Module 4 Unit 3
The fourth period Grammar and usage
Teaching goals
1. General introduction of the Passive voice.
2. Modal verbs and the passive voice
3. Verbs often used in Passive Voice
Teaching important points
Review and learn the different forms of the Passive Voice.
Teaching difficult points
How to teach the students to use passive voice in different tenses.
Teaching methods
Explaining(induction & deduction) and practicing
Teaching aids
Multi-media
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Revision
1. Introduction to the general usage of the passive voice
The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action.
The Passive is formed like this: Passive Subject + Be + Past Participle
It is often used in business and in other areas where the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action. For Example: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years. Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
If the agent (the performer of the action) is important, use “by.” For Example:
Tim Wilson wrote The Flight to Brunnswick in 1987.
The Flight to Brunnswick was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive.
2. Slide show of some examples in the passive.
Step II. Grammar
1. Passive voice in different tenses
时态
被动语态结构
一般现在时
am/is/are done
一般过去时
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
一般将来时
will be done
过去将来时
would be done
现在完成时
have/has been done
过去完成时
had been done
2. Oral practice---Change each sentence into passive voice:
1) A car knocked him down yesterday.
2) Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
3) When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
4) We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
5) Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
6) They had completed the railway by the end of last year．
7) They have learnt the text．
8) We should protect the earth
(In this step the students will learn the interchange between the passive voice and the active voice, the basic verb form of the passive voice, and some special passive patterns.)
3. Consolidating exercise(some specific verbs indicating passive actions)
1.The books ____ well．
A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold
2.The soup ____ nice．
A. has tasted B. was tasted C. tastes D. is tasted
3. The shop ____ at 6 p.m. every day.
A. closed B. close C. is closing D. closes
4. The dress needs______________ (wash)
5. The book is worth ________( read) .
6. We found it easy _______( learn) ．
7. The article is difficult___________ (understand).
8. Black people had no right_______( vote)
9. I have a lot of homework ______(do)．
10.There are many jobs_______(do)．
4. Introduction to some specific rules
(一)用谓语动词主动形式表示被动含义
1) 动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义 (read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock...)
The pen writes smoothly
2) 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。 (look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove ,make,...)
The steel feels cold．
3) 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, move ,run...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day．
(二) 用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动
1) want/need/require作“需要”讲时后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed
2) be worth 后常接动名词，用主动表示被动义．
The book is worth reading.
3) 不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。(difficult, easy, hard, fit, pleasant ,good, light, comfortable, safe)
The book is difficult to understand
4) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
I will give him something to drink
5) 不定式 to blame, 表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。
The boy is to blame for what he has done
6) 在There be 句型中修饰主语的不定式用主动形式或被动形式
There are many things to do/ to be done.
5. Short quizzes
Quiz 1
1. The steel _____ cold．
A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt
2. His plan _____ good．
A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds
Quiz 2
3. The shop _____ at 6 am. every day．
A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is opening
4. Work _____ at 7 pm. every day．
A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended
Quiz 3
5. The pen ______ smoothly．
A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is written
6. This coat _____ easily．
A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed
Quiz 4
7. Your jacket needs ________(wash)．
8. The house requires ________(repair)．
Quiz 5
9. The meat is not fit _______(eat)．
10. We find English difficult _________ (learn)．
Quiz 6
10. I have much homework ______(do)．
11. I’ll give the boy some books _______(read)．
Quiz 7
12. There are many things ______(do)．
13. The boy is ________(blame) for what he has done．
Step Ⅲ Instructions
1. How can we change a sentence into passive voice ?
1. Find out the subject of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.
2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.
3. If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.
2. When do we use the passive voice ?
1) It is unnecessary for us to get to know or we just don’t know who the doer of the action is. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
2) The receiver of the action is supposed to be emphasized. 强调动作的承受者
3) There is such a long modifier of the doer so that it is usually put at the back of sentence for the purpose of balance. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。
4) Who the doer of the action is is to be avoided out of politeness. 出于礼貌， 不愿意说出动作的执行者。
3. Where do we have to pay attention？
1）Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice. 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。 不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。 如：happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。
2）Some verbs can be used in the active voice indicating a passive action. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思， 如：act, cook, keep, look, open, write, read, sell,wash等。
3) The passive voice is usually used in some sentence patterns. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如：It is said that …It is reported that…It is hoped that …It is well known that …It is believed that … It must be admitted that … It must be pointed out that
4) The passive voice and link-verb& predicative structure: The passive voice stresses a passive action while the link-predicative focuses on a state or a certain feature of the subject. 被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。
4. What are some common verbs often used in the passive voice?
Some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice fun_ction as adjectives.
Complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given.
1) The children are getting ____ about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)
2) Don’t you get ____ of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)
3) Joan isn’t very good at Physics, so everyone was ___ when she passed the exam. (surprising; surprised)
4) All of us were very ___ last Saturday because our team lost the game. (disappointing; disappointed)
5) My parents are quite ___ with my best results. (pleasing; pleased)
6) Both of them are ___ with the arrangement. (satisfying; satisfied)
The correct answer for the blanks are the words ended in –ed, all of which functioned as adj., expressing one’s feeling about something.
Read the instructions of the exercise on page 51 and the timeline. Complete the article with suitable verbs in their proper forms.
Answers
(2) bored with (3) interested in (4) was written by (5) was set up
(6) were employed (7) was surprised at (8) was accused of (9) was questioned by
(10) was closed down
Step Ⅳ Consolidation
1. Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examination:
1. All the employees except the manager _____to work online at home. （04广东）
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海）
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____by 2008. （04 北京)
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
4. —Why did you leave that position?
—I _________ a better position at IBM. (05北京)
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
5. More patients _____in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏）
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
6. The crazy fans______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.（04重庆） A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
7. More than a dozen students in that school _______ abroad to study medicine last year.（05上海卷） A. sent B. had sent C. were sent D. had been sent
8. ---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? (04湖北)
---No. I _______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
9. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. (03上海春)
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
10. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing. (03上海春)
A. would be completed B. being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
11. No permission has _________ for anybody to enter the building. (MET88)
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving
12. The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things___________. (MET90)
A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen
13. ---Have you moved into the new house? (MET91)
---Not yet, the rooms _________.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
14. If city noises _________ from increasing, people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (MET 92)
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
15. I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s _____to be quite a good one. (MET95)
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked
16. --____the sports meet might be put off.
--Yes, it all depends on the weather. (MET95)
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
17. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____by the hour. (NMET98)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
18. The hero’s story _______ differently in the newspaper. (NMET05)
A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported
19. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _______ before the party.（NMET 04全国）
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
20. According to the art dealer, the painting _______ to go for at last a million dollars. (NMET04)
A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting
2. Translation:
1.我很困, 因为我被蚊子搅了一整夜。
2. 任务的所有准备工作已经就绪，我们已经准备开始。
3. 我有十分钟来决定是否拒绝那个提议。
4. 据报道，到去年年底又一个体育馆在北京竣工了。
6. 昨天的会议一定被推迟了，因为恶劣的天气使得许多专家无法及时赶到。
Keys: 1-5 DDCDD 6-10 BCCDD 11-15 A DAAA 16-20 ACAAA
1. I am sleepy becauseＩwas worried by mosquitoes all night
2. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3. I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
4. It was reported that another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing by the end of last year,
5. Generally speaking, no one likes being made fun of in public.
6. The meeting must have been put off yesterday because many specialists could not arrive in time because of /due to the bad weather.
Step Ⅴ Homework
1. Review what we learned today.
2. Finish exercises on page 92.
3. Preview Task.
课件41张PPT。The Passive VoiceLead inRockets ________ (use) to send up satellites．are used火箭发射图The rocket _____________ (send up) into space now．is being sent up污染图The air and the water _________
_______(pollute)．are beingpolluted砍伐图Trees ___________(cut) down．Soil ____________ (wash) away．are being cut will be washed 拳击图A boxer _____________(beat) down．has been beaten双子楼图The twin towers ___________ (attack) in 2001．were attackedSaddam got ______
(arrest) in his hometown.arrested生病图The boy may _______________ (infect) with AIDS．have been infected表格：被动态基本结构am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donewill be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneOral practice-主动句改被动句 Oral practice--1. Change each sentence into passive voice:
A car knocked him down yesterday.
Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．He was knocked down by a car…．
The medical team is made up of…．
A fallen tree was being cut up…．4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year． The play will be put on next Sunday．
A new teaching building is being built…．
The railway had been completed by the end of last year． 7)They have learnt the text．
8) We should protect the earth
The text has been learnt.
含情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词( must/ can/should/…)+be +V-edThe earth should be protect.主动式表被动义1.The books ____ well．
A. were sold B. sell
C. have sold D. are being sold
2.The soup ____ nice．
A. has tasted B. was tasted
C. tastes D. is tasted
3.The shop ____ at 6 p.m. every day.
A. closed B. close
C. is closing D. closes
4.The dress needs______________ (wash)BCDwashing/to be washed5.The book is worth ________( read) .
6.We found it easy _______( learn) ．
7.The article is difficult___________ (understand).
8.Black people had no right_______( vote)
9.I have a lot of homework ______(do)．
10.There are many jobs_______(do)．
to learnto understandto do
to doreadingto vote(一)用谓语动词主动形式表示被动含义
1. 动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/badly /easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
(read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock...)
The pen writes smoothly
2 .表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被
动义。
(look ,sound ,feel ,smell ,taste, prove ,make,...)
The steel feels cold．
3. 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被
动义。
(begin,open,start,stop,end, finish,shut, move ,run...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day．
(二) 用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动
want/need/require作“需要”讲时后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed
2. be worth 后常接动名词，用主动表示被动义．
The book is worth reading.
3.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
(difficult, easy, hard, fit, pleasant ,good, light,
comfortable, safe)
The book is difficult to understand
4.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
I will give him something to drink
表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。．
5. 不定式 to blame, 表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。
The boy is to blame for what he has done
6. 在There be 句型中修饰主语的不定式用主动形式或被动形式
There are many things to do/ to be done.
．
Quiz 1 Quiz 1
1. The steel _____ cold．
A. is felt B. was feeling
C. feels D. is being felt
2. His plan _____ good．
A. has sounded B. is sounding
C. is sounded D. soundsCDQuiz 2Quiz 2
The shop _____ at 6 am. every day．
A. opens B. opened
C. is opened D. is opening
Work _____ at 7 pm. every day．
A. ends B. ended
C. was ended D. had endedAAThe pen ______ smoothly．
A. was wrote B. writes
C. has writing D. is written
This coat _____ easily．
A. has washed B. was washed
C. washes D. is washedQuiz 3BCYour jacket needs ________(wash)．
The house requires ________(repair)．Quiz 4washingrepairingThe meat is not fit _______(eat)．
We find English difficult _________ (learn)．Quiz 5to eatto learnI have much homework ______(do)．
I’ll give the boy some books _______(read)．Quiz 6to doto readThere are many things ______(do)．
The boy is ________(blame) for what he has done．Quiz 7to do
to be done口语中常用主动式to blameCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:
1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball．
2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university．
3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)A fire was broken out last night．
5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before．
6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital．had been damagedis now being builtbroke out7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day．
8)His plan is sounded good．
9)Your coat needs being washed．beginssoundsto be washed / washing 特别警士： 1。 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以
有被动语态。 不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。 如：happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。Correct mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet. belongs tosounds2.有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思， 如：act, cook, keep, look, open, write, read, sell,wash等。Your article reads well.This type of car sells well in China.This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.It is said that …
It is reported that…
It is hoped that …
It is well known that …
It is believed that …
It must be admitted that …
It must be pointed out that …3.; 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如：被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。The long novel was written by Mr. Luxun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written, isn’t it ?The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it ?被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构Feedback:Choose the best answers:--- Is Bob still performing ?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official.
to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left 2. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York ?
--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
will not be sent; that
not be sent;that
C.should bot be sent;what
D.should not send;what3. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A.has been caused B.had been caused
C.will be caused D.will have been caused
4. Much attention should ____ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may____ traffic jams and more accidents.
A.pay to;result in B.be paid;result from
C.be paid to;result in D.be paid;result from5. She is very shy and she is not used to ____ in front of others.
A.praise B.praising
C.being praised D.be praised
6. –What did the students think of the speech made by the lectureer yesterday ?
--To tell you the truth, the students were all _____ with the ___speech.
A.boring;boring B.boring;bored
C.bored;bored D.bored;boring7. My sister ______ a good chance to go abroad for further education.
A.offered B. was offering
C.has offered D. was offered
8. Today many young people enjoy chatting on the net, but their sentences ______.
never read B. are never read
C. weren’t read D. didn’t read9. Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear.
A.is used B. are used
C. Have used D. has been used
10. – George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding ?
-- No. I ___ . Did they have a big wedding ?
Was not invited B. have not been invited
C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t inviteHomework
Review what we learned today.
Finish exercises on page 92.
Preview Task.
Thank you
