高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃（中级篇）4
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Passage One Crime in Computer
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, p高考资源网roperty-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…21世纪教育网
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political puters are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
21世纪教育网
1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10
2. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer
A. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
B. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
C. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
D. His purpose is to steal important data.
3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system
A. Sabotage of a university computer.
B. Sabotage of a hospital computer.
C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
D. Sabotage of a factory computer.
4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”
A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
B. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
C. The computer can replace any weapons.
D. The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1. bizarre奇怪的
2. vandalism破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3. cripple使瘫痪，削弱
4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处
5. neutralize使成为无效
6. affluent 富裕的
7. recordkeeping记录存贮
8. havoc浩劫，大破坏
9. resort to 求助于，借助于
10. motivate 作为……的动机，激发
11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子
12. sprout萌发迅速发展
13. awesome令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱
15. devastation 劫持，破坏
16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）
18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股
19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学
难句译注
1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
【结构简析】 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
【参考译文】 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
【结构简析】 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
【参考译文】 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3. A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
【结构简析】 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
【参考译文】 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. 21世纪教育网
【结构简析】 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用too…to 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。
【参考译文】 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。
写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。
答案详解
1. B. ８种，具体罪行。见难句译注１。
2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注２及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”
A. 削弱公司运转能力。C. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。 D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。
3. C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。
4. A. 大学 B. 医院 D. 工厂。 这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.
5. B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为２１世纪的事业杀手。”
A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？ C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。
Passage Two A Strong Stock Market
The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’s earnings. We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
A. A Time to Sell Stock. B. A Strong Stock Market 21世纪教育网
C. Raising the Margin RateC. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel
2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do
A. They look to the FRB for help. B. They buy steel
C. They buy automobile stocks. D. They look for high yields.
3. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market
A. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.
B. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.
C. Because the rise was conservative.
D. Because of the FRB action.
4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do
A. They look for accelerated growth. B. They buy speciality stocks.
C. They look for high yields. C. They are more prudent.
Vocabulary
1. margin rate 保证金率，边际比率
2. rampant 无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的
3. stem 遏制
4. stem from滋长，源自
5. underpin 加强……基础，支持
6. underpinning 支持物，基础（建筑物下的）
7. preoccupy先占，使专心于，吸引住
8. undue过分的，非法的，不适当的
9. interim 间歇；暂时的，间歇的
10. guideline方针，指导路线
11. underscore 在……下面划线，强调
12. point up 加强，强调
13. bluechip 兰筹股票
14. blue-chip兰筹的
15. outperform 在使用上胜过
16. overprice将……标价过高
17. numerical ratio 数率，数字比率
18. earnings收益，利润，收入
19. contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论
20. premium佣金，酬金
难句译注
1. The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.
【结构简析】 是not…but句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+N+participle 短语
【参考译文】 保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲。
2. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
【结构简析】 复合句。中间有插入语if clause, 进一步说明条件。
【参考译文】 显然，不可能保证这种情况再次出现（情况再是这样）。可是，如果历史具有指导方针的话——如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上——那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。
3. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.
【结构简析】 这句句子内有四个that clause：第一个that是good rise的定语从句。第二个和第三个that都是the fact that句型。但第二个the fact that中，as long as it was, 指头一年，pointed up是谓语。第四个是in that连词，义：因为。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。这种增长过去，现在，将来都能巩固强市。其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上，使股市看好上升趋于保守，引出行业股比普通股吃香。最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。
答案详解
1. B. 强劲证券市场（强市）。见难句译注1和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。从19……年起，这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。
A. 买出股票的时候。C. 提高保证金率。D. 钢的市盈率。这三项都不对，它们只是文中涉及的方面。
2. D. 他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）。见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者——公众和团体机构——紧张而又悲观时，他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。
A. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。 B. 他们买进钢材。C. 他们买进汽车股票。
3. A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。举例说：钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。低于一定比率，可认为股是好价值，而高于一定比率就是超价。如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品，那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。“
B. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。 C. 因为行情上升保守。这两项见难句译注3。
D. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动。
4. A. 他们寻求加速的增长。见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民，当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时，他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。”
Passage Three The Military Is In
Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. 21世纪教育网
Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’ service it is $2,305. The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.
The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified pared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.
Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70’s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. The Military is in B. The Military is up
C. The Military is down D. The Military is on
2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military
A. Approval. B. Indifferent. C. Distaste. D. Scolding.
3. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to
A. “become visible”. B. “begin to grow”.
C. “be made public”. D. “gain a certain position”.
4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.
A. Free tuition. B. Spacious room.
C. Considerate allowance. D. Technical training.
Vocabulary
1. stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来
2. standing tall 站得高
3. babykiller 杀婴犯人
4. denounce 谴责
5. elite 杰出的，名牌的
6. ROTC=Reserve Office’s Training Cope(美)后备军官训练队
7. falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前
8. flourish繁荣兴旺
9. allure 诱惑
e out 进入社交界，扬名
11. the wide array 一大批，一大半
12. PX=Post Exchange陆军消费合作社
13. sergeant中士
14. major 少校
15. slick聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的
16. hallway门厅，过道
17. chant 单调重复的说话（唱歌）
18. miscreant 无赖，恶棍
19. retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例
20. real bargain好买卖，十分划算
难句译注
1. The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.
【结构简析】句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。Promising 修饰 campaign。
2. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over.
【参考译文】由法官判一名无赖不去当兵就得坐牢的日子过去了。
3. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.
【结构简析】so …that 句型。
【参考译文】超役留队率现在很高，所以各个军种都要拒绝一些再入伍申请，并降低年度招兵指标。
写作方法与文章大意
这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章，主要采用因果写法，中插对比。
答案详解
1. A. 军队又吃香了。To be in 有“流行，时髦”之义。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复。”第二段开始：“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力……。”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强，当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了。”都表示吃香。
B. to be up 有“完了，完毕，上涨”等义。 C. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等义。 D. to be on 有“上演，开着”等义。这里都讲不通。
2. C. 厌恶。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为‘杀婴犯’而拒之校园之外，现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎。后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定，抗议的人向部队投掷燃烧弹，如今又兴旺起来。”最后一段第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑。”这些都说明70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。所以21世纪教育网
A. 赞成， B. 漠不关心， D. 漫骂，都不对。
3. 获得地位。To come out 有 to gain certain position 获得（名次，地位）之义，也有appear, to be seen （出现，看得见）之义。这里的上下文，只能是D. 第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名并可要求6万美元年薪。”
A. 看得见， B. 开始成长， C. 公开。
4. B. 宽敞的房间。
A. 免学费。 C. 相当高的津贴。 D. 技术培训，都提到过。第二段开始“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大。”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了，质量好，年头也就好过。私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全面，新生每月还可拿5百美元的补贴。
Passage Four Creative Process of Works
The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process
Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity
John L. Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality. ”
The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.
Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’ theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.
In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from … ”
1.
2. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage called
A. Well. B. Vision. C. Form. D. Will.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The form determines the subject matter.
B. The idea determines the form.
C. Vision makes beauty an actuality. 21世纪教育网
D. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.
4. The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph means
A. accidentally. B. luckily. C. thoroughly. D. potentially.
5. The remembrance of things past is carried on in the
A. Deep Well. B. Vision.
C. Chaotic lights and shadows. D. Conscious mind.
Vocabulary
1. fuse 融化，结合
2. intuition 直觉
3. Xanadu是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人Sanul T Coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“Kubla Khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）
4. John L. Lowes1876——1945年美国学者，批评家及教师
5. tantalizing 引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得
6. fortuitous偶然的，幸运的
7. parallel 相应于
8. sparse 稀少，稀疏
9. synthesis综合，综合法
难句译注
1. …by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.
【参考译文】 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。
2. …still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.
【参考译文】 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。
3. There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.
【结构简析】 注意介词短语和定从。With its chaos…, 是修饰deep well. Which sees shinning 定语从句修饰Vision. And 后的with the vision, 却是状语。Which gives 又是定从，修饰Will.
【参考译文】 有……那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。
4. lights and shadows 艺术上有 light and shade 明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的Road to Xanadu 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。
答案详解
1. D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介——学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。
A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。 B. 洞察力，视觉。 C. 形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。
2. B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介——学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。
A. 形式决定主题。C. 形象使美变得真实。D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。
3. A. 偶然的。
B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。
C. 彻底的，透彻的。D. 潜在的，可能的。
4. A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志……。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。21世纪教育网
B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维
Passage Five NCB in Interpol
The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.
As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.
Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nation’s law and authority and retains its national title.
Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is work stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leray’s photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.
1. What is the best title for this passage
A. The Function of the Interpol. B. The Quality of the Interpol.
C. The Organization of the Interpol. D. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.
2. The organization of this passage is
A. general to specific. B. cause and effect.
C. comparison and contrast. D. development.
3. The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to 21世纪教育网
A. a lot of employees busying in their work.
B. many office workers busying with various documents.
C. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.
D. workers busying in their own information.
4. Which is the easiest tool to communicate
A. Satellite. B. Radio.
B. Teleprinter. D. Phototelegraphy.
Vocabulary
1. Interpol国际刑警组织
2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体
3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的
4. gimlet-eyed目光锐利的
5. jeopardy 危险
6. flatteringly奉承
7. choke 闷死
choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来
8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样
9. grim 冷酷的
10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人
11. shuffle反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）
12. charisma 超凡的魅力
13. National Central Bureaus 国家中心局
14. Treasury Department 财政部（美）
15. Questura 警察局（意）
16. Melbourne 墨尔本警察局
17. chore 日常零星工作
18. to be bound to 受……的约束，义务，一定……
19. geographic zone 地区，地带
20. versatile 有多方面用途的
21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机
22. phototelegraph传真
23. daring 大胆的
24. holdup抢劫
25. alert使警惕，使处于待命状态
难句译注
1. The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics. 21世纪教育网
【结构简析】 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.
【参考译文】 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。
2. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.
【结构简析】 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。
【参考译文】 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。
3. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.
【结构简析】 这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in…，Oceans are crossed in…, villains are watched by …。
【参考译文】 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。
4. These are the front-line troops, the action people.
【参考译文】 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到NCB，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一——国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。21世纪教育网
答案详解
1. C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以
A. B. 不对。 D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。
2. A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。
B. 因果和 C. 对比。 不对。 D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。
3. C. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。
A. 有许多雇员忙于工作； B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件；D. 忙于自己信息的工人。这三项都没有。21世纪教育网
4. B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传真电报，不对
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Passage One Crime in Computer
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, p高考资源网roperty-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…21世纪教育网
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political puters are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
21世纪教育网
1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10
2. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer
A. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
B. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
C. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
D. His purpose is to steal important data.
3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system
A. Sabotage of a university computer.
B. Sabotage of a hospital computer.
C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
D. Sabotage of a factory computer.
4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”
A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
B. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
C. The computer can replace any weapons.
D. The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1. bizarre奇怪的
2. vandalism破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3. cripple使瘫痪，削弱
4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处
5. neutralize使成为无效
6. affluent 富裕的
7. recordkeeping记录存贮
8. havoc浩劫，大破坏
9. resort to 求助于，借助于
10. motivate 作为……的动机，激发
11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子
12. sprout萌发迅速发展
13. awesome令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱
15. devastation 劫持，破坏
16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）
18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股
19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学
难句译注
1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
【结构简析】 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
【参考译文】 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
【结构简析】 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
【参考译文】 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3. A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
【结构简析】 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
【参考译文】 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. 21世纪教育网
【结构简析】 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用too…to 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。
【参考译文】 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。
写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。
答案详解
1. B. ８种，具体罪行。见难句译注１。
2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注２及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”
A. 削弱公司运转能力。C. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。 D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。
3. C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。
4. A. 大学 B. 医院 D. 工厂。 这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.
5. B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为２１世纪的事业杀手。”
A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？ C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。
Passage Two A Strong Stock Market
The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’s earnings. We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
A. A Time to Sell Stock. B. A Strong Stock Market 21世纪教育网
C. Raising the Margin RateC. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel
2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do
A. They look to the FRB for help. B. They buy steel
C. They buy automobile stocks. D. They look for high yields.
3. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market
A. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.
B. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.
C. Because the rise was conservative.
D. Because of the FRB action.
4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do
A. They look for accelerated growth. B. They buy speciality stocks.
C. They look for high yields. C. They are more prudent.
Vocabulary
1. margin rate 保证金率，边际比率
2. rampant 无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的
3. stem 遏制
4. stem from滋长，源自
5. underpin 加强……基础，支持
6. underpinning 支持物，基础（建筑物下的）
7. preoccupy先占，使专心于，吸引住
8. undue过分的，非法的，不适当的
9. interim 间歇；暂时的，间歇的
10. guideline方针，指导路线
11. underscore 在……下面划线，强调
12. point up 加强，强调
13. bluechip 兰筹股票
14. blue-chip兰筹的
15. outperform 在使用上胜过
16. overprice将……标价过高
17. numerical ratio 数率，数字比率
18. earnings收益，利润，收入
19. contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论
20. premium佣金，酬金
难句译注
1. The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.
【结构简析】 是not…but句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+N+participle 短语
【参考译文】 保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲。
2. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
【结构简析】 复合句。中间有插入语if clause, 进一步说明条件。
【参考译文】 显然，不可能保证这种情况再次出现（情况再是这样）。可是，如果历史具有指导方针的话——如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上——那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。
3. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.
【结构简析】 这句句子内有四个that clause：第一个that是good rise的定语从句。第二个和第三个that都是the fact that句型。但第二个the fact that中，as long as it was, 指头一年，pointed up是谓语。第四个是in that连词，义：因为。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。这种增长过去，现在，将来都能巩固强市。其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上，使股市看好上升趋于保守，引出行业股比普通股吃香。最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。
答案详解
1. B. 强劲证券市场（强市）。见难句译注1和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。从19……年起，这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。
A. 买出股票的时候。C. 提高保证金率。D. 钢的市盈率。这三项都不对，它们只是文中涉及的方面。
2. D. 他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）。见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者——公众和团体机构——紧张而又悲观时，他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。
A. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。 B. 他们买进钢材。C. 他们买进汽车股票。
3. A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。举例说：钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。低于一定比率，可认为股是好价值，而高于一定比率就是超价。如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品，那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。“
B. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。 C. 因为行情上升保守。这两项见难句译注3。
D. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动。
4. A. 他们寻求加速的增长。见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民，当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时，他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。”
Passage Three The Military Is In
Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. 21世纪教育网
Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’ service it is $2,305. The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.
The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified pared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.
Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70’s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. The Military is in B. The Military is up
C. The Military is down D. The Military is on
2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military
A. Approval. B. Indifferent. C. Distaste. D. Scolding.
3. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to
A. “become visible”. B. “begin to grow”.
C. “be made public”. D. “gain a certain position”.
4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.
A. Free tuition. B. Spacious room.
C. Considerate allowance. D. Technical training.
Vocabulary
1. stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来
2. standing tall 站得高
3. babykiller 杀婴犯人
4. denounce 谴责
5. elite 杰出的，名牌的
6. ROTC=Reserve Office’s Training Cope(美)后备军官训练队
7. falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前
8. flourish繁荣兴旺
9. allure 诱惑
e out 进入社交界，扬名
11. the wide array 一大批，一大半
12. PX=Post Exchange陆军消费合作社
13. sergeant中士
14. major 少校
15. slick聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的
16. hallway门厅，过道
17. chant 单调重复的说话（唱歌）
18. miscreant 无赖，恶棍
19. retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例
20. real bargain好买卖，十分划算
难句译注
1. The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.
【结构简析】句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。Promising 修饰 campaign。
2. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over.
【参考译文】由法官判一名无赖不去当兵就得坐牢的日子过去了。
3. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.
【结构简析】so …that 句型。
【参考译文】超役留队率现在很高，所以各个军种都要拒绝一些再入伍申请，并降低年度招兵指标。
写作方法与文章大意
这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章，主要采用因果写法，中插对比。
答案详解
1. A. 军队又吃香了。To be in 有“流行，时髦”之义。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复。”第二段开始：“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力……。”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强，当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了。”都表示吃香。
B. to be up 有“完了，完毕，上涨”等义。 C. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等义。 D. to be on 有“上演，开着”等义。这里都讲不通。
2. C. 厌恶。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为‘杀婴犯’而拒之校园之外，现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎。后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定，抗议的人向部队投掷燃烧弹，如今又兴旺起来。”最后一段第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑。”这些都说明70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。所以21世纪教育网
A. 赞成， B. 漠不关心， D. 漫骂，都不对。
3. 获得地位。To come out 有 to gain certain position 获得（名次，地位）之义，也有appear, to be seen （出现，看得见）之义。这里的上下文，只能是D. 第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名并可要求6万美元年薪。”
A. 看得见， B. 开始成长， C. 公开。
4. B. 宽敞的房间。
A. 免学费。 C. 相当高的津贴。 D. 技术培训，都提到过。第二段开始“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大。”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了，质量好，年头也就好过。私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全面，新生每月还可拿5百美元的补贴。
Passage Four Creative Process of Works
The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process
Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity
John L. Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality. ”
The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.
Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’ theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.
In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from … ”
1.
2. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage called
A. Well. B. Vision. C. Form. D. Will.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The form determines the subject matter.
B. The idea determines the form.
C. Vision makes beauty an actuality. 21世纪教育网
D. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.
4. The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph means
A. accidentally. B. luckily. C. thoroughly. D. potentially.
5. The remembrance of things past is carried on in the
A. Deep Well. B. Vision.
C. Chaotic lights and shadows. D. Conscious mind.
Vocabulary
1. fuse 融化，结合
2. intuition 直觉
3. Xanadu是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人Sanul T Coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“Kubla Khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）
4. John L. Lowes1876——1945年美国学者，批评家及教师
5. tantalizing 引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得
6. fortuitous偶然的，幸运的
7. parallel 相应于
8. sparse 稀少，稀疏
9. synthesis综合，综合法
难句译注
1. …by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.
【参考译文】 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。
2. …still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.
【参考译文】 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。
3. There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.
【结构简析】 注意介词短语和定从。With its chaos…, 是修饰deep well. Which sees shinning 定语从句修饰Vision. And 后的with the vision, 却是状语。Which gives 又是定从，修饰Will.
【参考译文】 有……那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。
4. lights and shadows 艺术上有 light and shade 明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的Road to Xanadu 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。
答案详解
1. D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介——学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。
A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。 B. 洞察力，视觉。 C. 形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。
2. B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介——学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。
A. 形式决定主题。C. 形象使美变得真实。D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。
3. A. 偶然的。
B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。
C. 彻底的，透彻的。D. 潜在的，可能的。
4. A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志……。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。21世纪教育网
B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维
Passage Five NCB in Interpol
The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.
As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.
Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nation’s law and authority and retains its national title.
Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is work stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leray’s photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.
1. What is the best title for this passage
A. The Function of the Interpol. B. The Quality of the Interpol.
C. The Organization of the Interpol. D. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.
2. The organization of this passage is
A. general to specific. B. cause and effect.
C. comparison and contrast. D. development.
3. The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to 21世纪教育网
A. a lot of employees busying in their work.
B. many office workers busying with various documents.
C. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.
D. workers busying in their own information.
4. Which is the easiest tool to communicate
A. Satellite. B. Radio.
B. Teleprinter. D. Phototelegraphy.
Vocabulary
1. Interpol国际刑警组织
2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体
3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的
4. gimlet-eyed目光锐利的
5. jeopardy 危险
6. flatteringly奉承
7. choke 闷死
choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来
8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样
9. grim 冷酷的
10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人
11. shuffle反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）
12. charisma 超凡的魅力
13. National Central Bureaus 国家中心局
14. Treasury Department 财政部（美）
15. Questura 警察局（意）
16. Melbourne 墨尔本警察局
17. chore 日常零星工作
18. to be bound to 受……的约束，义务，一定……
19. geographic zone 地区，地带
20. versatile 有多方面用途的
21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机
22. phototelegraph传真
23. daring 大胆的
24. holdup抢劫
25. alert使警惕，使处于待命状态
难句译注
1. The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics. 21世纪教育网
【结构简析】 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.
【参考译文】 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。
2. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.
【结构简析】 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。
【参考译文】 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。
3. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.
【结构简析】 这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in…，Oceans are crossed in…, villains are watched by …。
【参考译文】 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。
4. These are the front-line troops, the action people.
【参考译文】 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到NCB，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一——国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。21世纪教育网
答案详解
1. C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以
A. B. 不对。 D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。
2. A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。
B. 因果和 C. 对比。 不对。 D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。
3. C. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。
A. 有许多雇员忙于工作； B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件；D. 忙于自己信息的工人。这三项都没有。21世纪教育网
4. B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传真电报，不对
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