中考复习资料(词组,时态和常用搭配)

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名称 中考复习资料(词组,时态和常用搭配)
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资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2009-05-24 18:51:00

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只能跟动词原形的结构
1. Why don’t you do sth =Why not do sth 你为什么不做某事呢?
2. You’d (had) better (not)do sth 你最好(别)做某事
3. Shall I /we do sth 我们做某事好吗?
4. Let/make/have sb do sth 使/让某人做某事
5. help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
6. Please do sth请做某事
7. Please don’t do sth =Don’t do sth ,please 请不要做某事
8. watch/see/hear sb do sth 看/听见某人做某事
9. would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事也不愿意做某事
10. would rather do sth宁愿做某事
11. notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事
12. used to do sth 过去常常做某事
13. be able to do sth 能/会做某事
14. have to do sth 必须做某事
15. will/would/can/could you please (not)do sth 请你(不要)做某事好吗?
16. 情态动词(can,must,would……)+do
17. 助动词(do, does, did) +do
既可以跟动词ing 形式又可以跟动词不定式的结构
1. like doing sth/to do sth喜欢做某事
2. start/begin doing sth/to do sth 开始做某事/
3. stop doing sth/to do sth 停止手中正在做的事/停下来做某事
4. go on doing sth/to do sth 继续做原来做着的事/接着做另外一件事
5. remember doing sth/to do sth 记得过去曾经做过某事/记住去做某事
6. forget doing sth/to do sth 忘记曾经做过的事/忘记去做某事
7. try doing sth/to do sth 试着做某事/尽力做某事
8. hate doing sth/to do sth 讨厌做某事
9. continue doing sth/to do sth继续做某事/继续做另外一件事
10. can’t/couldn’t help doing sth/to do sth 情不自禁做某事/不能帮助做某事
只能跟动词不定式的结构
1. be/get ready to do sth 准备做某事
2. be careful to do sth阳小心做某事
3. get together to do sth 聚在一起做某事
4. sb’s dream is to do sth 某人的梦想是做某事
5. pretend to do sth 假装做某事
6. be willing to do sth 乐意做某事
7. be eager to do sth期望做某事
8. hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙做某事
9. remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
10. expect to do sth 期望做某事
11. so as to do sth =in order to do sth 为了做某事
12. lead sb to do sth引导某人做某事
13. be sure to do sth 一定要做某事
14. prefer to do sth 玩喜欢做某事
15. wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做某事
16. go out of one’s turn to do sth 特地做某事
17. It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
18. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
19. want (sb)to do sth 想要(某)人做某事
20. would like (sb)to do 想要(某人)做某事
21. afford to do sth 承担起做某事
22. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
23. don’t forget to do sth 别忘记做某事
24. (You must)Remember to do sth (你必须)记住去做某事
25. It’s time (for sb)to do sth =It’s time for sth 该做某事了
26. decide to do sth 决定做某事=make a decision to do sth
27. It’s +adj+(for/of sb)to do sth 对某人来说做某事……
28. agree/disagree to do sth (不)同意做某事
29. ask/tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人(不)要某事
30. be made to do sth 被迫去做某事
31. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事=ask sb to do sth
32. fail to do sth 做某事失败
33. hope/wish to do sth 期望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
34. sb needs to do sth 某人需要做某事
35. can’t/couldn’t wait to do sth 迫不及待的想做某事
36. It’s takes/took sb some time to do sth 某物花了某人多长时间
37. the chance to do sth 做某事的契机
38. be the first one to do 是做某事的第一个
39. make plans to do sth 制定计划做某事
40. there is no reason to do sth 没理由做某事
41. plan to do sth 打算(计划)做某事
42. have sth to do 有某事要做
43. seem to do sth 看起来似乎要做
44. sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做了某事
45. be supposed to do sth被期望做某事
46. allow sb to do sth 被允许做某事
47. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
48. It’s better/best to do sth 最好做某事
49. take care(not)to do sth 小心(不要)做某事
50. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
51. try (not)to do sth 尽量(不要)做某事
52. the best way to do sth = the way of doing sth 做某事的方法
53. sb find/think/feek+it+adj+to do sth 某人发现/认为/觉得做某事怎么样
54. teach sb(how)to do sth 教某人(如何)做某事
55. be afraid to do sth 不敢去做某事=be terrified to do sth
56. learn to do sth 学会做某事
57. It’s one’s duty to do sth 某人的责任是做某事
58. try/do one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事
59. used to do sth 过去常常做某事
60. be used to do sth 被用来做某事
61. use sth do sth 用某物来做某事
62. have a chance/an opportunity to do sth 有机会做某事
63. volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事
64. offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
65. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
66. can’t afford to do 负担不起……
67. time is no time to do sth 没时间做某事
68. get sb to do sth 使某人做某事
69. warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不要)做某事
70. adj/adv +enough to do sth ……足够……做某事
71. ask ,choose ,decide, forget, know ,learn, see,show,teach,tell,understand,find out+特殊疑问句(why除外)+to do sth
72. be glad/happy/pleased/lucky/sorry/sad/able/ready/difficult to do sth(形容词后跟动词不定式)介词词组
be made from/of 由……制成
be(am/is/are)from=came from 来自
across from 在……的对面
hear from 收到某人来信
from……to…… 从……到……
drop down from 某物从某处掉下
stay/keep away from 远离……
keep/prevent/stop sb from (doing)sth
learn from sb 向某人学习
learn from each other 相互学习
concentrate on sth/doing sth 全神贯注做某事
on time 准时 in time 及时
play a joke (jokes) on sb 和某人开玩笑
operate on sb 给某人做手术
on /in the tree 在树上(本身)
on/in the wall 在墙上
agree on sb 与某人达成一致
on duty 值日
congratulate sb on sth 就某事向某人祝贺
on foot 步行
depend upon 视……而定;决定于
put on 穿上(衣服)
put……on…… 把……放在……上
turn on 打开
work on 从事;忙于
sb spend/spent some time/money on sth 某物花了某人多少时间/金钱
keep on doing sth 继续/一直做某妻
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
go on to do sth 接着做某事
go on doing sth 继续做某某事
go on vacation 去渡假
on weekends 在周末
on one’s way to 在去……的路上
on the right/left 在右/左边
get on /off下/上车
later on 晚些时候
be on + 某一队 是……的成员
on display 陈列;摆出
on show 陈列;摆出
from now on 从今以后
on a visit to …… 在某地参观
on business 做生意;出差
on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
on the farm 在农场
on the/ top of…… 在……的顶部
on watch 守望
on the radio 通过无线电
on the phone 在接电话
on the ground 在地上
on fire 失火
live on ……以……为生
of one’s own 某人自己
be based on 以……为基础
on the other side of 在……的另一边
on weekdays 在工作日
on the way 在路上
on TV 在电视上播放
with the light on 让灯开着
be on sale 廉价出售
on the mountains 在山上
pay for 付……的钱
ask for 询问
look for 寻找
be late for 因……而迟到
be used for 使用
care for 关心
stand for 代表;象征
be ready for 为……作准备
leave for 前往某地
work for…… 为……而工作
study for exams 学习备考
ask sb for sth 向某人要求做某事
do sth for fun 做某事寻欢乐
send for sth 派某人去请某人
be famous as/for 作为……而出名
provide sth for sb/offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物
mistake……for…… 把……误认为……
wait for…… 等候……
thanks for sth/doing sth 为……而感谢
love for…… 对……的爱
respect for 对……的尊敬
the train for 开往……的火车
make a plan for 为……制定计划
be in time for 赶上做某事
for example=for instance 例如
be sorry for 因……抱歉
get ready for …… 为……准备好
call for 要求
wait for sb to do sth 等某人做某事
sb pay some money for sth 某物花了某物花了某人多少钱
be good for…… 对……有好处
be bad for…… 对……有坏处
It’time for sth 该做某事了
Make sth for sb/make sb sth为某人做某事
buy sth for sb/buy sb sth 给某人买某物
Play against…… 与……相对抗
not……until 直到……才……
as……as…… 像………一样
As……as possible 尽可能
as usual 像往常一样
as long as 只要
as if 好像
as well 也,还
break into 闯进
break out 爆发
carry out 实施
come about 发生
cut down 削减
the way to do sth …… ……的方法
get to 到达
point to 指……
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be friendly to sb 对某人友好
agree to sth(plan,suggestion)同意某人的计划/意见
hold on to doing sth 坚持做某事
relay to the letter 回信
donate……to…… 把………捐赠给……
lead to…… 导致……
look forword to+n/代宾/v-ing 期望……
speak to sb/talk to/with sb 与…谈话
write to sb=write a letter to sb 给某人写信
in order to 为了
give sb sth =give sth to sb 把某物给某人
be good to sb 对某人好
be bad to sb 对某人不好
next to 在……的旁边
show sb sth=show sth to sb把某物拿给某人看
sell sb sth=sell sth to sb 把某物卖给某人
more to+地名 搬到某地
move into+地名 搬到某地
rent sth to sb 把某物租给某人
close to 接近
to one’s surprise 令人吃惊的是
have nothing to do with 与……无关
have something to do with 与……有关
say hello to sb 向某人问好
heart-to-heart 心心相印
face to face 面对面
attitude to/towards sb 对某人的态度
drop off 放下
fall off 掉下
take off 起飞
see off 为某人送行
go off 发出响声
get off 下车
day off 休息
turn off 关上
set off 起程
put off 延期
run off 跑掉
break off 突然中断
give off 放出
the answer to … 的答案
prefer sth/sb to sth/sb 喜欢……不喜欢……
prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做某事,而不喜欢做某事
the sdutions to…… 解决某事的方法
the key to…… ……的钥匙/关键
belong to sb 属于某人的
offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物
be willing to do sth 将做某事
lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
feed sth to sb/sth 给某人/某物喂某物
add……to…… 把……加到……上
move to +地名 搬到某地
come over to +地名 顺便来访
go over 复习
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
look like 看起来像
sound like 听起来像
without permission 未经允许
be similar to 与……相似
be realistic about 对……很现实
be serious about 对……很认真
during the Spring Festival 在春节期间
tie……to…… 把……拴在……
by the way 顺便说说
by bus/take the bus 乖公车
by hand 手工
day by day 日复一日
by doing sth 通过做某事
by the end of 在……底以前
by an by 逐渐地
by accident/chance 偶然
by land 走陆地
by sea 走水路
by oneself 独自
by radio/fax/the internet 通过无线电广播/传真/因特网
by mistake 错误地
by the time当……时候
by taxi 乖出租车
by plane 乖飞机
by ship乖船
by train 坐火车
by boat 坐船
be covered with被……覆盖
by car 乖小汽车
by bike 骑自行车
all by oneself 独自
be amazed at……
be made by sb 由……制造
a cup of 一杯
a pair of 一副
a number of 许多
take care of 照顾
hear of 听说
be proud of 引以为豪
be full of 或be filled with 装着……
the city of Beijing 北京市
hundreds of 成千上万
It’s very kind of sb
speak highly of sb/sth高度评价某人某物
lots of 许多的
think of 认为
be afraid of 害怕
be terrified of 害怕
a map of world 世界地图
of course 当然
instead of 代替
a waste of time 浪费时间
the danger of sth/doing sth 做某事的危害
be confident of sth/doing sth 对某事有信心
remind sb of/about sb/sth 使某人想想某人/某物
be sure of…… 对……有把握
dream of/about sb/sth 梦想,做某事
fed up of sb/sth 厌烦某人/某物
the capital of ………的首都/省会
jump out of 从……跳出来
be careful 当心,小心
plenty of 许多的
at the beginning 在……的开始
out of work 失业
be tired of 讨厌……
a set of 一套
in front of 在……的前面(包括在内)
take photos of sb /sth 给某人照相
out of question 一定
out of the question 办不到的,不可能的
the secret of sth/doing sth 做某事的诀窍一、只能跟动词ing形式的结构
1. by doing sth 通过做某事
2. practice doing 练习做某事
3. mind doing sth 介意做某事
4.keep(on) doing sth 继续做某事
5.allow doing sth 允许做某事  
6. 介词后跟动词的ing形式
7.escape doing sth 避免做某事
8. suggest doing sth 建议做某事
9.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
10. finish doing sth 完成做某事
11.be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
12.be tired of doing sth 对做某事感到厌烦
13. be confident of doing sth 有信心做某事
14. be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
15. be afraid/terrified of doing sth 害怕去做某事 
16.be/get interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣
17.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事  
18. be worth doing sth 值得做某事
19.be against doing sth 反对做某事  
20. be good at sth/ doing sth 或do well in sth/doing sth擅长(做)某事
21.the way of doing sth 做某事的方法  
22.the secret of sth/doing sth (做)某事的秘诀
23. the importance of sth/doing sth (做)某事的重要性
24. the danger of sth/doing sth (做)某事的危害
25. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
plain about doing sth 埋怨做某事
27. give up doing sth 放弃做某事   
28. succeed in doing sth 做某事成功
29. thanks/thank you for doing sth 感谢做某事
30. dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事
31. put off doing sth 推迟做某事 
32. pay attention to doing sth 对做某事留心
33. have fun (in)doing sth 做某事感到愉快  
34. look forward to doing sth期盼做某事
35. make a living (by) doing sth 靠做某事来谋生
36. be found of doing sth喜欢做某事
37. make a contribution to doing sth 为做某事作贡献
38. appreciate doing sth 感激做某事39. hold on to doing sth 坚持做某事 
40. consider doing sth 考虑做某事
41. feel about doing sth考虑做某事 
42. can’t stand doing sth 容忍不了做某事
43. find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事  
44. keep sb/sth doing sth 让某人/物一直做某事
45. prefer doing sth to doing sth 更喜欢做某事,也不喜欢做某事
46.stop/prevent/keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
47. sb spend/spent some time/money (in) doing sth 某人花了多少时间/金钱做某事
48. have some trouble/problems/difficulties (in) doing sth做某事有困难
49. would you mind(one’s) /sb (not)doing sth 你介意(某人)(不)做某事吗?
50. How/ what about doing sth 做某事怎么样
51. stay up doing sth熬夜做某事
52. concentrate on doing sth 全神贯注做某事 
53. instead of doing sth 代替做某事
此外,有些固定结构中用动词-ing的形式
the reading room 阅览室  the sitting room 起居室  the waiting room 候车/诊室
the sleeping car 卧铺车厢 the shopping list 购物单 the shopping basket 购物筐 the starting line 起点线 the finishing line 终点线 the writhing brush 毛笔 the meeting room 会议室 the living room 起居室 the dinning room 厨房
go shopping 去购物  go swimming 去游泳  go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 钓鱼 go surfing 去冲浪 go boating 去 go hiking 去远足 go water-skating去划水 go scuba ding 去潜水 go camping 去野营 go sightseeing 去观光旅行 go bike riding 骑自行车 do some washing 洗衣服 do some running 跑步 do some reading 阅读 do some cooking 做饭 do some walking 散步 do some cleaning 打扫 do some shopping 购物
二、含有up的词组
look up查阅,向上看 give up放弃 wake up醒来 call up 打电话 clean up打扫干净turn up 调大 stand up 站起来 clear up 清除 show up 出席  pick up捡起
stay up 熬夜  get up起床 make up 组成 dress up 装扮 think up想出cheer up 使……振奋 cut up切 put up张贴、搭建、举起fix up修理 open up开设 shut up 关闭 ring up 打电话给 eat up 把……吃光 hurry up赶快 come up升起来 hands up举手 send up 发射 set up建立 use up用完 end up以……结束
三、turn构成的词组
turn on打开(电源) turn off关闭(电源):起飞;脱下 turn to sb/sth 向某人/物求助 turn up 把(音量)……调大 turn down把(音量)……调小 turn left 左转 turn right右转 turn over翻转 take turns to do sth轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
四、含有off的词组
set off 起程 take off 起飞 put off延期go off 闹响、爆炸、离开fall off 从……地方落下 put on穿上 put …into把…放到…里面 put up张贴,建造
put away把……拾起来放好 put down放下;镇压 put out赶走;熄灭
五、含有come的词组
come true实现 come out出版 come in进来,起作用,
come on赶快,加油,别这样,来吧 come over to顺便来访
come about发生 come down落下来 come home to完全理解
come and go来来往往 come up with提出 come oneself苏醒
come to sb来到某人跟前 come back回来 come along with随同
含有go的词组
go to work去上班 go on发生;继续 go to the concert去听音乐会 go out外出;熄灭 go to the movies去看电影 go over仔细看 go to summer camp去夏令营
go to the mountain去爬山 go through仔细查看;穿过…… go home回家 go for a walk去散步 go to a movie=go to the movies去看电影 go out for a walk外出散步 go to bed=go to sleep去睡觉go on vacation去渡假 go to school去上学 go down顺着……走go to a meeting去开会 go out to do sth出去做某事go to the beach去沙滩 go after sb追赶某人go skate boarding去踩滑板 go away走开go away for too long离开太长时间 go bike riding去骑车旅行 go to the doctor去看病 go to college去上大学 go past the+地名 从……经过go on to do sth接着做某事(2件事) go back回转;回顾 go on doing sth接着做某事(1件事)
take a shower 洗澡 take (good) a rest好好休息 take a walk散步 take a picture/photo照像 take it easy别急 take pride in为……骄傲 take notes做笔记take after与……相像 take out取出 take care of小心take off起飞;脱下 take part in参加 take place of代替take sth with sb某人随身携带某物 take /write down记下
六、表示身份或职业的名词
teach--teacher work-worker clean-cleaner write-writer
drive--driver skate-skater run-runner win-winner
sing-singer dance-dancer farm-farmer read-reader
speak-speaker play-player act-actor/actress visit-visitor
paint-painter design-designer report-reporter direct-director
listen-listener learn-learner invent-inventor tour-tourist art-artist violin-violinist science-scientist piano-pianist
其他名词或动词加er或or构成表示人的名词
translate—translator use—user strange---stranger village ---villager foreign—foreigner perform—performer interview---interviewer golf---golfer own—owner build—builder organize—organizer law—lawyer collect—collector post--poster skate—skater custom--customer
七、特殊的序数词
one-first two—second three—third five—fifth eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth
表示“整十”的基数词
twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty--fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety--ninetieth
第 5 页 共 5 页一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六种时态
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
1、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:
时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点四:在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2、现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:
考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet
考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
4.一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:
考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式,后接动词原形。
be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)
考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted。
考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中:
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)
考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四:“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
8、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
9、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。
考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10. 动词的语态
一般用于强调受者, 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一:不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。
lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备);ride (乘坐); write ( 写 );
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
考点三:一些常用经典被动句型:
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…, It is estimated…,
这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,

动词的时态和语态
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动词的时态
英语共有16种时态,根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析, 时态测试重点主要有:完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时;进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时;一般时态。
一、一般时态
1、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连用。例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如:
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)
3.一般将来时
1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:
I shall graduate next year.
2)几种替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如:
I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如:
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如:
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。例如:
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如:
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
二、进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如:
Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作, 常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如:
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如:
1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him
(look 在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look 在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”)
2. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3. 将来进行时
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如:
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening
4. 完成进行时
(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。
三、完成时态
完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为:
1. 现在完成时
(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:
1)I haven’t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中:
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:
1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3. 将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如:
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4. 完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。
(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.
(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如:
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四:时态一致
时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是:
1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house ” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”
“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”
“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned ”
2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。
4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况
利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则。例如:
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
动词的语态
语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)
1. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语
(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。
2. 被动语态的时态形式
常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式。
表1
时间 一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
过去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
将来 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
过去 should be asked should have been asked
将来 would be asked would have been asked
3. 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态
“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5. 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1) 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来。例如:
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)
6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)
7. 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思
例1:The book is selling remarkably well.
例2:The song sounds very beautiful.
能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。
例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。
例4:The meat is cooking.
例 5:The book written by the professor is printing.
“以前人们认为……” 则应该说:It was believed…, It was thought…动词词组一览(十分有用)-
adjust to 调整以适应
after all 还是;终于;毕竟
aim at 瞄准;致力于…;旨在
all but 几乎,差点;除…之外的全部
all the while 一直地;始终
all the more 更加越发
all the same 尽管如此,仍旧
anything/nothing but 一点也不/只是;仅仅是
anything but 一点也不,决不是
nothing but 只是,只不过是 .
around the corner 在拐角处;即将到来
as a matter of course 当然,理所当然的(事)
as a result/consequence 结果;因此
as for/to/regards 至于,说到就…而言/关于
as well 也…;和
as/so far as 就…而言;至于; 到…程度;在…范围内
ask after/for 问候,询问,探问/请求;找某人;要求
at a time 一次
at all 一点也不,完全不(用于否定句)
at (the) best/worst 顶多,充其量也不过/最坏也就是
at (all) time 总是;无论何时,一直
at a loss 不知所措
at any moment 随时之
at first 起初;开始
at first sight 乍一看,一见就
at (the) most/least 至多/至少
at the moment 此刻
be composed of 由…组成
be concerned with 关于…,与…有关;参与…
be determined to 坚定;坚决;决心
be fed up with/about 对…厌烦了;讨厌
be fit for 适合
be obliged to 感谢
be related to 与…相关的,同…有亲戚关系
be/get tired/sick of 对…失去兴趣;厌烦
be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于
before long 很快;不久以后
blow out (使火)熄灭;(轮胎)爆裂
blow up 炸毁;充气;放大(照片);勃然大怒
break down (机器)发生故障;(计划,谈判等)失败;分析;分解;破除;战胜;(感情)失控,(身体)垮了
break in 闯入;打断;训练;使驯服;使习惯于;
break into 闯入;打断;突然开始…;突然…起来
break out 突然暴发;逃脱
break up 使粉碎;弄破;解散;结束;解体解散;中断;终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)
bring down 使垮台;失败;击落,打下;降低(物价,温度等)
bring in 带来;引进;提出;挣得(报酬等);生产,产生;收获;(陪审团)下(判决)
bring out 出版;上演;显露出;现出;使人有勇气开口
bring up 抚养,教育;提出(问题等);呕吐
bring/come/put/carry into effect 开始生效;实行
build up 积累;聚集;增进(健康);增强(体格);确立(信誉);吹捧
burn down 烧光;把…烧成平地
burst out/into 突然发生;突然…起来,怒放
but for 除…以外;如果没有
by accident/chance (纯粹)偶然地;碰巧;无意
by all means 务必,一定,千方百计
by no means 决不,一点,也不
by and large 大体上;基本上;总的说来
by for 更加…得多;尤其;最…
by means/way of 用;以;依靠(某种方法,工具,工艺等)/作为;当作;经由
by reason of 因为;由于
by the way 顺便说一句
call for 去接人;取(物件);要求;提倡
call off 宣告终止;取消;(使注意力)转移开;放弃
call on/upon 指名要(某人)去干(某事);请求;号召;动用
call up 打电话;召集,召唤;征召(服役);使人回忆起;从计算机中调出(资料)
calm/cool down 平静下来;使(人)冷静下来
care for/about 照顾;关照;喜欢;喜爱/关心;在意
carry away 使激动得失去控制,使入迷,使倾倒
carry back (to) 使回忆起
carry forward 发扬;推进;转入下一页下期等
carry off 夺走,诱拐;夺去…生命;获得(奖品等)
carry on 继续;喧闹,起哄;从事;处理;经营;开展
carry out 完成;落实;贯彻;实现;执行
carry through 贯彻到底;度过难关;支持到底
change for the better/worse 改进;改善;好转/恶化;每况愈下
change/speak one\'s mind 改变决定或主意/直抒己见
check in/out 签到;报到;办理(住宿,乘机等)手续;退房登记;办清手续后离开;检查,核对
check up 体格检查;核对,检查
clean up 扫除,清洗干净;收拾干净;搬空;肃清;扫除;
clear away 消除;收拾
clear up 整理;解决,澄清,说明白;转晴;变好
close up 关闭;阻塞;(人)互相靠紧;(伤口)愈合
come about 发生,(风等)改变方向
come across (无意中)碰到,找到,想到
come along/on 来呀;赶快;一道来;赞成;进步/赶快;登台;(病,痛苦)加重,加深;来临;接着开始
come back 回到原来的(地方,话题等);突然想起;重新流行;恢复,复原,复苏;复辟
come down 下降,跌价
come down to 归根结底;实质上是;实际意味着
come in 到来,出现;进入;兴起;到成熟期;上台执政;其作用
come/get/keep in (to) contact/touch 与…联系,接触;交往
come off 松开;脱落;剥落;(如期)发生;实现;奉行;应验
come out 现出,露出;出版;发行;结果是…;取得(第…名);罢工;解答出来;消失褪去;源于;来自;发表,讲出
come (a)round 来访;转而同意某看法;恢复知觉;苏醒
come to (a standstill/an end/light/no harm/the rescue of) 苏醒过来;恢复知觉(停止/结束/发现;显露/无害;无碍/营救;救援)
come up with/to 提出;赶上;达到…标准;到达;不辜负(众望)
complain about/of 抱怨;叫屈;申诉;投诉/自诉有…病痛
concern about 关心;担心
cut down 削减;减少;砍伐
cut off 切断;截止;中断供应(疾病等)使(人)死亡;叫(人)闭口无言
cut out 割掉;删去;戒掉;省掉
cut short 剪短;削短;(突然)中止;打断;缩短;从简
deal/cope with 办理;处理;对付;论述;与…打交道,做买卖,妥善;处理;对应付
devote to 献身于…;致力于
die from/of 由于…而死/因(患)…而死,…死于
die for 迫切想要(某物);渴望
die off 相继死亡;绝种
die out 熄灭,绝种,不复存在do away with 除去;废除;干掉;杀死
do/try one\'s best/utmost 努力;尽力而为
do/go without 没有也行
do wrong/justice (to) 对待(某人)不公平;冤枉某人/逼真;出色;处置公道;公正对待
draw back 退回,往后退;不履行
draw out 取出;拔出; (火车,汽车)缓缓开出; (白天)逐渐变长;拉长,延长;拟订
draw up 起草;拟订;(使车、马)停下
dress up 化装;装饰;打扮
drop in (over) 顺访;串门
drop off 睡着;(客人)一个个地散去;(兴趣等)减弱
drop out 逃(学);离队出走
dry up 干瘪;干涸;(思路等)枯竭
equal to 相等;相同;敌得过;担得起;胜任
even if/though 即使;甚至
every other 每隔…一(天、周等);所有其他
except for/that 除…之外;只是
fall behind 落后;被甩在后面,拖欠
fall on/upon 碰到,看到;降临;落到;袭击;适逢(日期)
fall out (头发,牙齿)脱落;掉;掉下来;掉队;(队伍)原地解散;不和;吵翻了
fall through 落空;失败
famous for 以…著称,闻名;驰名
far from 远离,远非;根本谈不上;决不是;差得远
feel like 想做(某事);感到像是…的样子
fill in 填写;填充;填满;对…提供最新情况;
find out 发现;找出;弄清楚;认识到;查明
follow up 继而进行…;追踪,跟踪
fond of 爱好;喜欢
for ever/good 永久;永远
free of/from 不受…影响的;摆脱了…的
from time (door/side) to time (door/side) 时时;不定期地(挨家挨户/左右摇摆;晃动)
get across (使人)了解;讲清楚
get/go ahead 赶过;胜过;有进展/开始;进行中;继续下去;走在前面,先走
get around/round (to) 克服(困难);避开;(消息)传开;(终于有时间)做某事
get at 够得着;拿得到;弄清,了解;意指,暗示
get away (with) 逃脱;逃跑
get/learn by heart 牢记,熟记;背得出
get down (to) (使人)不快;沮丧;写下;咽下(to)开始认真做…
get even (with) 报复,和…算账
get/take/catch hold of 弄到手;掌握;了解;知道(去向)
get in the way 妨碍,阻碍
get off (with) 下车;出发;离去;不涉足,避开;脱下(衣服等);使免遭处罚
get on (with) 相处;继续做;进行下去;顺利发展;上车;穿(衣);上年纪
get out/into 离去;逃走;退出;出去;取出;拿出;拨出;出版;谈话吃力;(消息)走漏;泄露/进入;穿上;成癖;陷于;研究;从事于;变成
get over 越过;恢复;完成,结束;克服(困难);解决难题
get rid of 除去;丢弃;扔掉;摆脱;消灭
get the better 胜过,超过;占上风;左右;支配
get through 完成;到达;渡过;用光;(使人)明白;通过;接通(电话)
get together 集会;聚会
get up 起床;站起;举办;安排;化装;打扮
get up to 到达;赶上
give away 背弃;出卖;泄露;散掉,给掉(钱财)
give in/way (to) 屈服;让步;递交;交上;让位于,转变为;听任支配
give out 分发;分配;失灵;报废;用尽;耗光
give rise to 引发;导致;产生
go after 寻找;追求
go by 通过;经过;依照…行事;根据…的说法
go down 去某地;下去;跪下;咽下;(日)落;(船)沉;病倒;垮台;(计算机)停机(故障)
go down with 为…所接受,为…所相信,为…所心服
go for 去(做某事);去请,去找,去拿;想要,愿做,喜欢;可应用于;赞成;被认为
go in for 从事;参加(考试;竞赛);喜欢上(业余爱好)
go into 调查;研究加入;从事;投入;进人…状态;撞车
go off 离开;消失;昏过去;睡着;爆炸;爆发出;开始;(食品)变质;进行
go out 出去;熄灭;公布,发表;过时,不再流行
go over 越,渡,转向;仔细检查;仔细推敲
go through 遭遇;经历;熬过;用光(钱);获准,通过
go up 升高;提高;涨高;增长;盖起;建造起;被烧(炸)毁;(舞台幕布)拉起
go with 连带;带有;伴随;与…匹配;同…协调
grow away from 与…疏远起来
grow from 由…长大,由…发展起来
grow in 在…方面成长;增加(力量等)
grow into 成长为,发展为
grow on 使越来越感兴趣,渐渐成为习惯;加深对…的影响
grow out of 由…产生;长高大了(衣服等)穿不上;抛弃;戒除(恶习)
grow up 长大成人;成长;发展
hand down (财产,技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)
hand in 交进来(去);交上去;递交;面呈
hand out 派送;分发;(乱)给(批评,处分,忠告等)
hand over/on to 捐赠;移交;让与;将…移交给;交出;将…送交,依次传递
hang about/around 闲逛;转悠;观望/闲逛;缠(人);与…泡在一起
hang back 畏缩不前;迟疑(不肯做某事)
hang behind 迟迟不离开,落在后面
hang on/to 稍等;坚持住;赖着不走;抱(推,抓)住不放
hang out 晾衣服;居住,呆(在某处);停留
hang together 团结合作,互相支持;一致,不矛盾
hang up 挂起来;挂上话筒;耽搁,搁置
have/give access to 得以进入;可以接近
have/give an/the advantage over 比…占上风;有利/优于…
have to do with 与…有关系
hit on/upon 无意中找到;偶然想出
hold in 抑制(情绪等),控制住
hold on (to) 坚持下去;等一等;别挂电话
hold on to 抓住不放
hold out 坚持要求;坚持到底;守住;提出;伸出;主张;坚持;维持
hold out for 坚持(得到…)而不肯妥协
hold together (合在)一起;团结在一起
hold up 举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列举,推举;(理论等)经得住
hunt for 搜索;探求
hurry up 赶快;快点
in a word 总而言之;一言以蔽之
in accordance with 照;根据;与…一致;合乎
in advance (of) 比…先进;提前;提早;预先;事先;在…之前
in case (of) 如果;万一;倘;以便;以防;以备;如有
in charge of 主持;领导;主管…的;照看…的
in common (with) 共同;相通;与…同样
in conclusion 最后;总之
in confidence 私下里;秘密地;暗中
in conflict (with) 和…矛盾;和…发生冲突;与…相抵触
in connection with 关于…;与…有关;有联系
in consequence (of) 因此;结果;…结果;因为…的缘故
in/by contrast/comparison to/with 与…对比;对照;和…大不相同/和…比起来;与相比
in debt 负债;欠钱
in defense 保卫;保护
in detail 详细;详尽
in disguise 伪装;乔装;假装;隐瞒;掩饰;假象;貌似
in exchange for 交换;调换
in favor (of) 支持;赞成;对…有利;偏向
in force/effect 有效;生效;在实施中在有效期中/实际上;事实上有效;生效;在实施中
in front of 在…的正对面;在…前边;对面;当…的面
in general/particular 总之;大体上;一般;普遍/尤其;特别
in honor of 向…表示尊敬;为祝贺…
in (the) light of 考虑到;依照;根据
in line 排队;排列;同意;准备就绪;按顺序; 受约束
in control 由…控制;管理
in office 执政;在位
in/within sight 看得见;在眼前;在望;不远了
in a way 有点;稍微;在某种意义上
in a big/small way 大/小规模地
in memory of 为纪念…
in need/want of 需要;急需
in order (that/to) 以便;为了
in other words 换句话说;换言之
in place of 代替;而不是;更换; 顶替
in progress 在进行中;尚未完工
in proportion (to/with) 和…成比例;和…相关;和…相比in question 讨论中的;谈及的;争论中的
in/with respect of/to 关于
in return 回报;付给
in search of 寻找;搜寻;查究
in secret/private/public 私下;暗地/不公开; 私下;秘密地/当众;公开地
in short/brief/sum 简言之;总之
in spite of 虽然;不管;不顾;纵使
in support of 维护…;支持…;证实…
in that 因为
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;考虑到这种情况
in the course of 在…期间;在…的过程中
in the end 最后;最终;结果;终归
in the face of 面临;不顾(反对等)
in the first place 起初;首先;早先
(not) in the least/the least bit 一点(也不);丝毫(不); (常用于强调否定)
in the long/short run 结果;最后/暂时:目前
in the name of 在…的名下;以…的名义;为…的缘故
in no/good time 立刻;马上,一转眼工夫;迅速地;恰好
in vain 徒劳;无益
in view of 鉴于;考虑到
independent of 独立于…之外;不依赖…的;不受…支配的
inform of 告诉;报告;通知
insist (on/upon) 坚决主张;坚决要求;坚持认为;定要;坚持要
instead of 代替;而不是
interfere with 干涉;干预;妨碍;干扰;影响
involve in 涉及;卷入;陷入;使进入;使连累
join in 参加;加入
jump to a conclusion 草率决定;贸然断定
keep down 控制,限制,;低下;蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压;忍住了呕吐;缩减
keep from 隐瞒,瞒住;避开;使免于
keep off 驱散;避开;防止,挡住;不接近
keep on 继续…;不停地…
keep to 恪守;遵守;遵循;按…办;坚持(做)
keep to the (a) minimum 控制到最低限度;尽可能短(少)
keep under control 控制(监视等)
keep up (with) 跟上;赶上;保持;不落在后面;及时了解(情况)
knock down 拆除;拆卸;打倒,撞倒;使减价
knock off 下班,停止工作;减低,扣掉;匆忙做完(写完)
knock out 敲出;击倒;击昏;使失效;匆匆做好;(药物)使入睡knock over 打翻
know of/about 知道;听说
lack of 不够;不足;没有
laugh off 一笑置之;把…当儿戏
lay down 放下;放弃(想法态度等);拟订(计划等);兴建;规定;制定
lay off 暂时解雇;休息;休养
lay out 展开;铺开;摆开;说明,表达(想法等);设计;布置;准备人殓
lead the way 向导;领路;引路
lead to 领;带;导向;通向;通往;导致;造成
leak out 走漏(消息等);(水,煤气等)泄露
lean on 对…施加压力;讹诈;逼迫;倚靠;依靠
leave behind 抛弃;忘记带;把…拉下;落后
leave out 遗漏;省去;删去;不考虑
lead to 把…借给;把钱贷给;使…增添了…,使…有了
let alone 更不用说;更别提
let down 使(人)失望;放下;放(长)衣服;不支持
let off 免除;放过;放掉(气);放(枪);引爆(炸弹);准许…暂时停止工作
let out 释放;放走;放(水,气);出租(房屋);把(衣服)放大
level off/out 稳定;持平;整平;弄平;水平飞行
line up 排队;列队;整顿;排列整齐;排成行;安排妥当;与…站在一起
live on/by 继续活着;靠…生活;以食…为生/按照或遵循…(准则)而生活;靠…过活
live through 渡过;熬过
live up to 配得上。不愧于;不负;按,…行事;使行为和…相符
live with 接(忍)受(令人不快的事物等)
long for 渴望;向往
look after 照看;照管
look at 看;查看;考虑;对待
look down on/upon 小看…;蔑视…
look for 寻找;寻求;期望;指望
look forward to 盼望;期待
look into 调查;深入了解;研究
look like 看上去像;似将;好像要
look out 当心;注意;警惕;查出; 找出;挑选
look over 检阅;检查
look to 求助;有赖于;注意;照顾;
look up to 尊敬
lose contact/touch (with) 失去联系;联络中断
lose/save one\'s face 丢脸;失去自尊与别人的信任/保全名声;留面子
lose/keep one\'s head 发怒;慌张;失去理智,(头脑)发昏/保持镇静;不慌不忙
lose/keep trace/track (of) 不知下落;失去联系/跟踪;密切注视…的动向
major in 主修;专攻
make away/off with 携…而逃;干掉。杀死;(钱)挥霍掉
make (a/an) effort/face/friends/fuss/living/move/no difference/noise 努力;尽力/做鬼脸;与…交朋友/大吵大闹 /谋生/动身;采取行动;无所谓:没关系/嚷嚷,胡搅
make for 往…走去;向…前进;有助于;促进
make good 成功;兑现诺言;实现;补偿;消除不良影响
make light/little of 不放在眼里;等闲视之/轻视;贬抑
make out 理解;看清楚;辨认;起草(文件等);假装;填写;开(票等)
make room/way (for) 给…让出(地方,路)
make sense(love/money/peace/use) 有意义;讲得通;有道理(做爱/挣钱/讲和/使用)
make sure/certain 确保;确实;务必
make the best/most of 善于处理…;充分利用(使用)
make up 化妆;配制;调制;整理床铺(房间);组成;构成;
编造,捏造;和解,言归于好;弥补;补偿
many (of) (…中的)许多
mark out 划出边线;标出界线
may/might as well 不妨…;还是…的好;最好…
meet/satisfy the need 满足需要
mix up 把…搞混,混淆;搞乱
more often than not 通常;多半
no matter + what-word 不管…;无论…
no/none other than 不是别人,正是…;恰恰是
no wonder 难怪;不足为奇
not nearly 远非;远不及;相差很远
not to mention/speak of 更不用说;更不必说
now that 既然
object to 反对;抗议;不支持
occur to 突然想到(一个主意等)
off and on 时而;断断续续地
on a large/small scale 大批量;大规模川、批量;小规模
on account of 因为
on (an/the) average 平均;平均说来
on behalf of 代表某人;为某人;以某人名义
on condition that 若…则;在…的条件下;只要…就
on earth 究竟;到底;全然,一点也(强调否定);世界上
on end 竖立着;立;连续不断
on guard/the watch 值班警戒;看守/密切注视 ;守候
on purpose 故意;意欲
on/for sale 出售;上市;廉价出售/出售(尤指私房,私车等物)
on show/view 展览;展出/公展
on the basis/grounds/understanding that 基于…;以…为基础/因为/以…为条件,如果
on the contrary 正相反;然而;可是;相反地
on the point of 正要…(的时候);正打算
on the side/part of 支持;在…一边/代表…;就…而言
on the spot 在现场;当场;立即
on the whole 总体上;从整体来看;基本上
on trail 受审;在试验中;试行;试用
once and for all 最后一次;无疑地;彻底地;永远地
once in a while b时而;有时
one...after another/after the other 一个接一个;接连;挨次
or else 否则;要不然
or rather 毋宁说;更确切地说
or so 大约,差不多
other than 除…之外;不同于;非
out of (breath/condition/date/the question/work) 呼吸急促/身体欠佳/过时的/不可能的/失业
over and over (again) 一次又一次;反复
owing to 由于,因为
pass away 去世;死;消失;消磨(时间);停止;结束
pass by 从旁经过;忽略;回避;不予理会
pass for 被认为是,被当作…;冒充…
pass off 逐渐消失;不加理会,回避;顺利;进行;把…冒充为,假称是
pass on 传给;传下去;转入,往下谈;去世
pass out 失去知觉.晕倒:死掉
pass over 不管.略而不谈:不计较,不追究;过去;去世
pass through 穿过,通过;经历,经受;上完(大学)
pass the way (for) 为铺平道路;为…做好准备;使…更易
pay back 偿还;报复
pay for 付…的钱,赔偿;为…付代价;得到报应
pay off 偿还掉,付掉;把工钱付掉;付掉工资加以解雇;有利可图;有报偿;是值得的,合算
pay up 偿还(欠款),全部付清
pick out 认出;辨出;选择;挑出
pick up 拾起;拿起;慢慢爬起身来;(开车)去接;逮捕;偶然学得;得(病);恢复(健康等);挣一笔钱
pile up 堆集;成堆;积累;增集
play a part/role (in) 在…方面起作用
play down 使(某事)显得不重要;贬低;缩小
play on/upon 利用(别人的情绪等以达到自己的目的)
play out 演完,做完;用光;使破产;使精疲力竭;输光
play a trick (joke) (on) 捉弄;恶作剧play up 使…显得更重要;夸张;宣扬,鼓吹;开始奏乐;使恼火;(比赛中)加油,用劲
play with 玩,玩弄
point out 使注意;指出
prior to 在…之前
provide for/with 支持(提供生活必需品);为…做安排;约定;规定/提供;供给
pull down 拆毁;毁坏;把身体弄垮;使健康受损
pull in/out 进站;驶进;逮捕;挣(钱)/离站;摆脱困境;退出;抽出;撤出
pull off (将车)停靠;(成功地)实现…,执行…
pull on 穿,戴;不停地划(船)或拉
pull through 恢复健康;渡过难关
pull up 减速停车;拔起;拔掉;阻止;指责
put an end/a stop to 停止;结束;摧毁;消除
put down 放下;放在…上;写下;记下; 粉碎;镇压;贬低;
使难堪;停下来让旅客下车
put/lose faith in 相信;信托/对…失去信心
put forward 呈上;提出;提前;拨快(钟表)
put off 延期;推迟;打消(疑虑);关上(电器等);劝阻;使扫兴;
put on 穿上;演出;表演;装出(某种样子);增加体重;打开(电器等)
put out 公布;播出;使熄灭,扑灭;生产;出版;使不高兴
put/lay/set aside 搁置一旁;不管;避开;排除;积蓄
put to (death/sleep/shame/use) 使用;处死/使睡/使感到羞愧/用
put up 建起;支起;张贴,挂;修建;留宿;提出
put up with 忍受;容忍
refer to 提到;讲起;有关;涉及;参考;查阅
refer to… as 把…叫做…
relative to 有关;相对于;和…相应
remind of 提醒;使想起
result in/from 导致;致使;结果/由…引起;由…而发生
ring off/up 挂断电话/给某人打电话;用收款机记账
round about 周围;大约
rule out 排除;不考虑
run away 出走;离家;逃跑; 抛下…而离去;逃避
run for 竞选,让…竞选
run into 遭遇;碰巧;撞见; 达到;撞车
run out 用光;失效;到期
run over 碰倒;撞倒;(车)压死;溢出;排练;查阅
search for 寻找;搜查;竭力想;苦想
see about 照料;安排;留意;查看
see off 送行
see to it (that) 注意做到;务必要;留心使…
send for 通知某人来;派人去请;请人送来;请人寄来
sever the purpose 适合目的;有用;有助于;解决问题
set about 着手(开始)做某事攻击,乱揍
set back 耽搁,延缓;推迟;使退步;阻碍;(把钟)往回拨
set fire/light to 放火引燃;纵火/点火
see free 放走;释放
set off 出发;开始(追跑);燃放(鞭炮); 引起;触发;装饰,衬得好看
set out 着手做某事;装饰;整理;出发,动身;陈述;阐述
set up 树立;建起;安装;成立;修建;恢复疲劳,休养好
settle down 坐下来;安居下来;安家;安定下来;冷静下来;降临
short of 不足;缺乏
show off 卖弄;夸示;显眼;炫耀;展示;(在…衬托下)显得好看
show up 出现;露面;显露暴露,揭露;表现出
shut down 关闭;停业
shut up 使住口;闭嘴;禁闭;关在里面
sit back 放松,休息
sit by 袖手旁观
sit for (准备)参加(考试)
sit in 旁听,参加;列席;出席;代理
sit out 耐心听完;耐心看完
sit/stay up (late) 坐起来;端坐;熬夜/晚睡;熬夜
slow down/up 变缓;减速;慢下来;减弱活力;放松/慢下来,放慢速度
so to say/speak 可以这么说;打个比方说; 可以说(是)
speed up 加速;加快;催促;加紧
stand for 代表;表示;主张;支持;拥护;容忍;允许
stand out (显得)突出,鲜明;顶得住;抗得住
stick it out 坚持到底;顶下去;忍耐到底
stick out 突出;伸出;显眼
stick to 坚持;遵守;信守;不走题;坚定信赖…
still less 何况;更不用说
stir up 掀起;搅起;煽动;激励;唤起
subject to 有…的倾向;易遭;易患;受制于;根据…
succeed in 做成(某事);成功
succumb to 屈服于;死于
suffer from 患(病);受…之苦
sum up 总结;概括;总计;概述要点
superior/inferior to 好于;优于;高于/不及…;劣于;次于
take action/measures/steps 行动;采取行动/采取措施/设法;采取措施
take advantage of 占(人)便宜;欺骗某人;乘…之便;利用
take after 像…;学…的样;仿效
take charge of 主管;负责;接管
take effect 生效;起作用;见效
take…for 把…误认为;把…看作…
take (it) for granted 视为当然;想必是
take in 收留;使…上当;欺骗;领会;明白;包容;容纳;订阅(报刊)
take into account/consideration 把…考虑进去/考虑
take off 起飞;突然走红;流行开;突然离开;脱掉;减价;
学样取笑;取消
take on 开始从事;负起职责;显露出;开始雇佣
take out 取出;割掉;拔去;取得;擦掉;洗掉;请人(吃饭,看戏等)
take over 接收;接管; 抢占;占领;接办;接任
take part (in) 参加;参与
take sharp 成形;形成;有显著发展;初具规模
take to (很快)喜欢上;开始;从事;成为习惯;开始迷上
take turns 轮流换班;替换
take up 开始(学习或某种爱好);从事;提出;接受;占(时间,空间等);拿起;接纳(乘客等)
talk about 谈论
talk into (out of) 劝说做(不做)某事
talk of 谈到或谈起某事
talk over 商讨;商谈
talk round 说服(使同意某事);转变抹角地讲;得不出结论地讨论下去
tear up 撕碎;毁坏
thanks to 由于;因为
that is (to say) 那就是;即;换言之
the more/sooner…, the better 越多(快)越好
the other way (a) round/about 相反(地);反过来(看)
think of 想到;想起;记起;为…着想;想起;企图;打算
think of… as 以为…;认为…;把…当作…
think about 思索;考虑
think over/out 掂量;斟酌/琢磨透;想出;深思熟虑
throw away 扔弃;抛弃;白费;浪费
throw/shed light on 说明;解释;提供线索;使清楚起来
to advantage 有利;更加
to and fro 来回地;往复地
to excess 太多;过分
to some/a certain/a large extent 在某种/一定/很大程度上
to the contrary 相反地,正相反
to the effect that 大意是说;意思是
to the point 切题;中肯;简明扼要
touch down 降落;着陆
touch on/upon 谈及;涉及
try on 试穿;耍弄(花招)
try out 试用
turn down 拒绝采纳;拒绝考虑
turn on 拧开;亢奋;上瘾;向…突然袭击;要看…而定;关键就在
turn off 分叉;关掉;引开;生产;解雇;使失去兴趣
turn out 结果是;原来是;(电)切断;制作;生产;培训;逐出翻出;翻转
turn over 再三考虑;交出;让出;移交;转换;周转;翻阅;翻到…(页);转到;向…求助;讨教;转向;改变
turn to 翻耕
turn up 出现;出席;被找到,发现;将(声,光等)调大;查字典;发生(情况)
under way 正在进行之中
up to 多到;直到;等于;达到;适于;胜任;忙于;由…决定
upside down 颠倒
wake up 醒来;使醒悟;使振作;使觉醒;意识到
warm up 加热;变暖;(运动前)热身;(机器等)预热;激动
起来;活跃起来
warn of 警告(某人)
wash up 洗碗碟等餐具;洗手脸; 洗手不干,不再过问
wear off (病痛等)渐渐消失
wear out 穿旧;穿坏;磨损;磨破;使人疲惫不堪
well off/worse off 手头宽裕;生活好过/手头更拮据,日子更不好过
watch out 小心谨慎;留意,提防
what with…, (and) what with… 一方面因…,一方面因…;因…和…
wipe out 歼灭;扫除;去除;消灭;擦净
with reference to 关于;有关
with/in regard/relation to 关于;有关
without exception 一概;全部;无一例外
work at 从事;在…用功
work on 对…起作用;对…发生影响;向…做工作;使兴奋;左右
work out 努力做好;刻苦完成;创立(理论);详细拟定(计划等);算出(总数);解决;开采完(矿山等);做工偿还(债务)
work up 渐渐做成;刺激;激发;组成;揉合;煽动
worthy of 值得的;名副其实的
write off 勾消,注消,报废;当场写出,提笔就写(文章);减低资产账面额
yield to 让步介词短语
介词词组
介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。
这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:
with+名词+分词
with+名词+介词
with+名词+形容词
with+名词+动词不定式
这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。
(一)with十名词十分词的结构
这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。
(1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.
正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)
(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.
我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)
(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.
随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)
(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation.
这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)
(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.
底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。)
(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.
冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)

(二)with+名词十介词的结构
(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.
麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)
(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.
在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)
(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.
力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。)
(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.
碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)
(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.
火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)
(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face.
在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)

(三)with+名词+形容词的结构
(1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons.
我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。)
(2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant.
在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。)
(3) An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms, each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms.
不带电的物体含有大量原子,每个原子通常含有等量的电子和质子,但是有一些电子暂时脱离了原子的束缚。(with+名词+形容词的复合结构,对句子起补充说明作用。)
(4) And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter,
介词短语
介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。
这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:
with+名词+分词
with+名词+介词
with+名词+形容词
with+名词+动词不定式
这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。
(一)with十名词十分词的结构
这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。
(1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.
正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)
(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.
我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)
(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.
随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)
(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation.
这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)
(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.
底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。)
(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.
冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)

(二)with+名词十介词的结构
(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.
麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)
(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.
在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)
(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.
力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。)
(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.
碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)
(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.
火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)
(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face.
在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)

动词、动词词组、动词短语 总结
2007年04月24日 星期二 18:10
[短语、词组归纳]
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。
6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放]
1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。
[重点短语快速复习]
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料
56. think of 考虑到,想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61. turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。
注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.
4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。
[重点句型、词组大盘点]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它归还。
[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。
[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。
2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。 [ 用法 ] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。 [ 搭配 ] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [ 比较 ] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组
(一)由be构成的词组
1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出
2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at 善于,擅长于
4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细
5)be covered with 被……复盖
6)be ready for 为……作好准备
7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶
8)be interested in 对……感到举
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在进行,在上演(灯)亮着
11)be able to do sth. 能够做…
12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕…(不敢做…,恐怕…)
13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名
16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求
17)be from 来自……,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired饿/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做
21)be covered with 被……所覆盖…
22)be in (great) need of (很)需要
23)be in trouble 处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……
25)be late for ……迟到
26)be made of (from) 由……制成
27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
28)be free 空闲的,有空
29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做…(忙于…)
(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、take、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组
1)come back 回来
2)come down 下来
3)come in 进入,进来
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来
5)come out出来
6)come out of 从……出来
7)come up 上来
8)come from 来自……
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/家庭作业
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读
11)do one's best 尽力
12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)
13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操
15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16)do well in 在……某方面干得好
17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好
19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备
20)get on (well) with 与…相处(融洽)
21)get back 返回
22)get rid of 除掉,去除
23)get in 进入,收集
24)get on/off 上/下车
25)get to 到达
26)get there 到达那里
27)give sb. a call 给……打电话
28)give a talk 作报告
29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)
30)give back 归还,送回
31)give…some advice on 给…一些忠告
32)give lessons to 给……上课
33)give in 屈服
34)give up 放弃
35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会
36)give a message to… 给…一个口信
37)go ahead先走,向前走,去吧,干吧
38)go to the cinema 看电影
39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)
40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学)
41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病
42)go over 过一遍,复习/go over to 朝…走去
43)go fishing / skating / swimming / shopping去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿)
45)go round 顺便去,绕道走
46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步
48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)
49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼
51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了
52)have a lesson (lessons) / a meeting上课/开会
53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛
54)have dictation 听见
55)have a try 试一试
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴
57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)
58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于…的报告
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64)have (have got) a headache 头痛
65)have a fever 发烧
66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look (at) 看一看……
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)
69)have a talk 谈话
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meet (meeting)开运动会
73)have something done让人(请人)做…
74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试
75)have an idea 有了个主意
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做…(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 与…谈几句话
78)help sb. with sth. / help sb. do sth. 在…方面帮助… 帮助…做
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉
80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上…,不落后于…
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静
83)keep sb. doing sth. 使…一直做…
84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)
86)make a living 谋生
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做…
88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸
89)make friends (with)与……交朋友
90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误
91)make room/space for 给…腾出地方
92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用…造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由……制成
95)be made in 在……地方制造
96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面)
97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典
98)look up 往上看,仰望
99)look after 照管,照看,照顾
100)look for 寻找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑
103)look out 当心,小心
104)look on …as… 把…当作…看待
105)look around 朝四周看
106)look at 看着……
107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)
108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖
109)put into 使进入,输入
110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于
111)put…down… 把……放下
112)put…into… 把……译成
113)set up 竖起,建起
114)set off 出发,动身
115)set out 出发
116)set an example for 为…树立榜样
117)send for 派人去请(叫)
118)send out 放出,发出
119)send up 把…往上送,发射
120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告
121)take out 拿出,取出
122)take down 拿下
123)take place 发生
124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务
125)take the place of 代替……
126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127)take it easy 别紧张
128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假
130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管
131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试
133)take away 拿走
134)take back 收回,带回
135)take hold of 抓住……
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉
137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服药
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)
142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)
143)turn in 交出,上交
144)turn…into… 变成
145)turn to 翻到,转向
146)turn down (把音量)调低
147)turn…over 把……翻过来
148)play basketball/football/volleyball打篮球, 踢足球, 打排球
149)play games 做游戏
150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑
(三)由其他动词构成的词组
153)think over 仔细考虑
154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处
155)eat up 吃完,吃光
156)do well in 在……干得好
157)enjoy doing sth.或 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)
159)eat/drink off 吃完,喝完
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
162)hold a meting 举行会议