中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿—冠词
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中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿
第三章 冠词
冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a和an的基本含义是“一，一个”，表示泛指，不强调数目观念，只表示名词不是特定的；the的基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义
第一节 知识点概述
一、不定冠词
不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音（不是辅音字母）决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。例如：
辅音字母开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man
元音或半元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera
值得注意的是：
1．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。
2．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。
3．如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。
不定冠词的用法如下：
1．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如：
A dictionary is a useful book.
An underground train can start and stop quickly.
2．说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：
This is a book.
He used to be an engineer.
3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：
A boy is waiting for me.
Give me a pen, please.
4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，如：
Behind the house there is a garden.
once a week.
5．用于某些固定词组中，如：
a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
二、定冠词
定冠词的用法如下：
1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：
Open the door, please.
Go and close the window.
2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：
The girl in red is my sister.
The man over there is our English teacher.
The book on the desk is mine.
3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：
Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.
4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如：
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He won the first prize.
The sun rises in the east.
5．用在某些名词化的形容词，过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如：
the rich, the sick, the new , the false
6．用在某些专用名词前， 如：
the Great Wall
the People’s Republic of China
the United Nations
the Netherlands
7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：
the North China Plain
the Rocky Mountains
the Yangtse River
8．在一些用语中，如：
in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
三、不用冠词的情况
1．在不含普通名词或只有一个普通名词专有名词前，如：
China, Beihai Park
2．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前，如：
The letter is from my father.
I have a book in my hand.
3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：
Horses are useful animals.
I like cakes.
4．在节日名称，（称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前。如：
Today is Sunday.
Spring is the best season in the year.
Children’s Day
5．在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：
go to school , be in hospital, be in prison
6．一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:
I like to play basketball.
We have lunch at school.
第二节 实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 There is “h” in word “photo”．
A． a，a B． an，the
C． the，an D． an，an
答案： B
提示： h虽然是辅音字母，但发的音是元音音素开头的，因此要用an，而word 是特指，所以后面要用the。
例2 She is honest girl．
A． an B． a
C． / D． the
答案： A
提示： “honest”中h是不发音的，因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。
例3 He goes to school after breakfast．
A． / B． the
C． an D． a
答案： A
提示： 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。
例4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world
A． The…the…the…the…the…the B． The…the…the…/…the…the
C． /…the…the…the…/…the D． The…/…the…the…the…the
答案： B
提示： the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the，而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，the+序数词+最高级表示第几，而in the world表示在世界上。
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较：
at table 就餐
at the table 坐在桌边
go to school 去上学
go to the school 去这个学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在这家医院
go to prison （违法而）进监狱
go to the prison 到监狱
go to church 做礼拜
go to the church 到教堂
in class 在课堂上
in the class 在班级里
（2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词），意义大不相同，例如：
a little/few 有一点
little/few 几乎没有
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数目
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
out of the question 根本不可能
out of question 没有问题
the most beautiful 最漂亮
most beautiful 非常漂亮
for a moment 片刻
for the moment 暂时
第三节 巩固练习
I. 选择最恰当的答案
1． -Where’s nearest bookstore -There’s one at end of the street.
A． the…an B． a…the
C． the…the D． a…an
2． -What do you think of film “National Treasure” -It’s wonderful film, I think.
A． a…a B． a…the
C． the…the D． The…a
3． S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
4． There is “h” in the word “photo”.
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
5． Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped “m” here.
A． the B． an
C． a D． /
6． He is honest boy.
A． an B． a
C． the D． /
7． He greeted me with “Good morning!” and led me to the doctor’s office.
A． the B． an
C． a D． one
8． Sudan I（苏丹红） is red dye used for colouring oils, shoes, floor polishes and so on.
A． / B． an
C． the D． a
9． Finding corundum（金刚砂） was surprise because it’s the second hardest mineral on Earth
A． / B． an
C． the D． a
10． Tom often plays football after school
A． a…a B． the…the
C． /…/ D． an…an
11． They have lunch at school.
A． a B． the
C． / D． an
12． They went to Nanjing by train.
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
13． Grandpa was in hospital. Father often went to hospital to take care of him.
A． the…the B． the…/
C． a…a D． /…the
14． Five years ago her brother was university students of physics
A． a…the B． an…the
C． an…/ D． a…/
15 She bought _______ camera. It is ______old one.
A . a , a B . the, the C . a, an D . a, X
16_____ People’s Square is located in ____center of Shanghai.
A . The… a B. A…the C . A…a D . The… the
17 It’s very cold. Mother is making ______ fire.
A. a B . the C . X D . an
18 You missed _____ “ h “ in the word “honest”.
A . a B . the C . X D . an
19 There were ______ few people in the street, though it was raining hard.
A . a B . X C . the D . an
20 ___Pacific Ocean is ____ largest ocean in ____ world.
A . A…a…a B . The…the…the
C . The …the…X D . X…the…the
II．选择a或an填入横线内
1 bottle 2 ink bottle 3 umbrella 4 house
5 hour 6 ox 7 “l” 8 one-act play
III. 在需要的地方填入不定冠词，如不需要就填“X”
1. ___ happy life 2. at ___ night 3. ____ Christmas
4. play _____ table tennis 5. _____useful book 6. ____unusual day
7. _____ hour and ____ half 8. by _____ train 9. in _____ time
10. take _____ walk
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿
第三章 冠词
冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a和an的基本含义是“一，一个”，表示泛指，不强调数目观念，只表示名词不是特定的；the的基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义
第一节 知识点概述
一、不定冠词
不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音（不是辅音字母）决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。例如：
辅音字母开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man
元音或半元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera
值得注意的是：
1．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。
2．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。
3．如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。
不定冠词的用法如下：
1．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如：
A dictionary is a useful book.
An underground train can start and stop quickly.
2．说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：
This is a book.
He used to be an engineer.
3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：
A boy is waiting for me.
Give me a pen, please.
4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，如：
Behind the house there is a garden.
once a week.
5．用于某些固定词组中，如：
a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
二、定冠词
定冠词的用法如下：
1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：
Open the door, please.
Go and close the window.
2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：
The girl in red is my sister.
The man over there is our English teacher.
The book on the desk is mine.
3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：
Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.
4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如：
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He won the first prize.
The sun rises in the east.
5．用在某些名词化的形容词，过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如：
the rich, the sick, the new , the false
6．用在某些专用名词前， 如：
the Great Wall
the People’s Republic of China
the United Nations
the Netherlands
7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：
the North China Plain
the Rocky Mountains
the Yangtse River
8．在一些用语中，如：
in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
三、不用冠词的情况
1．在不含普通名词或只有一个普通名词专有名词前，如：
China, Beihai Park
2．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前，如：
The letter is from my father.
I have a book in my hand.
3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：
Horses are useful animals.
I like cakes.
4．在节日名称，（称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前。如：
Today is Sunday.
Spring is the best season in the year.
Children’s Day
5．在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：
go to school , be in hospital, be in prison
6．一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:
I like to play basketball.
We have lunch at school.
第二节 实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 There is “h” in word “photo”．
A． a，a B． an，the
C． the，an D． an，an
答案： B
提示： h虽然是辅音字母，但发的音是元音音素开头的，因此要用an，而word 是特指，所以后面要用the。
例2 She is honest girl．
A． an B． a
C． / D． the
答案： A
提示： “honest”中h是不发音的，因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。
例3 He goes to school after breakfast．
A． / B． the
C． an D． a
答案： A
提示： 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。
例4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world
A． The…the…the…the…the…the B． The…the…the…/…the…the
C． /…the…the…the…/…the D． The…/…the…the…the…the
答案： B
提示： the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the，而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，the+序数词+最高级表示第几，而in the world表示在世界上。
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较：
at table 就餐
at the table 坐在桌边
go to school 去上学
go to the school 去这个学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在这家医院
go to prison （违法而）进监狱
go to the prison 到监狱
go to church 做礼拜
go to the church 到教堂
in class 在课堂上
in the class 在班级里
（2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词），意义大不相同，例如：
a little/few 有一点
little/few 几乎没有
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数目
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
out of the question 根本不可能
out of question 没有问题
the most beautiful 最漂亮
most beautiful 非常漂亮
for a moment 片刻
for the moment 暂时
第三节 巩固练习
I. 选择最恰当的答案
1． -Where’s nearest bookstore -There’s one at end of the street.
A． the…an B． a…the
C． the…the D． a…an
2． -What do you think of film “National Treasure” -It’s wonderful film, I think.
A． a…a B． a…the
C． the…the D． The…a
3． S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
4． There is “h” in the word “photo”.
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
5． Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped “m” here.
A． the B． an
C． a D． /
6． He is honest boy.
A． an B． a
C． the D． /
7． He greeted me with “Good morning!” and led me to the doctor’s office.
A． the B． an
C． a D． one
8． Sudan I（苏丹红） is red dye used for colouring oils, shoes, floor polishes and so on.
A． / B． an
C． the D． a
9． Finding corundum（金刚砂） was surprise because it’s the second hardest mineral on Earth
A． / B． an
C． the D． a
10． Tom often plays football after school
A． a…a B． the…the
C． /…/ D． an…an
11． They have lunch at school.
A． a B． the
C． / D． an
12． They went to Nanjing by train.
A． a B． an
C． the D． /
13． Grandpa was in hospital. Father often went to hospital to take care of him.
A． the…the B． the…/
C． a…a D． /…the
14． Five years ago her brother was university students of physics
A． a…the B． an…the
C． an…/ D． a…/
15 She bought _______ camera. It is ______old one.
A . a , a B . the, the C . a, an D . a, X
16_____ People’s Square is located in ____center of Shanghai.
A . The… a B. A…the C . A…a D . The… the
17 It’s very cold. Mother is making ______ fire.
A. a B . the C . X D . an
18 You missed _____ “ h “ in the word “honest”.
A . a B . the C . X D . an
19 There were ______ few people in the street, though it was raining hard.
A . a B . X C . the D . an
20 ___Pacific Ocean is ____ largest ocean in ____ world.
A . A…a…a B . The…the…the
C . The …the…X D . X…the…the
II．选择a或an填入横线内
1 bottle 2 ink bottle 3 umbrella 4 house
5 hour 6 ox 7 “l” 8 one-act play
III. 在需要的地方填入不定冠词，如不需要就填“X”
1. ___ happy life 2. at ___ night 3. ____ Christmas
4. play _____ table tennis 5. _____useful book 6. ____unusual day
7. _____ hour and ____ half 8. by _____ train 9. in _____ time
10. take _____ walk
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
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