高中英语语法省略
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高二英语模块八第二单元语法-----省略 （Ellipsis）
Designers：YaoFeng & Teng Yan
1. 简单句中的省略
(1) 省略主语
Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。 Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
（2） 省略谓语或宾语的一部分。 Anything I can do for you？需要我帮忙吗？
（3） 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）。 Why not say hello to her？ 为什么不跟她问好？
对话中的省略，常省略主谓语或其他成分，使对话更加简洁。
--- Do you understand me？ ---Yes. Perfectly. = I understand you perfectly.
2. 并列句中的省略
两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分。
I study at college and my sister （studies）at night school.
My father is a doctor and my mother （is）a nurse.
省略句的特殊结构 （Give me） One more week，and I will accomplish the task.
One more step，and I’ll kill you. / More efforts， and you’ll succeed.
3. 复合句中的省略
（1） 由when， unless，while，if，though，as long as，whenever，wherever，as soon as 等词引导的状语从句，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，省略从句主语及系动词be。
When ( I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.
While ( I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.
The letter is to be left here until ( it is) called for.
Though born in America, he wrote a lot about China.
(2) when(或if,where,when…)+possible/necessary 等时，可理解为中间省略了it is(或was)
Answer these questions if ( it is) possible.
When (it is) necessary, you can help us to do something.
Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
除了if necessary，if possible外， 还有其他if 省略结构 。如：if not， if so， if any
Get up early tomorrow. If not, you’ll miss the first bus.
He may not be at home. If (it is) so, leave him a note.
Please correct the mistakes in my composition, if (there are) any.
(3).定语从句中, 在direction,way，distance,time,times等后面所接的定语从句中,常省略that,which,in which.
The direction(in which)we move a body can be changed.
The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300 000 kilometers.
I don’t like the way (in which) you speak to your mother.
（4）由as if引导的从句，也常常省略从句主语及系动词be.
Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. He fell off the horse as if（he were）shot.
as/ than也常出现在省略结构中。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 比预料的更有趣。
He came early as expected. / The meeting goes smoothly as planned.
She is younger than thought.
4. 不定式的省略
在一定的语境中,在某些动词(如:want,wish,hope,like,love,promise等)之后,可省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to 。
（1）Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
（2）–Are you going there ---I’d love to (go there).
（3）Don’t leave until you are told to.
（4）—Shall I go instead of him ---I prefer not to.
翻译：
1. 当我在北京时，我经常去拜访他。
2. 尽管被告诉要严守这个秘密，他还是无意中泄露了.。
3. 明天早上早点起床，否则你将错过第一班车。
4. 必要的话，我会通知你这件事。
5. 这次考试比原来预料的要困难得多。
6. 他拿出字典好像要查找东西。
单项填空
1.One side of the board should be painted blue, and ________ .
A. the other is yellow B. another is yellow C. the other yellow D. another yellow
2．When first _______to the market,these products enjoyed great success.(2004全国卷II)
A.intruducing B. introduced C.introduce D.being introducing
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_______whether he was going in the right direction.(2003年安徽卷)
A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see
4. Gernerlly speaking,______according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(2003年上海卷)
A.when taking B.when taken C when to take D.when to be taken
5. It is much colder today than _______.
A. it is yesterday B. that yesterday C. yesterday D. on yesterday
6. The work was finished sooner than ________ .
A. expecting B. expected C. we expected D. we has expected
7. My uncle has gone to either Shanghai or Guangzhou. I can’t remember_____.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
8. ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
---I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
9.---You should have thanked her before you left.
---I meant ________ ., but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
10．Have you got a free evening next week _________, let’s have a dinner.
A. While so B .Since so C. When so D. If so
11. I wonder why you won’t do it as ________ and it’s the third time you have done so.
A. told you B. be told C. told to D. you told
12. The pianos in the other shop will be ________, but _______ .
A. cheaper ; not as better B. cheaper ; not as good
C. more cheap ; not as better D. more cheap ; not as good
_ for the tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
[解析]答案C。本题考查.虚拟语气省掉if时的倒装形式，根据主句的谓语形式，从句应是对过去事实的虚拟，用过去完成时态。
[解析]答案D。[解析] 本题考查答语中的省略，完整的回答是“I can’t remember which city he has gone to.”
[解析答案C。[解析] 本题考查动词时态和不定式符号to后面的省略。对话的意思是：Alice，你昨天为什么不来，我打算来的，但来了一位不速之客。was going to 后面承前省略了come。
[解析] 答案C.本题考查状语从句的省略，yesterday前省略了it was。故答案为C.。。
[解析] 答案B．本题考查比较状语从句中的省略和形容词用法。But引导的并列分句补充完整后应为but the pianos in the other shop is not as good as the piano in our shop.也可由形容词知识排除A、C、D。
6. Will you please correct my mistakes in my design, ________
A. can you B. will you C. if many D. if any
[解析] 答案D．这是一句省略了的条件状语从句。补全后的状语从句为：if there are any mistakes.
[解析] 答案B．本题考查比较状语从句中的省略，补充完整后应为than it was expected.
8.--I didn’t see her yesterday. I look for her everywhere, but couldn’t find her.
---Oh, but you ______. She was working in the office.
A. must B. ought to
C. must have D. ought to have
[解析] 答案D．本题考查不定式省略。完整的应为：but you ought to have found her.此处用不定式的完成式而不用不定式的一般式，是由于其意义所坚定：你应该能找到她的。
[解析] 答案C．本题考查并列句中的省略。And引导的并列分句完整表达应为：and the other side of the board should be painted yellow.
[解析] 答案．B．不定式的省略时要保留to。另外，mean to do sth.意为：打算做某事；mean doing sth.则表示“意味着。。。。。。”
[解析] 答案C．as ( you’re ) told to，主句与从句主语相同，从句采用省略形式，而不定式所带的动作与前面一致的话，保留不定式符合to即可（to不能省）。
12 ---Would you be able to go to the party
---______ .
A. I don’t expect B. I’m afraid not
C. I don’t think so D. I believe not
[解析] 答案B．I’m afraid not是一个简略句式，完整的应是I am afraid I will not be able to go to the party。
[解析] 答案D．空白处在句中应为条件状语从句，补充上“假如这样的话”才够完整。If so是If you have got a free evening next week的省略形式。而while“转折”，when“当。。。。。。时候”，since“从。。。。。。开始”,三项的搭配均不正确。故选D。
14．The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _________ studying.
A. hated B. was
C. had D. did
[解析] 答案D．did在此是代动词，指代上文的spent，以避免重复。
三、【课时练习】
I．单项选择（20分）
[解析] 答案B .When first introduced=when these products were first introduced
2. It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when __________at the
Meeting by my boss.(2004全国卷IV)
A.questioning B.having questioned
C.questioning D.to be questioned
[解析] 答案C.when questioned=when I was questioned
[解析] 答案B.when taken =when the drug is taken
5----I’ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat
A.I have no time B.I’d rather not
C.I’d like it D.I’d be happy to
【解析】答案D.I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat.
6..A suggestion has come up at the meeting,which deserves_______.
Ato consider B being consdering
C.to be considered Dto considering
【解析】答案C。deserve to be done=doing 意思是”值得做….”
7.Mr Smith said that he did not want to _____very further responsibilities.
A. Take on B put up C.get on D look up
【解析】答案A.take on 表示”承担,呈现”
8.The coming of the railways in the 1830S______our society and economic life.
A transformed B.transported C.transplanted D.translated
【解析】答案A. transform 意思是”转变”
9.It was sp dark ourside that the child didn’t ________.
A. dare to go out to fetch some water
B. dare fetch some water
C. dare to go out bring some water
D. to dare to fetch some water
【解析】答案A. dare 用在肯定句中是实义动词,其后接to do.tofetch…是目的状语.
10.If you ______your promise,the results will besure to satisfy you.
A.carry out Bcarry on Ckeep up D make up
【解析】答案A.carry out one’s promise意思是”实践诺言”
11.We can’t ______one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A hope Bwait C.expect D.imagine
【解析】答案C. expect sb to do意思是”期待某人做…”表示说话者认为某事有很大的客观可能性.hope后不 接sb to do sht.imagine后则要接”one’s doing”
12.This novel is ______in the modern city,San Francisco,so once______,it will be very popular.
A put;publishes B.set;having published
Cput;publishing D.set;published
【解析】答案D .be set in 表示”以……为背景”,once published 表示条件;published 与it 是被动关系.
13.Once you make a promise,you should ______it.
A carry out B.hold C.keep up D.not break
【解析】答案D break one’s promise表示”食言”
14. __ _______by the noise,they had to finish the meeting early.
A.Being disturbed B.disturbed
C Disturbing D having disturbed
【解析】答案B .disturbed 表示”干扰,打扰”该动作发生在finish之前,并与they是被动关系.
15.-----Did you call Mr Jackson
-------No,because he said he would rathere not ______disturbed this morning.
A.to be B.being C.be D.been
【解析】答案C. would rather not do意思是”不愿意做….”
16.Selly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _______;
A.intention B.atempt C.purpose D.desire
【解析】答案B. on one’s first attmpt表示”第一次尝试>”
17.It was after he got what he had desired ______he realized it was not so important.(2006年辽宁卷)
Athat Bwhen C.since D.as
【解析】答案A. It was ….that 是强调结构
18.The conference room can ______about 100 people,so I don’t think it is too small for us to have a meeting.
A.hire B employ C.take D.hold
【解析】答案D .hold 表示”容纳”
19.The French pianist who had been prasied veru highly______to be a great disappointment.
A.turned up Bturned out C.turned in D.turned down
【解析】答案B.turn out to be意思是”结果(证明)是”
20.If the whole operation ______beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
Awas not planned B has not been planned
C.had not been planned D.were not planned
【解析】答案C. 从主句谓语动词would have been lost可以看出,此条件句表示的是与过去事实相反的条件句,故用了虚拟语气.
（1） 状语从句的省略
在 when， unless，while，if，though，as long as，whenever，wherever，as soon as 等词引导的状语从句中，若从句主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中包含be 或从句中是 “it is +adj.”时，可以把从句中的主语和be 或it is 省略， 用连词直接跟分词或形容词这一结构。 Eg： You must practise speaking English whenever （it is） possible.
Please give me a hand if （it is）possible.
If any, please give me some.
在than 或as…as 引导的从句中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
He has made greater progress than ( he did) before/ever.
He came home earlier than (he was) expected.
（2）虚拟语气中的省略
省略非真实条件主句。 Eg： If only I were you.
条件句中的连接词if省略。
如果非真实条件从句中有had /should/ were
Designers：YaoFeng & Teng Yan
1. 简单句中的省略
(1) 省略主语
Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。 Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
（2） 省略谓语或宾语的一部分。 Anything I can do for you？需要我帮忙吗？
（3） 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）。 Why not say hello to her？ 为什么不跟她问好？
对话中的省略，常省略主谓语或其他成分，使对话更加简洁。
--- Do you understand me？ ---Yes. Perfectly. = I understand you perfectly.
2. 并列句中的省略
两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分。
I study at college and my sister （studies）at night school.
My father is a doctor and my mother （is）a nurse.
省略句的特殊结构 （Give me） One more week，and I will accomplish the task.
One more step，and I’ll kill you. / More efforts， and you’ll succeed.
3. 复合句中的省略
（1） 由when， unless，while，if，though，as long as，whenever，wherever，as soon as 等词引导的状语从句，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，省略从句主语及系动词be。
When ( I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.
While ( I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.
The letter is to be left here until ( it is) called for.
Though born in America, he wrote a lot about China.
(2) when(或if,where,when…)+possible/necessary 等时，可理解为中间省略了it is(或was)
Answer these questions if ( it is) possible.
When (it is) necessary, you can help us to do something.
Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
除了if necessary，if possible外， 还有其他if 省略结构 。如：if not， if so， if any
Get up early tomorrow. If not, you’ll miss the first bus.
He may not be at home. If (it is) so, leave him a note.
Please correct the mistakes in my composition, if (there are) any.
(3).定语从句中, 在direction,way，distance,time,times等后面所接的定语从句中,常省略that,which,in which.
The direction(in which)we move a body can be changed.
The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300 000 kilometers.
I don’t like the way (in which) you speak to your mother.
（4）由as if引导的从句，也常常省略从句主语及系动词be.
Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. He fell off the horse as if（he were）shot.
as/ than也常出现在省略结构中。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 比预料的更有趣。
He came early as expected. / The meeting goes smoothly as planned.
She is younger than thought.
4. 不定式的省略
在一定的语境中,在某些动词(如:want,wish,hope,like,love,promise等)之后,可省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to 。
（1）Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
（2）–Are you going there ---I’d love to (go there).
（3）Don’t leave until you are told to.
（4）—Shall I go instead of him ---I prefer not to.
翻译：
1. 当我在北京时，我经常去拜访他。
2. 尽管被告诉要严守这个秘密，他还是无意中泄露了.。
3. 明天早上早点起床，否则你将错过第一班车。
4. 必要的话，我会通知你这件事。
5. 这次考试比原来预料的要困难得多。
6. 他拿出字典好像要查找东西。
单项填空
1.One side of the board should be painted blue, and ________ .
A. the other is yellow B. another is yellow C. the other yellow D. another yellow
2．When first _______to the market,these products enjoyed great success.(2004全国卷II)
A.intruducing B. introduced C.introduce D.being introducing
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_______whether he was going in the right direction.(2003年安徽卷)
A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see
4. Gernerlly speaking,______according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(2003年上海卷)
A.when taking B.when taken C when to take D.when to be taken
5. It is much colder today than _______.
A. it is yesterday B. that yesterday C. yesterday D. on yesterday
6. The work was finished sooner than ________ .
A. expecting B. expected C. we expected D. we has expected
7. My uncle has gone to either Shanghai or Guangzhou. I can’t remember_____.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
8. ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
---I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
9.---You should have thanked her before you left.
---I meant ________ ., but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
10．Have you got a free evening next week _________, let’s have a dinner.
A. While so B .Since so C. When so D. If so
11. I wonder why you won’t do it as ________ and it’s the third time you have done so.
A. told you B. be told C. told to D. you told
12. The pianos in the other shop will be ________, but _______ .
A. cheaper ; not as better B. cheaper ; not as good
C. more cheap ; not as better D. more cheap ; not as good
_ for the tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
[解析]答案C。本题考查.虚拟语气省掉if时的倒装形式，根据主句的谓语形式，从句应是对过去事实的虚拟，用过去完成时态。
[解析]答案D。[解析] 本题考查答语中的省略，完整的回答是“I can’t remember which city he has gone to.”
[解析答案C。[解析] 本题考查动词时态和不定式符号to后面的省略。对话的意思是：Alice，你昨天为什么不来，我打算来的，但来了一位不速之客。was going to 后面承前省略了come。
[解析] 答案C.本题考查状语从句的省略，yesterday前省略了it was。故答案为C.。。
[解析] 答案B．本题考查比较状语从句中的省略和形容词用法。But引导的并列分句补充完整后应为but the pianos in the other shop is not as good as the piano in our shop.也可由形容词知识排除A、C、D。
6. Will you please correct my mistakes in my design, ________
A. can you B. will you C. if many D. if any
[解析] 答案D．这是一句省略了的条件状语从句。补全后的状语从句为：if there are any mistakes.
[解析] 答案B．本题考查比较状语从句中的省略，补充完整后应为than it was expected.
8.--I didn’t see her yesterday. I look for her everywhere, but couldn’t find her.
---Oh, but you ______. She was working in the office.
A. must B. ought to
C. must have D. ought to have
[解析] 答案D．本题考查不定式省略。完整的应为：but you ought to have found her.此处用不定式的完成式而不用不定式的一般式，是由于其意义所坚定：你应该能找到她的。
[解析] 答案C．本题考查并列句中的省略。And引导的并列分句完整表达应为：and the other side of the board should be painted yellow.
[解析] 答案．B．不定式的省略时要保留to。另外，mean to do sth.意为：打算做某事；mean doing sth.则表示“意味着。。。。。。”
[解析] 答案C．as ( you’re ) told to，主句与从句主语相同，从句采用省略形式，而不定式所带的动作与前面一致的话，保留不定式符合to即可（to不能省）。
12 ---Would you be able to go to the party
---______ .
A. I don’t expect B. I’m afraid not
C. I don’t think so D. I believe not
[解析] 答案B．I’m afraid not是一个简略句式，完整的应是I am afraid I will not be able to go to the party。
[解析] 答案D．空白处在句中应为条件状语从句，补充上“假如这样的话”才够完整。If so是If you have got a free evening next week的省略形式。而while“转折”，when“当。。。。。。时候”，since“从。。。。。。开始”,三项的搭配均不正确。故选D。
14．The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _________ studying.
A. hated B. was
C. had D. did
[解析] 答案D．did在此是代动词，指代上文的spent，以避免重复。
三、【课时练习】
I．单项选择（20分）
[解析] 答案B .When first introduced=when these products were first introduced
2. It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when __________at the
Meeting by my boss.(2004全国卷IV)
A.questioning B.having questioned
C.questioning D.to be questioned
[解析] 答案C.when questioned=when I was questioned
[解析] 答案B.when taken =when the drug is taken
5----I’ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat
A.I have no time B.I’d rather not
C.I’d like it D.I’d be happy to
【解析】答案D.I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat.
6..A suggestion has come up at the meeting,which deserves_______.
Ato consider B being consdering
C.to be considered Dto considering
【解析】答案C。deserve to be done=doing 意思是”值得做….”
7.Mr Smith said that he did not want to _____very further responsibilities.
A. Take on B put up C.get on D look up
【解析】答案A.take on 表示”承担,呈现”
8.The coming of the railways in the 1830S______our society and economic life.
A transformed B.transported C.transplanted D.translated
【解析】答案A. transform 意思是”转变”
9.It was sp dark ourside that the child didn’t ________.
A. dare to go out to fetch some water
B. dare fetch some water
C. dare to go out bring some water
D. to dare to fetch some water
【解析】答案A. dare 用在肯定句中是实义动词,其后接to do.tofetch…是目的状语.
10.If you ______your promise,the results will besure to satisfy you.
A.carry out Bcarry on Ckeep up D make up
【解析】答案A.carry out one’s promise意思是”实践诺言”
11.We can’t ______one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A hope Bwait C.expect D.imagine
【解析】答案C. expect sb to do意思是”期待某人做…”表示说话者认为某事有很大的客观可能性.hope后不 接sb to do sht.imagine后则要接”one’s doing”
12.This novel is ______in the modern city,San Francisco,so once______,it will be very popular.
A put;publishes B.set;having published
Cput;publishing D.set;published
【解析】答案D .be set in 表示”以……为背景”,once published 表示条件;published 与it 是被动关系.
13.Once you make a promise,you should ______it.
A carry out B.hold C.keep up D.not break
【解析】答案D break one’s promise表示”食言”
14. __ _______by the noise,they had to finish the meeting early.
A.Being disturbed B.disturbed
C Disturbing D having disturbed
【解析】答案B .disturbed 表示”干扰,打扰”该动作发生在finish之前,并与they是被动关系.
15.-----Did you call Mr Jackson
-------No,because he said he would rathere not ______disturbed this morning.
A.to be B.being C.be D.been
【解析】答案C. would rather not do意思是”不愿意做….”
16.Selly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _______;
A.intention B.atempt C.purpose D.desire
【解析】答案B. on one’s first attmpt表示”第一次尝试>”
17.It was after he got what he had desired ______he realized it was not so important.(2006年辽宁卷)
Athat Bwhen C.since D.as
【解析】答案A. It was ….that 是强调结构
18.The conference room can ______about 100 people,so I don’t think it is too small for us to have a meeting.
A.hire B employ C.take D.hold
【解析】答案D .hold 表示”容纳”
19.The French pianist who had been prasied veru highly______to be a great disappointment.
A.turned up Bturned out C.turned in D.turned down
【解析】答案B.turn out to be意思是”结果(证明)是”
20.If the whole operation ______beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
Awas not planned B has not been planned
C.had not been planned D.were not planned
【解析】答案C. 从主句谓语动词would have been lost可以看出,此条件句表示的是与过去事实相反的条件句,故用了虚拟语气.
（1） 状语从句的省略
在 when， unless，while，if，though，as long as，whenever，wherever，as soon as 等词引导的状语从句中，若从句主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中包含be 或从句中是 “it is +adj.”时，可以把从句中的主语和be 或it is 省略， 用连词直接跟分词或形容词这一结构。 Eg： You must practise speaking English whenever （it is） possible.
Please give me a hand if （it is）possible.
If any, please give me some.
在than 或as…as 引导的从句中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
He has made greater progress than ( he did) before/ever.
He came home earlier than (he was) expected.
（2）虚拟语气中的省略
省略非真实条件主句。 Eg： If only I were you.
条件句中的连接词if省略。
如果非真实条件从句中有had /should/ were