2009届高三考前复习系列---任务型阅读解题技巧

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2009届高三考前复习系列-----任务型阅读解题技巧
任务型阅读题型要求考生在阅读完一段材料后，能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构，较好地分析作者的观点和意图，根据获得的信息，采用分析、总结、转换形式，完成表格所缺的内容。它考查了考生的语篇结构解读能力、词形转换能力(包括用信息词的词性变换，对信息词进行英文解释，写出信息词的反义词等) 和概括与推断能力。考生应该按照以下步骤来完成任务型阅读填空题：
一．填空前
1．观察表格,大致了解文章结构，明了阅读任务。表格设置体现了文章的结构，有的文章或是表格的标题都会对有助于整个文章的理解，有的表格的子项目对概括总结有暗示，有些题目观察表格就可以确定答案。例如， 观察表（1）、表（2），
（表1） Title: (1)_______________cards
Types (3)________________ Disadvantages Similarities
IC Chip Cards A larger memory &Better (4)___________Hold data Not mentioned PopularityLarge (10) ____Low cost ofcards
Optical (2)______cards Store much dataGood for (5)_________Drivers and (6)_______to keep records(7)______ not much (8)________ dataNo processors Expensive card(9)___________
Q：你知道（3）_______填什么吗？
表（2）
Third-generation mobile phones (3G mobile phones)
(1) ______________ a. Data speed: (2) ______________ than present technologyb. Video and (3) _____ musicc. Video news programs: (4) ________ four times a dayd. Internet access: quicker and (5) __________
Impressive functions a. Offer (6) __________ services, helping you find your wayb. Provide two-way video (7) ____________
3G phones in China a. China is busy (8) ________ its 3G-based technologies, networks and services.b. 3G phones should go through a (9) _______ period before being put into market.c. 3G phones are expected to be seen (10) _______ next year.
Q； 你能看出（1）_____ 的答案吗？
二．填词中
(1) 通览全文,利用表格提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。
要特别注意文章的标题，归纳每段话的主题句。
例（3）
With the development of our modern society, people’s living conditions become much more comfortable. But along with intense competition, parents have less time to consider children’s needs in all-round. One method to solve this contradiction is to give children some pocket money. Pocket money is useful to children. But whether the children are considerable enough to make correct use of this money There are two viewpoints about the pocket money. Some people think that giving children pocket money will make them become luxurious. Others think that will not lead to such disadvantage. In my opinion, both of them are partially reasonable. Someone believes that giving children pocket money really has many advantages. With pocket money, children can buy their daily necessities such as pencils, little toys, and snack food they like. It will give children a certain freedom to select what they want, make them aware rules of the equivalent exchange. Since time to parents is very precious, giving pocket money to children help them to save time spent in shopping, but used in busy working and earning money. Others insist that there are undoubtedly some disadvantages in spending pocket money. First, young children do not know how to use pocket money appropriately, they possibly consume all the money to buy expensive merchandise that they like, and then ask for extra money from their parents. Some parents cosset their children, and always give them a large amount of pocket money. Such conditions will make children become more and more prodigal. Second, since adults do not supervise the procedure of shopping, children could probably buy something that is not suitable for their age, such as adult magazines. Judging these two viewpoints above-mentioned, I think that parents should give their children a limited amount of pocket money. There are some preconditions: the amount of pocket money must be finite; the parents should instruct their children how to use the pocket money moderately and what is suitable to them; for a costly merchandise, parents themselves should take children to buy it. With these preconditions, pocket money will do no harm to their children.
表3 Title: Giving Children Pocket Money
Different (1) _______ Someone is in (2)_________of giving pocket money.
Someone (3)________the right way of children spending pocket money
Reasons for (4)______ giving pocket money Children buy necessities on their (5)_________
Parents don’t have to (6)_________children when they buy things.
Reasons (7)______ children spending pocket money Children don’t know how to use money(8)________
Children may waste money buying things that may be (9)________ to them.
A possible (10)___________to the problem
Parents may give children a certain amount of money and teach them to cherish money and use it in a proper way.
Q1。通过观察表格，你知道（1）______ 填什么吗？
Q2。你还能推测出（7）______ 的答案吗？
Q3。你能不能根据搭配和表格的结构，猜测到（2）________ （5）_______
(2) 选词要尽可能完整准确地表达出文中信息。
先确定词意, 再确定词性，最后所选词的适当的词形变化：动词: 要注意时态,语态，数；
名词: 要注意单复数；形容词副词: 要注意各自不同的修饰功能，比较级、最高级；连词: 要注意行文的逻辑关系
例4， Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways:…
表（4）
Why taking a gap year is worthwhile for the (1)________you can do in the (2)_______in which you workfor your own personal (3)________
(4)____________between taking a gap year and going to universities both develop your personal(5)________, social skills, the ability to cope on your own, your (6)_____ of experiences and (7)_____understanding
Fears and concerns …
可以看出来（4）__________
例（5），By the end of this decade, more than half of the world’s population will live in cities. Urbanization brings many problems to almost every country in the world, among which energy is one of the most serious one.
表（5）
(1)____________ and development
(2)_____ China is facing Causes
Energy shortage (5)_______supply; demands for heavy and chemical (6)_________; rising urban population and the(7) ________ of city life; (8)_________of scale of economy in small and medium sized cities; the (9)_________level of township enterprises is low; serious(10)_________ of energy use in the building sector.
(3)_________pollution
Low(4)______ in energy usage
由上文的主题句可以看出（1）是___________ （2）__________
部分概括性词：
reasons causes results effects consequences advice suggestions opinions problems measures solutions ways features characteristics advantages target disadvantages differences similarities types forms names event purpose analysis
三、填词后
通读表格
1. 再次确保答案与表格内容的一致性，形式是否正确。
2. 注意语意是否流畅
总之，考生要想提高任务型阅读的效率，想要在该项目上得高分，甚至得满分，除了进行系统的训练外，还应注意以下问题。
　　一、系统复习语法，掌握扎实的基础知识
　　掌握扎实的英语语言知识是顺利完成阅读任务的基础，特别是有些英语表达与中国人的思维习惯不相同。因此，只有真正掌握了阅读材料中的字、词、句式以及一些字词句的背景知识，才能灵活运用于阅读材料，才能做到成竹于胸。
　　二、增加阅读量，培养良好的阅读习惯
　　为了拓展我们的阅读面，养成英语阅读的习惯。我们可以读一些英文小故事、幽默、笑话，或者篇幅较长的简易英文读物；如果条件许可的话，还可开展一些读书活动，如everyday report、英文故事会、朗诵会、戏剧表演、介绍英语时事新闻等。同时，针对不同的阅读材料，使用扫读、略读等不同阅读技巧。
实战演练
（1） （难度 ★）
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, while the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Though in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
Title: About Two Types of People
Types of People Differences (1)___________________
The happy Fixing their attention on the (2)__________ of things Equal degree of health and wealth and other(3) of life
The unhappy Think and speak only of the (4) things.
(5) about the unhappy Situation (7) (9) ____
Souring the pleasure of society ●Growing into a habit●Having bad effects on their interests and tastes●Nobody loves them●No one treats them with politeness and (8) ●Change this bad (10) _______ ●Be pleased with what is pleasing●Don’t worry needlessly about themselves and others
(6) _ many people
Making themselves disagreeable
（2） （难度 ★★）
Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills, so here are some general homework tips for parents:
● Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.
Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going.
● Make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available.
Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance.
● Help your child with time management.
Establish a set time each day for doing homework. Don’t let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates.
● Be positive about homework.
Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires.
● When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.
Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her.
Cooperation with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow the directions given by the teacher.
● Reward progress in homework.
If your child has been successful in homework completion and is working hard, celebrate that success with a special even (e.g. pizza, a walk, a trip to the park) to reinforce the positive effort
Title (1) ____________ for parents on their children’s homework
Topic Basic requirements
(2)_____ for homework A single room ●Quiet and well-lit●(3) _________ TV or other distractions
Materials for homework Things (4) _____ ●Some paper●Some pencils●A dictionary●(5)______ materials for some projects ahead of time
Time management Doing homework A (6)_____ time each day or a whole morning or afternoon on weekends
Attitudes to homework (7)________of homework ●(8)_________ by parents●Accepted by children
(9)_______ from parents Dos and don’ts ●Provide guidance●Don’t give answers●Cooperate with the teacher●Follow the teacher’s directions
(10) ________ Successful homework Reward the child with a special event.
（3）（难度 ★★★）
As the Internet and computer use become more common, the need for security is more important than ever. According to the latest statistical analysis, it is estimated there are over 1.1 billion Internet users worldwide. The Internet provides diverse and useful resources such as Email, instant messaging, academic research, product research, paying bills, shopping, online banking, and the list goes on and on. For many of its 1.1 billion users the Internet is not just a tool but a way of life. But most users fail to take the time to research the risks involved. One of the greatest in the online world is computer hacking.
Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers, those people who illegally enter systems, may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do theses things
Most hackers use information called protocols (协议) that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computers to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shred between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate (操纵) the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to invade a challenging system like a bank or military network. Hackers that do damage to a system by releasing viruses or altering, deleting, or taking information are known as active hackers they are, by far, the more dangerous of he two.
The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. So if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password.
Threat in the Online World
Who threats the online world What do they do How can people protect their computers and network
Hackers gain illegal (1) ______ to a computer or network. By manipulating the Internet (2) ______, they can enter a computer network (3) ______. They may (4) ______ the data and files stored in a computer, or plant (5) _____ in it.Passive hackers only take (6) ______ in being able to enter a challenging system, while active ones (7) ______ into a network with ill intentions. Using powerful password is an efficient way to strengthen the (8) ______ of a system. The harder a password is to guess, the (9) ______ a system can be. So remember not to use short or (10) ______ passwords like your date of birth or your telephone number.
（4） （难度 ★★★★）
Wen Jiabao arrived in Singapore yesterday for an official visit to the country. It is the first visit by a Chinese premier to Singapore in eight years. In the arrival statement, When said he is looking forward to the meeting with Singingpore on ways to deepen East Asian cooperation between two nations so as to contribute to the building of a peaceful, harmonious relationship."
Premier Wen Jiabao and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to jointly develop an environmentally friendly city in northeastern China. The city will be a model for sustainable development, a Singapore government statement said. The "Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city" will be developed by a joint venture formed by Chinese and Singapore companies. "This eco-city, to be built in Tianjin, will become another highlight in our relations," Wen said after signing an agreement with Lee, who agreed, "On the Singapore side, on all levels, we'll give this project our full support."
The two sides will share expertise and experiences in urban planning, environmental protection, resources conservation, recycling, use of renewable resources and wastewater re-use. China's economic planning agency issued a set of guidelines earlier this month welcoming foreign investment in environmentally friendly areas such as recycling, "clean" industries and environmental protection.
Bilateral relations between China and Singapore have seen big progress even though the two countries established diplomatic ties only 17 years ago, Wen said during his talks with Lee.
China and Singapore have also kept close contact and coordination on regional issues, he added. Wen said China and Singapore are both important Asian countries that share common interests in many areas.
Title: Wen’s visit to Singapore
Main points contexts
General(1)____ 0f Wen’s visit To(2)_____ _ with SingaporeTo(3)________ mutual relationship.
Agreements(4)_______ in the visit Another(5)_________ friendly city to be built in Tianjin.
co-operation in city planning, environment protection, recycling and so on for(6)________ development.
co-operation in(7)_______ affairs for a (8)______ Asia.
Guidelines(9)________ by China China’s(10)___________ for clean industries and environmental protection.
任务型阅读技巧训练答案
例题
表1 Advantages
表2 Advantages
表3 (1): opinions (7): against (2): favor (5): own
表 4 Similarities
表 5 （1） Urbanization （2）Problems
实战演练
（1）
1. Similarities 2. convenience 3.comforts 4. opposite 5.Analysis 6.Offending/Hurting 7. Results 8.respect 9. Tips/ Advice/ Suggestions 10. habit
（2）
1. Tips 2. Place 3. Without 4. available 5. special
6. set 7.Importance 8. Expressed 9. Help 10. Rewards
(3)
1 access 2 protocols 3 freely/unlimitedly 4 damage 5 viruses
6 pleasure 7 break 8 security 9 safer 10 usual
（4）
1.aims\purposes 2.co-operate 3.strengthen\promote 4.reached 5.environmentally 6. sustainable 7.regional 8.peaceful 9.set/issued 10.preference
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