名词性从句
图片预览
文档简介
课件39张PPT。Grammar名词性从句Noun ClausesAppositive
（同位语） Clause
（从句）Subject
（主语）Object
（宾语）Predicative
（表语）主语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
宾语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
表语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
同位语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
The fact that he has not been seen recently
disturbs everyone in his office.
主语宾语表语同位语定义： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中
能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
1.You know that I am a teacher of English.
2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all .
3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.
4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to
you all.
5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.
6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in
the exam.
that I am a teacher of English
That I am a teacher of English
that I am a teacher of English
whether you can do well in
the exam.
Object ClauseSubject ClauseSubject Clause Predicative ClauseAppositive Clause that I am a teacher of English
whether you can do well in the exam.Object ClauseFind the clauses and tell the fun_ction of them:Subject ClauseWhat I am worried about1.The photographs will show you ____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2.You can hardly imagine ____when he heard the news .
A. how he was excited
B. how was he excited
C. how excited he was
D. he was how excited
语序问题 3.He asked____for a violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
4. I couldn’t understand ___ with me.
A.the matter was what
B.what the matter was
C.what was the matter
D.that was the matter结论：名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。关联词Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:what, whatever, who, whoever,
whom, whose, whichthat, whether, if, as if(as though)when, where, how, why
（状语）(主语、宾语）The Subject Clause:
1.Whether it is true remains a problem.
2.That she was chosen made us very happy.
3.What I can do is to tell you the truth.
4.How the book will sell depends on its author.
5.Whoever told you that was lying.
6.It was obvious that the driver couldn’t control his car.Questions:1.Can we use “if” instead of “whether”?
2. What’s the difference between “that” and “what”?
3.When the Subject Clause is too long, what should we do?
4.Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Subject
Clause? 名词性从句的连接词一、主语从句（一般位于句首）1.连词 that (无词义,不作成分,不能省略);
whether(是否),不用if.
That he will come and help us is certain.
Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意: 已确定的事由 that 引导;
没决定的事由 whether 引导.
3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.
How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词 what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等.What he is has nothing to do with you.
Whose ticket this is has not been found out.What he isWhose ticket this isWhen the test will be givenHow much we can spend1.______ I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
2.______ the earth is round is known to us all.
归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 当从句太长，为了平衡句子结构用形式主语it
放句首来代替从句，主语从句的连接词没有变
化。例如：
That you didn’t go to see the film is a pity.
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
Whether you succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
1.____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
2. ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody
present.
A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
3. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What;what B. What ;that
C. That;that D. That;what
4. It matters little ________ a man dies, but ________ matters so much more is ________ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. which; what; that
1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用
单数形式.
That they will come ____ certain.
2.由who, whoever引导的主句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.
Whoever say that ____ to be punished.
Who he is ____ concern me.3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.
What he wants ____ these books.
What he wants ____ some water.主语从句的主谓一致isaredoesareisThe Object Clause:
1.They thought that the question was too difficult.
2.I’m certain that he will get there in time.
3.She has made it clear that she does an important job.
4. I’ll do whatever you ask me to.
5.Do you know whether he’ll come or not?
6. Do you know if/whether any decision has been arrived
at?
Questions:1. Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Object
Clause?
2.Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the fifth
sentence?二. 宾语从句当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的宾语成分时，即
在句型：主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语
中充当宾语成分时，通常用 it 代替从句做形式宾
语，而将从句放到句末，是英语常用句型。that不
能省略。即
主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + that从句 如：We consider it possible that he is ill.
I feel it a pity that she can’t come.
He made it clear that he objected to the plan.真正的宾语2. 由wh-疑问词引导。We fully understood what he meant.
Go and ask why he was late yesterday.
Please tell me which is mine.
I asked how he was getting on.
We will choose whoever is fit.
They should enjoy complete freedom to
marry whomever they desire.
Whatever he does he does well.
Do you know whether/if she is coming?
He asked me whether or not I was busy.
1. 介词后的宾语从句.
Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.
2. whether…or not的宾语从句.
I don’t know whether or not she’ll like it.
3. 复合不定式只能用whether.
Tell us whether to go or stay here.
但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导.
He asked if you would not go and see him.whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.另附： 1、主语从句置于句首
Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
2、表语从句
My main problem right now is whether I should
ask for an other loan（贷款）.
3、同位语从句
Answer my question whether you are coming.另附：1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6.The manager asked me the question ______ I would
like to be his secretary.
7.____ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.
whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 用if 或whether 填空whether宾语从句要注意的几个问题: 1. 时态呼应(主从句时态保持一致）
2. 否定转移: (think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等).
但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下. I don’t think you have met before, have you ?
I thought you would not come, so I went there by myself.
3. 后面不能直接跟that从句的动词: allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, hate, love, help, take, forgive 等. 这类次后可用其它形式作宾语.
I admire their winning the match. (正确)
I admire that they won the match. ( 错误 )The Predicative Clause:1.It looks as if it were going to rain.
2.That is why he failed the exam.
3. Lishui is not what it used to be.
4. The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
5. What she wants to know is which book she should buy.
6. The question is whether we should accept his invitation.
1. Can we use “because” in place of “that” in the
fourth sentence
2. Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the sixth
sentence 三. 表语从句表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.
但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句,
而 look则不可.
这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句.
It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.
It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.The Appositive Clause:
1.I have no idea when he will arrive.
2.Word has come from the capital that President
Hu Jingtao will come to visit our school .
3.The suggestion that we should follow his advice
was accepted at last.
Besides “idea, word,suggestion”, can you list more words?
The news which they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.The news that our football team won excited us.
The news that we got excited us.that our football team won excited us.
that we gotAppositive ClauseAttributive Clause“that” 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用,一般不可省略。
在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。
Identify the type of clause in the following sentences
The news that our team has won the match is true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.四. 同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news, promise,truth,belief,thought,idea, answer,information,knowledge,doubthope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.
注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 是从句中的某个成分.He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.wh-ever 与no matter wh-
引导
名词性从句与让步状语从句
的比较拓展1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
2.These wild flowers are so special, I would do ____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child?____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever? D. whenever
4. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone? B. The person C. Whoever? D. Who
另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空: The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。巩固练习 1.The question is ____? the film is worth
seeing．
A．if? B．what
C．whether D．how
2.One of the men held the view? ____ the
book said was right．
A．that what B．what that
C．that? D．whether 3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or
Cambridge, I can't remember?____.
A．where B．there
C．which D．that
4.Energy is? ____ makes things work．
A．what B．everything
C．something? D．anything
5.The reason? ____ I have to go is_____ my
mother is ill in bed．
A. why ; why? B. why ; because
C. why ; that? D. that ; because
6.He doesn't think the question of ____ they
are men or women is important．
A. whether? ? B. if????????? ?
C. which? D. why 7.It was ordered that all the soldiers
____ to the front．
A. should send? B. must be sent
C. should be sent D. must go
8.Air is to us?____ water is to fish．
A. is that??? ?B. what??????
? C. which D. that
Thank you!
（同位语） Clause
（从句）Subject
（主语）Object
（宾语）Predicative
（表语）主语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
宾语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
表语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
同位语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当_______成分
The fact that he has not been seen recently
disturbs everyone in his office.
主语宾语表语同位语定义： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中
能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
1.You know that I am a teacher of English.
2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all .
3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.
4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to
you all.
5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.
6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in
the exam.
that I am a teacher of English
That I am a teacher of English
that I am a teacher of English
whether you can do well in
the exam.
Object ClauseSubject ClauseSubject Clause Predicative ClauseAppositive Clause that I am a teacher of English
whether you can do well in the exam.Object ClauseFind the clauses and tell the fun_ction of them:Subject ClauseWhat I am worried about1.The photographs will show you ____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2.You can hardly imagine ____when he heard the news .
A. how he was excited
B. how was he excited
C. how excited he was
D. he was how excited
语序问题 3.He asked____for a violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
4. I couldn’t understand ___ with me.
A.the matter was what
B.what the matter was
C.what was the matter
D.that was the matter结论：名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。关联词Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:what, whatever, who, whoever,
whom, whose, whichthat, whether, if, as if(as though)when, where, how, why
（状语）(主语、宾语）The Subject Clause:
1.Whether it is true remains a problem.
2.That she was chosen made us very happy.
3.What I can do is to tell you the truth.
4.How the book will sell depends on its author.
5.Whoever told you that was lying.
6.It was obvious that the driver couldn’t control his car.Questions:1.Can we use “if” instead of “whether”?
2. What’s the difference between “that” and “what”?
3.When the Subject Clause is too long, what should we do?
4.Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Subject
Clause? 名词性从句的连接词一、主语从句（一般位于句首）1.连词 that (无词义,不作成分,不能省略);
whether(是否),不用if.
That he will come and help us is certain.
Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意: 已确定的事由 that 引导;
没决定的事由 whether 引导.
3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.
How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词 what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等.What he is has nothing to do with you.
Whose ticket this is has not been found out.What he isWhose ticket this isWhen the test will be givenHow much we can spend1.______ I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
2.______ the earth is round is known to us all.
归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 当从句太长，为了平衡句子结构用形式主语it
放句首来代替从句，主语从句的连接词没有变
化。例如：
That you didn’t go to see the film is a pity.
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
Whether you succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
1.____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
2. ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody
present.
A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
3. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What;what B. What ;that
C. That;that D. That;what
4. It matters little ________ a man dies, but ________ matters so much more is ________ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. which; what; that
1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用
单数形式.
That they will come ____ certain.
2.由who, whoever引导的主句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.
Whoever say that ____ to be punished.
Who he is ____ concern me.3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.
What he wants ____ these books.
What he wants ____ some water.主语从句的主谓一致isaredoesareisThe Object Clause:
1.They thought that the question was too difficult.
2.I’m certain that he will get there in time.
3.She has made it clear that she does an important job.
4. I’ll do whatever you ask me to.
5.Do you know whether he’ll come or not?
6. Do you know if/whether any decision has been arrived
at?
Questions:1. Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Object
Clause?
2.Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the fifth
sentence?二. 宾语从句当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的宾语成分时，即
在句型：主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语
中充当宾语成分时，通常用 it 代替从句做形式宾
语，而将从句放到句末，是英语常用句型。that不
能省略。即
主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + that从句 如：We consider it possible that he is ill.
I feel it a pity that she can’t come.
He made it clear that he objected to the plan.真正的宾语2. 由wh-疑问词引导。We fully understood what he meant.
Go and ask why he was late yesterday.
Please tell me which is mine.
I asked how he was getting on.
We will choose whoever is fit.
They should enjoy complete freedom to
marry whomever they desire.
Whatever he does he does well.
Do you know whether/if she is coming?
He asked me whether or not I was busy.
1. 介词后的宾语从句.
Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.
2. whether…or not的宾语从句.
I don’t know whether or not she’ll like it.
3. 复合不定式只能用whether.
Tell us whether to go or stay here.
但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导.
He asked if you would not go and see him.whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.另附： 1、主语从句置于句首
Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
2、表语从句
My main problem right now is whether I should
ask for an other loan（贷款）.
3、同位语从句
Answer my question whether you are coming.另附：1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6.The manager asked me the question ______ I would
like to be his secretary.
7.____ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.
whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 用if 或whether 填空whether宾语从句要注意的几个问题: 1. 时态呼应(主从句时态保持一致）
2. 否定转移: (think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等).
但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下. I don’t think you have met before, have you ?
I thought you would not come, so I went there by myself.
3. 后面不能直接跟that从句的动词: allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, hate, love, help, take, forgive 等. 这类次后可用其它形式作宾语.
I admire their winning the match. (正确)
I admire that they won the match. ( 错误 )The Predicative Clause:1.It looks as if it were going to rain.
2.That is why he failed the exam.
3. Lishui is not what it used to be.
4. The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
5. What she wants to know is which book she should buy.
6. The question is whether we should accept his invitation.
1. Can we use “because” in place of “that” in the
fourth sentence
2. Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the sixth
sentence 三. 表语从句表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.
但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句,
而 look则不可.
这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句.
It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.
It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.The Appositive Clause:
1.I have no idea when he will arrive.
2.Word has come from the capital that President
Hu Jingtao will come to visit our school .
3.The suggestion that we should follow his advice
was accepted at last.
Besides “idea, word,suggestion”, can you list more words?
The news which they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.The news that our football team won excited us.
The news that we got excited us.that our football team won excited us.
that we gotAppositive ClauseAttributive Clause“that” 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用,一般不可省略。
在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。
Identify the type of clause in the following sentences
The news that our team has won the match is true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.四. 同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news, promise,truth,belief,thought,idea, answer,information,knowledge,doubthope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.
注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 是从句中的某个成分.He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.wh-ever 与no matter wh-
引导
名词性从句与让步状语从句
的比较拓展1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
2.These wild flowers are so special, I would do ____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child?____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever? D. whenever
4. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone? B. The person C. Whoever? D. Who
另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空: The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。巩固练习 1.The question is ____? the film is worth
seeing．
A．if? B．what
C．whether D．how
2.One of the men held the view? ____ the
book said was right．
A．that what B．what that
C．that? D．whether 3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or
Cambridge, I can't remember?____.
A．where B．there
C．which D．that
4.Energy is? ____ makes things work．
A．what B．everything
C．something? D．anything
5.The reason? ____ I have to go is_____ my
mother is ill in bed．
A. why ; why? B. why ; because
C. why ; that? D. that ; because
6.He doesn't think the question of ____ they
are men or women is important．
A. whether? ? B. if????????? ?
C. which? D. why 7.It was ordered that all the soldiers
____ to the front．
A. should send? B. must be sent
C. should be sent D. must go
8.Air is to us?____ water is to fish．
A. is that??? ?B. what??????
? C. which D. that
Thank you!