1. How does the Living Treasures Program work
2. Do you think it’s a good idea
3. Have you heard of a similar program in China
For reference1. Old members of the community are selected to be celebrated by the town. They are filmed, recorded and photographed, and these things are displayed as reference for everyone.
Part Two Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 1 Background Readings for Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage
1. Conkers:
（英国的）康克戏（一种儿童游戏，双方各用绳子系住一个七叶树果，以击破对方的七叶树果为胜）
Playing conkers is a British game which is centuries old. In the autumn, boys collect the fallen nuts of the Horse Chestnut tree, which are large, round and brown and commonly known as conkers. They make a hole in the middle of each nut from top to bottom and thread a piece of string through it, knotting it underneath. They then find a partner who has a conker and play the game like this: Boy A takes his conker string at the top and holds it at arm’s length, so that the conker dangles down free at the other end of the string; Boy B then tried to hit this conker with his, with the arm of breaking it. When B has had his turn, he holds his conker out and Boy A tries to hit his conker. This continues until one of the conkers is broken. The first time a new conker breaks another conker it becomes a “oner”, and if it goes on to break others it becomes a “twoer”, a “threer” and so on. Children are very proud of conkers that break many others. The conker “season” is from the end of September on into October, when the horse chestnuts fall from the trees. School playgrounds are often covered with broken conkers, as many pairs of boys play the game. Playing conkers is an important part of British intangible cultural heritage which has been passed down orally from generation to generation.
2. Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic(盖尔语) is one of the languages in the Celtic branch of Indo-European family. It was introduced into Scotland from Ireland around 500AD. By the 11th Century, it was the dominant language throughout Scotland, but since then has been declining, due to the influence of England and the English.
In the 2001 Census, the population of Scotland was 5,062,011; of these 4,968,729 people said they had no knowledge of Gaelic, and only 31,235 said they could speak, read and write Gaelic, while a further 27,415 said they could speak but not read or write it, and 7.413 other people said they could do one of the other skills.
There was a decline in Gaelic speakers from 1991(65,978) to 2001 (58,652). This decline was particularly noticeable in the traditional heartlands of the Gaidhealtachd (Gaelic-speaking area) in the northwestern parts of Scotland. This was also connected with loss of population in general from remote island areas to the cities.
The Scottish government has been trying to do something about the death of Gaelic. In July 2005, they brought in a Gaelic Language Act, rather along the lines of that introduced in Wales 20 years before. They have been particularly concerned with education, and have been having some success. In 1985 there were only 20 children in Gaelic immersion schools in Glasgow and Inverness. In 2005, there were 2008 children being taught through Gaelic in 61 primary schools, 307 in 18 secondary schools and 638 in 60 pre-schools in a range of Scottish cities. Scotland’s only all-Gaelic primary school will have 200 pupils in 2005-2006.
The main TV channel is reducing its Gaelic programmes from 26 hours to 6 hours a year. The government, however, says it must contribute $ 1-1.5 million towards new Gaelic digital TV channel.
The Scottish government is looking at the success of programmes in Ireland (1926:500,000 speakers-2005:1.5 million speakers of Irish Gaelic), Wales (an, 80.000 increase in Welsh speakers in the past 10years) and Catalunya in Spain.
3. Zhou Koudian – Home of Peking Man
In December, a Chinese paleoanthropologist named Pei Wenzhong discovered a complete skull of “Peking Man” on Dragon Bone Hill northwest of Zhoukoudian, in the southwest suburbs of Beijing. Later, archaeologists unearthed 40-odd individually fossilized skeletons of “Peking Man”, male, female, old and young, all at the same place. Zhoukoudian, therefore, became the most common site for human remains with the most abundant fossils in the world from the same period. The discovery pushed the history of Beijing’s civilization back to some 600,000 years. These fossils remains prove that “Peking Man” was primitive man in an evolutionary process from ancient ape to modern man, and is the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Inside the 140-meter Peking Man Cave, stratum accumulation was of a depth of40 meters. The inhabitants spanning more than 300,000 years left their remains, stone tools and traces of fire here. On Dragon Bone Hill were also found fossilized remains of Upper Cave Man, who lived 18,000 years ago, as well as sites of New Cave Man, who lived 18,000 years ago, as well as sites of New Cave Man, who lived between Peking Man and Upper Cave Man.
In 1987, the Zhoukoudian caves were listed as one of the world cultural heritage sites.
4. 1）世界文化遗产
■长城The Great Wall 1987 ■明清皇宫（北京故宫、沈阳故宫）Imperial Palace 1987
■泰山Mount Taishan 1987 ■莫高窟Mogao Caves 1987■秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor1987
■周口店北京人遗址Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian 1987 ■黄山 Mount Huangshan 1990
■承德避暑山庄及周围庙宇 Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde 1994
■曲阜孔庙孔林孔府 Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu 1994
■武当山古建筑群 Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains 1994
■拉萨布达拉宫历史建筑群 Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa 1994
■庐山国家公园 Lushan National Park 1996
■峨嵋山风景名胜区(包括乐山大佛) Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area 1996 ■平遥古城 Ancient City of Ping Yao 1997
■苏州古典园林 Classical Gardens of Suzhou 1997
■丽江古城 Old Town of Lijiang 1997
■颐和园 Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing 1998
■北京天坛 Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing 1998
■武夷山 Mount Wuyi 1999
■大足石刻 Dazu Rock Carvings 1999
■青城山—都江堰 Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System 2000
■皖南古城：西递和宏村 Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun 2000
■龙门石窟 Longmen Grottoes 2000
■明清皇家陵寝 Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 2000
■云冈石窟 Yungang Grottoes 2001
■云南保护区的「三江并流」Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas 2003
■古代高句丽王国的王城及王陵 Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom 2004
■澳门历史城区 The Historic Centre of Macao 2005
■中国安阳殷墟 2006
2）世界自然遗产
九寨沟（Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area ( http: / / wh.org / whyc / enzjg.htm )），黄龙（Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area ( http: / / wh.org / whyc / enhl.htm )），武陵源（Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area ( http: / / wh.org / dbj / enwly.htm )），三江并流（Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas），四川大熊猫栖息地
3）世界文化与自然遗产
泰山（Mount Taishan），黄山（Mount Huangshan ( http: / / wh.org / whyc / enhs.htm )），峨眉山-乐山大佛（Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area），武夷山（Mount Wuyi）
4）文化景观
庐山（Lushan National Park ( http: / / wh.org / ems / enls1.htm )）
5）人类口述和非物质遗产代表作
昆曲（Kunqu Opera），古琴 (Guqin Music)
Section 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences from Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage
1. Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. 活到50岁的人不到5%。
to在这里表示达到某种程度，意思是“到”
动词+to的常见短语：
动词+ toadjust to适应，attend to处理；照料，agree to赞同，amount to加起来达…，belong to属于， come to达到，drink to为…干杯，get to到达，happen to发生在某人身上，hold to紧握，lead to通向，listen to听，occur to想起，object to反对，point to指向，respond to回答，refer to参考；指的是…；涉及，reply to回答，see to负责，stick to坚持，turn to求助，write to给某人写信动词（+sth.）+to+sb.announce to通知某人，describe to向某人描述，explain to向某人解释，express to对某人表达，mention to提及，nod to向某人点头，report to报告，say to告知，shout to对某人大叫，suggest to对某人提建议，speak to与某人交谈，talk to跟某人谈话，whisper to和某人低声耳语动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加，compare to比作，carry to运送至，devote to致力于，introduce to介绍给，invite to邀请参加，join to连接到，leave to委托给，reduce to下降至，sentence to判处，take to带到
2. They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired. 该组织提议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。
该句中采用虚拟语气，be前省略了should，文中还有类似的句子，“They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem.” “A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.” “We have requested that the government get involved, but we also need assistance from ordinary people.”
下面就本课的虚拟语气结合以上这些句子来学习虚拟语气的运用。
虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；
表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；
表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形，should可以省略。如：
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.
It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：
It is pity that you can’t swim.
虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter. It’s high time we were going.
(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：
If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：
Would you like a cup of tea I would rather not tell you.
高考链接1. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____ put forward are turned down. (2006福建) A. could B. would C. / D. had2. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995全国)A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken4. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. (1996全国)A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got5. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (2000上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie6. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall7. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice. (2003上海春)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow8. -- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York -- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. ( 2005江苏)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what9. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ which is too cold for us to live on.(1997上海)A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly10. The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.(1993上海) A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had beenKeys: 1-5 CBCDC 6-8 BCBAD
3．They are a precious part of our cultural heritage – it is of vital importance that we do something. 它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分—因此我们采取行动就显得尤为重要。
of vital importance=very important
“of+抽象名词”相当于该名词相应的形容词。不过，这种结构常用于较正式的场合，书面语中尤为常见。再看下面几个句子：This book will be of great value to him in his students. (=Be very valuable)The book is of much interest. (=Be very interesting)“be of +名词”还可以表达以下几种意义：1、表示“具有，具备”，如：Her story is of some colours of the truth. 她的故事有点真实感The Party’s 16th congress is of epoch making significance.党的十六大具有划时代的意义。2、表示“属于”，如：The products are of first-rate quality.这些产品的质量是属于第一流的。3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“类别”等，如The Americans are of almost all colures and races.美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。His whole life was of best glory.她的一生是非常光荣的。4. 这种结构还可表示“年龄”.“出身”“等级”等，例：We are of the same age. 我们年龄相同。He was of noble birth and high rank. 他出身于高贵门庭。需要提及的是，“be of + 名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法：“be of no + 名词”。例如：He is of no colour, for he has been ill for two weeks. 他毫无血色，因为他患疾两周了。As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no point. 就学习英语而言，他所讲的并未切中要害。
4. UNESCO’s agenda for the world’s tangible and intangible heritage is also to act as a warning system for sites which are at the mercy of redevelopment, pollution or even …
at the mercy of (powerless against)
to be in a situation where someone or something has complete power over you: “任凭……摆布”“在……面前无能为力”
Poor people are increasingly at the mercy of money-lenders.
Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
Section 3 Words and Expressions from
Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage
agreement n.
1 when people have the same opinion, or when they approve of or accept sth.:
The whole family was in agreement with her about/on what they should do.
If the three parties cannot reach agreement now, there will be a civil war.
I don’t think you’ll ever get Tony’s agreement to these proposals.
[+ that] There’s widespread agreement that the law should be changed.
2 a decision or arrangement, often formal and written, between two or more groups or people:
The dispute was settled by an agreement that satisfied both sides.
The government has entered into/signed an international arms-control agreement.
They have broken (the terms of) the agreement on human rights.
Finally the two sides have reached an agreement.
In the sentence “Kate was brushing her hair”, “Kate” and “her” are in agreement (= they are correctly expressed according to the rules of grammar).
invest v.
to give money to a company, business, or bank, in order to get a profit
John invested $700 million into the video studio.
I’ve invested a lot of time and effort into the project; I don’t want it to fail.
Jenny has invested heavily into the bond market.
divert v.
1 to cause sth. or someone to change direction:
Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.
Our flight had to be diverted to Stansted because of the storm.
2 to use something for a different purpose:
Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railways
diversion n.
1 [C] UK (US detour) a different route that is used because a road is closed:
Traffic diversions will be kept to a minimum throughout the festival.
2 [C or U] when sth. is sent somewhere different from where it was originally intended to go:
the diversion of money to other projects
sharpen v.
1 to make sth. stronger:
Recent changes have sharpened competition between the airlines.
The prison riots have sharpened the debate about how prisons should be run.
Sharpen all your pencils before the test.
The light grew brighter and the shadow sharpened.
2 to improve:
These latest moves have sharpened fears of a military conflict.
I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer skills.
evolution n.
the way in which living things change and develop over millions of years, or a gradual process of change and development:
Darwin’s theory of evolution
the evolution of language
exposure n.
when sth. bad that someone has done is made public:
The exposure of the minister’s love affair forced him to resign.
Skin cancer can be caused by prolonged exposure to the sun.
The failure of their marriage has received a lot of exposure in the press recently.
We nearly died of exposure on the mountainside.
contribute v.
1 to give sth., especially money, in order to provide or achieve sth. together with other people:
Aren’t you going to contribute towards Jack’s leaving present
Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute.
Her family have contributed 50, 000 to the fund.
Most people contributed money to the church building
The volunteers contributed huge amounts of their time to the project.
2 to write articles for a newspaper, magazine or book:
She contributes to several magazines.
endanger v.
to put someone or sth. at risk or in danger of being harmed, damaged or destroyed:
He would never do anything to endanger the lives of his children.
We must be careful not to do anything that might endanger the economic recovery.
Smoking during pregnancy can endanger your body’s health.
If unemployment continues to rise, the social stability may be endangered.
recommend v.
to suggest that sb.or sth. would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done:
I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce – it’s delicious.
She has been recommended for promotion.
The headmistress agreed to recommend the teachers’ proposals to the school governors.
[+ (that)] The doctor recommended (that) I take more exercise.
[+ ing form of verb] I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.
The city has much/little to recommend it (= It has a lot of/few pleasant qualities).
Graham’s father strongly recommends sending the children to hospital immediately.
The hotel manager recommends that we should eat fish today.
The teacher recommends the dictionary to us.
propose v.
1 [T] to offer or state a possible plan or action for other people to consider:
[+ that] I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any expenditure.
[+ ing form of verb] He proposed dealing directly with the suppliers.
She proposed a boycott of the meeting.
He proposed a motion that the chairman resign.
2 [T] to suggest someone for a position or for membership of an organization:
To be nominated for union president you need one person to propose you and another to second you.
3 [I] to ask someone to marry you:
I remember the night your father proposed to me.
catastrophe n.
1 a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction:
They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.
The earthquake is really a catastrophe to the local people.
It is a catastrophe to the family that the father died in the traffic accident.
2 a bad situation:
The emigration of scientists is a catastrophe for the country.
estimate
n. a guess of what the size, value, amount, cost, etc. of sth. might be:
The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with an initial estimate of between 50 and 100.
We’ll accept the lowest of three estimates for the building work.
a conservative (= low) estimate
a rough (= not exact) estimate
v. to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of sth.:
Government sources estimate a long-term 50% increase in rail fares.
[+ (that)] They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks.
[+ question word] It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed.
request
n. 1 [C or U] when you politely or officially ask for sth.:
They received hundreds of requests for more information.
[+ to infinitive] The boss refused our request to leave work early.
The clause was added to the contract at Carlos’s request (= because Carlos asked for this).
An application form will be sent to you on request (= if you ask).
2 [C] a song or similar item which someone has asked to be included in a show or on the radio:
The next song is a request from/for Roz in Totteridge.
v. [+ that] We requested that the next meeting be held on a Friday.
[+ object + to infinitive] Visitors are requested not to walk on the grass.
I requested a taxi for 8 o’clock.
marvelous adj.
extremely good:
He’s done a marvellous job of the decorating.
It took me ages to get it right, but it was a marvellous feeling when I did.
It’s marvellous how everyone’s tried to help.
He was a truly marvellous storyteller.
We’ve achieved some marvellous results with this new drug.
It is marvelous to receive your letter.
It sounds like a marvelous idea.
tangible adj.
real or not imaginary; able to be shown, touched or experienced:
We need tangible evidence if we’re going to take legal action.
Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.
enlarge v.
1 [I or T] to become bigger or to make something bigger:
They’ve enlarged the kitchen by building over part of the garden.
Symptoms of the disease include an enlarged spleen or liver.
2 [T] to print a bigger copy of a photograph or document
discriminate v.
to treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, religion, sex, etc:
She felt she had been discriminated against because of her age.
In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee decided to discriminate in favour of women for three years.
discrimination n.
racial/sex discrimination
Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the examinations, but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing.
practitioner n.
someone involved in a skilled job or activity:
Elizabeth Quan is a London-based practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine.
She was a medical practitioner (= a doctor) before she entered politics.
advocate v.
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing sth.:
[+ ing form of verb] She advocates taking a more long-term view.
He advocates the return of capital punishment.
compromise n.
an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree:
It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today’s talks.
In a compromise between management and unions, a 4% pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in productivity.
The government has said that there will be no compromise with terrorists.
compromise v.
to accept that you will reduce your demands or change your opinion in order to reach an agreement with someone:
Party unity is threatened when members will not compromise.
Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so let's compromise at/on $350.
subjective adj.
influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts:
I think my husband is the most handsome man in the world, but I realize my judgment is rather subjective.
More specific and less subjective criteria should be used in selecting people for promotion within the company.
honour
v. to give someone public praise or a reward:
He was honoured with a knighthood.
n. a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:
She received an honour for her services to the community.
He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).
经典时文背诵The Palace MuseumSituated at the heart of Beijing, the Palace Museum is approached through Tiananmen Gate. Immediately to the north of the Palace Museum is Prospect Hill (also called Coal Hill), while on the east and west are Wangfujing and Zhongnanhai neighborhoods. It is a location endowed with cosmic significance by ancient China’s astronomers. Correlating the emperor’s abode (住所), which they considered the pivot (枢轴) of the terrestrial (陆地) world, with the Pole Star, which they believed to be at the center of the heavens, they called the palace The Purple Forbidden City. The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming emperor Yongle who, upon usurping（篡夺） the throne, determined to move his capital north from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1911 the Qing dynasty fell to the republican revolutionaries. The last emperor, Puyi, continued to live in the palace after his abdication until he was expelled (驱逐) in 1924. Twenty-four emperors lived and ruled from this palace during this 500-year span.
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