working on the land

Unit 2 Working the land
The First Period Reading
Teaching goals
Enable Ss to learn more about agriculture, countryside and farming.
Help Ss learn how to describe Dr Yuan Longping including his personality.
Teaching important and difficult points
a. Help to comprehend the text and grasp the main idea of the text.
b. Grasp the usage of some words and expressions.
c. How to help students learn more about agriculture.
Teaching methods
Talking, questioning-and-answering activity and reading.
Teaching aids
A tape recorder, a projector and a computer.
Step Ⅰ Greeting and leading in
T: Hello, everyone.
Ss: Hello, teacher.
T: In last unit we learnt some great women. Today we’ll learn a famous man. Who will it be At first let’s look at the two pictures on Page 9. What are the people doing
Ss: They are planting rice.
T: Can you tell me something about rice
S: Rice grows in the south.
S: But in some place of the north we can also find rice.
T: Yeah. You are right. In fact rice is a cereal grain that has been grown for at least 5,000 years and is eaten by 2.4 billion people everyday throughout the world. In Australia, farmers have had to struggle with their harsh environment to grow rice.
Ss: Really
Step Ⅱ Warming up
T: Have you ever grown any plants If so, what did you do to grow them If not, what kind of plant would you like to grow How will you grow it
S: I have ever grown corn and potatoes. In autumn, my father and I ploughed the soil deep for the first time, then in the next spring, we ploughed the soil for a second time, this time I put the corn seeds into the tunnel following my father. Finally my father covered the corn seeds by ploughing again.
T: Very well. Have you ever been to the countryside What did you do there
S: Yes, I went there to see my grandfather. In the village I played with other boys in the little stream and caught little fish. I even helped my grandfather get in the corn by cutting the corn stems, which made me tired.
T: Are you from a farmer’s family What do you know about farming
S: Yes, my father is a farmer. In my view, farming is hard work. People have to plant crops, smooth away weeds and get in the crops at the right time. They have to get up early to work in the field so as to protect themselves from the sunshine.
T: That’s right. In the north, the biggest worry that farmers have is the drought. When it doesn’t rain, and they can’t irrigate the crops, the crops will die and they will have nothing after hard working.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
1. What are the serious problems the world faces today
Environment
Population
Natural resources
Wars
Poverty
Hunger …
More than 800 million people go to bed
hungry every day. - the World Health
Organization (WHO)
One billion people in the world suffer from
hunger and malnutrition.
About 24,000 people die every day from
hunger or hunger-related causes. Three-
fourths of the deaths are children under the
age of five. -http://www.
2. What can we do to solve world hunger
Control the population
Open more areas for growing
Increase the output of crops
Step Ⅳ Fast Reading
1 What is the main idea of each para
Para1 His dreams
Para2 His personality
Para3 How he thinks of himself and his achievement
para4 His biography
(4,3,1,2)
2 Listen to the tape and complete the following notes about Yuan Long ping.
Name :______________________ Nationality: ____________________
Age:_______________________ Occupation: ____________________
Education: __________________________________________________
Dream : ____________________________________________________
Achievement : _______________________________________________
Hobbies : ___________________________________________________
Answers:
Yuan Longping Chinese 77 scientist/farmer graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 to export his hybrid rice so that it can be grown around the globe in 1974,developed hybrid rice ,which produces1/3 more than normal rice listening to violin music,playing mah-jong ,swimming and reading
Step V Please read the text again and answer these questions.
1 What is special about his rice (make it possible to do …)
This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
2 What is his contribution to the world (thanks to … / rid … of …)
Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
3 What is his attitude to life (be satisfied with … / care about …)
Dr Yuan is satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
Step VI Homework
Finishing the exercises in Learning about Language. Exercise 1, 2 and 3 are about useful words and expressions. Finish them. Next time we’ll check the answers. Ok, class is over. See you next time.
Period 2
Language points
Here are some explanations about the boldface words in our text.
一 vocaburary
1. struggle v to make great efforts
e.g. They have struggled for years to free their country from the enemy.
stuggle to do sth 挣扎做某事
他努力控制住自己的脾气。 He _____ ____ control his temper.
I’m struggling to finish the huge the work you gave me.
2. sunburnt adj sun-tanned
e.g. His sunburnt skin looks healthy.
3. super adj (infml) excellent; splendid
e.g. You’ll like her, she’s super.
You look super in your new clothes.
It was super of you to help.
4. expand v
(cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importance
e.g. Metals expand when they are heated.
Why not try to expand your story into a novel
6. equip v
supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose)
equip sb with sth用……装备 equip sb for sth为……装备
be equipped with 装备有
你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。
Your training will equipe you for your future job.
Translate:
The worker equipped the bike with a head light.
那个工人给自行车装了一个前灯。
7. export v
send (goods) to another country for sale
e.g. India exports tea and cotton to many different countries.
This company has a large home market but doesn’t export.
8 regret
后面常跟动词的ing 形式，只有在对将谈到的事情表示遗憾时用动词的不定式。
Regret doing sth __________________ regret to do sth ______________________
她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。She deeply _____ ______her temper.
Translate:
We regret to inform you that your passport application has been refused.
9. rid ... of make sb/ sth free from (sb/ sth unpleasant)
e.g. We all wish that we would rid the world of famine.
The farmer recently tried to rid the house of rats.
10. lead ... a life, live ... a life
e.g. Now we are leading a happy life.
In the old days farmers led a terrible life in the country.
11. be satisfied with, be content with
e.g. The young lady isn’t satisfied with the peaceful life.
Are you satisfied with his answers
12. would rather, prefer to
would rather do sth
e.g. I’d rather walk than take a bus.
I’d rather you knew that now, than afterwards.
他宁愿到农村去工作。He ______ ______ work in the countryside .
Translate:
I would rather you had gone there,too. __________________________
I’d rather you came text weekend. ___________________________________
Summary:
Would rather +从句，常用虚拟语气。如表示与现在的事实或将来的愿望相反，谓语一般用__________时态；如表示的与过去的事实相反，从句中应用 _________________时态。
二 Some difficult sentences
1.Indeed ,his sunburnt face and arm and his slim ,strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers,for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手背，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他成千上万的中国的农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
For whom… 为______ +引导词 的结构的定语从句，注意，struggle 后面的for 的干扰，for the past five decades是 “过去50年来” Translate:
The man with whom you talked is our manager._______________________________________
They lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tree.
___________________________________________________.
2. Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called supper hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士培植出了超级杂交水稻。 What is called super hybrid rice 是由what 引导的______从句，在整个句子中充当______的_____语，。此外，此结构还可以作_____或_____.
如：请相信我的话。___________________________
他所说的话全是真实的。_______________________________.
3.In 1974,he became the first agriculture pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
本句理解的难点是动词不定时to grow rice that has a high output 作_________,修饰先行词________,注意：前面的序数词first 一起了一定的作用，因为先行词前有__________,后面一般用动词不定时作定语。类似的还有 the second ,the last ,the only 等。翻译：
昨天晚上，约翰最后一个离开教室。______________________________________________.
4.The special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one –thire more of the crop in the same fields.这些特殊的水稻使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
Make it …to do sth 意思是____________________.it 在句中作_________,真正的宾语是_________________________________. 翻译：
好天气使我们下周的旅行成为可能。_____________________________________________.
Answers:1.介词 你刚才给他说话的那个人是我们的经理。 他们住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一颗大树。 名词 grow 的宾语 主语 表语 Please believe what I said . What he said is true. 3.定语 pioneer 序数词 John was the last one to leave the classroom yesterday .4. 使……成为 宾语 to produce one –third more of the crop in the same fields. Good weather makes it possible to make our trip next week.
高考链接
1.In some parts of London ,missing a bus means _____for another hour . (2002,上海 )
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2.Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan . (2004,上海 )
A. his being able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
3.The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby .
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding (2004 江苏 )
4.According to a recent US sursey,children spend up to 25 hours a week ____ TV.
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D.watch (2004 上海 )
5.He go well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C ,to be lost D. being lost (2005 上海 )
6.Progress so far has been very good.___,we are sure that the project will be completed on time.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides (2006 浙江 )
7.Ten years ago the population of our village was _____ that of theirs. (2008 陕西 )
A. as twice large as B. twice as large as
C. twice as much as D. as twice much as
8.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ____their parents speak at home. (2008 浙江 )
A. what B. that C which D one
9.-Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday
________,I’ll visit some homes for the old in the city. (2008 安微 )
A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible
10.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .
A. that B. it C. this D. him
Answers BCCCBCBBDB
PERIOD3
Organic Farming
Teaching aims
To improve the students’ reading ability--- to find the explanation for the words or expressions they do not know in the reading passage.
Teaching aids
Multi-media
Teaching procedures
Step 1: Lead in
What is the substance we put on the soil to make crops grow
It is fertilizer.
How many kinds of fertilizers do farmers use
There are two kinds. They are chemical fertilizers and natural ones.
Which kind do farmers use when they are doing organic farming
Do you know about organic farming Today we’re going to read a passage with the title Organic Farming.
Step 2 : Scanning
Read the first paragraph and find out
1 what organic farming is .
Organic farming means growing crops without chemical fertilizers.
Step 3 : Intensive reading
1 How can Organic farmers make their soil fertile
Organic farmers use natural waste from animals instead of chemical fertilizers.
2 But why don’t they use chemical fertilizers
Because using chemical fertilizers causes problems .
Read the second paragraph and answer-----
3 How many problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers
Three. They are as follows.
Firstly, chemical fertilizers affect the soil and the water supply badly.
Secondly, they allow farmers to grow the same crop year after year and exhaust the oil.
Thirdly, they kill both helpful and harmful pests.
Read the whole passage again and fill in the table.
Advantages of organic farming Reasons
1. Farmers use natural waste from animals. This makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.
2. The soil is not exhausted. Peas and soybeans renew the minerals in the soil. The soil becomes rich and healthy.
3. They use the soil to best advantage. They plant crops that need surface soil and next crops that grow at a deeper level. So the wind and water does not carry away the soil. All the richness of the soil is used.
Step 4 : Discussion
Find out what type of writing the passage is. Discuss how to read and write this kind of passage.
Step 5 : Homework
Read the text and translate the following phrases:
as well as ____________ for a long time ________________
build up ______________ lead to _______________
turn to _________________ focus on ______________
keep（prevent ）…from _______________
Answers:
也 好长时间 逐渐增强；建立；开发 导致； 造成 求助于 集中（注意力，精力等）于 阻止
PERIOD4&5
Grammar
Step1 greet students as usual
Step2 lead-in
Have you ever seen these signs
Parking, spitting, smoking
Step2 Discovering
Find and underline the sentences in the passage that use –ing forms.
Example:
Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. (paragraph 2)
Look at these sentences and tell the functions of the ing form
1.As a young man,he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
2.At that time,hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
3.Dr Yuan researched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
4.Using his hybrid rice ,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
5. He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mah-jong ,swimming and reading.
Answers: 主语 宾语 定语 宾语 状语 宾语
As the object
1.Read the sentences from the text and try to find some rules.
) As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
2) Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
3) He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
4) Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
2. Look at the following sentences. What have you found
1) He suggested doing it in a different way.
2) The president tried to avoid answering the reporter’s questions.
3) I admit having read your letter.
4) Mom agreed to lend me some money.
5) Jack pretended not to see me when he passed.
6) My friend offered to help when I was in trouble.
3. Compare the five pairs of sentences.
A. I forgot mailing your letter.
B. I forgot to mail your letter.
A. Being early may means wasting time.
B. You really mean to go
A. He tried working out the problem another way.
B. He tried to open the back door with the key.
A. You need to take more exercise.
B. The batteries in that toy need changing.
A. The teacher went on to talk about –ing form after a short break.
B. The headteacher went on talking for one hour.
4. Compare the three pairs of sentences.
I’d like to have a cup of coffee.
I like reading novels very much.
I prefer to take the next train.
I prefer going to work by bus.
Oh, I hate to leave you tomorrow.
I hate lying and cheating.
As the object
Verbs with –ing form as their object: admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, quit, suggest, stop, can’t stand, can’t help, be worth
Verbs with the infinitive as their object:
afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem
高考链接：
1.Isn’t it time you got down to ______the papers (2006 重庆 )
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
2.Ergene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use ____with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argured D. having argued (2006 江苏 )
3.The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. (2006 上海 )
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
4.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents .She tried _____ alone,but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008 湖南 )
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
5.-They are quiet,aren’t they
- Yes .They accustomed ______at meals. (2008 江苏 )
A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking
6.You can’t imagine what diffculty we had ____ home in the snowstorm. (2007 辽宁 )
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D.walking
Answers: DBCADD
Step3 homework Do Exercises 1 and 2 on page 50.
PERIOD6
Writing
以 “ How to Protect Eyes ” 为题写一篇短文，说明保护视力的重要性和主要措施。
主要措施：1 用眼时间不能太长；
2 阅读时，眼睛与书应保持一英尺左右的距离；
3 不能在昏暗或强烈的阳光下读书，也不要在车上，床上读书；
4 坚持每日做眼保健操。
附：参考范文
How to Protect Your Eyes
“ Eyes are windows of the soul”, people often say. Everyone understands how important the eyes are. But how to protect eyesight remains a question among us students, at least many of us.
If you want to protect your eyesight, you must pay attention to the following points.
Firstly, you should not keep your eyes working long time.After you have studied for a long time, about an hour or so, you’d better have a rest by looking in the long distance.Secondly, you should keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it. You should also keep in mind, “ Don’t read in a dim light or in the sun; don’t read in the moving bus or in bed.” Doing eye-exercises will help you keep good eyesight.
If you fail to keep these rules, you will become
short-sighted sooner or later.