中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿—主谓一致

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中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿
第十五章 主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲，处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致
第一节 知识点概述
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：
Learning English is very important.
学习英语是很重要的。
The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.
Both Bob and Tom are my friends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。
例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.
Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数，反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。
例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.
Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.
有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。
例如：My family is a happy one.
My family are watching TV.
三、就近一致
谓语动词的人称单复数和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最临近的一个部分一致。
例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.
There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.
两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。
例如：Neither you nor I am right.
Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.
但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则
例如：Mary as well as Bob is my friend.
第二节 实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 判断改错：Each of them have an apple. A B C DMaths are a difficult subject. A B C DThe football team is playing very hard. A B C DWhat he said are very clear. A B C D
答案： C B B C
提示： （1）have改为has。因为each of做主语，谓语动词用单数。（2）应改为is，因为maths并非复数。（3）is要改为are，这里team表示队员，谓语动词用复数。（4）改为is，what he said是主语从句。谓语动词要用单数。
例2 用所给词的适当形式填空：(1) with my parents __________(be) going to Beijing for summer holiday.(2) Neither I nor he __________(like) football.Five yuan __________(be) enough to pay for a meal.(4) The number of students in our school __________(be) over two thousand.
答案： am, likes, is, is
提示： （1）主语后接with或together with引起的短语时，其人称单复数的概念不变。（2）neither…nor等结构连接主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个一致。（3）表示时间金钱等概念的名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。（4）the number of指……的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1） 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。
例如：His family isn’t large
His family are all fond of music.
（2） 有些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然常有词尾“s”但定义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数
例如：The news is wonderful.
Physics is an interesting subject.
（3） 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。
例如：Five minutes is too short.
Ten dollars is enough.
（4） 主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。
例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.
（5） 主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.
第三节 巩固练习
一、选择填空
1. You and I __________ of the same age.
A. am B. are C. be D. is
2. Three years __________ not a long time.
A. is B. are C. has D. be
3. His family __________ going to have a long journey.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
4. Two hours __________ enough for me to finish the work.
A. is B. are C. have D. were
5. It __________ John and Mike who cleaned the classroom.
A. are B. were C. was D. has been
6. There __________ a lot of waste paper in his desk.
A. has B. is C. are D. have
7. He is one of the children who __________ fond of playing football.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. Everyone in the class __________ very happy.
A. am B. is C. are D. were
9. Half of the money __________ mine.
A. am B. is C. are D. were
10. Not only I but also Fangfang __________ interested in the film.
A. am B. is C. were D. are
11. This pair of glasses __________ me.
A. don’t fit B. doesn’t fit C. fits not D. not fit
12. He or I __________ right.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
13. No news __________ good news.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
14. The police __________ over there.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
15. Neither of the students __________ got their test paper.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
16. Every student and every teacher __________.
A. are going to attend the meeting
B. have attend the meeting
C. has attended the meeting
D. is attended the meeting
17. Half of the workers here __________ under twenty __________.
A. is…years B. are…year old
C. is…years old D. are…years old
18. The number of pages in the dictionary __________ about two thousand.
A. are B. has C. have D. is
19. Nothing but six chairs __________ in the room.
A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
20. Many a student __________ interested in the film.
A. is B. are C. have D. were
二、改错
( ) 1. Do you know when the United States were founded
A B C D
( ) 2. He has made such rapid progresses in learning English that he is able to talk to us in
A B C
English.
D
( ) 3. It was my parents that was watching TV when I came in.
A B C D
( ) 4. There are a pen, a notebook and two books on the desk.
A B C D
( ) 5. Neither he nor I are interested in this book.
A B C D
( ) 6. Either you or your monitor have to attend the League meeting this afternoon.
A B C D
( ) 7. A lot of works has to be finished today.
A B C D
( ) 8. There will be a sport meeting in our school next month.
A B C D
( ) 9. The maths teacher, like many teachers, enjoy listening to music.
A B C D
( ) 10. One and a half apples are left on the table.
A B C D
三、用括号中适当词的形式填空：
1. We ear more __________ (fruit) than they do.
2. The man over there has brown __________ (hair).
3. Which do you like better, __________ (potato) or __________ (tomato)
4. There are three __________ (woman cook) in this hotel.
5. Two __________ (German) came to our school yesterday.
6. The two __________ (thief) broke the table.
7. One hundred __________ (dollar) is equal to about eight hundred __________ (yuan).
8. There are a lot of __________ (people) on the playground.
9. There are five __________ (dictionary) on the bookshelf.
10. __________ (thank) to my teacher’s help, I passed the exam.
四、用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
1. The Chinese people __________(be) a great people.
2. Neither you nor I __________(be) right.
3. Nobody but Tim and Tom __________(be) in the room.
4. Fangfang as well as his friends __________(like) pop songs.
5. On the table __________(stand) two bottles.
6. There __________(come) our headmaster.
7. Li Fang like many girls __________(like) dancing.
8. Every boy and every girl __________(want) to go there.
9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________(be) sea.
10. Seventy percent of the students in our class __________(be) League members.
五、将下列句子译成中文
1. 我们班每个男同学都喜欢下棋。
2. 她的衣服是自己做的。
3. 我们全家人都喜欢体育运动。
4. 在我国，老人们受到很好的照顾。
5. 我们班的人数是50人。
6. 我和你的答案都不正确吗？
7. 他的房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。
8. 一位歌舞演员将来出席我们的会议。
答案
I、
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B
11.B 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.B
II、
1.D (was) 2.B (progress)
3.C (were) 4.A (is)
5.B (am) 6.C (has)
7.B (work) 8.C (sports)
9.B (enjoys) 10.C (is)
III、
1.fruit 2.hair 3.potatoes tomatoes
4.women cooks 5.Germans 6.thieves
7.dollars yuan 8.people
9.dictionaries 10.Thanks
IV、
1.are 2.am 3.is 4.likes 5.stand
6.comes 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.are
V、
1. Each boy in our class likes playing chess.
2. His clothes are made by herself.
3. Our family like sports.
4. In our country, the old are taken good care of.
5. The number of students in our class is fifty.
6. Is neither your answer nor mine correct
7. There is a table and four chairs in his room.
8. A singer and dancer will attend our meeting.
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