高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法
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| 名称 | 高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法 |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-05-18 09:26:00 | ||
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高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法
广州市黄埔区第八十六中学 赵安西
概括段落大意是理解掌握课文内容的重要手段，也是总结中心思想的前提。这里，向大家介绍几种常见方法：
一、综合法。就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。如
A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard. Parents and their children lived with their grandparents. Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.
But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.
With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor” everywhere. Second, who will take care of the old people in the future Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.
本文讲了三层意思。第一段讲了过去典型中国家庭模式(a typical Chinese family in the past)；第二层讲现代中国家庭模式的变化形式(the changing form of the modern Chinese family)；第三层讲了家庭结构的变化所带来的不利之处(the disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)。
这样综合三层的意思,短文大意可以概括为：
As time goes by, the structure of the Chinese family is changing. In the past, a typical Chinese family was quite large, but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has brought many disadvantages to our society.
二、摘引法。就是摘用课文中的重点词语或重点句（首起句、总结句、中心句）来概括。
Disadvantages of life in big cities
Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.
Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars, and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur, resulting in broken limbs and tragic deaths.
Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result, pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence.
However, noise, and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short, life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.
通过阅读全文，不难看出短文中每一段的首句即为该段的中心意思。将每一段段落大意放在一起便可以作为这篇段文的概括：
Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages, such as the problems of traffic, air pollution, noise, and violence in every big city, and the situation seems to get worse year by year.
三、取主法。就是短文中有几层意思，取重要的层次作为短文大意中心部分。如：
Swimming is an elegant sport. Floating in the cool water, man feels free, relaxed and happy. It seems as if all the worldly affairs were gone and he were in the wonderland of quietness and beauty.
When you are swimming, every bone and muscle is in motion. You will feel your heart beating hard, about 2 to 3 times faster than usual, which is good for your health. Besides, your lungs are trained when you are almost breathless. Their capacity is gradually being enlarged red, providing you with much more oxygen in a single breath.
When it is burning hot in summer, you go to a swimming pool or seaside and jump into the clean cool water. You can enjoy lying gently on the water surface with every organ of your body totally relaxed. The beautiful blue heaven is high over your face, with white cotton-lid fluffy clouds swirling flexibly. Now and then some birds skim over the water or sing a merry song, and then merge in the distant blue. The trees along the river or lake are waving their leaves and their murmuring makes you feel that you are closer to nature.
本文列举了“游泳”的诸多好处。
第一小段写了Man feels free, relaxed and happy by swimming；
第二小段写了两层意思。第一层写Swimming can make every bone and muscle in motion and your heart beating faster, which is good for your health. 第二层写swimming can increase your capacity of your lungs, which provides you with much more oxygen in a single breath.第三段与第一段遥相呼应，细致地描述游泳的益处。但联系全文我们可以确定第二小段中的第一层和第二层的所表达的游泳的益处是主要的。因此，段落大意可以概括为：
Swimming has many benefits to people. It can not only make you feel free, relaxed and happy, but can also accelerate your heart-beating and promote your every bone and muscle in motion and increase your vital capacity.
四、合并法。就是把一段的几层意思合并起来进行概括。
Whenever a college student is asked, “what are you going to do this summer vacation ” the most probable answer might be, “I’m going to travel.” It sounds that every college student is fond of traveling. Why Because travel has many advantages.
First of all, travel can make us know more — the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes. We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.
In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. Traveling is worthwhile.
本文主要阐述了“旅游”的各种好处，如：Firstly, travel can make us know the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes. We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.
综上所述，归根结底，一句话，本文主要讲：Travel can give us all kinds of advantages. 因此，我们可以这样合并本文的大意：
Travel has all kinds of advantages. First, it can make us know much different knowledge and customs of different countries. Second, we can make friends and practice foreign languages through traveling. Lastly, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes and appreciating beautiful sceneries.
五、提炼法
即在短文中找出几个关键词，然后以这几个词为中心，概括短文要点。请看下面一篇文章：
How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material On-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US.
For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(操作).” Kids have to be on line. If we tell our kids they can’t have chances to the Internet, we are cutting them off from their future.” said an expert.
Most kids have started to use search engines. Many for them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. Certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safety. The most popular way to limit chances would be to use what is known as a “content screener”. But this can’t be wholly reliable. And the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do in the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.
我们从本文的每段中提炼出以下几个能概括本文中心思想的单词：
discussion – wonders – danger - search engines – guides
然后，我们再以这几个词为中心进行拓展。归纳概括此文如下：
How to get children to use the Internet correctly is a topic being discussed in America. Some think the Internet has many wonders, but it can also bring danger to children because of unhealthy websites. Therefore, search engines should be used to restrict their use of the Internet and guidance be given to them.
PAGE
1
广州市黄埔区第八十六中学 赵安西
概括段落大意是理解掌握课文内容的重要手段，也是总结中心思想的前提。这里，向大家介绍几种常见方法：
一、综合法。就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。如
A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard. Parents and their children lived with their grandparents. Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.
But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.
With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor” everywhere. Second, who will take care of the old people in the future Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.
本文讲了三层意思。第一段讲了过去典型中国家庭模式(a typical Chinese family in the past)；第二层讲现代中国家庭模式的变化形式(the changing form of the modern Chinese family)；第三层讲了家庭结构的变化所带来的不利之处(the disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)。
这样综合三层的意思,短文大意可以概括为：
As time goes by, the structure of the Chinese family is changing. In the past, a typical Chinese family was quite large, but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has brought many disadvantages to our society.
二、摘引法。就是摘用课文中的重点词语或重点句（首起句、总结句、中心句）来概括。
Disadvantages of life in big cities
Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.
Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars, and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur, resulting in broken limbs and tragic deaths.
Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result, pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence.
However, noise, and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short, life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.
通过阅读全文，不难看出短文中每一段的首句即为该段的中心意思。将每一段段落大意放在一起便可以作为这篇段文的概括：
Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages, such as the problems of traffic, air pollution, noise, and violence in every big city, and the situation seems to get worse year by year.
三、取主法。就是短文中有几层意思，取重要的层次作为短文大意中心部分。如：
Swimming is an elegant sport. Floating in the cool water, man feels free, relaxed and happy. It seems as if all the worldly affairs were gone and he were in the wonderland of quietness and beauty.
When you are swimming, every bone and muscle is in motion. You will feel your heart beating hard, about 2 to 3 times faster than usual, which is good for your health. Besides, your lungs are trained when you are almost breathless. Their capacity is gradually being enlarged red, providing you with much more oxygen in a single breath.
When it is burning hot in summer, you go to a swimming pool or seaside and jump into the clean cool water. You can enjoy lying gently on the water surface with every organ of your body totally relaxed. The beautiful blue heaven is high over your face, with white cotton-lid fluffy clouds swirling flexibly. Now and then some birds skim over the water or sing a merry song, and then merge in the distant blue. The trees along the river or lake are waving their leaves and their murmuring makes you feel that you are closer to nature.
本文列举了“游泳”的诸多好处。
第一小段写了Man feels free, relaxed and happy by swimming；
第二小段写了两层意思。第一层写Swimming can make every bone and muscle in motion and your heart beating faster, which is good for your health. 第二层写swimming can increase your capacity of your lungs, which provides you with much more oxygen in a single breath.第三段与第一段遥相呼应，细致地描述游泳的益处。但联系全文我们可以确定第二小段中的第一层和第二层的所表达的游泳的益处是主要的。因此，段落大意可以概括为：
Swimming has many benefits to people. It can not only make you feel free, relaxed and happy, but can also accelerate your heart-beating and promote your every bone and muscle in motion and increase your vital capacity.
四、合并法。就是把一段的几层意思合并起来进行概括。
Whenever a college student is asked, “what are you going to do this summer vacation ” the most probable answer might be, “I’m going to travel.” It sounds that every college student is fond of traveling. Why Because travel has many advantages.
First of all, travel can make us know more — the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes. We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.
In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. Traveling is worthwhile.
本文主要阐述了“旅游”的各种好处，如：Firstly, travel can make us know the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes. We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.
综上所述，归根结底，一句话，本文主要讲：Travel can give us all kinds of advantages. 因此，我们可以这样合并本文的大意：
Travel has all kinds of advantages. First, it can make us know much different knowledge and customs of different countries. Second, we can make friends and practice foreign languages through traveling. Lastly, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes and appreciating beautiful sceneries.
五、提炼法
即在短文中找出几个关键词，然后以这几个词为中心，概括短文要点。请看下面一篇文章：
How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material On-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US.
For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(操作).” Kids have to be on line. If we tell our kids they can’t have chances to the Internet, we are cutting them off from their future.” said an expert.
Most kids have started to use search engines. Many for them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. Certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safety. The most popular way to limit chances would be to use what is known as a “content screener”. But this can’t be wholly reliable. And the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do in the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.
我们从本文的每段中提炼出以下几个能概括本文中心思想的单词：
discussion – wonders – danger - search engines – guides
然后，我们再以这几个词为中心进行拓展。归纳概括此文如下：
How to get children to use the Internet correctly is a topic being discussed in America. Some think the Internet has many wonders, but it can also bring danger to children because of unhealthy websites. Therefore, search engines should be used to restrict their use of the Internet and guidance be given to them.
PAGE
1