中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿—动词不定式

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中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿
第十一章 动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。（但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
第一节 知识点概述
一、动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
动词不定式是一种非限定动词to “to +动词原形”构成动词不定式也是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1. 作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy.
或 It is not easy to learn English well.
动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for
It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.
2. 作表语
My wish is to become a teacher.
3. 作宾语
Most of us like to watch football matches.
4. 作宾语补足语
He told me to be here on time.
5. 作定语
I have nothing to say about that thing.
6. 作状语
He stopped to have a look.
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形构成
例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
（不定式作宾语）
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
（不定式作主语）
(3) The question is when to go there.
（不定式作表语）
二、动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，有不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1． 一般式to do
例如：I like to read English.
2． 进行式to be doing
例如：He seems to be reading something at that time.
3． 完成式to have done
例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4． 被动式to be done
例如：The work is to be done soon.
5． 完成的被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
第二节 实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 ________ is one thing, ________ is quite another.
A． To say, to do B． Say, do
C． Said, did D． To say, do
答案： A
提示： 用动词不定式作主语。
例2 I’ll try ________ the same mistakes again.
A． to not make B． not make
C． not to make D． not making
答案： C
提示： 动词不定式的否定形式为not to + 动词原形 “try not to do sth.”意思为“尽力不做某事”。
例3 It’s too hard ________ it by himself.
A． not to do B． to do
C． that I do D． doing
答案： B
提示： “too … to”是太 …… 而不能的意思。
例4 I have nothing ___________ (send) you.
答案： to send
提示： 不定式短语to send you在这里做定语修饰nothing
例5 They were made ___________ (work) ten hours a day.
答案： to work
提示： 在主动语态中make要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中make后的不定式须带to
例6 No one knows what ___________ (do) next.
答案： to do
提示： 动词不定式和疑问词连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作宾语。
二、复习时需要注意的要点
1．动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。例如： saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）
I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）
2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在位于动词之前发生。
例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.
3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。
例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。
例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.
The cinema is said to have been built last year.
第三节 巩固练习
Ⅰ.划出下列动词不定式部分并指出在句中的作用。
1. It is not easy to learn English well.
2. He came to ask a question.
3. He wishes to be a doctor.
4. John likes to go to the cinema once a week.
5. The students are trying to make fast progress.
6. She asked her guests to have some tea.
7. Mother asked me to take my umbrella with me.
8. He had an important meeting to attend.
9. It was too difficult for them to work out the problem.
10. His job at the moment is to organize the school sports meeting.
11. This is a good way to learn English.
12. In order to know more about the workers’ life in England, Marx worked hard at English.
Ⅱ.用括号中的动词适当形式填空
1.We are so glad ________ (hear) the news.
2.I saw him ________ (cross) the road safely and ________ (run) away.
3.You can’t make him ________ (do) what you want.
4.I don’t know where ________ (meet) him.
5.What makes you ________ (think) I’m a farmer
6.Did you see him ________ (go) upstairs
7.It is better ________ (put) your money in a bank.
8.It is difficult for the boy ________ (swim) across the river.
9.I let him ________ (go) early as he wanted ________ (meet) his uncle at the station.
10.Will you help me ________ (move) the bed
11.If he doesn’t know, how ________ (use) the recorder, you’d better ________ (show) him.
12.He is the last one ________ (leave) the office every day.
13.It’s bad manners ________ (shout) in public.
14.The boy is old enough ________ (dress) himself.
15.She is too ill ________ (go) to school.
Ⅲ.选择填空
1.Please remember ________ the door before you leave the room.
A. lock B. locking
C. to lock D. locked
2.The police told the boys ________ on the road.
A. don’t play football B. not to play football
C. not playing football D. don’t to play football
3.The girl is often heard ________ in next room.
A. sing B. to sing
C. sang D. singing
4.He knows ________.
A. what do next B. what to do next
C. what to do it next D. what to do the next
5.He didn’t know ________.
A. how get there B. how to get there
C. where to get there D. when get there
6.We didn’t stop ________ until we reached the end.
A. having a rest B. to have a rest
C. to having a rest D. have a rest
7.It’s not easy for me ________ the work.
A. finishing B. to finishing
C. to finish D. finished
8.Please tell me ________.
A. to choose which B. which to choose
C. which choose the one D. choose to which
9.The traveler was seen ________ a horse.
A. fell from B. fall from
C. felling from D. to fall from
10.We are going to have her ________ with Aunt Wang.
A. to live B. living
C. live D. lived
11.Please give the child a pen ________.
A. to write by B. to write for
C. to write with D. write with
12.The teacher expected all his students ________ harder.
A. studying B. to study
C. studied D. study
13.It is necessary ________ various kinds of food every day.
A. of us to ear B. for us eat
C. of us eat D. for us to eat
14.I would like ________ your new bicycle.
A. to see B. seeing
C. see D. saw
15.It is very hot here. Would you mind ________ the window
A. to open B. opening
C. open D. to opening
Ⅳ.用不定式完成下列句子
1.Have you decided ________（怎样度假）.
2.It is dangerous ________（玩火）.
3.She was the first woman ________（环球飞行的）.
4.The boy was made ________（重复他自己的故事）.
5.The old lady looked at the children ________（穿过马路）.
6.It took me much time ________（算出这些难题）yesterday.
7.The boss made the workers ________（一天工作十小时）.
8.I don’t know ________（在会上说什么）.
9.Can you tell me ________（在哪里能买到这本书）
10.________（在何时何地召开这会议）hasn’t been decided.
答案
I、
1. to learn English well 主语
2. to ask a question 状语
3. to be a doctor 宾语
4. to go to the cinema 宾语
5. to make fast progress 宾语
6. to have some tea 宾补
7. to take my umbrella 宾补
8. to attend 定语
9. to work out the problem 主语
10. to organize the school sports meeting 表语
11. to learn English 主语
12. to know more about the workers’ life in England 状语
II、
1.to hear 2.cross, run 3.do 4.to meet 5.think
6.go 7.to put 8.to swim 9.go, to meet 10.(to) meet
11.to use, show 12.to leave 13.to shout 14.to dress 15.to go
III、
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.B
IV、
1. how to spend your holiday
2. to play with fire
3. to fly around the earth
4. to report his own story
5. to cross the road
6. to work out these difficult problems
7. work ten hours every day
8. what to say at the meeting
9. where to buy this book
10. When and where to hold the meeting
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