北师大版高一上学期Unit 3 Celebration （整单元资料）

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巴西狂欢节
最早的巴西狂欢节开始于1641年，当时的殖民统治者为了庆祝葡萄牙国王的寿辰，法令民众游行、舞蹈、畅饮娱乐。经过300多年的发展，巴西狂欢节成了民间最重要的节日，灿烂的阳光、缤纷的华服、火辣的桑巴舞以及洋溢在男女老少脸上的笑容，构成了一幅浓郁的民俗风情画。
　　在狂欢节的游行队伍里，不分贫穷和富有，不分尊贵或卑贱，从白天跳到黑夜，快乐可以传染，不满得以宣泄。狂欢节期间，数不清的罗曼史在发生，点亮人们平庸的日常生活。你有权期待浪漫，期待激情，你有权发泄不满，表达抗议，一切都那么爽，于是你笑了。环顾四周，载歌载舞的游行队伍中，桑巴舞小姐多么美，阳光多么好，开心最重要。 里约热内卢每年的狂欢王、狂欢后及狂欢公主都是经过评选产生的。他们都是在各种桑巴舞表演中担任过领舞的桑巴能手，狂欢王的体重还必须在130公斤以上。今年的狂欢王阿莱士年龄28岁，体重170公斤，已经连续3年获此殊荣，狂欢后和狂欢公主也都是巴西人非常熟悉的桑巴舞小姐。他们在今年狂欢节期间每天都要参加多场桑巴舞表演。
　　规模盛大的桑巴舞游行中，一辆辆车身长达10米的彩车打头阵，车上装着高音喇叭，车顶上七八名鼓手敲出震耳欲聋的欢乐鼓点，歌手引吭高歌，桑巴舞小姐高高在上，扭动腰肢，跳着欢快的桑巴舞。成千上万的人簇拥在彩车前后，一边和歌手一起歌唱，一边随着节奏跳着桑巴舞。
　　由于沿途不断有人加入，游行队伍越来越长。人们极尽想象，把自己打扮得千奇百怪，以吸引路人的眼光，参加游行的人有年过花甲的老人，有坐在父亲肩头的儿童。男男女女，老老少少，人人都在唱，个个都在跳。烈日炎炎，气温高达32摄氏度，虽然人人脸上都淌着汗水，但个个脸上都挂着笑容。
　　大家都奇装异服，要引人注目，只有走极端。电视女演员安吉拉·比兹玛克在身体上涂满了巴西国旗的颜色，赤裸全身，随着游行队伍尽情欢跳，警察实在看不过眼，一定要她穿上点什么，否则就以"侮辱国旗"为由拘禁她。但是在电视采访中，安吉拉辩驳说："这是表达对国家的尊敬。"
　　里约热内卢的海滩，随处可见上身赤裸的女性，以致于游客也开始脱衣服。而在游行的桑巴舞彩车上，桑巴舞模特或赤裸上身，或只穿比基尼，在车顶忘情欢跳。
　　游行是表达政见的好机会，尽管此届狂欢节的主题极力弘扬爱国主义，但是，还是有彩车被装点上了土著印地安人、拿枪的葡萄牙"入侵者"，以及运奴船，以抗议殖民历史，还有人举起牌子，抗议1964年至1985年巴西军政府的专制统治。
　　但并不是什么都可以的，全身赤裸、诋毁宗教被普遍认为不合适，这些行为，一般会遭到警察的立即制止。
　　狂欢节中，警察是惟一笑不起来的人。狂欢节的头两天，交通流量大增，许多内地人开车前往里约热内卢等海滨城市旅游观光，圣保罗等大城市的人们又纷纷开车前往内地探亲度假。巴西全国发生车祸1065起，造成72人死亡，551人受伤。大部分交通事故发生在白天和天气良好的情况下，多数车祸原因是司机酒后驾车和超速行驶。
　　在游行队伍气氛处于高潮时，毒品交易比平时高出一倍。狂欢节期间，大量的风流韵事发生，巴西警察毫不忌讳地提醒人们注意预防艾滋病。 此次巴西狂欢节吸引的游客创下了历史纪录，仅里约热内卢一地，就有31万多名游客。国家旅游局的官员恩伯塔估计，仅4天假期，巴西咖啡商做成了12亿美元的生意。出租车生意出奇地好。热心的组织者为了让游人尽兴，特地为外地游客开设了跳桑巴舞的速成班，好让他们也能边舞边乐，体会桑巴风情。
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Celebration of the Dragon Boat Festival
Officially on falling on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Double Fifth Day. While many stories regarding its origin abound, the most popular and widely accepted version regards Qu Yuan, a minister during the Warring States Period (475 - 221 BC)
Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival's Origin
At the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the area we now know as China had fallen into a state of fragmentation and conflict. While the Zhou dynasty had ruled for several centuries, several other states, originally feudal domains, tried to carve out their own kingdoms. The state of Qin would eventually emerge the victor and unify all of China under one rule for the first time in history.
Qu Yuan served as minister to the Zhou Emperor. A wise and articulate man, he was loved by the common people. He did much to fight against the rampant corruption that plagued the court-- thereby earning the envy and fear of other officials. Therefore, when he urged the emperor to avoid conflict with the Qin Kingdom, the officials pressured the Emperor to have him removed from service. In exile, he traveled, taught and wrote for several years. Hearing that the Zhou had been defeated by the Qin, he fell into despair and threw himself into the Milou River. His last poem reads:
Many a heavy sigh I have in my despair,
Grieving that I was born in such an unlucky time.
I yoked a team of jade dragons to a phoenix chariot,
And waited for the wind to come,
to sour up on my journey
As he was so loved by the people, fishermen rushed out in long boats, beating drums to scare the fish away, and throwing zong zi into the water to feed braver fish so that they would not eat Qu Yuan's body.
The Modern Dragon Boat Festival
Starting from that time to this day, people commemorate Qu Yuan through Dragon Boat Races, eating zong zi, and several other activities, on the anniversary of his death: the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Dragon Boat races are the most exciting part of the festival, drawing crowds of spectators. Dragon Boats are generally brightly painted and decorated canoes. Ranging anywhere from 40 to 100 feet in length, their heads are shaped like open-mouthed dragons, while the sterns end with a scaly tail. Depending on the length, up to 80 rowers can power the boat. A drummer and flag-catcher stand at the front of the boat. Before a dragon boat enters competition, it must be "brought to life" by painting the eyes in a sacred ceremony. Races can have any number of boats competing, with the winner being the first team to grab a flag at the end of the course. Annual races take place all over China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other overseas Chinese communities.
Zong Zi
The traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival, Zong zi is a glutinous rice ball, with a filling, wrapped in corn leaves. The fillings can be egg, beans, dates, fruits, sweet potato, walnuts, mushrooms, meat, or a combination of them. They are generally steamed.
Talisman and Charms
Another aspect of the Double Fifth Day is the timing: at the beginning of summer, when diseases are likely to strike, people also wear talisman to fend off evil spirits. They may hang the picture of Zhong Kui, guardian against evil spirits, on the door of their homes, as well. Adults may drink Xiong Huang Wine, and children carry fragrant silk pouches, all of which can prevent evil. It is said that if you can balance a raw egg on its end at exactly noon on Double Fifth Day, the rest of the year will be lucky.
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How to Celebrate Spring Festival
New Year's Eve
Like the western Thanksgiving, the New Year's Eve dinner is a time for all members of the family, even those who live far away, to gather together. The dinner is frequently called wei lu 'surrounding the fire stove'. This is because there was traditionally a fire stove under the table to provide a very warm and cozy atmosphere in which the whole family could enjoy eating and chatting.
The meal itself consists of ten to twelve courses which are not only delicate and tasty, but also rife with symbolic meaning. There are dishes to symbolize health, wealth and good fortune, and like the decorations, it is because they are homophones with lucky words. For instance, fish symbolizes surplus because the word for fish sounds the same as the word for surplus in Chinese. Many Americans are surprised to learn that the fish Chinese people choose to eat on New Year's Eve is usually a carp. Its name, li, has the same sound as the word for profit. The mustard green, which is known as chang-nian-cai 'long-year vegetable' in some dialects, naturally symbolizes longevity. Dishes made with turnips indicate good fortune because the name for turnips, cai-tou , also means 'good luck' in some dialects. There are many other symbolic foods, but one of the most significant is Chinese dumplings, which because their shape is similar to ancient Chinese gold and silver ingots, symbolize wealth. The chef typically hides a coin in one dumpling while cooking. Whoever ends up with the coin is supposed to become the luckiest and most successful person in the year to come, that is, of course, if they don't choke on it.
Handing Out Red Envelopes
　You've heard the phrase "Christmas is for kids." Well, Chinese New Year is also quite child-friendly. After the New Year's Eve meal all children receive red envelopes stuffed with money from their parents and adult relatives and friends. The money in the red envelopes is known as ya-sui-qian 'suppress-age-money', which indicates an attempt to keep children young; Chinese people count their age according to the lunar new year, so all the children will become one year older overnight! Some adults also give the red envelopes to their parents to wish them health and good fortune in the new year. Relatives usually give to each other's kids, so everything comes out somewhat equal, unless of course you are a single adult with lots of nieces and nephews. I know. I have nine.
Staying Up All Night to Welcome in The New Year
Similar to the practice in the United States, Chinese usually stay up late or even go without sleep on New Year's Eve. This is called shou-sui 'keep the age'. This is one time during the year when children are allowed to stay up as late as they want. In fact, children are told that their parents will live longer if they stay awake until the new year. In general, people spend the night watching special New Year's Eve programs on TV, playing cards, chatting, drinking, and enjoying hanging around with their families.
The New Year
As soon as the day breaks and the festival sets in, firecrackers can be heard everywhere and the sky is soon lit with flashes and colors. Fables tell of a monster who always comes out to eat people during the first few days of the New Year. Chinese people traditionally lit fireworks and wore red clothing to scare away the monster. Now these have become the signs for an auspicious and happy New Year!
On the first day of the New Year, everyone dons new clothing and sets out to offer ritual homage to the ancestors and the gods. The members of the younger generation also pay their respects to the older generation. On this day the sound of fireworks blends everywhere with the aroma of burning incense and ritual paper and the sound of ceremonial music.
After the important rituals, people usually go out to greet their friends and relatives. The most common greetings phrases are gongxi 'congratulations!' or gongxi facai 'congratulations and be prosperous!' or gong-he-xin-xi 'best wishes for a happy new year!'. The street are filled with cheerful people, and here and there one sees the performance of the dragon and lion dances. When the dancers stop in front of a residence or business it brings good fortune to the occupants, and in return they usually present the dancers with some lucky money in red envelopes as a thank you and a reward. Most shops are closed on New Year's Day, but business in usually great for taxi drivers.
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元宵节
每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国的传统节日--元宵节。
　　正月是农历的元月，古人称夜为“宵”，所以称正月十五为元宵节。正月十五日是一年中第一个月圆之夜，也是一元复始，大地回春的夜晚，人们对此加以庆祝，也是庆贺新春的延续。元宵节又称为“上元节”。
　　按中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月高悬的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。出门赏月、燃灯放焰、喜猜灯谜、共吃元宵，合家团聚、同庆佳节，其乐融融。
　　元宵节也称灯节，元宵燃灯的风俗起自汉朝，到了唐代，赏灯活动更加兴盛，皇宫里、街道上处处挂灯，还要建立高大的灯轮、灯楼和灯树，唐朝大诗人卢照邻曾在《十五夜观灯》中这样描述元宵节燃灯的盛况“接汉疑星落，依楼似月悬。”
　　宋代更重视元宵节，赏灯活动更加热闹，赏灯活动要进行5天，灯的样式也更丰富。明代要连续赏灯10天，这是中国最长的灯节了。清代赏灯活动虽然只有3天，但是赏灯活动规模很大，盛况空前，除燃灯之外，还放烟花助兴。
　　“猜灯谜”又叫“打灯谜”，是元宵节后增的一项活动，出现在宋朝。南宋时，首都临安每逢元宵节时制迷，猜谜的人众多。开始时是好事者把谜语写在纸条上，贴在五光十色的彩灯上供人猜。因为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中深受社会各阶层的欢迎。
　　民间过元宵节吃元宵的习俗。元宵由糯米制成，或实心，或带馅。馅有豆沙、白糖、山楂、各类果料等，食用时煮、煎、蒸、炸皆可。起初，人们把这种食物叫“浮圆子”，后来又叫“汤团”或“汤圆”，这些名称“团圆”字音相近，取团圆之意，象征全家人团团圆圆，和睦幸福，人们也以此怀念离别的亲人,寄托了对未来生活的美好愿望。
　　一些地方的元宵节还有“走百病”的习俗，又称“烤百病”“散百病”，参与者多为妇女，他们结伴而行或走墙边，或过桥，走郊外，目的是驱病除灾。
　　随着时间的推移，元宵节的活动越来越多，不少地方节庆时增加了耍龙灯、耍狮子、踩高跷、划旱船扭秧歌、打太平鼓等传统民俗表演。这个传承已有两千多年的传统节日，不仅盛行于海峡两岸，就是在海外华人的聚居区也年年欢庆不衰。
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The 15-Day Celebration of Chinese New Year
The first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth."Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.
On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.
The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.
The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.
On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.
The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.
On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.
The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.
The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner. After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum)to cleanse the system
The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night.
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Mother's Day
So who came up with the idea of honoring mothers nation-wide on the second Sunday in May
EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Some historians claim that the predecessor of the Mother's Day holiday was the ancient spring festival dedicated to mother goddesses. In the ancient Greek empire the spring festival honored Rhea, wife of Cronus and mother of the gods and goddesses. In Rome the most significant Mother's Day-like festival was dedicated to the worship of Cybele, another mother goddess. Ceremonies in her honor began some 250 years before Christ was born. This Roman religious celebration, known as Hilaria, lasted for three days - from March 15 to 18!
ENGLAND'S MOTHERING SUNDAY
More like the modern celebration of Mother's Day is England's "Mothering Sunday", also called Mid-Lent Sunday, observed on the fourth Sunday in Lent. Some say the ceremonies in honor of Cybele were adopted by the early church to venerate the Mother of Christ, Mary. Others believe the Mother Church was substituted for mother goddess and custom began to dictate that a person visit the church of his/her baptism on this day. People attended the mother church of their parish, laden with offerings.
Also in England in the 1600's, young men and women who were apprentices or servants returned home on Mothering Sunday, bringing to their mothers small gifts like trinkets or a "mothering cake". Sometimes furmety was served - wheat grains boiled in sweet milk, sugared and spiced.
In northern England and in Scotland, the preferred refreshments were carlings - pancakes made of steeped pease fried in butter, with pepper and salt. In fact, in some locations this day was called Carling Sunday.
Another kind of mothering cake was the simnel cake, a very rich fruit cake. The Lenten fast dictated that the simnel cake had to keep until Easter. It was boiled in water, then baked, and was often finished with an almond icing. Sometimes the crust was of flour and water, colored with saffron.
INTEREST STARTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Anna M. Jarvis (1864-1948) is credited with originating our Mother's Day holiday. She never married and was extremely attached to her mother, Mrs. Anna Reese Jarvis. Mrs. Jarvis was a minister's daughter who for 20 years taught Sunday School in the Andrews Methodist Church of Grafton, West Virginia. Miss Jarvis graduated from the Female Seminary in Wheeling, West Virginia, and taught in Grafton before moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with the rest of her family.
Anna Reese Jarvis died in Philadelphia in May of 1905. Still unmarried and left alone with her blind sister Elsinore, Anna missed her mother greatly. Two years after her mother's death (1907) Anna Jarvis and her friends began a letter-writing campaign to gain the support of influential ministers, businessmen and congressmen in declaring a national Mother's Day holiday. She felt children often neglected to appreciate their mother enough while the mother was still alive. She hoped Mother's Day would increase respect for parents and strengthen family bonds.
THE FIRST MOTHER'S DAY
The first Mother's Day observance was a church service honoring Mrs. Anna Reese Jarvis, held at Anna Jarvis's request in Grafton, West Virginia, and in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 10, 1908.
Carnations, her mother's favorite flowers, were supplied at that first service by Miss Jarvis. White carnations were chosen because they represented the sweetness, purity and endurance of mother love. Red carnations, in time, became the symbol of a living mother. White ones now signify that one's mother has died.
OTHER MOTHER'S DAY OBSERVANCES
The first Mother's Day proclamation was issued by the governor of West Virginia in 1910. Oklahoma celebrated Mother's Day that year as well. By 1911 every state had its own observances. By then other areas celebrating Mother's Day included Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South America and Africa. The Mother's Day International Association was incorporated on December 12, 1912, with the purpose of furthering meaningful observations of Mother's Day.
OFFICIAL PROCLAMATION
The House of Representatives in May, 1913, unanimously adopted a resolution requesting the President, his Cabinet, members of Congress, and all officials of the federal government to wear a white carnation on Mother's Day. Congress passed another Joint Resolution May 8, 1914, designating the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day. The U.S. flag is to be displayed on government buildings and at people's homes "as a public expression of our love and reverence for the mothers of our country." President Woodrow Wilson issued the first proclamation making Mother's Day an official national holiday.
SO NOW WHAT
If your mother is still alive, take care to shower her with special attention this Mother's Day. Visit her. Phone her. Send her a card. Give her flowers. Get her gourmet chocolates. Buy her something you know she's been wanting. But don't wait until after her funeral to let her know how much you've appreciated her! Wear your red (or otherwise-colored) carnation proudly.
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Christmas: The Global Celebration
Christmas is truly a global celebration! Although the traditions and foods associated with it vary with climate, culture, country -- even calendar -- the spirit of the day transcends all such differences.
While possibly the most "popular" Christian holiday, Christmas has also evolved into a secular celebration. Ironically fitting, since the eventual acceptance of Christianity in most societies required missionaries and church hierarchy to meld Christian practices with the pagan or other non Christian religious beliefs of the native people.
In Northern Europe, pre-Christian symbols of spirit worship have become Yuletide standards, such as the Christmas tree, mistletoe, holly, and ivy. Overindulgence at the dinner table, stringing Christmas lights, exchanging gifts, even burning the Yule log are traditions that can be traced back to the ancient Roman celebration of Saturnalia and various winter solstice rituals.
Even in societies where Christianity is not the dominant religious belief, Santa Claus has become the reason for the season.
Japan has celebrated Christmas since at least the 1930s and especially since World War II as a precursor to New Year celebrations. On Christmas Eve lovers treat each other to lavish gifts and children await Uncle Chimney. And there's no problem cooking that big dinner. Parents have been known to wait for hours lined up outside the local Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise to buy a bucket of chicken for their eager children. (At the root of this practice is the perceived similarity between Colonel Sanders and jolly old St. Nick.) Add to this an even older culinary tradition of feasting on strawberry shortcake (topped with a plastic fir tree) and Christmas Japanese style takes on a meaning all its own.
Though many of us paint Christmas in the snow-laden colors of Currier and Ives prints, below the equator its summer. Christmas in Australia and South Africa ranges from the fowl or roast front and center in a dinner spread out over a formal table to a casual picnic in the great outdoors-Throw another shrimp on the barbie, mate Nevertheless, despite the temperate weather, Christmas trees, mistletoe, holly, and European style gift giving accompany the festivities down under.
Zaire, Rumania, and Poland share a common Yuletide bond -- folk plays performed in villages around Christmas time. These performances all dramatize various aspects of the Christmas nativity story, complete with caricatures of Herod and his soldiers, the ever-popular tax collectors, the Wise Men, shepherds, sheep, camels, donkey, Mary, Joseph, and the infant Jesus.
Jamaica, as well as several other Caribbean islands and some African countries, favor such Christmas festivities as masquerade performances and parties. In Sierra Leone groups of school children march about town with their "devils" and stop at various points to present brief 12 to 15 minute performances, highlighted with devil dances. Less ominous than it appears, each group of boys and its respective Alikali Devil costume is sponsored and maintained throughout the year by local civic organizations.
In Venezuela, "devils" of a different kind fill the streets shortly after midnight on Christmas Eve. Hundreds of rollerskating teens fan out about their about towns for an hour or so, finally making their way to church and a special early morning Christmas mass. Skating home, they find bountiful Christmas breakfasts waiting for them, featuring hallacas-cornmeal pastries filled with spicy meat, wrapped in banana leaves and boiled.
Food and feasting seem to be universal qualities of Christmas celebrations. Where the indigenous population of a country has been influenced by the introduction of Europeans, the Christmas feast centers around a roast. Historically for Europeans settled by conquering Roman armies, the roast was a pig -- the traditional meal used to celebrate the Roman feast of Saturnalia. As many of these European countries began settling the Americas, turkeys were imported, raised, and substituted for pork.
Countries of the southern hemisphere feature fresh fruits and vegetables at their Christmas feasts which are often communal. For while the north marks the winter solstice, in the Zulu homelands, Zimbabwe, and Peru the Christmas celebration overlaps the festivities associated with the summer harvest and the pre-Christian rituals of the native people. Leafy greens, young corn, fresh fruit, and ice cream often accompany to the roast, which is sometimes prepared whole on a spit when the feast is a village affair.
Adding further to this seeming calendar of confusion, no one knows the exact date of Christ's birth, which, Santa Claus aside, is the basis for the Christmas celebration. For over 300 years it was a movable feast since early Christians tended to celebrate Christmas in conjunction with Hanukkah, attempting to mesh the old Julian and Hebrew calendars.
Pope Julius I set the December 25 date on or about 336 ad in an effort to provide continuity from year to year and to counterbalance the various pre Christian festivals in competition with the spread of Catholicism. Although many of the Orthodox or Eastern Rite Christian churches have celebrated Christmas on December 25 since the middle of the fifth century, some chose to keep their festivities on the traditional date of January 6 or 7, known also as the Epiphany.
Whatever the date or the practices associated with it, Christmas continues to be the most universally celebrated holiday around the globe, transcending language, culture, and even religious beliefs. Regardless of your reason to celebrate the season, I hope you find the spirit behind the holiday every day of the year!
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Wedding Customs from Around the World
Wedding traditions and customs vary from one country to another, but each one is special and celebrates the marriage bond of the newly weds.
China
Exchanging Handkerchiefs and Wishing Each Other Good Luck
In China, every new couple needs to go to a park to have a video made before the evening party starts. If a new couple meets in a park, the bride and bridegroom should exchange a new handkerchief and wish each other good luck. It has to be red and have a picture of mandarin ducks. Because ducks always stay together, it means they will stay together. We have this custom so they share happiness and congratulate each other. Traditionally, the more happiness you share, the more good luck you get. So, don't forget to prepare these handkerchiefs by hand when you are going to getmarried.
One of the Interesting Things in a Chinese Wedding Ceremony
In traditional Chinese wedding ceremony, a couple always has jokes played on them by their friends or guests. For example, during the ceremony an apple is hung with a thread before the couple. Then people who attend their wedding ask the bride and groom to bite the apple at the same time in order to show they love each other. However, at the moment their lips touch it, one of their friends suddenly pulls it away and the couple's lips meet and they have a big kiss instead of biting the apple before them. Interestingly, this action or behavior always causes a loud laugh.
Eastern Europe
Asking the Girl's Father for Permission
In my country, the engagement is an event previous to the wedding. One month before the wedding, the groom asks the girl's father for permission to take the girl out of her family house. He goes to her house early in the morning with a band, if he can afford the expense. All the neighbors come to see the new bride and to tell her something nice.
Japan
A Wine Ceremony Symbolizes Dedication
A Shinto wedding has a typical ceremony. A couple drinks Japanese rice wine in front of a priest. First, the bride drinks the wine from a small cup. Next, the bride passes the cup to the groom and he also drinks the wine from the cup. They try to drink wine three times. This ceremony means that they promise to be dedicated each other.
Korea
Tossing the Bridal Bouquet and Giving nuts and Jujube
Many young people get married western style in Korea. That is, women wear a short dress, and men wear a new western suit. The bride throws her wedding bouquet back over her shoulder, and the girl who catches it is the one who is going to get married next.
After the wedding ceremony is finished, the bride and bridegroom change into Korean traditional clothes and bow to their parents and elder relatives. Then, the parents and older relatives give them many nuts, Jujube, and some money. Nuts and Jujube mean they will have children, and they wish the bride and bridegroom a happy marriage.
They'll Have Daughters and Sons
If a bridegroom smiles a lot in a wedding, he will get a daughter as a first child. If a bride takes some nuts, she will get a lot of sons. (Traditionally, the parents of a bridegroom throw nuts and plums to a bride after a wedding. At that time, a bride takes nuts or plums in her shirt.)
Taiwan
The Groom Has to Promise to Take Care of the Bride
One the morning of the wedding day, the very first thing that happens is for the groom to pick the bride up from her house. Before the groom sees the bride, he has to kneel down in front of the bride's parents and promise them that he will take good care of their daughter. After that the groom is allowed to take the bride to the car which is waiting outside the house. Then the whole day ceremony will begin.
Tests and Games for the Bridegroom
In Taiwan, a bridesmaid and best man are not necessary in a traditional wedding because usually the parents will play these roles. The bride and bridegroom can not see each other the day before the wedding. Friends will design some games or tests and the bridegroom has to pass them before he can take his wife to get married. For example, friends will ask the groom about the bride's private things. If he answers correctly, he can go on to the next game, but if he doesn't pass the game, he has to give money to everyone and then he can go to the next step of the game playing. Those friends want to teach the groom it is not so easy for a man to get married to a beautiful woman.
Important Details of the Wedding Ceremony
A wedding ceremony in Brazil has many important details. For example, the bridegroom can't see the bride wearing her wedding dress before the ceremony. The bride has to use something old, something new, and something that is borrowed. One more detail is that the rings should be engraved: the name of the bridegroom on the bride's ring and vice-versa.
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Celebration for Japanese Girls
March 3rd is Japanese Girl's Day called Hina-matsuri (Doll Festival.) It's a celebration for Japanese girls. (Japanese Boy's Day is May 5th.) People display a set of hina ningyo (dolls) and props in the house, wishing girls' healthy growth and happiness. Parents or grand parents of a newborn girl buy a set of gorgeous hina dolls unless they have special dolls, which are inherited from generation to generation.
Hina dolls are dressed in Japanese ancient costumes and are displayed on the shelves of a stand covered with a red carpet from the end of February to March 3rd. It is believed that any hina doll display should be taken down soon after the festival day; otherwise girls might have to wait to get married.
Hina-matsuri is also called momo-no-sekku, which means a festival of peach blossoms.
Peach blossoms, shiro-zake (white rice wine), and hishi-mochi (diamond shaped rice cakes) are placed on the stand with hina dolls. Hishi-mochi are colored in pink (implies peach flowers), white (implies snow), and green (implies new growth).
The origin of hina-matsuri is said to be an ancient Chinese ceremony that people let paper dolls flow on a river to get rid of bad luck from their bodies. This practice was combined with girls' doll play and was established as hina-matsuri during Edo Period (1603-1867).
Traditionally, girls invited their friends to a home party and had a good time. This festival is commonly celebrated as a school or community activity nowadays, and many people prepare a special meal for girls on this day.
It might be fun to plan a Japanese Girl's Day party for your kids.
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Planning A Birthday Celebration Tips
Birthday Celebrations & Favorite Activities
Planning a birthday celebration Some people focus birthday party ideas around favorite activities. Birthday celebrations and birthday gift ideas might center around golf, with the guests treating the guest of honor to 18 holes. Birthday celebrations--even surprise birthday parties--could center around another favorite sport--bowling. A group of friends looking for ideas for 50th birthday surprise party might consider meeting for a day of the honoree s favorite activity. Activity based celebrations also eliminate any issues of where to host your special celebration.
Birthday Party: Early Guests
Guests are excited about birthday celebrations. Some may arrive quite early, so when planning a birthday celebration, make sure you are dressed and ready 30 minutes before the celebration begins. Even if it means all the snacks may not be out and you're still pondering birthday party decoration ideas. Early arrivals can even help with getting things ready.
Theme Helps Birthday Celebrations
When thinking about surprise birthday invitations consider a theme party. The theme might center around the guest of honor s favorite sport or activity, such as golf, bowling or even basketball or film viewing. Once you choose a theme, invitations, food, decorations and birthday gift ideascan revolve around it. Themes make planning birthday celebrations easier.
Birthday Gift Ideas: Charitable Donation
Some people have difficulty coming up with women’s birthday gift ideas. Birthday ideas are made easier if you consider a donation to the birthday girls’ favorite charity. Sometimes birthday invitations have a charity s name listed in lieu of personal gifts. If it does, you can come to the party donation check in hand. If not, you can learn the charity s name and contact it directly.
Say Happy Birthday to You with a Mini-Quiz
Looking for some sweet 16 birthday party ideas Creat a mini-quiz for party-goers centered on the birthday girl. Ask questions like "How many brothers does she have, where was she born, what's her favorite sport or favorite color". The best game ideas for a teenage birthday party focus on the guest of honor, her likes and dislikes.
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中国传统节日介绍——春节
中国农历年的岁首称为春节。是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，也象征团结、兴旺，对未来寄托新的希望的佳节。据记载，中国人民过春节已有４千多年的历史，它是由虞舜兴起的。公元前两千多年的一天，舜即天子位，带领着部下人员，祭拜天地。从此，人们就把这一天当作岁首，算是正月初一。据说这就是农历新年的由来，后来叫春节。春节过去也叫元旦。春节所在的这一月叫元月。
但是，中国历代元旦的日期并不一致：夏朝用孟春的元月为正月，商朝用腊月（十二月）为正月，秦始皇统一六国后以十月为正月，汉朝初期沿用秦历。汉武帝刘彻感到历纪太乱，就命令大臣公孙卿和司马迁造“太阳历”，规定以农历正月为一岁之首，以正月初一为一年的第一天，就是元旦。此后中国一直沿用夏历（阴历，又称农历）纪年，直到清朝未年，长达２０８０年。
１９１２年孙中山在南京就任中华民国临时大总统时，宣布中国改用世界通用公历，也叫阳历、新历。并决定以公元１９１２年１月１日为民国元年１月１日。一月一日叫新年，但不称元旦。
１９４９年９月２７日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议决定在建立中华人民共和国的同时，采用世界通用的公元纪年。为了区分阳历和阴历两个“年”，又因一年２４节气的“立春”恰在农历年的前后，故把阳历一月一日称为“元旦”，农历正月初一正式改称“春节”。
地球绕太阳一周，历法上叫一年，循环往复，永无止境。但是，人们根据春、夏、秋、冬四季节气的不同，就以夏历正月初一为一年的岁首。每年农历十二月三十日（小月二十九）半夜子时（十二点）过后，春节就算正式来到了。
临近春节，人们采办年货，除夕时，全家团聚在一起吃年夜饭。贴年画、春联；迎接新的一年来临。
随着新中国的建立，春节庆祝活动更为丰富多彩。不仅保留了过去民间习俗，剔除了一些带有封建迷信的活动，而且增加了不少新的内容。使春节具有新的时代气息。１９４９年１２月２３日，中华人民共和国人民政府规定每年春节放假三天。
中国是个多民族的国家，各民族过新年的形式各有不同。汉族、满族和朝鲜族过春节的风俗习惯差不多，全家团圆，人们吃年糕、水饺以及各种丰盛的饭菜、张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。春节期间的庆祝活动极为丰富多样，有舞狮、耍龙的，也有踩高跷、跑旱船的。在有些地区人们沿袭过去祭祖敬神活动，祈求新的一年风调雨顺，平安、丰收。古代的蒙古族，把春节叫做“白节”，正月叫白月，是吉祥如意的意思。藏族是过藏历年。回族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族等，是过“古尔邦节”。春节也是苗族、僮族、瑶族等的盛大节日。
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April Fool's Day
(April 1)
In sixteenth-century France, the start of the new year was observed on April first. It
was celebrated in much the same way as it is today with parties and dancing into the late hours of the night. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, and the new year fell on January first. There were some people, however, who hadn't heard or didn't believe the change in the date, so they continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April first. Others played tricks on them and called them "April fools." They sent them on a "fool's errand" or tried to make them believe that something false was true. In France today, April first is called "Poisson d'Avril." French children fool their friends by taping a paper fish to their friends' backs. When the "young fool" discovers this trick, the prankster yells "Poisson d’Avril!" (April Fish!)
Today Americans play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on the first of April. One common trick on April Fool's Day, or All Fool's Day, is pointing down to a friend's shoe and saying, "Your shoelace is untied." Teachers in the nineteenth century used to say to pupils, "Look! A flock of geese!" and point up. School children might tell a classmate that school has been canceled. Whatever the trick, if the innocent victim falls for the joke the prankster yells, "April Fool! "
The "fools' errands" we play on people are practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar bowl for the next person is not a nice trick to play on a stranger. College students set their clocks an hour behind, so their roommates show up to the wrong class - or not at all. Some practical jokes are kept up the whole day before the victim realizes what day it is. Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone. The most clever April Fool joke is the one where everyone laughs, especially the person upon whom the joke is played.
"The first of April is the day we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year. "
- American humorist Mark Twain
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Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day(情人节) is named for Saint Valentine an early Christian churchman(牧师) who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.
More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient(远古的) Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.
Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine\'s Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some used another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short, "Jane, I love you very much ."Others say more. This one, for example, "Don, roses are red. Violets(紫罗兰) are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, Mary."
Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee(职员) of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine's Day message reach the one you love
Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.
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感恩节的由来
感恩节是美国人的一个重要节日。每年１１月的第四个星期四，美国家庭都要举行丰盛的感恩宴。最常见的传统食品有火鸡、南瓜馅饼和玉米面做的印第安布丁。一些美国人在这一天或举家出游，或探亲访友，尽情享受天伦之乐。感恩节期间，美国城乡都要举行化装游行、戏剧表演和射击、打靶等体育比赛。一些美国家庭、宗教组织及慈善机构还为穷人、孤儿及流浪者们提供免费的火鸡宴，让那些不幸的人们在感恩节里也得到一份人间的温暖。
感恩节起源于马萨诸塞普利茅斯的早期移民。这些移民在英国本土时被称为清教徒，因为他们对英国教会的宗教改革不彻底感到不满，以及英王及英国教会对他们的政治镇压和宗教迫害，所以这些清教徒脱离英国教会，远走荷兰，后来决定迁居到大西洋彼岸那片荒无人烟的土地上，希望能按照自己的意愿信教自由地生活。
１６２０年９月，“五月花号”轮船载着１０２名清教徒及其家属离开英国驶向北美大陆，经过两个多月的艰苦航行，在马萨诸塞的普利茅斯登陆上岸，从此定居下来。第一个冬天，由于食物不足、天气寒冷、传染病肆虐和过度劳累，这批清教徒一下子死去了一半以上。第二年春天，当地印第安部落酋长马萨索德带领心地善良的印第安人，给了清教徒谷物种子，并教他们打猎、种植庄稼、捕鱼等。在印第安人的帮助下，清教徒们当年获得了大丰收。首任总督威廉·布莱德福为此建议设立一个节日，庆祝丰收，感谢上帝的恩赐。同时，还想借此节日加强白人与印第安人的和睦关系。１６２１年１１月下旬的星期四，清教徒们和马萨索德带来的９０名印第安人欢聚一堂，庆祝美国历史上第一个感恩节。男性清教徒外出打猎、捕捉火鸡，女人们则在家里用玉米、南瓜、红薯和果子等做成美味佳肴。就这样，白人和印第安人围着篝火，边吃边聊，还载歌载舞，整个庆祝活动持续了三天。
从此以后，移居美国的欧洲人基本上沿袭了北美大陆上的第一次感恩节庆祝活动的形式。１７８９年，美国第一任总统华盛顿正式规定，１１月２６日为第一个全国统一庆祝的感恩节。但是，在相当长一段时间里，各州都视自己的情况规定节日日期。１９４１年，美国国会经罗斯福总统批准通过一项法案，宣布每年１１月的第四个星期四为全国的感恩节。
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Easter Day
Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the most important feast in the Christian calendar. The churches are filled with worshipers, the altars are decorated with flowers, and the music proclaims the joy of the season.
Easter Sunday falls sometime between March 22 and April 25. It falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon following March 21. The date of Easter Sunday was established by the church council of Nicaea in A.D. 325.
Easter Sunday ends a period of preparation for the feast of Easter. This 40-day period of prayer and fasting, called Lent, begins on Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Saturday, the day before Easter. The week from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday is known as Holy Week. Good Friday marks Christ's crucifixion; and Easter Sunday, his resurrection.
The custom of a sunrise service on Easter Sunday can be traced to ancient spring festivals that celebrated the rising sun. The custom developed further in the Middle Ages, when celebrations at sunrise were also popular. People gathered to pray as the sun appeared and then went in procession to their churches.
The new clothes worn on Easter Sunday are a symbol of new life. The custom comes from the baptism on Easter Sunday of early Christians who were led into church wearing new robes of white linen. The present-day Easter parade has a parallel in the Middle Ages, when people walked about the country-side on Easter, stopping along the way to pray. Nowadays many people walk in Easter parades to show and see new spring clothes, especially hats.
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感恩节
每年11月的第四个星期四(the fourth Thursday in November)是美国的感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。　　
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史(American history)的发端。1620年，著名的"五月花(the Mayflower)"号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒(the pilgrims)102人到达美洲(America)。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民(settlers)只有50多人。这时，心地善良的印第安人(the Indians)给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。　　
在第一个感恩节的第一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。　　最初感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。 1863年，林肯总统(President Lincoln)把感恩节定为法定假日。到1941年， 美国国会(Congress of the United States)通过一项法令，把感恩节定在每年十一月的第四个星期四。　　
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非凡，人们按照习俗前往教堂(church)做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。分开了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团团圆圆，品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。　　感恩节的食品富有传统特色。其中最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡(roast turkey)和南瓜馅饼(pumpkin pie)。烤火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技艺常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什么填料也就很难求得一致。此外，人们在餐桌上还可以吃到苹果(apple)、桔子(orange)、栗子(chestnut)、胡桃(walnut)和葡萄(grape),以及碎肉馅饼(mince pie)、小红莓酱(cranberry sauce)等。　　
感恩节宴会(Thanksgiving dinner)后，人们有时会做些传统游戏，比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑，规则是不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸(West Coast)，还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷(Hawaii)，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。　
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Unit 3 整单元教案
Warm-up
In this unit you will…
Read a magazine article, two Internet pages and a literature extract.
Talk about celebrations, give advice and send, accept and refuse invitations.
Listen to dialogues and radio programmes.
Write a description of a party.
Learn about the Passive.
Warm-up
1 Look at the photos. What are the people celebrating
Key Words
graduation, a birthday, Christmas, passing and exam, a sporting victory, Mid-Autumn Festival, the New Year, a wedding, Halloween, Dragon Boat Festival
Answers: A Dragon Boat Festival B Christmas C a wedding
Some pictures about celebration. Can you guess what are they
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HYPERLINK "http://image./i ct=503316480&z=1149361851&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=中秋节&in=80" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://t4./it/u=2640547708,1585704016&gp=1.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://image./i ct=503316480&z=54213152&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=中秋节&in=226" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://t3./it/u=859370596,4164450918&gp=2.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET
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HYPERLINK "http://image./i ct=503316480&z=252966400&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=2006春节晚会&in=145" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://t3./it/u=2109716223,2467931401&gp=0.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://image./i ct=503316480&z=629407450&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=除夕之夜&in=59" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://t1./it/u=2239697563,1389236288&gp=0.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://images./mmsource/images/2003/10/30/whzl103021.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET
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2 Listen . Which five celebrations do you hear
Answers: 1 Christmas 2 a sporting victory 3 a birthday 4 a wedding 5 the New Year
Tapescripts
1> What a lunch! I love turkey and Christmas pudding. We played with the toy laughed at jokes, put on silly paper hats and laughed again.
2> A: What an exciting game! Our team won at last!
B: Let’s go and have a drink to celebrate.
3> The boy is blowing the candles on the big cake, with everyone saying good wishes.
4> Look! The man is putting a ring on the woman’s finger. How happy they are!
5> …six… five… four… three… two… one… Happy New Year!
Speaking
3 What have you celebrated recently Tell the class what you did.
Example: We had a party at our house to celebrate my grandmother’s seventieth birthday.
4 Writing
根据如下提示写一篇有关中秋节的作文。（字数120左右）
1. 中秋节是中国的传统节日。
2. 中秋节是团圆节，是家人团聚庆祝的节日。
3. 在中秋之夜，人们边吃月饼边赏月。
4. 月饼是中秋美食。（果仁的，豆沙的，大枣的――）
5. 每年一度的中秋节都会牵动着千万游子的心。
Lesson 1 Chinese Seasonal Festival
Teaching aims:
To use pictures to help understand new words
To read a text quickly to find specific information
To practise the Present Simple Passive, Present Continuous Passive, Past Simple Passive, Present Perfect Passive and Past Continuous Passive.
To practise spoken English
Teaching difficulties:
To read a text quickly to find specific information
To practise the Present Simple Passive, Present Continuous Passive, Past Simple Passive, Present Perfect Passive and Past Continuous Passive.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up
T: What’s your favorite season
S:
T: (show some slides about “spring” “summer” “autumn” and “winter” )What festivals happen during your favorite season
S: students will say out different festivals in different seasons.
T: Today we will read three articles about Chinese Seasonal Festival, now guess what festivals they are
S:
T: They are the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Lantern Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. Before reading the text can you introduce these festivals in your own words
S:
T: Ok, I’m glad that your spoken English has improved. You can describe these festivals’ character. Now let’s read the text you will learn more from them.
Ⅱ Reading
Read the text and do the exercise (according to these pictures say out the names of festivals)
T: Are you interested in these festivals
S:
T: Read the text quickly and the following sentences tell me which festival it belongs to
1. On that day, many people try their best to go home to share the feeling of ‘being together’ with families.
2. This festival marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebration.
3. This festival marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.
4. The special food for this festival is sweet dumplings.
5. The festival falls on fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
6. On that day, the moon is said to be biggest and brightest.
Answers: 1. the Mid-Autumn Festival 2. the Lantern Festival 3. the Dragon Boat Festival 4. the Lantern Festival 5. the Dragon Boat Festival 6. the Mid-Autumn Festival
Ⅲ Talking and speaking
Divide the class into three groups. Each group reads one section of the text carefully and writes four or five questions about it. Then give the class three or four minutes to read the whole text again. Students close their books，in turn each group asks its questions for the rest of the class to answer.
Do the exercise 3
Encourage students to describe other festivals they know well but they can’t tell the name of the festival so that other students will be interested to guess what they are.
Ⅳ Voice your opinion
1. Do you think too much money is spent at festival times Why or why not
2. Which festival in China is most important for children Young people Old people Women and men
Ⅴgrammar
Show students the basic passive structure: be +past participate; be +being + participate
Compare a sentence of the active voice with one of the passive voice.
Do the exercise 5, 6, 7 and 8
Ⅵ Vocabulary
Do the exercise 9
Ⅶ Homework
Do the exercise 10
Lesson 2 Parties
Teaching aims:
To practise listening for gist and for specific information
To practise using modals: must, should/shouldn’t, don’t, have to
To revise areas of vocabulary connected with food and drink
Teaching difficulties:
To practise using modals: must, should/shouldn’t, don’t, have to
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up
T: Do you like attending parties
S:
T: ask the following questions to make students interested in the topic
When did you last go to a party
What sort of party was it
How many people were there
What did they wear
What time did it start/ finish
What did people do
Did they enjoy it
S:
T: On talking about the party we think of many words about it. Now look at these words, are you familiar with them
Show the key words to match their Chinese meanings
T: teacher show some pictures to see how much they master these words.
ⅡTalking and writing
Do the exercise 2 students complete the sentences. Check answers by having students read the sentences aloud
Ask students to write a short paragraph beginning “At our parties…”and describe what happens at their own family parties (e.g. birthday, Spring Festival parties). Students can read each other’s papers and discuss the similarities and differences between the parties.
Ⅲ Listening
Do the exercise 3
In life there are always things worth celebrating such as: passing test, retiring, going to study abroad, getting a job with good salary and so on. Now let’s listen to four people’s speech, judge why each person is celebrating
Students listen to the cassette twice and note down why each person is celebrating.
Listen again and try to retell what they said.
Do the exercise 4
When we attend a party we should follow social customs what do you think should we do in parties ( students will give some answers )
In exercise 4 you will get some useful advice. Now read through the advice, trying to complete the sentences and predicting what the answers will be.
We will listen to about advice about how to behave in parties. (Play the cassette for students to check their answers.
Listen the cassette again and do the following exercise
1. When you are invited to a party in the UK , you _________
A. needn’t take anything.
B. do as you are in China
C. can take small gifts, such as a bottle of wine, or chocolates.
D. can’t take flowers except at wedding
2. Which of the following state is not true
A. You should wear a tie at weddings.
B. You’d better not take the car driven by a stranger.
C. You’d better arrive at the party earlier to help the host.
D. Teenagers may drink a little.
Answers: 1. C 2.C
Ⅳ Speaking
Do the exercise 5and 6
Suppose you have a foreign friend who receives an invitation to one of the following celebrations you will give him some advice. For example,
What to wear; What presents to take ; When to arrive
What to say; What not to do; When to leave
Give student some time to prepare the dialogue, have some of the pairs say their dialogue for the class.
Do the exercise 7
Ask students to match the expressions with different situation.
Ⅴ Homework
According to the following request , write a composition.
9/5号（星期天）上午11点，举行一次迎新Barbecue活动，地点是mill‘s river park, 位于north Amherst，大约离学校10分钟车程，或者坐30路校车（在北村下），或31路校车（北村下一站），然后步行5~10分钟就可以到。
Barbecue活动内容：
1. 首选的当然是barbecue，欢迎所有的老生和新生，备有各种原料如烤牛排、火腿 鸡肉和各式调料，
2.有游戏，还有各种球类活动，足球，篮球，网球，飞盘等。
3.最重要的是，届时差不多每个系都有老生到场，可以向新
生传授各种经验，认识很多朋友。
Lesson 3 Weddings
Teaching aims:
To read a text for new information about weddings
To practise using modals: have to/ not have to , can/ can’t , ought to / ought not to
To discuss the customs about wedding in China
Teaching difficulties:
To practise using modals: have to/ not have to , can/ can’t , ought to / ought not to
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up
T：teacher will ask the following questions about weddings to lead into the topic.
Have you ever been to a wedding party
Who was getting married
How many people were there
What time did it start/finish
What did they wear
What did people do
Did you have a wonderful time
Present the vow at the wedding to arouse students’ interest of talking about the weddings and have a deeper understanding about wedding in western countries.
Do you know the meaning of the vow
从今天开始，无论顺境、逆境；无论贫穷还是富有；无论健康还是疾病，都不能将我们分开，直到生命的最后一天。
II. Learning the new words
Do the exercise 2
Present the word matching
Match the new words with the definitions
In order to consolidate new words teachers give pictures again and review the new words.
Ⅲ Reading
Wedding customs are different in different countries. Now we will read two articles : Weddings in Indonesia and Greek weddings，try to remember what to do and what not to do.（give students time to read the text）
Enjoy the pictures about Indonesian Wedding
1. Present a chart showing what to do and what not to do during the wedding
What to do:
I can go without an invitation.
I can attend the reception after the ceremony.
I ought to put money into the box at the entrance of the reception.
What not to do:
You oughtn’t to go to the ceremony without asking first.
You don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
You can’t drink alcohol at the wedding reception.
Indonesian women don’t have to cover their heads.
Enjoy the pictures about Greek Weddings
Ask the students to give information about what happens before, during and after the wedding.
Before the wedding ceremony
The bridegroom has to ask the bride’s father for his daughter’s hand in marriage.
During the wedding ceremony
The best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the couple.
A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.
After the wedding ceremony
The guests can attend a wedding reception.
Guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the bride’s wedding dress for good luck.
The party can last through the night.
Do the exercise3 true or false
Ⅳ Language points
1. even if 即使
Even if you know the secret you should keep silent.
即使你知道这个秘密， 你也应该保持沉默。
2. close family 近亲
close friend亲密的朋友
Sit close against the wall. 紧靠墙坐着（指距离近）
close 势均力敌的；几乎相等的
a close game一场不相上下的比赛
3. contribute (oneself) to sth.
contribution n
make contribution to sth/sb
(1) 捐献、捐赠；捐（钱）
He contributed a lot of food and clothes to the poor.
他为穷人捐了很多的食品和衣服。
(2) 投身于，献身于…
He contributed himself to doing research.
他投身于研究工作。
(3) 投稿，撰稿。
He contributed poem to a newspaper.
他向报社投了一篇诗稿。
(4) 贡献
He made great contribution to the country.
他为国家做出了巨大贡献
He made great contribution to the invention of computer.
他对计算机的发明做出了巨大贡献。
4. …help put crowns made of flowers…
= …help put crowns which are made of flowers… 动词的过去分词可后置定语，也可以转换成被动语态的定语从句
Finally they found the pot buried underground.
=Finally they found the pot which was buried underground.
Ⅴ Grammar
Do the exercise 4
Find out the information of modal verbs in the text
Do the exercise 5
Students match the verbs to their meanings
Do the exercise 6
Ⅵ Vocabulary
Do the exercise 7 and 8
Ⅶ Language in Use
Talk about the wedding customs and school rules in China using the modal verbs.
Do the exercise 9
Discuss our school rules in groups, by using the modals: have to / not have to , can/can’t , should/ shouldn’t.
Ⅷ Homework
Write eight sentences giving advice to a foreigner who is going to a wedding in your town /city.
Lesson 4 Christmas
Objectives
To read a narrative text and understand the story.
To build up an area of vocabulary associated with Christmas.
To develop reading strategies to answer multiple-choice questions.
To practise collocations with have, do and play.
To talk about childhood memories.
Pre-Reading
Find the Key Words in the pictures.
Which of the things do you think western people have at Christmas
Key Words
balloons, Christmas carols, Christmas pudding, Christmas tree, snow, snowmen, Christmas stockings, presents
Reading
☆ Read the text. Which Key Words are mentioned Circle them out. Which other Christmas things are mentioned Make a list.
Answers:
Father Christmas calendar Christmas cards Christmas lights
carol service Christmas tree decorations balloons stockings
presents sweets turkey Christmas pudding paper hats
Queen’s speech Christmas cake
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☆ What’s the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 the beginning of Christmas
Para. 2 decorations outside
Para. 3 activities on Christmas Eve
Para. 4 activities on Christmas morning
Para.5 activities after lunch
Post- Reading
☆ In what order did the children do these things
Example 1 d
a) open the new year calendar
b) put their stockings at the end of the bed
c) sing Christmas carols
d) write a letter to Father Christmas
e) put up the Christmas tree
f) go to church
g) have Christmas cake
Answers: 2 a 3c 4e 5b 6f 7g
☆ Answer the multiple-choice questions.
1 Who do you think reads the children’s letters
a) Father Christmas b) their parents c) nobody
2 What do you think people do in a carol service
a) sing songs b) give presents c) watch a play
3 What happened on Christmas Eve
a) The writer stayed awake all night.
b) Someone put presents in his stocking.
c) The writer saw Father Christmas.
4 Why did they laugh
a) The Christmas carols were happy songs.
b) The songs and hats were funny.
c) The jokes and hats were funny.
5 After lunch:
a) the adults watched the Queen’s speech.
b).the children made a snowman.
c) everybody had more to eat.
Answers: 1b 2a 3b 4c 5c
Vocabulary
☆ In English, some verbs and nouns often go plete the table with these words:
tea, the piano, your homework, a shower, cards, a (snowball) fight, a party, the washing-up, lunch, the shopping
have do play
tea, a shower a (snowball) fight, a party, lunch your homework, the washing-up, the shopping The piano, cards
☆ Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form.
blow up, sing, go to, put up, have(x2), make, put on
On Christmas Eve, my grandparents arrived. We(1) a snowman in the garden and later we (2) the decoration. I (3) lots of balloons. On Christmas morning, I (4) some warm clothes and (5) a snowball fight with my cousins and then we(6) church. After that, we(7) lunch and
(8) Christmas carols.
Answers
1 made 2 put up 3 blew up 4 put on 5 had 6 went to 7 had 8 sang
Writing and Speaking
Make notes about your childhood memories of an important festival.
People: family Good friends
Preparations: decorations Invitations
Presents: what Who for Make/buy
Food: meals Special food/drink
Activities: music Dancing A long walk
Your feelings: happy Sad
Christmas
a birthday
graduation
They are Moomcakes.
Mid-Autumn Festival
ChuXi
They are doing dumplings
Zongzi
Dragon Boat Festival
They are celebrating
Spring Festival
Dragon Boat Festival
Halloween
They are playing
the firecracker.
Spring Festival
This is Qian shou guan yin
Spring Festival
wedding in the
Northeast of China
The bride and the groom
The car used
on Wedding
candle
carol service
Father Christmas
Christmas tree
turkey
decorations
snowman
presents
Christmas stockings
sweets
Christmas cake
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Good Friday 受难节
Good Friday commemorates Jesus' crucifixion
The most important events in Christianity are the death and later resurrection of Jesus Christ, the Jewish prophet whose teachings are the foundation of the faith.
Good Friday is the Friday before Easter. It commemorates the execution of Jesus by crucifixion.
Good Friday is a day of mourning in church. During special Good Friday services Christians meditate on Jesus's suffering and death on the cross, and what this means for their faith.
In some countries, there are special Good Friday processions, or re-enactments of the Crucifixion.
The main service on Good Friday takes place between midday and 3pm. In many churches it takes the form of a meditation based on the seven last words of Jesus on the cross, with hymns, prayers, and short sermons.
The seven last words from the cross The Bible quotes seven last sentences that Jesus spoke from the Cross
"Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing."
(Luke 23:34)
"Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise."
(Luke 23: 43)
"Woman, here is your son….Here is your mother"
John 19:26)
"Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani "
(My God, My God, why have you forsaken me ) (Mark 15:34)
"I am thirsty"
(John 19:28)
"It is finished"
(John 19:30)
"Father, into your hands I commend my spirit"
(Luke 23:46)
The seven last words have inspired a number of composers, including Schutz, Haydn, Dubois, and James MacMillan.
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Celebration Gifts
Personalised Wine & Champagne
Wine and champagne with a personalised label is an effective present, which everyone loves to receive. But the reason for these gifts can soon be forgotten. With a personalised label incorporating your name and message, you will not only have a wonderful gift, but one you will be remembered by.
The uniqueness this personalised label service offers could be the one gift to stand out from the 'crate', as well as being a welcomed gift. We are also able to create a unique label for your company or promotion, where each bottle can be ge generic or personalised. Our Corporate Promotions site has details on these matters along with packaging enabling you to create a special gift.
Our uniquely designed labels, covering all occasions, can be personalised to suit your requirements. Our Online Store will enlighten you further to the range of celebrations covered. However, should you think of an occasion, which we have not considered, we will be only too happy to create a label for it.
If you are unable to locate a label to suit your requirements, or are specifically interested in a special personalised label for someone or organisation, then please fill out the Label Request Form ( http: / / www.celebration- / label-form.php" \t "_blank ) with your details
A personalised bottle of wine is the perfect gift for every occasion!
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日本的节日
日本的新年
“正月”在日语中是新年的意思，是日本人一年中最重要的节日之一。日本过新年的风俗习惯全国都差不多一样。例如，元旦的早晨要喝“屠苏酒”，吃专门为新年而作的菜：青鱼子、黑豆、用酱油和糖煮的小干鱼等，寓意子孙繁盛，身体健康。早餐还要吃“杂煮”（年糕汤）。新年期间各户门前摆挂上松枝和竹枝，叫“门松”，有吉祥之意。新年头三天叫“三贺日”，人们彼此拜年。除夕夜人们有守岁的习惯，尤其在午夜时去神社聆听除夕钟声，这时的神社人山人海，常达数万人之众。初一去参拜神社叫“初诣”,是庆祝新年必有的节目。进入12月人们要互寄贺年片、有奖明信片，邮局为此专辟邮道。据说大年初一翻阅纷沓而至的贺年片是日本人独有的一种新年喜悦。
盂兰盆节
除了新年之外，日本最重要的节日是八月中旬的盂兰盆节，这期间大多数日本人要归乡扫墓，交通运输的紧张状态颇似中国春节前后的情景。连接东京和各城市的主要高速公路经常堵车距离长达十几公里甚至几十公里。在这段期间里，各地举行许多活动，如跳盂兰盆舞，放烟火等。
女孩节
三月三日是女孩节（桃花节），有女孩的家庭要设置一个架子，一层层地供奉上象征古代帝王贵族的玩偶人，祝愿女孩顺利成长与吉祥。
儿童节
五月五日是儿童节（男孩节），凡有男孩的家庭都在室外用竹竿挂起鲤鱼帜，家里有几个男孩就挂几个鲤鱼帜。
乞巧节
七月七日是乞巧节，据传说古代一对相爱的男女被天河分开，只有这一天才能相聚。七夕时，人们在彩纸带上写些祈求的话，挂在竹枝上，祈望自己的愿望能实现。
七五三节
十一月十五日是“七五三节”，即女孩三岁或七岁，男孩五岁时，这一天由家人带到神社或寺院祈求在神的保护下健康成长。除以上这些全国性的节日外，日本各地还有无数的地方性节日，有些较大的节日常吸引成千上万的外地游客前往观赏。
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The Moon Festival
The Moon Festival, also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival or the Lantern Festival, takes place each year on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. This is the date of the Autumn Equinox, when the moon is at its farthest point from the earth and hence appears bright and completely round.
Traditionally the Moon Festival marks the end of the summer harvest. To the farmers of China, the festival is a celebration of thankfulness for heaven's bounty. It has been celebrated by the Chinese people since at least the first century.
Various legends are associated with moon viewing. One of the most popular concerns Chang-0, the wife of Hou-I, the Divine Archer. The legend tells of Hou-I who, having shot down nine out of ten suns that were causing havoc on earth, was rewarded by the goddess Xiwangmu with the herb of immortality. However, the beautiful and vain Chang-0 Found and ate the herb herself. Realizing that her husband would be angry, she fled to the moon where she coughed up the herb that turned into the Jade Rabbit, another mythical figure associated with immortality.
Today, children look for Chang-O and the Jade Rabbit in the shadows visible on the moon's surface. On the night of the Festival they carry paper lanterns in the shape of rabbits, phoenixes, fish and other auspicious animals. The Moon Festival is a time of gathering for family and friends, and moon cakes filled with ground lotus and sesame seeds are given as gifts.
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Unit 3 (整单元课件）
高 一 (1)
北 师 大 版
Warm-up
In this unit you will…
Read a magazine article, two Internet pages and a literature extract.
Talk about celebrations, give advice and send, accept and refuse invitations.
Listen to dialogues and radio programmes.
Write a description of a party.
Learn about the Passive.
Warm-up
1. Look at the photos. What are the people celebrating
Key Words
graduation, a birthday, Christmas, passing and exam, a sporting victory, Mid-Autumn Festival, the New Year, a wedding, Halloween, Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival
Christmas
a wedding
Some pictures about celebration. Can you guess what are they
graduation
a birthday
Christmas
ChuXi
They are doing dumplings.
They are moon cakes.
Mid-Autumn Festival
Dragon Boat Festival
Zongzi
Dragon Boat Festival
They are celebrating Spring Festival.
They are playing
the firecracker.
Spring Festival
Halloween
The bride and the groom
wedding in the Northeast of China
The car used on Wedding
2. Listen. Which five celebrations do you hear
Answers:
1 Christmas 2 a sporting victory
3 a birthday 4 a wedding
5 the New Year
1> What a lunch! I love turkey and Christmas pudding. We played with the toy laughed at jokes, put on silly paper hats and laughed again.
Tapescripts:
2> A: What an exciting game! Our team won at last!
B: Let’s go and have a drink to celebrate.
3> The boy is blowing the candles on the big cake, with everyone saying good wishes.
4> Look! The man is putting a ring on the woman’s finger. How happy they are!
5> …six… five… four… three… two… one… Happy New Year!
3. What have you celebrated recently
Tell the class what you did.
Example: We had a party at our house to celebrate my grandmother’s seventieth birthday.
Speaking
4 .Writing
根据如下提示写一篇有关中秋节的作文。（字数120左右）
1.中秋节是中国的传统节日。
2.中秋节是团圆节，是家人团聚庆祝的节日。
3.在中秋之夜，人们边吃月饼边赏月。
4.月饼是中秋美食。（果仁的，豆沙的，大枣的――）
5.每年一度的中秋节都会牵动着千万游子的心。
Lesson 1
Chinese Seasonal Festivals
What’s your favorite season
What festivals happen during your favorite season
What seasonal festivals fall in it
Spring
Women’s Day
Qingming Festival
May Day
Summer
What festivals happen during your favorite season
Dragon Boat Festival
the Children’s Day
the birthday of the Party
the birthday of the army
Autumn
the Teacher’s Day
the National Day
the Mid-Autumn Day
Winter
What seasonal festivals fall in it
the New Year’s Day
Spring Festival
The Lantern Festival
Look at the following pictures and guess what festivals they are
The Dragon Boat Festival was celebrated to honor Qu Yuan at first, Now it becomes a custom.
The Dragon Boat Festival
the Mid-Autumn Festival
the Lantern Festival
Read the text quickly
Are you interested in these festivals
and the following sentences tell me which festival it belongs to
On that day, many people try
their best to go home to share
the feeling of “being together”
with families.
the Mid-Autumn Festival
2. This festival marks the end of
the Chinese New Year
celebration.
3. This festival marks the beginning
of the hottest season of the year.
the Lantern Festival
the Dragon Boat Festival
4. The special food for this festival
is sweet dumplings.
5. The festival falls on fifth day of
the fifth month of the lunar
calendar.
the Lantern Festival
the Dragon Boat Festival
6. On that day, the moon is said to
be biggest and brightest.
the Mid-Autumn Festival
Read the texts again and fill in the table with the information you read from the texts. Add another typical festival that you know well. Then work in pairs and tell each other about the different festivals.
Festivals
Season& date/ month
Typical
activity or food
Special meaning
Mid- Autumn Festival
Moon cakes
Meet in the evening and watch the moon
Septembr or
October
A special occasion for family reunion
The Lantern Festival
The fifteenth of the first month of the lunar calendar
Sweet
dumplings
Mark the end of the Chinese New Year celebration
The Dragon Boat Festival
The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar
Zongzi
Dragon boat races
Mark the beginning of the hottest season of the year
Do you think too much money is spent at festival times Why or why not
2. Which festival in China is most
important for children Young
people Old people Women
and men
Voice opinion
Look at the first sentence in each group and complete the second sentence with the correct verb forms.
…the Mid-Autumn Festival is
celebrated by Chinese people all
over the world.
Traditional moon cakes ________
(make) with bean paste.
are made
2. In one story, lanterns were lit to
celebrate the power of light over
darkness.
In the old days, dragon boat
races _____ only ________
( organise ) by Chinese people.
were
organised
Look at the given sentences and work out the correct verb forms of the other sentences.
A school for the blind has been opened in the area.
The wedding celebration ________
________ (arrange).
has been
arranged
2. The theatre is being built in the
centre of the city.
The money ______________ (collect)
for the disabled.
3. The girl was being operated on in
the hospital.
The house ________________ (paint)
white when I was there.
is being colleted
was being painted
Put the verbs in brackets into the Passive. Use the Present Simple or Past Simple tense.
Every year in April, the Water Festival (1) ____________ (celebrate) among the Dai people in Xishuang banna.
is celebrated
During this festival, water (2) _________ (splash) everywhere to wash away the old and welcome the new. Buckets of water (3) __________ (carry) around the streets and people attack each other by splashing anyone and everyone.
is splashed
are carried
Tourists (4) ________ (tell) that they are welcome to join in but they cannot splash citizens, small children and police on duty!
The festival marks the Dai New Year and (5) ________ (relate) to Buddhist traditions. Over three days, Buddha
are told
is related
statues (6) _________ (wash), dragon boats (7) ________ (race) and rockets
(8) ___________ (launch) in celebration.
are washed
are raced
are launched
In pairs, change the following sentences into the Passive. Pay attention to the tense.
1. Stress is affecting my health.
My health is being affected by stress.
2. They are moving people out of he
houses.
3. He has already invented the
mini-helicopter.
People are being moved out of the houses.
The mini-helicopter has already been invented by him.
4. They have put out the forest fire.
5. He was repairing the car when I
got there.
The forest fire has been put out by them.
The car was being repaired when I got there.
6. They were decorating the house
when the accident happened.
The house was being decorated when the accident happened.
Choose the words below and complete the sentences.
The room _____ by dozens of
candle.
is lit
burn down, celebrate, mark, light,
decorate, include, boil, take part in
2. Tom ____________ his room
with some photos of sports stars.
has decorated
A firework display was
organised to______ the Queen’s
birthday.
mark
4. The party is for students to
_______ their graduation with
family and friends.
5. I ___________ in the soccer
team when the best player
broke his leg.
celebrate
was included
6. The school _____________ by a
mad man. Only two classrooms
still stand.
7. Would you like to __________ the
race tomorrow You have to run
10 km.
8. The water must ________ to make
sure it is clean and safe to drink.
was burnt down
take part in
be boiled
homework
Do the exercise 10
Lesson 2 Parties
When did you last go to a party
What sort of party was it
How many people were there
What did they wear
What time did it start/ finish
What did people do
Did they enjoy it
alcohol 好友
reception 接待
close friends 小吃
snacks 酒精
Key words:
At party we often use these words
present 聚餐
barbecue 软饮料
sit-down meal 演讲
soft drinks 礼物
speech 吃烧烤肉
的野餐
snacks
小食、零食
barbecue
烧烤
alcohol
烈酒
soft drinks
软性饮料
Complete the following sentences with suitable words:
We only invited family and ____________ to my father’s birthday party. My father made a really funny ______ about life starting at sixty-five, and he thanked everyone for bring him a ________.
close friends
speech
present
3. At the wedding ___________,
we had a _______________ in
a big restaurant --- there
were about twenty people at
each table.
2. In the summer, we love having
a __________ in the garden
with friends.
barbecue
reception
sit-down meal
4. At our parties, there isn’t any ________ to drink, only __________ and there are lots of ________ like biscuits and sandwiches to eat.
alcohol
soft drinks
snacks
Listening Strategies:
Understanding the general idea
Don’t worry if you can’t understand everything.
Listen to learn
Listen more than once, if possible.
Try to link key words to topics.
Listen for important words and phrases. (e.g. failed twice, interview)
Listen and decide why each person is celebrating:
1.
2.
3.
4.
passing his / her driving test
retiring
going to study abroad
getting a job with good salary
Listen to the cassette again and do the exercise
When you are invited to a
party in the UK , you _______
A. needn’t take anything.
B. do as you are in China
C. can take small gifts, such
as a bottle of wine, or
chocolates.
D. can’t take flowers except at
wedding
2. Which of the following state is not
true
A. You should wear a tie at
weddings.
B. You’d better not take the car
driven by a stranger.
C. You’d better arrive at the party
earlier to help the host.
D. Teenagers may drink a little.
Try to complete the sentences about what you should and shouldn’t do at parties in Britain. Then listen and check your answers.
don’t have to, should (x 2),
shouldn’t (x 3), must
If it’s very formal, you________
dress smartly.
should
Giving advice
2. Nowadays you ____________ be
too formal.
3. You _________ arrive late to a
dinner party.
don’t have to
shouldn’t
4. You _______ take something with
you.
5. You _________ drink too much at
parties.
6. And you _________ accept a lift
home from a person you don’t
know.
7. You ______ be careful.
should
shouldn’t
shouldn’t
must
Use the phrases from the Function File to prepare some advice for a foreign visitor who is invited to a celebration in China.
a birthday party
a local or national festival
a wedding
What to wear
What presents to take
When to arrive
What to say
What not to do
When to leave
Match the expressions in the Function File with the situations:
someone has
passed his/her
exam(s)
2.Congratulations! You worked hard for it/them.
b) some friends
have had
a baby
1.That’s really great
news! What are
they going to call
her
c) someone won
the match
4. Well done! You
played beautifully!
d) it’s someone’s
birthday
3. Happy Birthday!
Have a lovely day!
e) someone has
won a
competition
6. That’s brilliant!
You lucky thing!
f) someone is going
to get married
5. Wow! that’s
brilliant! When’s
the big day
Homework:
According to the following request , write a composition.
9/5号（星期天）上午11点，举行一次迎新Barbecue活动，地点是mill’s river park, 位于 north Amherst，大约离学校10分钟车程，或者坐30路校车（在北村下），或31路校车（北村下一站），然后步行5～10分钟就可以到。
Barbecue活动内容： 1. 首选的当然是barbecue，欢迎所
有的老生和新生，备有各种原料
如烤牛 排、火腿 鸡肉和各式调
料。
2.有游戏，还有各种球类活动，足
球 ,篮球，网球，飞盘等。
3.最重要的是，届时差不多每个系都
有老生到场,可以向新生传授各种经
验，认识很多朋友，。
Thank you
Lesson 3 Weddings
Lesson 3 Weddings
Have you ever been to a wedding party
Who was getting married
How many people were there
What time did it start/finish
What did they wear
What did people do
Did you have a wonderful time
in church
"To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part".
Weddings…
从今天开始, 无论顺境、逆境;无论贫穷还是富有;无论健康还是疾病,都不能将我们分开,直到生命的最后一天。
bride
bridegroom
best man
Guess and match
f) a man who is about to get married or has just got married
a) a friend of the groom who helps him during the wedding ceremony
d) a woman who is about to get married or has just got married
b) a party to celebrate the marriage ceremony of two people
e) an important social or religious occasion
c) a door or gate that you go through to enter a place
ceremony
entrance
wedding reception
bride
best man
bridegroom
invitation
wedding
ceremony
entrance
crown
wedding reception
Read the text and try to remember what to do and what not to do.
Indonesian wedding
I can go without an invitation.
I can attend the reception after the ceremony.
I ought to put money into the box at the entrance of the reception.
What to do:
you oughtn’t to go to the ceremony without asking first.
you don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
you can’t drink alcohol at the wedding reception.
Indonesian women don’t have to cover their heads.
What not to do:
Greek wedding
before the wedding ceremony
The bridegroom has to ask the bride’s father for his daughter’s hand in marriage.
during the wedding ceremony
The best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the couple.
A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.
after the wedding ceremony
The guests can attend a wedding reception.
Guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the bride’s dress for good luck.
The party can last through the night.
1. Indonesian families only invite people they have known for a long time.
2. The reception is before the wedding.
3. Guests usually give money as a present.
True or false
T
F
F
4. In Greek culture , the bridegroom has to ask for the bride’s hand in marriage.
5. The bride and bridegroom’s wedding crowns are made of gold.
6. A piece of ribbon links the wedding crowns together.
T
F
T
Language points
1. even if 即使
Even if you know the secret you should keep silent. 即使你知道这个秘密, 你也应该保持沉默。
2. close family近亲
close friend亲密的朋友
Sit close against the wall. 紧靠墙坐着(指距离近)
close势均力敌的;几乎相等的
a close game一场不相上下的比赛。
3. contribute (oneself) to sth.
contribution n
make contribution to sth/sb
捐献、捐赠；捐(钱)
He contributed a lot of food and clothes to the poor.他为穷人捐了很多的食品和衣服。
(2) 献身于…
He contributed himself to doing research. 他投身于研究工作。
(3) 投稿, 撰稿。
He contributed poem to a newspaper.他向报社投了一篇诗稿。
(4) 贡献
He made great contribution to the country. 他为国家做出了巨大贡献。
He made great contribution to the invention of computer. 他对计算机的发明做出了巨大贡献。
4. …help put crowns made of flowers…
= …help put crowns which are made of flowers… 动词的过去分词可后置定语,也可以转换成被动语态的定语从句。
Finally they found the pot buried underground.
= Finally they found the pot which was buried underground.
1. have to
2. don’t have to
3. can
4. can’t
5. ought
6. ought not to
not necessary
necessary
not allowed/not possible
allowed/possible
not advisable
advisable
match the words to their meanings
Complete the passage below with the following words: have to, don’t have to, can’t, can, ought to, ought not to
Weddings are happy occasions but when my sister got married last year, my mum and sister did not agree on anything. First It was the dress. My mum said, “Lisa, you ______ wear a white dress,” and my sister replied, “I ____________ wear white. I ____wear pink if I like.”
have to
don’t have to
can
Next it was the invitations. My mum
Said, “ Lisa, you really _______ invite Sally,” and my sister replied, “I ___________ Invite her---we have too many people already.” Then it was the flowers. My mum said, “you ____ have
Complete the passage below with the following words: have to, don’t have to, can’t, can, ought to, ought not to
ought to
don’t have to
can’t
lilies. I’ve heard that they’re bad luck,”
and my sister replied, “of course I ___
have lilies! I don’t believe they’re unlucky!” and then it was the cake!“ You really _______ have a fruit cake, Lisa,” said my mum, but Lisa wanted chocolate.
Complete the passage below with the following words: have to, don’t have to, can’t, can, ought to, ought not to
can
ought to
Finally, I told them that they really ___________ argue so much because it makes me hate weddings for life!
ought not to
Complete the passage below with the following words: have to, don’t have to, can’t, can, ought to, ought not to
Vocabulary: word building
You can often make nouns from verbs by adding the suffixes “ –tion” and “-ance”. However, spellings may change somewhat. Make nouns from these verbs by competing the table.
Verbs
invite
receive
attend
enter
contribute
Nouns
invitation
reception
attendance
entrance
contribution
1. Have you been to ______Ben’s party Yes, I received an ________ to his party today.
2. Jeremy, you didn’t ______ class this morning. __________ is necessary if you want to pass!
Use the verbs and nouns above to complete the sentences below.
invited
invitation
attend
Attendance
4. We had a lovely wedding _________. We ____________ so many beautiful presents!
5. You ought to _________ money. But your ___________ doesn’t need to be big.
reception
have received
contribute
contribution
3. The room has a secret ________ you can only _____ if you know where it is.
entrance
enter
What happens at wedding in your town/city Use modal verbs and expressions from the lesson to write about some of these things.
clothes, reception, ceremony, flowers, presents, songs, food, speeches
Discuss our school rules in groups, by using the modals: have to / not have to, can/can’t , should/ shouldn’t.
For example:
Presenter: Can you tell us our school rules
A: Yes you can’t dye your hair colorful.
B: …….
C: …….
Homework
Write eight sentences giving advice to a foreigner who is going to a wedding in your town /city.
Lesson 4 Christmas
Objectives
To read a narrative text and understand the story.
To build up an area of vocabulary associated with Christmas.
To develop reading strategies to answer multiple-choice questions.
To practise collocations with have, do and play.
To talk about childhood memories.
Find the Key Words in the pictures.
Which of the things do you think western people have at Christmas
Pre-Reading
Key Words
balloons, Christmas carols, Christmas pudding, Christmas tree, snow, snowmen, Christmas stockings, presents
Reading
☆ Read the text. Which Key Words are mentioned Circle them out. Which other Christmas things are mentioned Make a list.
Answers:
Father Christmas calendar Christmas cards Christmas lights carol service Christmas tree decorations balloons stockings
presents sweets turkey Christmas pudding paper hats
Queen’s speech Christmas cake
Christmas tree
Father
Christmas
carol service
candle
snowman
presents
decorations
turkey
Christmas
cake
sweets
Christmas stockings
☆ What’s the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para.5
the beginning of Christmas
decorations outside
activities on Christmas Eve
activities on Christmas morning
activities after lunch
Post- Reading
☆ In what order did the children do these things
Example 1 d
open the new year calendar
b) put their stockings at the end of the bed
2
5
c) sing Christmas carols
d) write a letter to Father Christmas
e)put up the Christmas tree
f) go to church
g) have Christmas cake
3
4
6
7
1
☆ Answer the multiple-choice questions.
1.Who do you think reads the children’s letters
a) Father Christmas b) their parents
c) nobody
2. What do you think people do in a carol service
sing songs b) give presents
c) watch a play
3. What happened on Christmas Eve
a) The writer stayed awake all night.
b) Someone put presents in his stocking.
c) The writer saw Father Christmas.
4. Why did they laugh
a) The Christmas carols were happy songs.
b) The songs and hats were funny.
c) The jokes and hats were funny.
5. After lunch:
a) the adults watched the Queen’s speech.
b) the children made a snowman.
c) everybody had more to eat.
In English, some verbs and nouns often go plete the table with these words:
tea, the piano, your homework, a shower, cards, a (snowball) fight, a party, the washing-up, lunch, the shopping
Vocabulary
have do play
tea,
a shower
a (snowball) fight,
a party, lunch
your homework,
the washing-up,
the shopping
The piano,
cards
☆ Complete the sentences with these
verbs in the correct form.
blow up, sing, go to, put up, have(x2), make, put on
On Christmas Eve, my grandparents arrived. We(1) a snowman in the
made
garden and later we (2) the
decoration. I (3) lots of
balloons. On Christmas morning, I
(4) some warm clothes and
(5) a snowball fight with my cousins and then we(6) church.
put up
blew up
put on
had
went to
After that, we(7) lunch and
(8) Christmas carols.
had
sang
Writing and Speaking
Make notes about your childhood memories of an important festival.
People: family Good friends
Preparations: decorations
Invitations
Presents: what Who for Make/buy
Food: meals Special food/drink
Activities: music Dancing A long walk
Your feelings: happy Sad
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New Year\'s Day
Like many people all over the world, Americans enjoy celebrating the arrival of each new year. Almost everyone makes an occasion of New Year\'s Eve in order to see the old year out and welcome the new one. In New York, a favorite gathering place on December 31 is New York City\'s Times Square. Thousands of Americans and international tourists crowd this famous spot (at the intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue) and crane their necks to watch for "Happy New Year" to flash across the electronically controlled sign that moves around. When the moment arrives bedlam breaks forth. Bells ring, whistles blow, people cheer with their happy excitement. 　　
The cheerful scene goes one after another in public squares throughout the country, but not at the same moment. Because of the four time zones in the United States the New Year comes to the Central States one hour later, to the Mountain States two hours later, and finally to the Western States three hours after the Eastern States have said goodbye to another year. So by following the radio and television broadcasts everyone can enjoy the festivities in other parts of the country as well as their own.
　　Some people prefer to see the old year out at a church service. Although the holiday does not have religious origin, many churches hold "Watch Night" services on New Year\' s Eve. Those who go to churches can solemnly renew their dedication to God for the coming year.
　　The custom of visiting friends, relatives and neighbors is one of the popular activities on New Year\' s Day. This activity is called Open House. The custom of Open House was inaugurated by George Washington during his first term as President. On January 1, 1789, President Washington first opened the doors of his official residence to all who wished to come. An Open House is just what the name implies: the front door is left open. Inside the door there is a spirit of relaxed cordiality, and guests are free to arrive and leave when they like. Invitations may say simply, "Drop in after the game" or "Come drink a New Year\' s toast with us". On January 1, now, families hold "Open House" so that their friends can visit them throughout the day to express good wishes for the new year.
　　 Many championship football games are scheduled for New Year’s Day, and there is usually an elaborate parade before each football game. Often, much of the day is spent watching these games on television
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俄罗斯节日
俄罗斯的传统节日主要包括新年和四季节日（送冬节、桦树节、丰收节和迎冬节）。除此以外，由于东正教长期作为俄罗斯的国教，影响深远，不少宗教节日已经成为俄罗斯人传统生活不可缺少的部分。
　　新年（元旦）：俄罗斯的新年曾经定在每年初春时分的3月1日，届时举行隆重的祭祀太阳的仪式。15世纪末又受拜占庭的影响把节期改到9月1日。直到1699年，彼得大帝才依照西欧各国的传统习惯，把每年的1月1日定为新年。　　1669年除夕午夜，彼得大帝在红场上点燃了第一枚礼花，并命令莫斯科居民用松、柏、枞等常青树装房屋，以示吉祥。于是后来枞树成为圣诞节和新年的主要标志。由于节期相近，东正教把新年和圣诞节连在一起庆祝。新年的庆祝活动中少不了严寒老人（圣诞老人）和雪姑娘，他们向人们赠送礼物，祝贺新年。　　1930年，苏联政府将新年正式定为全国性节日。新年时，各个公共场所都披上了节日的盛装，在城市的大广场上耸立着高大、漂亮的新年枞树，家家户户的客厅里也摆着挂着各种小礼物的枞树，塔形的枞树象征生命常青。在新旧交替的午夜12点钟，克里姆林宫巴斯克塔上的大自鸣钟传出洪亮的钟声，收音机和电视将钟声传遍全国。举国欢庆，人们打开香槟，互相祝贺新年。　　公历1月14日是俄历元旦，俄罗斯人照例又要庆祝一番，尤其在农村。
　　送冬节（谢肉节）：新年后第二个最热闹的节日是送冬节。送冬节是四季节日之一，节期约在2月末、3月初，为时一周。　　送冬节的前身是古斯拉夫人的春耕节。人们认为冬去春来是春神雅利洛战胜严寒和黑夜的结果，因此每年2月底3月初都要举行隆重的送冬迎春仪式。人们用烤成金黄色圆形小薄饼祭祀太阳，晚上则燃起篝火，烧掉用稻草扎成的寒冬女王像。人们以此欢庆经过漫长的严冬，明亮的太阳又开始为大地送来温暖。　　节日期间吃黑麦烤制的犁形、耙形大面包。第一天播种时，人们带着面包、盐和鸡蛋下地，当牛马犁出三条垄沟时，人们吃掉一部分面包和盐，其余的喂牛马。又把鸡蛋埋入土中，表示祭祀大地，祈求保佑。
　　东正教传入俄罗斯后，无力取消这一异教的民间节日，只好把春耕节改称谢肉节，节期安排在春季大斋前一周。教会把这一周称为无肉周或干酪周，因为在这一周里人们仍然可以吃荤食或乳制品，这一周过后，进入大斋期，人们将不得吃肉食和乳制品，故称谢肉节，意为大斋之前向肉食告别。谢肉节持续7天，每天各有其名，庆祝方式不尽相同。星期一为迎春节。家家户户煎制圆薄饼，作为节日的必备食品，吃时佐以鱼子、酸牛奶等。星期二为始欢节。人们邀请亲朋好友家的未婚姑娘和小伙子们一起娱乐，为他们牵线搭桥，提供挑选意中人的机会。星期三为宴请日。岳母宴请女婿。星期四为狂欢日。庆祝活动达到高潮。人们在大街上举行各种狂欢活动，开怀吃喝，尽情欢乐。星期五为新姑爷上门日。新女婿宴请岳母及其家人吃薄饼。星期六为欢送日。人们载歌载舞把象征寒冬女神的草人用雪橇送往村外烧毁,在这一天新媳妇要拜访丈夫的姐妹。星期日为宽恕日。人们走亲访友，拜访邻里，请求他人原谅自己的过错。60年代末，苏联政府将这个节日改为送冬节，又叫俄罗斯之冬狂欢节。节日的古老习俗和宗教意义都淡化了。但这个节日仍然是俄罗斯人的重要节日，象征太阳的圆薄饼依然是节日的必备食品，节日期间跳的圆圈舞依然是俄罗斯最主要的民间舞蹈形式。节日里，各地还举行化装游行，彩车上载着人们装扮的寒冬女神、俄罗斯三勇士等神话中的人物，人们载歌载舞送别寒冷的冬天，迎接温暖的春天。桦 树 节：四季节日的第二个节日是桦树节，节期在俄历每年6月24日。桦树节源自古代的夏至节。夏至节本在6月22日，这一天太阳在空中达到最高点，此节日带有太阳崇拜的色彩。在农村，此时夏季来临不久，农民辛劳一春，稍得清闲，因此要欢庆一番。　　民间的庆祝活动体现了水火崇拜。人们身着节日盛装，头戴花环，围着篝火唱歌跳舞。有人从篝火上跳过，或烧掉旧衣服，以消灾辟邪，强身祛病。人们还把桦树枝与祭品一起投入湖中，祈求神灵保佑丰收。少女们将点燃的蜡烛放在花冠上，放进河水中，谁的蜡烛燃得最久，谁就被认为是将来最幸福的人，她们还按照花环漂动的方向占卜自己的婚事。古代，俄罗斯过夏至节时还要到森林中寻找两株距离很近的小白桦树作祭祀用。有的地方则用花环、彩带装饰一株小白桦的风俗。　　后来东正教把夏至节与圣三主日结合在一起，将时间改在6月24日，因为东正教在这一天纪念施礼约翰诞辰。节日期间教堂用桦树枝装饰起来，教徒们也手持桦树枝来做礼拜。民间还把这一天看作是悼亡节，都要去上坟。
　　夏至期间正是草木繁盛、气候宜人的季节,人们都在户外举行欢庆活动，特别是青年人，因此到了苏维埃时期夏至节变成了苏联青年节。这一天欢庆又离不开桦树，于是从1964年起又被称作桦树节，或者"俄罗斯小白桦节"。白桦树成为俄罗斯民族的象征是有其历史渊源的。11-15世纪许多古罗斯文献就是刻写在桦树皮上的。不少俄罗斯作家都怀着深厚的感情描写过白桦树，在俄罗斯人看来，桦树是那么秀美，挺拔。桦树节的时候，家家户户都用桦树枝、矢车菊、铃铛装饰房间。节日里还要举行联欢会，女主持人被称作"小白桦"，还有化装游行，游行队伍簇拥着桦树，真是处处有白桦树。丰 收 节：丰收节是"四季节日"中的第三个节日，在前苏联被称作农业工作者日。农民对这个节日非常重视，特意在田里留下一束小麦，在它面前摆上面包、奶酪和盐，拜祭大地，感谢其赐予的恩惠。　　迎 冬 节：迎冬节是"四季节日"中的最后一个。具体日期根据各地冬天来临的时间而定。节日的中心人物是"冬妈妈"，人们以面包和盐向她表示敬意。
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History of the Christmas Celebration
While Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ, many of the symbols and rituals associated with the holiday go back far beyond this important event. To learn more about the eariler origins of the holiday click here to read about Yule Celebrations.
The practice of celebrating December 25th as the day of birth of the Christ child originated with the Roman Catholics. Gradually, many non-Catholic Christians joined in as well.
Christmas is a relatively new celebration, especially in the United States. In wasn't until the first half of the 19th century that American Sunday schools began to host Christmas festivities for their students to learn about the birth of Jesus. In 1836, Alabama was the first state to grant legal recognition to Christmas, but is wasn't until 1893 that all the states and territories recognized the holiday.
While Europe had already been celebrating Christmas for some time, the first recorded sighting of a Christmas tree in America came in 1830's Pennsylvania. It seems a local church erected the tree as a fundraising effort. At the time, Christmas trees were generally not thought kindly of, as many people saw them as Pagan symbols, which is in fact, their origin. By the 1890's however, Christmas ornaments were being imported from Germany and Christmas trees were in high fashion.
It is interesting to note that while Europeans generally favored smaller trees of about three to four feet in height, Americans, as usual, liked to do things big. Their trees proudly stretched from floor to ceiling.
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1 Christopher Columbus' father was a businessman, a weaver. His mother's family were also weavers. Maybe they hoped that one day Christopher would go into the weaving business too, but Christopher had ideas of his own. Growing up in the seaport city of Genoa, Italy, he had watched ships coming and going all the time, and he began to dream of sailing out on a great adventure of his own.
2 Lots of people dream of adventures when they are children, but Christopher didn't just dream, he did something about it. He worked hard to get what he wanted. One thing that he did early in his life was to get a good education. He didn't go to school for long, but he continued his education on his own to be sure that he learned the things that he would need to know. He taught himself Latin and Spanish, so that he could communicate with people from different places. When he was 14 years old, he signed on as a deckhand on sailing ships to learn all about sailing.
3 At that time, many ships were sailing off on adventures. Some of them sailed east, around Africa to reach what they called the Indies, which includes the modern countries of India, China, and Japan. Columbus, knowing that the world was round, thought that he could get there by sailing west. He didn't know that there were whole continents, North and South America, and then the Pacific Ocean in his way!
4 The voyage west would be an expensive one, and Columbus' first job was to find someone rich to sponsor him. After many tries, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain took an interest in his plan. Columbus had asked for a lot, and maybe he was surprised when they agreed to everything he asked for; three ships, honors and titles, and a percent of the profit from the trade.
5 His three ships were named the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. The Santa Maria was the largest; it was a heavy cargo ship with three masts, two square sails, one triangular sail, and another little topsail. The Pinta was smaller and faster, the kind of ship called a caravel. The Nina was a caravel too, and the smallest of the three. The ships were made of wood and, of course, had no motors. Some of the officers had bunk beds; some of the other sailors didn't even have that. They used wood to cook their food in fireboxes on the deck.
6 Columbus, who called himself Cristobal Colon in Spain, captained the Santa Maria. Two brothers, Martin and Vincente Pinzon, were the captains of the Pinta and the Nina. Altogether, there were about 90 men on the three ships that set sail in August of 1492.
7 Columbus kept a log, or a journal, that gives us information about his voyage. From his log, we know that they sailed by "dead reckoning," which was their way of measuring their course. They used only a magnetic compass, and measurements of distance and time, to keep them on track. The ships averaged a speed of about 150 miles per day, but when the wind was good, they could go twice that fast. When the wind stopped, the ships sat still too.
8 The trip turned out to take much longer than anyone on board expected. After many days and nights at sea, the sailors were ready to return home. On October 10, Columbus talked them into sailing forward for just three more days. On October 12, they sighted land, and the same day they landed, not in the Indies, but in the New World. The rest, as they say, is history.
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端午节的起源习俗
农历五月初五端午节，是我国最大的传统节日之一。端午亦称端五，“端”的意思和“初”相同，称“端五”也就如称“初五”；端五的“五”字又与“午”相通，按地支顺序推算，五月正是“午”月。又因午时为“阳辰”，所以端五也叫“端阳”。五月五日，月、日都是五，故称重五，也称重午。此外，端午还有许多别称，如：夏节、浴兰节、女儿节，天中节、地腊、诗人节等等。
端午节的别称之多，间接说明了端午节俗起源的歧出。事实也正是这样的。关于端午节的来源，时至今日至少有四、五种说法，诸如：纪念屈原说；吴越民族图腾祭说；起于三代夏至节说；恶月恶日驱避说，等等。迄今为止，影响最广的端午起源的观点是纪念屈原说。在民俗文化领域，我国民众把端午节的龙舟竞渡和吃粽子都与屈原联系起来。传说屈原投江以后，当地人民伤其死，便驾舟奋力营救，因有竞渡风俗；又说人们常放食品到水中致祭屈原，但多为蛟龙所食，后因屈原的提示才用楝树叶包饭，外缠彩丝，做成后来的粽子样。
端午节的习俗主要有：吃粽子于门上插艾或菖蒲驱邪，系长命缕，饮雄黄酒或以之消毒，赛龙舟等等。 粽子又叫“角黍”、“筒粽”，前者是由于形状有棱角、内裹粘米而得名，后者顾名思义大概是用竹筒盛米煮成。端午节吃粽子，在魏晋时代已经很盛行。这种食品是在每年端午和夏至两个节日里食用。粽子还是一种节日往来的礼品。到了唐宋时期，粽子已极为有名，市场上常有粽子卖。现在，我们过端午节仍然免不了要吃几只粽子。粽子有不少花样，有南北之别，东西之分。南方常用红枣、花生、咸肉等混在糯米中制成，也多见不杂别的食品，而去品味粽叶的清香的；北方多以枣、果脯等作为粽子的馅心。小小的粽子，似乎已经成了中国传统的象征，在人们心中占据着一定的位置。 过去端午节还有躲午的习俗，此种习俗源于一 种信仰，即：五月为“ 恶 月” ，瘟疮蔓延，重五是个不吉利的日子，所以父母都于是日将未满周岁的儿女带往 外婆家躲避，以逃脱灾祸，故称躲午。这无疑是古代科学不发达而产生的观念，因为五月酷暑将至，蚊虫滋 生，在没有医疗卫生设备的民间，容易发生传染病，遂给人们带来一种恐惧心理，于是产生躲午习俗，如今这一节日的一些古老习俗已经随着社会变迁而消失了，但吃粽子、赛龙舟等习俗仍然流行 。
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韩国节日
通常在阳历1月底或2月初到来的被韩国人称作新年的农历正月初一,是传统上最盛大的节目。全家人聚集一堂,穿最好的衣服, 举行祭祖仪式。祭祀后,享用丰盛的家宴,家庭中的晚辈向长辈拜年。尽管人们都继续庆祝农历新年,但阳历的元旦也有两天的法定假期。
其他的重要节日包括：元宵节,即阴历每年的第一个满月,此时农民和渔夫们祈求丰收并进行特殊的游戏；端午节, 阴历五初五,农民们休息一天共同娱乐；中秋节,阴历八月十五,是一个丰收和感恩的节目,还有浴佛节,农历四月 初八,信徒们在寺庙中举行特别仪式并举行灯会。
有几个家庭节日对所有韩国人来说都很重要,而且总是要设宴庆祝。它们是：百日,就是婴儿出生后的第100天；周 岁,第一个生日；花甲,60岁生日，这一天被认为特别重要,因为在这一天一个人已经度过了一个年甲子的岁月；此外,还有古稀,即70岁生日。
除农历中的传统节日外,韩国人还过以下的国定节日：
1月1日：元旦——新年的头两天,举世同庆的日子。
阴历正月初一：民俗日——这一天,也称为阴历新年,以祭祖的家庭典礼、特别的事物、传统游戏来庆祝。
3月1日：独立运动纪念日-1919年3月1日反抗日本统治的独立运动周年纪念日。
4月5日：植树节-这一天,政府官员、教师、学生以及成千上万全国各地的韩国人按照政府的植树造林计划栽种树木。
5月5日：儿童节-“这一天为儿童举行各种庆祝活动,让他们与父母一起尽情游乐。
阴历四月初八：浴佛节——在佛寺中举行庄严的仪式,这天的庆祝活动在提灯游行中达到高潮。
6月6日：显忠日—全国在这天向阵亡将士献祭,在汉城的国立墓地举行纪念仪式。
7月17日：制宪节-这一天纪念1948年通过大韩民国宪法。
8月15日：光复节-1945年的这一天,韩国从日本35年的殖民统治中解放出来。这一天还标志着1948年大韩民国政府的建立。
阴历八月十五：秋夕(或称中秋节)——这是一年中重要的全国性节日之一。这一天要摆设宴席,各家要在家庭墓地举行纪念仪式,晚上要共赏圆月。
10月3日：日开天节-这一天是传说中檀君于公元前2333年建立韩国的日子。
12月25日：圣诞节-像在西方一样,基督徒和其他国民都庆贺这个神圣的日子。
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法国节日：
1月6日：帝王节。在糕点铺内，人们纷纷购买甜饼，这种甜饼内含有一种叫蚕豆的小东西。家中最小的成员，把眼睛蒙上，将甜饼分给大家：这是ＪＥＡＮＥ姑姑的，这是爸爸的，这是ＤＥＳＰＯＹＥＳ先生的。。。“每人吃甜饼时都避免咬到蚕豆。吃到蚕豆的人将封为国王（皇后），并挑选他的皇后（国王）。全家人或朋友们举杯高颂：“国王干杯，皇后干杯。”
2月2日：圣蜡节，这是一个宗教及美食的双重节日。这一天，家家都做鸡蛋薄饼，鸡蛋饼煎得又薄又黄，向太阳似的金黄色。它飘起来后，孩子们注视着它，如果它直接落在谁的口里该多好呀！
4月1日：愚人节。可以说几乎任何事都是允许的！孩子甚至是大人都会参与愚人节。
5月1日：劳动节和铃兰花节。巴黎的大街小巷，甚至是地铁站内都充满了花香。
有卖铃兰花的小商贩。人们买花给自家用，也为了送朋友或在衣服上缀上一小朵。
时值春季，天气晴朗，人们多往乡村散步，野餐，垂钓，打地球。明天又要重温工厂，办公室学校的老一套
6月21日：
法国全民音乐节
每年的6月21日是法国宣布夏季开始的日子，法国前文化部长贾克朗决定在这一天举办全民音乐节，这一习惯也就延习下来。每年6月21日，从晚上8：00到第二天凌晨2：00，所有专业、业余、半专业或半业余的音乐团体走上街头，向公众演出。古典的、现代的、严肃的、流行的均粉墨登场，煞是热闹。那天我们是晚上10：00出门的，在往常这个时候地铁里已没多少人了，而那天却人满为患，并以年轻人居多，三个一群，五个一伙，一看就知道是上街凑热闹的。在塞纳河边我们正巧赶上了激昂的流行音乐大游行，尽情尽兴地狂歌劲舞了一番，结果最后只得与许多法国青年一样在MONTPAMASSE火车站露宿了一夜---地铁已经收班。
每年9月的第三个周末：
法国历史文化遗产日
历史文化遗产日活动是法国一项全国性的大型文化活动。法国政府于每年九月的第三个周末向公众免费开放文化古迹、历史建筑和国家行政机构，以便于公众进一步了解法兰西民族的文化遗产，增强民族遗产意识，从而弘扬民族文化，保持法国悠久的文化传统。这项活动于1984年首次举办。
在遗产日期间，法国总统府、总理府、国民议会、外交部、国宾馆、巴黎市政厅等这些平时百姓不能涉足的地方免费对公众开放。这些地方都是远古时期遗留下来的著名建筑，内部也布置得金碧辉煌且收藏有许多世界名画。届时，来自世界各地的游客和法国人早早地来到总统府门前加入到了排队参观的行列。一般要经过5个多小时的艰苦等待方得以如愿，参观时间也就20分钟，许多人出得门来不禁大喊辛苦。
7月14日：法国国庆节
7月14日是法国国庆节，每年都要在从凯旋门到协和广场的香榭里舍大道上举行盛大而隆重的阅兵典礼。仪式10：00开始，鬼佬们却告诉我们7：00以前就要去占地方。想来平时巴黎的街道上总是人烟稀少，也就不以为意。结果8：00左右到达目的地，却再也找不着好地方了。整个5公里长的道路两旁里三层外三层地站满了人，直纳闷平时冷清的巴黎也有如此人山人海的时候。再到后来，不仅路旁的长条椅上站满了人，路边的垃圾筒也成了强手货，几乎每个垃圾筒上都站着一个人。有许多商贩不失时机地推销一种类似潜望镜的东西，可以举过头顶，通过反光原理来观看仪仗队伍，虽价格不薄，也销路极佳。
9月28日是法国的BRADERIE节，俗称破烂节。
任何人都可以把家中的旧货拿出来兜售，不用上税费。那一天尚贝里是个雨天，却丝毫没有减少大家的兴致。不仅全城的人都出动了，甚至还吸引了附近市镇的居民开着大车小车来参加。市中心、城里所有的街道、广场摊连摊、人挤人，热闹非凡。旧货的种类繁多，样式千奇百怪。 衣物鞋帽、书籍、旧包、玩具、家用电器、灯饰、厨具、CD、磁带、胶带唱片、油画、自行车、徽标、海报、首饰、家具等等。反正是你想得到的， 想不到的都能在那里找到。法国人真是什么都敢卖， 洋娃娃缺只胳膊、衣服没有扣子、自行车少了坐板......照卖不误!
法国的大假于8月31日开始。尽管政府的多方努力，几乎所有的法国人都在同一时间休假。许多工厂歇业，大批商店关门。
11月１日。是冥节。
在陵园，墓地被菊花点缀。尽管墓地的沉痛气氛，小学生为本年假期的头一日而欣喜若狂。
11月25日，是圣－喀德琳节，是个地道的巴黎地方节日。
25岁尚未婚嫁的年轻姑娘们梳妆成圣－喀德琳。这些庆祝圣－喀德琳节的姑娘在位于与其同名的大街上的圣女雕像前献花圈。这一天做了许多黄色和绿色的小帽子，一个比一个新颖。在大的女装店内，人们跳舞，喝香宾。喀德琳是当日的女皇。
12月25日：圣诞节。这可称为节中节，她是严冬里的光芒，为人们带来欢乐。
星星，雪花，松树，礼品，铃铛组成图画。孩子们清扫烟筒，找出他们最大号的鞋，圣诞老人上路了。。。。。
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中秋节
八月十五日是秋天的正中，所以被称为中秋或仲秋。八月十五的月亮比其他几个月的满月还要圆，要明亮，所以又叫做“月夕”，“八月节”。中秋前夕，人们都尽可能和家人团聚，取人月双圆的意义，八月十五又叫“团圆节”。
中秋节是汉族和少数民族的民间传统节日。早在三代时期我国就有“秋暮夕月”的习俗。夕月，即祭拜月神。到了周代，每逢中秋夜都要举行迎寒和祭月。在唐代，中秋赏月、玩月颇为盛行。南宋，民间以月饼相赠，取团圆之义。晚上，有赏月、游湖等活动。明清以来，中秋节的风俗更加盛行；许多地方形成了烧斗香、树中秋、点塔灯、放天灯、走月亮、舞火龙等特殊风俗。今天，月下游玩的习俗，已远没有旧时盛行。但设宴赏月仍很盛行，人们把酒问月，庆贺美好的生活，或祝远方的亲人健康快乐，和家人“千里共婵娟”。
以前，江苏地区的中秋夜，妇女们多外出在月下游玩，或互相拜访，或结伴去佛寺尼庵，或举行盛大的文艺活动。甚至玩到四更鸡鸣。这一风俗当地叫做“走月亮”。上海的习俗与江苏差不多。只是中秋夜，妇女外出游玩必须要走过至少三座桥，因而叫做“走三桥”。
古时还有祭月和拜月活动。设大香案，摆上月饼、西瓜、苹果、红枣、李子、葡萄等祭品，其中月饼和西瓜是绝对不能少的。西瓜还要切成莲花状。在月下，将月亮神像放在月亮的那个方向，红烛高燃，全家人依次拜祭月亮，然后由当家主妇切开团圆月饼。切的人预先算好全家共有多少人，在家的，在外地的，都要算在一起，不能切多也不能切少，大小要一样。如果家里有孕妇，就要多切一份。
拜月不是指祭月时的拜月。这种风俗源于北宋京师。当夜，满城人家，不论穷富老小，都要穿上成人的衣服，焚香拜月说出心愿，祈求月亮神的保佑。相传古代齐国丑女无盐，幼年时曾虔诚拜月，长大后，以超群品德入宫，但未被宠幸。某年八月十五赏月，天子在月光下见到她，觉得她美丽出众，后立她为皇后，中秋拜月由此而来。月中嫦娥，以美貌著称，故少女拜月，愿“貌似嫦娥，面如皓月”。
许多地方还形成了很多特殊的中秋习俗。如香港的舞火龙、安徽的堆宝塔、广州的树中秋、晋江的烧塔仔、苏州石湖看串月、傣族的拜月、苗族的跳月、侗族的偷月亮菜、高山族的托球舞等。
中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。
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加拿大节日风俗
冬季狂欢节
(2月上、中旬)魁北克省居民最盛大的节日。节日活动规模盛大，内容丰富多彩，具有浓郁的法兰西色彩。节前， 要用雪筑成一座五层高的"雪之城堡"；节日期间，要推选一位"狂欢节之王"，作为魁北克市的临时"统治者"，他身穿白衣，头戴白帽，犹如"雪人"一般。 在破冰后的圣劳伦斯河上要举行传统 的"冰河竞舟"。还要在冰、雪上举行 其它各种活动。
郁金香花节
(5月的最后两周)首都渥太华的盛大节日。节日间举行各种彩车游行。欢庆的人们还选出一位美丽的"皇后"。人们尾随"皇后"的花车， 以乐队为前导徐徐前行。
淘金节
加拿大阿尔伯达省人每年从8月底起连续10天举行淘金庆祝活动以纪念祖先 们的奋斗精神。人们身着淘金时代的服装上街游行，在埃德蒙顿广场举行各项文艺演出，夜晚燃放烟火，热闹非凡。
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