突破高考英语完型填空(江苏省盐城市阜宁县)

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名称 突破高考英语完型填空(江苏省盐城市阜宁县)
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更新时间 2020-07-22 09:41:36

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轻松突破高考完形填空
第一章 解题指导
第一节 题型介绍
完形填空的试题形式是在一段有丰富内容的短文(偶尔为对话)中,按一定原则抽词留空,然后要求学生在空缺中填词,使短文成为一段意义完整的文字。它一般有两种形式,第一种是“固定间隔省词型”,即按平均间隔抽词,不考虑所抽词的词性和词义;第二种叫做“非间隔省词型”,即不按规定间隔抽词,而是根据某种预定目标有选择地抽词。各地高二会考、阶段测试完形填空题大多采用第二种形式,其命题特点、对学生的素质要求以及应试的方法基本与高考相同。
第二节 命题特点
一、文章选择
完形填空选材时通常考虑以下几点:
1、难度低于阅读理解中的材料。
2、包含希望考查到的词汇、语法结构等语言项目。
3、上下文关系较为紧凑。
4、语言地道、纯正,有一定的内容情节,避免选择专业性太强的文章,以免学生因受知识障碍和心理因素的干扰而影响语言水平的正常发挥。此外,还要回避那些对部分考生来说较为熟悉,而对其他考生来说可能较为生疏的材料,防止造成不公平。
二、空格设置
完形填空题挖空时一般会遵循这样一些原则:
1、文章的第一句通常不挖空。短文的第一个句子是观察全文的窗口,起着让学生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意的作用。文章的第一句给学生一个完整的信息可以让许多对完形填空题存有畏惧心理的学生很快安定下来,增强答题的信心。如果第一句很长,前半部分已提供了一定的信息,可以考虑在后半部分挖空。但不管怎样,第一句的第一词绝对不会挖空,如果那样会使许多学生陷入茫然。除了首句一般不挖空外,文章的尾句也较少挖空。
2、空格在短文中均衡分布。绝大多数空格之间的距离大致相当,空格与空格之间的平均词距约为11个。请看近几年高考题中的空格设置情况:
试卷 文长(词) 设空数(个) 阅读量(词) 参考时间(分钟) 读速(wpm) 最大间格(词) 最小间格(词) 平均间格(词)
NMET1999 274 25 357 18 19.8 24 3 9.8
NMET2000 287 25 381 18 21.2 24 1 10.2
NMET2001 261 20 326 14 23.3 17 6 12.1
NMET2002 272 20 327 14 23.4 33 6 12.5
3、考点分布符合考查目的。完形填空题通常以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点,淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查,以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。因此,所挖空白处,名词、动词、形容词和副词这几类词一般会占80%以上。
请看近几年高考完形填空题中的考点分布情况:
试卷 动词 形容词 副词 名词 代词 介词 连词
NMET1999 8 4 2.5 6.5 1 1 2
NMET2000 8 4.5 5 6.5 0 1 0
NMET2001 5 4 6 4 0 0 1
NMET2002 9 2 3 4 1 0 1
4、尽力避免相互依存的试题。命题时通常会设法避免挖空两个关系过于密切的单词或短语,否则答错一个题即意味着两个题全错,反过来,答对一个题亦意味着两个题全对。下面两句中的划线部分就属于这种情况:
If you agree(同意),please say “ yes ”.If you don’t agree,please say “ no ”.
三、选项命制
命制选项时一般应考虑以下几点:
1、以语篇为载体,测试语言知识和语言能力。试题突出在语篇的基础上考查学生对短文的整体理解能力,同时兼顾对学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力的考查。从每个小题的设计来看,需要通过整篇文章的上下文来考虑答题的题数一般占70%以上,而属于只需理解空格所在句子便可确定答案的句子层次的题目则不是太多。请看下表:
试卷 句子层次 篇章层次
题量 所占比例 题量 所占比例
NMET1999 4 16% 21 84%
NMET2000 3 12% 22 88%
NMET2001 6 30% 14 70%
NMET2002 6 30% 14 70%
2、以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查学生阅读理解能力的前提下,兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。所设选项一般都符合语言规范,且词类基本相同。比如说,当答案是过去式went时,另三个干扰项也为动词的过去式,而不是动词go的其它形式。
3、降低对单词本身词义的考查要求,注重考查对全文意义的理解。备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。
4、正确答案通常是从短文中挖掉的那个词或短语,而干扰项则应是正确答案的干扰项,绝不允许干扰项成为干扰项的干扰项。
5、备选项的构成以单个词为主,词组或短语基本没有。
第三节 素质要求
完形填空是一种具有一定难度的障碍性阅读理解题,要做好该题,必须具备:
一、良好的阅读习惯,善于从整体上把握文章的意义和结构。
二、词语意义和用法的辨析能力。
三、固定搭配和习惯用法方面的知识。
四、基本的语法知识。
五、在特定语境中综合运用语言知识的实践能力。
六、较强的逻辑推理能力和分析判断能力。
第四节 应试准备
事实表明:完形填空的解题能力是与一定量的实践练习密切相关的。只有通过训练,才能提高应试能力。训练时,应特别注意以下几个方面:
一、注意选用那些质量较高(以意义填空为主,与竞赛题特点相一致)的练习作为训练材料。
二、注意在把握全文意义的基础上再去考虑各个空格的答案。要明确每道题的答题依据,即弄清根据文中什么信息确定了某一题的答案,可以将依据简要地记下来,也可将依据的信息与相关空格用线连起来。初始训练时,不一定光做标准的完形填空练习,可从缺词填空练起,看看自己能否仅仅根据上下文判定每空的答案。也可将标准完形填空题的选项部分用纸遮起来,逼着自己先通读全文,预测可能的答案,然后到选项中去验证自己预测的答案,如果预测的答案与某一选项完全相符,则可断定该选项就是答案。
三、注意在阅读中分析文章的主旨大意和行文逻辑,培养对语言结构和语言情境的敏感性。下面让我们通过几个例子来看看语言结构和语言情境的变化对答案的影响:
I did it .
A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D.again
乍看上去,四个选项都可成为答案。因为从试题的形式来看题干是一个孤立的、无其他情景限制的句子。但我们由did可知,该句是过去时,一个孤立的句子使用过去时态,就必须有表示过去的时间状语,否则,句子就不成立。虽然我们平时说话也使用这样的句子(并不说出时间状语),但那仍是有说话情景限制的,即听话人是明白的。因此,从语法结构分析,该题答案应为B。否则,句子缺少过去时间的限制,用过去时就无时间依据了。
让我们再看看增加了某些情景的句子的情况:
She said I was not strong enough but I did it .
A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D. again
这句话加了but及其前面说话的情景,再选 yesterday 就不是最佳答案了。这时只有myself与前面所说的话和与 but转折的意境相符合。这说明增加了上下文情景就会使一些词的使用条件产生变化。再看下例:
Failure(失败)told me that I was not too careful then,so I did it to see the result.
A.myself B.yesterday C.carefully D.again
答案为C。这种语境中选项D对同学们干扰最大,因为大家可能这样理解:从前一次失败可以得出这样的结论——又做了一次。如果同学们把“曾经太粗心”这一情境也加以考虑的话,相信一定会认为carefully是最佳答案了。因为选用carefully,again的意境同时可以体现出来。又如,如果语境是这样的:
Failure is the mother of success. The famous saying encouraged me. I did it _____.
A.myself B.yesterday C.carefully D.again
从前文的语境看,主语I是受到了名言力量的鼓舞,克服了灰心丧气又干了起来,这样就应当填again,而A,B,C均与此语境不符。
由此可见,完形填空之难,在于光懂得一些语言规则是不能答好题的,还必须读懂文章,弄清语境,并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断,只有这样才能作出恰当的选择。上面举的几个例子充分说明了这一点。
第五节 技巧点拨
由于完形填空重在考查学生在语篇中综合运用语言的能力,答题时就必须遵循“整体—部分—整体”的步骤,具体可分为以下三步:
一、通览全文,了解大意
通过浏览全文,可以迅速理解文章大意。如果提笔就填,势必由于“见木不见林”而事倍功半。须知文章的上下文之间是紧密联系的。某一局部成立的答案如果放到全文中去考虑,也许就不能成立,只有抓住全篇文章的主旨,才能选出既合乎语言规范,又合乎文章内容的答案。
如果通读一遍后,仍不能理解全文,则应冷静下来再读,切忌在不了解全文意义的情况下边读边填。
遇到生词要区别对待。若该词表示的是无关紧要的信息,可直接跳过去;若生词影响你理解全文,则可利用上下文、构词法等多种猜词技巧猜测出它们的含义。
倘若设空处影响你理解短文,可将备选项代入空档,也许你能从中找到理解的线索。
注意分析文章的首尾句。首句有开篇启示的作用,是观察全文的窗口,往往也是演绎型文章的主题句。尾句一般是文章的点睛之笔,常常也是归纳型文章的结论语。抓住首尾句有利于加快、加深对文章的理解。
每篇文章都是一个有机的整体,段与段之间在逻辑上必然前呼后应,句与句之间在意义上总是有着不同程度的联系。如果先通览全文,就能把握住文章的主题,理清文章的脉络,了解作者的思路。
二、综合考虑,逐项填空
掌握文章大意后,就可以按顺序答题了,但并不意味着要依次一下子填好所有空档,可先借助自己的语感,利用上下文提供的情境,推测出可能的答案,然后,再结合备选项进行验证。
对那些较难的空档,可试着将备选项一一代入空档,然后从词汇意义及用法、习惯搭配、常识、逻辑推理以及上下文等角度,进行认真分析、比较,力求找出合情合理的答案。有时,前后信息之间还有相互提示的作用。答题时,要瞻前顾后,放眼全篇,切不可将思维局限在一两个空档或一两句话上。
对那些答案一时难以抉择的空档,可先用排除法尽量缩小答案的范围,然后根据“四分均等”的原则在该题已定答案中将涉及较少的那一个选项选做答案。
总之,遇到疑难空档时应该冷静、谨慎,切忌草率从事。否则,一旦选错一档,还可能影响其他,形成连锁反应。
三、复读检验,消除疏漏
完成所有空档后,还要再复读一遍短文,看看这时的短文行文是否流畅,意义是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理。若有不合语感、题意或语言规范之处,应审慎调整答案,力求做到万无一失。
例:(2002年全国夏季高考题)
What is intelligence(智力)anyway When I was in the army I 1_____an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against 2______of 100,scored 160.
I had an auto-repair man once,who,on these intelligence tests,could not 3_____
have scored more than 80.4_____, when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him---and he always 5_____ it.
Well,then,suppose my auto-repair man 6_____ questions for some intelligence tests.By every one of them I’d prove myself a 7_____. In a word where I have to work with my 8_____,I’d do poorly.
Consider my auto-repair man 9_____.He had a habit of telling 10_____. One time he said,”Doc,a deaf-and-dumb(聋哑)man 11_____ some nails. Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made 12_____ movements with the other hand.The clerk brought him a hammer. He 13_____ his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk 14_____ him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well,Doc,the 15_____ man who came in was blind.He wanted scissors(剪刀).16_____ do you suppose he asked for them ” I lifted my right hand and made scissoring movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said, “Why,you fool,he used his 17_____ and asked for them. I’ve been 18_____ that on all my customers today, but I knew 19_____ I’d catch you.” “Why is that ” I asked. “Because you are so goddamned educated,Doc. I knew you couldn’t be very 20_____.”
And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.
1.A.failed B.wrote C.received D.chose
2.A.an average B.a total C.an exam D.a number
3.A.always B.possibly C.certainly D.frequently
4.A.Then B.Thus C.Therefore D.Yet
5.A.fixed B.checked C.drove D.changed
6.A.answered B.practised C.designed D.tried
7.A.teacher B.doctor C.winner D.fool
8.A.brains B.effort C.hands D.attention
9.A.again B.as usual C.too D.as well
10.A.lies B.jokes C.news D.tales
11.A.bought B.tested C.found D.needed
12.A.cutting B.hammering C.waving D.circling
13.A.nodded B.raised C.shook D.turned
14.A.brought B.packed C.sent D.sold
15.A.clever B.other C.right D.next
16.A.What B.How C.Who D.Which
17.A.imagination B.hand C.voice D.information
18.A.trying B.proving C.practising D.examining
19.A.for sure B.at once C.in fact D.right now
20.A.clear B.silly C.slow D.smart
答题分三步:
第一步,通览全文,了解大意。本文选用的是科幻、科普小说作家阿西莫夫自述的一段故事,体裁为夹序夹议。短文大意为:博士智商很高,但却被修理工的一个非常简单的智力问题给难住了,由此引出这样一个话题:到底什么是智力?
文章首句提示我们,下文可能会谈及如何辩正地看待智力这一问题。
文中共有生词10个,生词率为2.9%。这10个生词是:anyway不管怎样,against与……相处,scored(动词)得到……分,auto-repair man汽车修理工,hammering(动词)用锤子敲,goddamned该死的,uneasy不自在的,Doc.(缩略词)博士,try…on sb耍弄某人,for sure毫无疑问。这些词中,根据构词法并适当结合上下文可以猜出scored,auto-repair man,hammering的含义。其他词大多可以根据上下文猜测,即使不能猜出,也可以确定词义的大致范围,如goddamned一词,根据“博士受教育多,动手能力差,在回答汽车修理工的智力题时,被思维定势所缚。而汽车修理工智商虽不高,却手脚伶俐,他认为博士中了他的圈套是受教育多而致”这段意思,至少可以推测goddamned为贬义词。
第二步,综合考虑,逐项填空。该完形填空题内容幽默风趣,文章结构严谨,信息相互
依存,细节环环相扣。要答好它最好能把握以下几个方面:
1、文章的主线。如:
He had a habit of telling jokes.
由短文后半段修理工风趣的语言不难推知。
In a word where I have to work with my hands. I’d do poorly.
文章脉络是博士受教育多,动手能力差。
2、句子间的逻辑关系。如:
I had an auto-repair man once,who,on these intelligence tests,could not possibly have scored more than 80.Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him…
“修理工虽然在智力测试中得分低于80分,然而车子出了故障却得去求助于他。”前后句之间显然有逻辑上的转折关系。
3、句子内部的逻辑意义。如:…when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him---and he always fixed it.
车子出“毛病”,让修理工“修理”,合情合理。
4、句子中的关键词。如:When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against an average of 100,scored 160.
由“所有的”受测者可以推知100分是“平均”分。
5、句子前后词语的逻辑关系。如:…he put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering movements with the other hand.The clerk brought him a hammer.
由下一句中的hammer(锤子)可以推知,他用手所做的是“锤打”这一动作。
6、事件的先后顺序。如:Well, Doc, the next man who came in was blind.
前面一聋哑人是来买钉子,“接着”叙述的一盲人是来买剪子。
7、作者的态度。如:By every one of them I’d prove myself a fool.在作者看来,若让修理工设计智力试题让作者回答,他一定会依据自己的知识经验设计一些诸如车辆修理一类的操作性试题,那样的话,自己只能自认是“傻瓜”一个。
8、词语的习惯搭配。如:I had an auto-repair man once,who,on these intelligence tests,could not possibly have scored more than 80.
possibly常和搭配使用could。
在弄清以上方面的基础上,再逐一推敲出各空答案。答案与分析如下:
1、 选C。由该分句末尾的took可以推定。
1、 选A。由all soldiers took可以推测100应是“平均”成绩。
3、选B。根据与could的搭配和语感选定。
4、选D。上文提到修理工若去参加智力测试,其得分不可能超过80,而下文却说他很
擅长于修车,上下文之间显然由逻辑上的转折关系。
5、选A。因为擅长修车,所以别人将故障车送来时,他总是能“修理”。
6、选C。由下一句的我回答不上,可知作者在此处要表达的意思是“假定让修理工去设计(design)智力测试题”。
7、选D。修理工设计智力测试题时很可能根据自身经验设计一些动手类的题,如汽车修理,如果这样,那作者只好自认是“傻子”。
8、选C。由上下文可知,博士智力水平很高,但动“手”能力较差。
9、选A。作者在第三节先谈到了修理工,接着谈到了自己,现在“再一次”谈到了修理工。
10、选B。由下文可知修理工有一个爱“讲笑话”的习惯。
11、选D。聋哑人去商店买钉子,当然是出于“需要”。
12、选B。聋哑人要买钉子,其手势自然似“用锤子敲打”状。
13、选C。聋哑人想买钉子,而售货员拿了锤子给他,想必他只能通过“摇”头来表达自己的意思。
14、选A。第48空前的The clerk brought him a hammer一句已经表示了“拿”这一动作。
15、选D。在聋哑人离开之后走进商店的盲人自然是“下一个”人了。
16、选B。由下文可知修理工要博士猜测的是盲人会“怎样”表达买剪刀的愿望。
17、选C。盲人是可以说话的,他与售货员交流当然可以通过语言(即声音voice)。
18、选A。本句意思为“今天我一直在用这个问题试探我所有的顾客”。表示“用……试探某人”用try something on somebody。
19、选A。由下文的双方对话可以看出修理工对蒙住博士很是自信。
20、选D。作者虽然受过良好的教育,但却回答不了这样一个简单的问题,由此可知该
空应填smart(机灵的)。
第三步,复读检验,消除疏漏。
第2章 专项突破
第一节 题型专项突破
根据上下文意义设空是多年来高考完形填空题的命题特点之一,试题着重考查同学们对文章的整体理解能力,所选文章上下文之间逻辑上有着密切的联系,某一局部成立的答案如果放到全文中去考虑也许就不能成立。答题时,只有抓住全篇文章的主旨,才能选出既合乎语言规范,又合乎文章内容的答案来。然而,不少同学在做完形填空题,特别是在做选择型完形填空题时,都不愿意或不习惯于先去领会全文大意,他们往往是结合选项提笔就填,结果常由于“见木不见林”而事倍功半。要改变这一不良现象,就必须在弄清道理的同时进行一些针对性的训练。如拿到试题后,可先用两三分钟时间浏览一下全文,以便把握文章大意;答题时,要设法找到每个答案的信息源;此外,还可做一些以意义填空为主的自由完形填空练习和首字母提示完形填空练习,以便增强依据文章整体答题的意识,养成在把握全文意义基础上再去逐空推敲答案的答题习惯。下面分类编选若干例题,以帮助同学们学会分析解题思路,提高应试技能。
一、自由完形填空
自由完形填空题也称短文填空题或非选择短文填空题。这种题型重在对理解篇章、把握句子结构、判断词性词形能力的考查,它与首字母提示完形填空一样,是训练同学们选择型完形填空答题能力的有效途径。
解答这一类完形填空题首先得通读全文,了解大意,然后再根据行文逻辑,句子结构、词语搭配、语法形式一一填妥答案。
请看下面的例题:
(一)
Mark Twain, a famous American writer, was once traveling in France. He went by 1 to Dijon. He was very 2 and wanted to sleep. He therefore asked the 3 to wake him up when the train came to Dijon.
But first he 4 that he was a very heavy sleeper. “ I may possibly protest(抗议)loudly 5 you try to wake me up!” he said to the conductor. “6___ don’t take any notice of what I 7 . Just 8 me off the train,anyway.”
Then Mark Twain went to 9 .Later, when he woke up it was night time and the train had reached Paris already. He 10 at once that the conductor had forgotten to call him at Dijon. He was so 11 that he ran up to the conductor and began to 12 at him.
“I have never been 13 angry in all my 14 .”Mark Twain said.
The conductor looked at him calmly “You are not half so angry as the 15___ whom I pushed off the train at Dijon,” he said.
答案简析:
1、填train。由to wake him up when the train came to Dijon可知。
2、填tired或sleepy。根据wanted to sleep和后来一直睡到火车到达终点才醒可以推知。
3、填conductor。由第5个空格后的he said to the conductor可以推知。
4、填explained。根据行文逻辑判断。
5、填when或if。凭语感。
6、填But。与前文意思形成转折。
7、填say。根据protest即可选定。
8、填push。根据文章最后一句选定。
9、填sleep。由下一句可以推知。
10、填realized。火车已到巴黎,可他还在车上,所以他“意识到”乘务员忘记叫他了。
11、填angry。从下一节以及you are not half so angry中可以得到足够的启示。
12、填shout。因为气愤而冲着列车员“嚷”,合乎情理。
13、填so。凭语感。另从you are not half so angry as中亦能得到暗示。
14、填life。凭语感。另根据副词never和现在完成时的用法也可选定。
15、填American。列车员以为他已按那位“美国人”(即Mark Twain)的要求在Dijon将其推下了火车。该空格处若填man,person, gentleman或passenger等词,虽也可以,但明显不及American一词含义准确,也反映不出文章的幽默之处。
(二)
John Clark was a postman. He was fond of 1 . However, when he was delivering(投递)letters, he found that not all dogs were his friends. One particular dog called 2 who lived at No.108 Turner Road was one of John’s 3 .Whenever John came near his 4 house, Spot would lie in and 5__ out on John, barking(吠叫)and trying to bite his ankles.
After a heavy snow 6 was freezing that morning. The road was covered with 7 . John was afraid of 8 down, so he 9 his bike and walked with 10.____ steps. Unfortunately, John slipped on a patch of ice, which was opposite to No.108 Turner Road. Spot 11______ this as John together with his bike made such a big noise. Spot jumped onto John’s shoulders and tried to bite his neck. Quick as a flash, John, whose hands were full of letters, bit 12 on the leg.
John Clark said later, “It was the 13 thing I could do. I don’t approve of (赞成)cruelty to animals, but that dog 14 had it coming. Since that day I’ve had no 15 at No.108 Spot always hides round the back of the house when he hears me coming.”
答案简析:
1、填dogs。由下句可知。
2、填Spot。由下文可知,这条狗被叫做Spot。
3、填enemies。由上下句可推知。
4、填master’s。狗所看守的自然是“主人的”房子。
5、填jumped。由前后动作之间的逻辑关系和第11空后的jumped一词可知。
6、填it。“天气”极冷。
7、填ice。由John slipped on a patch of ice可知。
8、填falling。由于路上结着冰,所以害怕“跌倒”。
9、填pushed。由walked可知,他是“推”着车走的。
10、填slow。在结有冰的地面上行走,要防止跌倒,就得“慢”行。
11、填heard。由…made such a big noise可推知。
12、填Spot。“咬”这一动作的执行者是John,故承受者应为Spot。
13、填only。显然那是John“唯一”能做的事,否则就会被狗咬伤。
14、填obviously或really。那条狗“显然”或“真地”是伴着残忍来对付他的。
15、填trouble。因为狗被治服了,所以John没再遇到“麻烦”。
(三)
It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1_____. This was the beginning of another 2__ day in New York City. 3__ this day was to be different.
Waiting 4__ the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Petit. This daring Frenchman was about to 5__ a tightrope(绷索)between the two towers of the World Trade Center.
Philippe took his first 6__ with great care. The wire held. Now he was sure he could do it. 7__ only a balancing pole, Philippe walked his way across a 8_____ of 131 feet.
Soon the rush-hour crowds began to notice. What a 9_____ ! There, 1350 feet above the street, a 10__ figure was walking on air.
Philippe made seven trips, back and forth(来回). He wasn’t satisfied with just 11__ . At times, he would turn, sit down, and 12__ go on his knees. Once, he had the astonishing courage to lie down on the thin thread. And thousands of 13_____ watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
After the forty-five-minute 14____ , Philippe was taken to the police station. He was asked 15____ he did it. Philippe shrugged(耸肩)and said, ”when I see two tall buildings, I walk.”
(根据1994年全国夏季高考题改编)
答案简析:
1、填work或jobs。早晨人们行色匆匆,主要是赶去“工作”。offices应予排除,因为有工作的人并非都有办公室。
2、填ordinary或usual。由another和下一句的different可以推知。
3、填But。ordinary或usual与different意思上形成了转折。
4、填above。Philippe Petit是站在110层世贸中心的楼顶上。他所站的地方并不是在街道的正上方,故不宜填over。
5、填walk。由下面几节可知Philippe Petit是打算走绷索(walk a tightrope),这里的walk用作及物动词。
6、填step。在他确信能走过去之前,他很小心地迈出了第一“步”。
7、填With, Holding 或Carrying。表示伴随状态,意为“拿着”。
8、填distance。由walk his way across可知,他走过的是131英尺的“距离”。
9、填wonder。在1350英尺的高空表演走绷索这一绝技,真乃“奇迹”。
10、填tiny或small。从马路上抬头看1350英尺高的人,应该觉得人很渺小。若填其他形容词可能会偏离There, 1350 feet above the street 所揭示的语境。
11、填walking或walk。从与turn, sit down和go on his kness 这几个动作的对比中可以很清楚地看出来。
12、填even。跪着前行(go on his kness)的困难程度明显要大于行走(walk)、转身(turn)和坐下(sit down)。
13、填terrified。此时此景,驻足观望的人们心跳都已加速,想必十分“害怕”。由于afraid是表语形容词,不能作定语,故不能填在此处。
14、填show或performance。Philippe Petit的一系列行为完全是绝技“表演”。walk由于不能涵盖turn, sit down, lie down等动作,故不能使用。
15、填why。下文便是他解释的所谓的原因。
(四)
Jenkins was a jeweller, who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked 1_____ like the first one but was worth only 2,000. This he took to the shop, which 2_____it without a question.
Jenkins gave the much more 3_____ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday. Then, the husband and wife 4_____to Paris for a weekend. As to the 5_____ring, the shop sold it for 60,000.
Six months later the buyer 6_____ it back to Silkstone’s office.”It’s a faulty diamond,”he said .”It isn’t worth the high 7_____ I paid.” Then he told them the 8_____. His wife’s car had caught fire in an 9____ . She had escaped, 10____ the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great 11____ of the fire.
The shop had to 12_____ . They knew that no fire on earth can 13____ damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the 14____ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: who 15_____ it
A picture of the ring appeared in the 16_____ . A reader thought he 17____ the ring. The next day , another picture appeared in the papers which 18_____ a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman 19_____ a large diamond ring. “Do you know the 20_____ with the lovely diamond ring ” the papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.
(根据1993年全国夏季高考题NMET卷改编)
答案简析:
1、填exactly。从下文假戒指已达到乱真的地步,可知它“完全”像第一枚戒指。填just也可接受,只是其语气没有exactly强。
2、填accepted。商店未看出任何破绽,自然是毫无疑问地“接收”了戒指。填received不太妥,因为它只表示客观上收到,而不暗示在收到的同时可能还做了审视或是检验。填sold不太合逻辑,因为到第二节末才提到商店“出售”了戒指。
3、填valuable或expensive。Jenkins留下的戒指当然更“有价值”,更“贵”。填real不可接受,因为在两枚戒指的真实性上是不能做比较的。
4、填flew或went。从最后一节walking out to a plane for Paris可以推知,Jenkins夫妇是乘飞机去巴黎的。这里flew是最佳答案。
5、填second或faulty。第1空前后的信息告诉我们珠宝店的那枚戒指是根据第一枚戒指仿造的,与first相对应,珠宝店的那枚戒指应是两枚中的“第二”枚。当然,也可以说第二枚戒指是“假的”,因为它是仿制的。
6、填brought。从商店角度讲,顾客是将戒指“拿来”,而不是“拿去(took)”。
7、填price。pay的宾语可以是价格,也可以是钱,但由于前面的high的修饰,故只能填price,因为英语“价格”是论高低的。
8、填fact(s)。从上下文可知,顾客告诉店家的是事情的经过,即“事实”。也可以填story(经历)。
9、填accident。catch fire这一现象足以让人想到车子出了故障,发生了事故。
10、填but。人逃走了,戒指却掉在了火中,前后意义明显形成了转折。
11、填heat。因为真金不怕火炼,所以假的也就被火的“热度”给损坏了。
12、填agree。从本节后三句来看,店家“认同”了顾客所述的经历。
13、填ever。no…ever意为never,着实世上没有过真钻石被火烧坏的先例。填completely, fully等词不可接受,因为它们是以承认火能部分烧坏钻石为前提的。
14、填real。与该空后面的faulty相对。
15、填took或did。took重现了第14空前的taken一词。为避免重复,也可用代动词did来替代took。该空最佳答案为did,因为它既能替代took又能替代put。
16、填papers或newspapers。第18空前的papers是一个重现的信息。
17、填recognized。recognize的意思是be able to identify somebody or something that one has seen before(辨认出),较为符合文意。而saw, knew, found等词在此说明的意思比较含糊,不能视作最佳答案。
18、填showed。报纸上的照片“显示”了某一情景。
19、填wearing。“戴”什么常用wear来表示。
20、填woman。这里明显指的是前一句提到的那个“女人”。填person也可接受。
(五)
Jack Baines is a self-made millionaire,but his beginnings were very slow. He was the youngest of eight children. His father had a 1 __ in the cotton mills(纱厂)of Blackburn, Lancashire in the 1920s, but he was often 2___ to work because of poor health. The family couldn't 3___ to pay the rent(租金) and the children often went 4 ___ . After leaving school at the age of 14, Jack was wondering 5_____to do when Mr Walker, his old teacher, offered to lend him £100 to start his own 6_____ .
It was just after the war. Raw materials were not plentiful, and Jack (without taking his parent's 7_____ ) saw a future in scrap metal(金属切屑). He 8_____ bits of metal and stored them in an old garage. When he had built up a sizeable amount, he sold it and 9___ plenty of money.
Jack enjoyed working hard. After one year he succeeded in repaying the £100 and he also 10_____ to give Mr Walker 100% interest to 11_____ him for his generosity(慷慨).
By the time Jack was 30 years old he had made his first million, and he wanted to celebrate this progress 12____ doing something "great" . With all his money it was possible to build a beautiful 13____ for himself and his parents. In 1959, "Baines Castle" was built in the heart of the Lancashire 14____ . It was one of the finest buildings in the country.
Jack has recently sold "Baines Castle" for £500 million,15____ Jack still can't get used to living the 16____ life. He can often be found drinking with the locals(当地居民)at the local pub(小酒店).
"I remember being very 17____ as a child, but 18____ unhappy as a child," says Jack, "and I will never forget 19____ I came from and who I am. "
Lancashire people are 20____ of their local hero(英雄).
(根据1999年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛高二组试题改编)
答案简析:
1、填job或position。由后半句可知,父亲在当地的纱厂是有工作的。
2、填unable。因体弱而经常“不能”上班。
3、填afford。由前后句意义和前后搭配不难推知。
4、填hungry。家里穷,孩子们自然要经常“挨饿”。
5、填what。在得到老师资助前不知该干“什么”。根据结构也不难弄清此处应填连接代词what。
6、填business。由下文可知,他用这100英镑做起了“生意”。
7、填advice。根据首句的self-made millionaire可以推知,他是自己慢慢闯出来的,开始可能并未向父母讨教。
8、填bought。与下一句的sold相对应。
9、填earned或got。卖掉金属切屑,便“挣”了许多钱。
10、填offered。除了还款外,100%的利息是他主动给予Walker先生的。
11、填thank。多付利息显然是为了表达自己的谢意。
12、填by。by意为“通过”,表示方式、手段。
13、填home。为自己和父母而建,且以其家族的姓来命名的城堡式建筑其实就是他们的“家”。
14、填countryside。下一句末尾再现了countryside一词。
15、填but。前后意义形成转折。
16、填good,wonderful等。由Jack在下文的所做所言可以看出,他并不习惯过这样的“好生活”。
17、填poor。孩提时代是贫穷的。
18、填never或not。孩提时代虽然贫穷,但从来都很快乐。
19、填where。本句意为:我要牢记自己生在农村,是农家子弟。由who am I这一结构也可得到启示。
20、填proud。对家乡如此的英雄人物,乡亲们自然感到自豪。另分析be…of这一结构,也有助于尽快明确答案。
二、首字母提示完形填空
首字母除了更多地具备提示作用,有时也会有限制作用。解答这一类完形填空题与解答自由完形填空题一样,首先要通览全文,把握大意,在此基础上再去分析句子结构和前后搭配,最终填入意思恰切、形式规范的单词。请看下面的例题:
(一)
When looking at my railway timetable, I read with satisfaction that there was an express train(快车)to Westhaven. It went 1. f the station in my hometown and the 2.j lasted only an hour and 17 minutes. When I got on the train, I could not help noticing that a lot of 3.p _____ got on as well. At that time I was not 4.s at all. I thought that there 5.m___ be many people 6.b myself who wished to take the express train and 7. s time. Neither was I surprised 8.w the train stopped at Wildly, a small station a few miles along the line. Even an express train can be 9. d sometimes. But when the train stopped station after station, I began to 10. w .It suddenly struck me that this express was not running down the line at 90 miles an hour, but no 11.m_____ than 30. One hour and 17 minutes passed and we had not 12.c half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was Westhaven Express, but he said he had not even heard of it. Two hours later, I was talking 13.a to the station master at Westhaven. When he said there was not such an express train, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a sigh of victory in 14.v when I told him that it was there in black and white. Looking at the timetable, he told me to look 15.c .At the bottom of the page it said, “This service has been stopped.”
答案简析:
1、 填from。这趟所谓的快车是“从”我家乡的那个站出发的。
1、 填journey。根据下文可知,“旅程”共需1小时17分。
1、 填passengers,people或persons。由第4空后的那句话不难推知。
4、填surprised。想到其他人肯定也是为节省时间而来乘快车时,对如此一个小站一下子上了许多人,也就不感到“惊讶”了。此外,也可从Neither was I surprised一句中得到启示。
5、填must。从文中的我一点也不惊讶来看,他确实认为“一定”有许多人想乘快车。6、填besides。在文中的我看来,上车的人很多,说明除他之外,还有许多人想乘这
趟快车。
7、填save。乘快车当然是为了“节省”时间。
8、填when。与后面的but when形成对比。
9、填delayed。几里之外的小站也停靠了,看来即使是快车也有被“耽搁”的时候。10、填wonder。与Neither was I surprised形成对比。
11、填more。No more than “仅仅”,与前一分句形成对比。
12、填covered。根据本句意义以及空格处与distance一词的搭配关系不难选定。
13、填angrily。本想一个小时左右赶到目的地。结果花了两个多小时,怎能不“气愤”。14、填voice。根据told一词和空格后从句所揭示的语气可以选定。
15、填carefully。作为站长,一定很清楚列车运行变更情况在列车时刻表中的反映,对这样一位粗心且粗鲁的乘客,最好的办法是让他自己再“仔细地”看一看时刻表。
(二)
In the middle of the night, Peter's wife suddenly fell ill. She rolled from side to side crying, “ Oh, my stomach! Get the 1.d !”
Peter, awaking from a deep sleep, thought his wife was only having a 2.t _____ dream.
“Stop that noise,” he said to her. He turned over and tried to go to 3.s ______ again, but his wife still cried out, “Oh help!help! I’m 4.d .”
Peter got out of bed and started dressing, but he could not find him any clothes.
“Where is my shirt ” he asked. His wife was 5.t ill to tell him, and she could only cry. “Oh my poor stomach!”
As soon as he had put his clothes on, he said, “Now, my dear, are you quite 6.s that you need the doctor Surely you can wait 7.t morning, can’t you ”
“No, I can’t. Go,go,go,”his wife shouted,” 8.o you will find me dead in the morning.”
So Peter went out into the dark street. He had only gone a few steps when he heard his wife 9.c him again.
“I’m 10.w again now, and I shall not want the doctor,”she said, softly.
Hearing this, he started running as 11.f as he could towards the doctor’s house. When he arrived there, he knocked at the door with his stick, loudly enough to wake 12.e around.
The doctor put his sleepy head out of the bedroom window and said, “Er Who’s there ”
“Oh,doctor,”Peter called up to him, ”I’ve very 13.g news for you.My wife fell ill with a terrible stomachache. I was on my way to bring you to her, but she called me back to say that the trouble had suddenly 14.l her. So you need not come. Go back to 15.b now, and sleep well!”
答案简析:
1、填doctor。根据常识,有急病时应找“医生”诊治,从下文可知,Peter的妻子确实是让他去请医生。
2、填terrible。睡梦中的Peter听到妻子的惊叫声真以为她是在做一场“恶”梦。
3、填sleep。根据本节”Stop that noise”, “turned over”以及”again”等信息可推测Peter又“睡”了。
4、填dying。根据她急促的呼救声以及第7节中you will find me dead一句可以推知。
5、填too。根据本句句子结构和she could only cry选定。
6、填sure。从下一句话中可以得到暗示。
7、填till。从下一节他妻子的回答中可以判断,Peter希望她能一直坚持到早晨。
8、填or或otherwise。前后是选择关系。
9、填calling。从最后一节的but she called me back to say一句中可以得到暗示。10、填well。从I shall not want the doctor可知,她的身体又好了。
11、填fast。他飞跑的目的是为了尽快将这一好消息告诉医生。在表示运动速度快时,一般用fast。
12、填everyone或everybody。敲门声太大了,足以将“每个人”弄醒。
13、填good。他妻子转危为安,不再需要请医生了,这可谓是“好”消息。
14、填left。从So you need not come可知,疾病已“离”她而去。
15、填bed。由Go back to和and sleep well可以推知。
(三)
Walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small purse. It was lying on the sidewalk(人行道).I picked it up and opened it to 1.s_______ if I could find out the owner’s name. There was nothing inside it 2.e_______ some change and an old photo. I took the purse to the police station and handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I 3. l______ the sergeant took down my name and 4. a______ in case(以防)the owner might want to write and 5. t_____ me.
That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. A young woman had also been 6. i_______ so that there could be 7. f______ people at the table. Her face was familiar to me, but I could not 8. r_______ where and how I had seen her. In the course of conversation(谈话), however, the young woman happened to mention(提及)that she had lost a 9. p_______ with some change and an old photo, and that she had the photo taken in her childhood. All at once I 10. r_______ where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photo, though she was now much 11 o_______. She was very 12. s_______ ,of course, when I was able to tell her all about the purse. Then I explained that I had 13. r________ her from the photo I found in the purse. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately 14. f______ the purse. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was an amazing coincidence(惊人的巧合)that I had not only 15. f______ the purse but also the person who had lost it.
答案简析:
1、填see。打开钱包的目的就是要“看看”是否内有失主的姓名。
2、填except。nothing except(but)意为“只有”。
3、填left。根据行文逻辑推断。
4、填address。为便于联系,除了要记下姓名外,当然还应记下“住址”。
5、填thank。失主写信给拾者自然是为了“致谢”。
6、填invited。请人作客应用invite。
7、填four。四人是the young woman,my aunt, my uncle and I。
8、填remember。由转折连词but的用法可以推理。
9、填purse。从下文可知她丢失的是“女用钱包”。
10、填realized。从下一句可知作者已“意识到”在那儿见到过那位女人。
11、填older。与照片中年轻的时候相比,那位女人当然“老”多了。
12、填surprised。发现捡到钱包的人就在眼前,她一定会感到“惊讶”。
13、填recognized。从照片中“辨认出”她。
14、填for。for表示目的。
15、填found。find 表示“(偶然)发现”。
(四)
My hushand had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it the 1. v______ day, and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked 2. w_____ , but I couldn’t find 3. o_______ of my husband’s socks though I had looked 4. e______ for it.
The next morning, I got ready for 5. s_________ as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in. I greeted them and told them 6. w_______ we were going to do that day.
When I turned 7. a________ to write on the blackboard, the class burst out 8. l_______. They laughed and laughed. They laughed so 9. m_______, in fact, that I was 10. a______ the headmaster would be in to 11. s______ all this.
I asked the class to 12. s______, but the more I talked the more they laughed. So I thought I had better pay 13. n______ attention to them and continue to write on the blackboard. When I 14. d______ this, they laughed even more.
Before long, the teacher who had the room next to mine came to see 15. w_____ all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing too.
“Good heavens!” I said. “Will someone please tell me what is so 16. f_____ ”
“Oh, God,” said the teacher, “You have a brown 17. s______ stuck to the back of your shirt.”
So that’s 18. h______ I found my husband’s 19. m_______ sock.
“Oh, well,” I said to the class, “ Let’s just say you have had an unforgettable 20. l______ on static electricity(静电).”
答案简析:
1、 very。由第二节开头的the next morning可知洗衣机买回来的当天作者就用它洗
了衣服。
2、填well。与后一句形成对比。
3、填one。根据句末的it以及倒数第二节末句可知不见的袜子只有一只。
4、填everywhere。根据意义结合词的用法判定。
5、填school。作为教师,课前为教书做好准备是很自然的。
6、填what。通过分析句子结构,可知这里需填一个宾语,表示做的内容。
7、填around。turn around意为“转身”。
8、填laughing。空格后已再现了laugh一词。
9、填much。根据前后句可知学生们笑得甚是厉害。由第14空后的even more亦能得
到启示。
10、填afraid。学生如此笑个不停,因此“担心”校长会闻声而来,符合女教师此时
的心理。
11、填see。校长如果走入教室,结果肯定会“看见”所有这一切。
12、填stop。根据前后两句话可以推断出。
13、填no。由下文接着板书可推知女教师觉得最好“不”理会学生的行为。
14、填did。did为代动词,替代前面的动词pay和write。
15、填what。what用作about的宾语。
16、填funny。学生和她的同事都在笑,她真不知什么如此“滑稽可笑”。
17、填sock。根据下一节可以推测出。
18、填how。how表示方式。
19、填missing。该袜子就是前一天洗衣时“不见了”的那只。
20、填lesson。have a lesson意为“上课”。
(五)
Getting plenty of exercise is very important. I enjoy swimming very much. Last summer I went to the 1. s_______ every day. I plan to go there 2. t_______ summer too, but I may not be able to. I have a new 3. j______ . Sometimes I have to work until 4. _______ at night. Although I now work 5. m_______ hours than I used to, 6. y______ I do receive a larger salary. I didn’t receive much pay on my 7. o_____ job. I like my new job, 8. b______ if I had known that it would take up so much of my 9. f______ time, I would not have taken it. I prefer 10. s______ to making more money.
I have heard that riding a bike is good exercise. Maybe I will be able to 11. s_____ enough money to buy a bike. My neighbour, Mrs Wilson, has a bicycle that I could 12. b_______, but I would rather own my own bike. If I used 13. h_____, I would worry about 14. d_______ it. Since I make 15. m______ money now, I think that I can afford to buy my own. Getting a bike is really a good 16. i_______ ,because while I’m riding to and from, I will be getting 17. e_____ at the same time. It’s easier to get to the seaside on a bike, too. I might be able to go 18. s_____ every day after all. This new job is great! I’m very 19. e______. This will be a summer full of 20. e______.
答案简析:
1、 填seaside。根据第17空和第18空之间的内容可以推知。
1、 填this。与前一句的last summer形成对比。
1、 填job。根据第8空前的I like my new job确定。
1、 填late。根据本句语境和词汇搭配关系选定。
1、 填more。从句与主句意义上有转折关系,由主句中的薪水高可以推知现在的工作时
数却比以前“更多了”。
1、 填yet。前后意义相反,这里应填入一个转折性副词。
1、 填old。从与前一句的对比中可以推断出该空答案。
1、 填but。根据前后分句之间的关系不断确定。
1、 填free。由作者的后悔心理可知,长时间的工作占据了他太多的“闲暇”时间。
10、填swimming。由作者的后悔心理可以进一步推知他宁愿少一点收入,也要能坚持
参加“游泳”。
11、填save。根据空格后的enough money to buy a bike判定。
12、填borrow。根据行文逻辑不难作答。
13、填hers。这里显然指的是Wilson夫人的自行车。
14、填destroying。借用别人的自行车,所担心的要么是“丢失”,要么是“损坏”。
15、填more。根据下一句的can afford to buy可以认定。
16、填idea。骑自行车本身就是一种锻炼,而且有了自行车还可实现天天到海边去游
泳的愿望,可以购买一辆自行车确实是一个好“主意”。
17、 填exercise。依据常识和短文主题应为得到“锻炼”。
17、 填swimming。天天骑车去海边为的就是“游泳”。
17、 填 excited。新工作既挣钱很多,又不耽误锻炼,我自然很“兴奋”。
20、填exercise。与首句相照应。
三、选择型完形填空
自由完形填空、首字母提示完形填空属于主观性命题形式,而选择型完形填空则属于客观性命题形式。由于选择型完形填空答案唯一,评分客观、方便,多数考试愿意采用这一命题形式。做这类完形填空题时,仍要先通读全文,在把握全文大意的前提下,再结合所给选项逐一推敲答案。请看下面的例题:
(一)
When we want to tell other people what we think about, we can do it with the help of words or with the help of signs. We sometimes move our 1 up and down when we want to say “2 “, and from side to side when we want to say “no”.
People, who cannot hear or speak , talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not 3 each other’s language have to do the same. This story shows 4 they sometimes do it.
A man who could not speak 5 was once in Canada. One day he went to a 6 and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the man opened his mouth, put his 7 in it. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to 8 .”
The waiter soon bought him a cup of 9 . The man moved his hand from side to side. The waiter 10 him and took away the tea. In a moment he brought a cup of coffee and put it on the table. The man moved his head from side to side. He was very 11 but he did not want to drink. He shook his head when the waiter brought him a lot of 12 drinks, but drinks are not 13 , of course.
The man was about to 14 when another man came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hand on his 15 . That was 16 . In a few 17 , a large plate of meat and vegetable was brought in front of him.
Now you may 18 , people can not understand the 19 of 20 so well as the language of words.
1. A. fingers B. necks C. heads D. bodies
2. A. yes B. no C. certainly D. something
3. A. speak B. hear C. know D. understand
4. A. how B. why C. when D. where
5. A. British B. English C. Canadian D. Chinese
6. A. hotel B. restaurant C. shop D. school
7. A. arm B. wrist C. hand D. fingers
8. A. read B. write on C. eat D. drink
9. A. milk B. wine C. coffee D. tea
10.A. understood B. knew C. heard D. believed
11.A. tired B. angry C. hungry D. thirsty
12.A. same B. different C. pleasant D. unpleasant
13.A. meat B. vegetables C. rice D. food
14.A. leave B. speak C. eat D. drink
15.A. mouth B. head C. stomach D. back
16.A. enough B. more C. much D. good
17.A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. whiles
18.A. hear B. see C. observe D. find
19.A. speech B. use C. meaning D. language
20.A. heads B. hands C. signs D. fingers
答案简析:
1、选C。根据常识选定。从第九个空格后的一句话中也能得到启示。
2、选A。与后一分句中的no形成对比。
3、选D。A、B两项较为片面;C、D两项相比,D更精确。
4、选A。how表示方式。该句可以被视作文章的主题句,下文都是围绕它来展开的。
5、选B。加拿大的主要语言也为英语。
6、选B。就餐应到“饭店”。
7、选D。根据常识。
8、选C。根据下文,那个人是想“吃”东西。
9、选D。根据第10个空格后的and took away the tea可知。
10、选A。从后面侍者又给他端来一杯咖啡来看,侍者好像已“明白”了他的意思。
11、选C。与but he didn’t want to drink形成对比。
12、选B。从后一分句来看,侍者为他端来的仍是各种“不同的”饮料。
13、选D。与drinks形成对比。A、B、C三项的内容均带有片面性。
14、选A。那人始终不能得到他所需的东西,只得“离开”此店,转入另家。
15、选C。根据上文可排除A,根据常识可排除B、D。
16、选A。那就“足够”了。
17、选B。根据常识较容易排除另三项。
18、选B。see意为“明白”;另三项不合语义。
19、选D。从后面的the language of words 中可得到启示。
20、选C。与后面的the language of words形成对比。
(二)
Football is, I suppose, the most popular games in England. One had only to go to one of the important 1 to see this. One can see kinds of people there, shouting and 2 for one side or the other.
One of the most 3 thing about football in England to a stranger is the 4_____ knowledge of the game which even the 5 seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in 6 of the important teams. He 7 photos of them and knows the result of large numbers of matches. He will tell you 8 he expects will win such and such a match, 9 his opinion is usually as 10 as that of men three or four times his 11 .
Most schools in England take 12 seriously—much more seriously than nearly all the schools in other countries, 13 lessons are all important and games are left for one’s own arrangements(安排). In England, it is believed that 14 is not only a matter of filling a boy’s mind with facts in the 15 ; it also means character training; and one of the 16 ways of training character is by means of games, 17 team games, where the boy has to learn to 18 with others for his team, instead of working just for himself alone. The school therefore arranges games and matches for its 19 . Football is a good team game and it is good exercise for 20 .
1. A. games B. matches C. sports D. sports meet
2. A. fighting B. jumping C. laughing D. cheering
3. A. exciting B. pleasant C. surprising D. disappointing
4. A. great B. interesting C. limited D. useless
5. A. smallest boy B. oldest man C. shortest child D. most stupid child
6. A. none B. each C. few D. most
7. A. has B. takes C. accepts D. gains
8. A. why B. which C. who D. whom
9. A. but B. and C. however D. because
10.A. same B. useless C. many D. valuable
11.A. experience B. height C. age D. size
12.A. matches B. football C. education D. pupils
13.A. where B. there C. their D. because
14.A. learning B. education C. a textbook D. physical education
15.A. school B. lab C. library D. classroom
16.A. quickest B. cheapest C. best D. modernest
17.A. especially B. usually C. seldom D. hardly
18.A. fight B. struggle C. work D. study
19.A. teachers B. pupils C. players D. team
20.A. eyesight B. head C. foot D. body
答案简析:
1、选B。根据第一节最后一句可排除C、D,match和game均可表示(球)赛,在英国用前者,美国用后者。(本文中出现的game意为“运动”),另从第八个空格前的large numbers of matches中也可得到启示。
2、选D。cheer意为“喝彩”,根据常识和句子前后内容可排除另三项。
3、选C。从后文可知英国的孩子在这项运动方面的知识之渊博着实“令人惊讶”。
4、选A。根据下文意思可以推测出。
5、选A。根据空格10—11之间的内容可推断出。
6、选D。B有悖于常识,A、C有悖于语境。
7、选A。凭语感可判断出。
8、选C。分析句子结构可知,he expects为插入语,宾语从句中缺少一个指人的主语。
9、选B。这里表示的是递进关系,而非转折关系,故不填A、C,也不是因果关系,这样D也应排除。
10、选D。小孩子们在足球方面的知识是如此丰富,因此,他们在这一方面的见解应和成人们一样“富有价值”。
11、选C。根据常识较易选定。
12、选B。根据上下文很容易推断出。
13、选A。where引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。
14、选B。由后面的解析性文字可知。
15、选D。传授知识一般是在“教室”中进行的,此外,B、C不合乎常情,A项内容不够具体,针对性不强,这样进一步证明答案应为D。
16、选C。根据后面的内容推断。
17、选A。especially表示在意义上更进了一步。
18、选C。根据后面的instead of working选定。
19、选B。根据常识。
20、选D。其它三项不能概全,具有片面性。
(三)
I don’t often lose things and I’m especially careful with money. So I was quite 1____ when I 2______ for my wallet and it wasn’t there. 3_____ I thought it was 4_____ that I could have 5______ it at home. Then I remembered taking it out to 6_____ the taxi. So I knew I had it with me just before I walked into the 7____.I wondered if it was possible that it could have slipped(滑)out of my pocket while I was eating dinner. Thinking about that possibility, I 8_____ and walked back to the table where I had been sitting. I asked the waiter to go around the table to see if my wallet was on the 9_____. While the waiter was looking for it, the manager of the restaurant came up to me and asked me if 10_____ was 11____. I didn’t want to get lots of people involved(卷入)in the 12_____, but I knew I had to get the wallet back. I told the 13_____ what had happened. He 14_____ me to describe(描绘)the wallet to him and when he insisted what I 15______the missing wallet to the police. But I didn’t want the police to involve in it; 16_____, I was in a hurry 17_____ I had an appointment(约会)with my doctor in just a few minutes. I explained to him that my great 18______ at the moment was how I could pay the bill. He told me not to worry about that. He had me put 19______ my name and 20_____, and he said he would sent me a bill.
1. A. sad B. angry C. surprised D. calm
2. A. reached B. went C. asked D. hoped
3. A. First B. At first C. First of all D. Above all
4. A. natural B. certain C. impossible D. possible
5. A. forgot B. left C. remained D. put
6. A. pay B. pay for C. spend on D. use for
7. A. bank B. taxi C. dinning-room D. restaurant
8. A. turned around B. turned back C. returned D. returned back
9. A. taxi B. pocket C. floor D. table
10. A. it B. what C. something D. anything
11. A. wrong B. unfair C. missing D. lost
12. A. incident B. accident C. problem D. question
13. A. taxi driver B. policeman C. waiter D. manager
14. A. suggested B. hoped C. asked D. let
15. A. report B. tell C. give D. hand in
16. A. except B. besides C. however D. and
17. A. because B. before C. until D. so that
18. A. interest B. worry C. disappointment D. anger
19. A. out B. off C. away D. down
20. A. car number B. phone number C. address D. house
答案简析:
1、选C。由于自己一贯对钱小心,所以当发现有钱的皮夹子不见时,一定会感到“惊讶”。
2、选A。reach for意为“伸手去拿”,另三项不合语意。
3、选B。at first“起初”与下一句的“then”形成对比。
4、选D。可从第七个空格后的一句话中得到启示;A、B有悖于could have…所揭示的语气,C不合语意。
5、选B。“把……忘在某地”英语习惯说leave something somewhere。
6、选B。可从词的搭配和用法这一角度去考虑。
7、选D。根据下文可知,文中的我曾去过“饭店”。
8、选A。 turn around“转身”符合语境。turn back=return意为“回来(去)”,与紧接着的walk back在逻辑上是矛盾的。
9、选C。根据空格前的go around the table可以推断出。
10、选D。根据句子意思和something与anything在条件句中的用法选定。
11、选A。wrong意为“不正常的”,从上下文可以推测,饭店的经理还不知道是什么事,故应排除B、C、D。
12、选C。problem意为“疑难事”,根据词的意义和用法可排除另三项。
13、选D。从上文可知,告诉的对象应是“经理”。
14、选C。suggest, hope 不接sb. to do , let后接不定式时不带to。
15、选A。已丢失的皮夹子不可能“再去给”警察,故应排除C、D,tell不及report正式,在此宜用后者。
16、选B。besides意为“再说”,符合语境。连词and后不能单独充当句子成分,except和however与语境不符。
17、选A。前后之间是因果关系。
18、选B。how I could pay the bill是文中的我此刻最大的“忧愁”。且下一句中又再现了worry这个词。
19、选D。put down在此意为“记下”。
20、选C。由send me a bill可以推知记下的应是姓名和地址。
(四)
Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a 1______ people, loved their country dearly. They fought hard against the enemy. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would 2______.
One night, the Scots came to the top of a 3_____. “We will rest here tonight,” said the leader. “Tomorrow we will fight one 4_____ battle. We must win, 5____we will die.”
They were all very 6_____ . So they had their 7______ quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on 8______, but they too were very tired, and soon they 9_____ fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they 10______ at the foot of the hill. Soon they were up the hillside, close to the 11_____ Scots, and 12_____ at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. 13_____, one of them put his foot on a thistle(一种带刺的植物). He 14____ and this 15_____ the Scots. In a minute they were on their feet and 16_____ for battle. Finally the Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp 17_____ all over it. 18_____people liked it. But the people of 19______ liked it so much that they made it their 20_____ flower.
1. A. kind B. powerful C. brave D. hard-working
2. A. succeed B. win C. fail D. give in
3. A. tower B. mountain C. hill D. hillside
4. A. last B. other C. more D. real
5. A. otherwise B. unless C. until D. and
6. A. asleep B. tired C. hungry D. excited
7. A. party B. meeting C. bath D. supper
8. A. business B. watch C. attention D. top
9. A. also B. still C. immediately D. nearly
10.A. surrounded B. searched C. spread D. gathered
11.A. worried B. waiting C. sleeping D. tired
12.A. hardly B. only C. already D. nearly
13.A. Immediately B. Suddenly C. Strangely D. Unfortunately
14.A. woke up B. got up C. cried out D. turned over
15.A. encouraged B. surprised C. terrified D. woke
16.A. proud B. afraid C. ready D. anxious
17.A. sticks B. branches C. leaves D. needles
18.A. Few B. A few C. Many D. All
19.A. England B. Scotland C. Rome D. Italy
20.A. national B. state C. city D. army
答案简析:
1、选C。从They fought hard against the enemy可知,他们很“勇敢”,选项B也易排除,因为他们相对于敌人来说,并不“强大”。
2、选B。根据there were too many of the Romans可以判断出,罗马人似乎要“赢”。
3、选C。根据第十个空格后的hill和hillside可以得到暗示。
4、选A。根据下一句可知,第二天他们将进行“最后”一战。
5、选A。根据前后意义的对比选定。
6、选B。根据下一句可知,他们十分“劳累”,从but they too were tired中也可得
到暗示。
7、选D。凭语感。
8、选B。on watch意为“了望放哨”。
9、选A。根据前面的fell asleep可以推断出。
10、选D。gather“聚集、汇合”,符合语境。
11、选C。 从The Romans were not asleep一句中可得到暗示。
12、选D。 根据词的用法可排除A,根据语境可排除B、C。
13、选B。凭语感。
14、选C。睡梦中把脚放到了带刺的花上,自然会“叫”起来,另根据后一分句可排除A、B、D。
15、选D。他这一叫,惊“醒”了苏格兰人。
16、选C。be ready for battle“做好了战斗的准备”。
17、选D。由于是带刺的花,可以想见四周定是长满了“刺”(nedle)。
18、选A。与But the people…形成对比。
19、选B。根据全文可知应是“苏格兰人”。
20、选A。national意为“民族的、国家的”;state作“国家”讲时,强调其政体,city、army不合语境。
(五)
A doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburgh. A man, who was 1_____, was brought in, and the doctor turned to 2____ of the students and asked,” What’s 3______ with this man ”
“ I don’t know, sir,” the student answered. “4______ I examine him and 5_____ ”
“There is no 6_____ to examine him,” said the doctor. “You 7_____ know without asking questions. He has 8_____ his right knee. Didn’t you notice the way he 9____ He hurt it by burning it in the fire. You see his 10_____ burnt away at the 11____. This is Monday morning. Yesterday was 12_____, but on Saturday the roads were 13______ and muddy. The man’s trousers are muddy all over. The man fell down on 14______ night.
The doctor then 15_______ to the man and said: “ You 16______ your wages on Saturday and went to a restaurant and 17_____ too much. You got wet and muddy on the way to 18____. You tried to 19_____ your clothes over the fire when you got home. Because you had drunk too much, you 20_____ on the fire and burnt your knee. Is that right ” “Quite right,” said the man.
1. A. injured B. ill C. drunk D. wet
2. A. each B. one C. some D. all
3. A. illness B. trouble C. matter D. wrong
4. A. Must B. Need C. Shall D. Will
5. A. tell B. discover C. find D. find out
6. A. man B. instrument C. time D. need
7. A. should B. might C. can’t D. needn’t
8. A. wounded B. hurt C. broke D. hit
9. A. drank B. talked C. walked D. looked
10.A. trousers B. dress C. right leg D. left leg
11.A. front B. foot C. knee D. end
12.A. good B. fine C. rainy D. cold
13.A. crowded B. wide C. dry D. wet
14.A. Saturday B. Sunday C. Monday D. that
15.A. walked B. pointed C. turned D. referred
16.A. accepted B. got C. asked for D. paid
17.A. ate B. drunk C. slept D. walked
18.A. the restaurant B. our hospital C. your office D. your house
19.A. examine B. wash C. dry D. take off
20.A. fell B. leaned C. slept D. sat
答案简析:
1、选A。根据第二十个空格后的burnt your knee可知,另B不及A具体,故应予排除。
2、选B。根据第二节中the student answered可以推断。
3、选D。从词语搭配角度考虑,B、C缺定冠词the。
4、选C。shall I …?是表示请求的一种句式。
5、选D。依据词的用法可选定,find out在此表示通过一定的方式而“查明”。
6、选D。从下一句话中可知没“必要”检查。
7、选A。B不合语气,C、D不合语义。
8、选B。He hurt it by …一句中再现了该词。
9、选C。从He has hurt his right knee一句中可以推知。
10、选A。依据第二十空后的内容可这样推测:烘干裤子时既已烧伤了腿,也就会烧坏
裤子。
11、选C。由于是膝盖被烧伤的,故裤子也应是膝盖处被烧坏。
12、选B。前后分句形式对比。另根据词的用法可排除A。
13、选D。由and muddy可以推知。
14、选A。从yesterday was fine, but on Saturday the roads were wet and muddy一句可推知:他是“周六”晚上在路上跌倒的。
15、选C。前面是同学生们讲话,后来又转向那个受伤的人。
16、选B。从词的用法角度考虑。
17、选B。根据后面的Because you had drink too much可知。
18、选D。从When you get home可以推知。
19、选C。在火炉上当然是为了“烘干”衣服。
20、选A。依据常识。
(六)
Now the Greeks and Persians(波斯人)were enemies. Many fights had been 1____ or lost by both sides. But the bad news reached Athens(雅典). The 2_____ had an army of 2000 men. They were coming to the Greece 3_____. They wanted to 4_____ the whole country of Greece. The army of Athens was 5_____ half that size.
The enemy soldiers were 6_____ Greek land. A famous fight 7_____ in Marathon. As the fighting began, the Greeks found themselves on a hill. The Persians were 8______ them. Soon the Persians knew that their arrows were not 9_____, and they ran back to their ships. The Greeks 10_____ the fight.
The soldiers of Athens were very 11______. They wanted to tell the people of Athens about the 12_____. Pheidippides decided that he must carry the good news to Athens. So he started running towards the 13______.
His feet seemed to have wings. He was running 14_____ than ever before in his life. He never stopped to think about how 15______ it was to Athens. 16_____was over twenty miles away from Marathon.
The 17_____ soldier did not stop running until he reached the market place with his last breath. He shouted “The fight is over and Greece is 18_____!”and he fell 19_____.
Pheidippides had run the longest race. Even today, the longest race in the Olympic Games is called a 20______ race.
1. A. won B. defeated C. fought D. carried out
2. A. Greeks B. Athens C. Persians D. enemies
3. A. on foot B. on horses C. in carriages D. in ships
4. A. destroy B. conquer C. rebuild D. settle in
5. A. even B. almost C. really D. only
6. A. on B. outside C. away from D. near to
7. A. went on B. took place C. burst forth D. ended
8. A. above B. beside C. below D. under
9. A. big B. long C. many D. strong
10.A. lost B. failed C. won D. gained
11.A. happy B. sad C. surprised D. disappointed
12.A. success B. victory C. failure D. Persians
13.A. village B. city C. country D. goal
14.A. slower B. farther C. faster D. more
15.A. soon B. far C. long D. distance
16.A. Athens B. Greece C. Persians D. The hill
17.A. kind B. hard-working C. brave D. worried
18.A. safe B. dangerous C. over D. hopeful
19.A. asleep B. ill C. wounded D. dead
20.A. Greek B. Athens C. Pheidippides D. Marathon
答案简析:
1、选A。与lost形成对比。
2、选C。从文章的首句可以推知。选项D不及C具体,应舍去。
3、选D。从第九个空格后的to their ships可以推知。
4、选B。根据常识可知。
5、选D。根据语感可推知。另三个词所表达的意义相对较为积极。
6、选A。战斗既然已在希腊的土地上打响,那么敌人也一定已经来到了希腊。
7、选B。根据词义可排除A、C、D三项。
8、选C。与前一句中的on a hill形成对比,另under表示在垂直的下方,在此不合逻辑。
9、选D。分析前后句意义可知。
10、选C。波斯人撤退了,自然希腊人“赢得”了胜利。
11、选A。赢得了胜利当然“高兴”了。
12、选B。根据上下文选定。
13、选B。雅典是一个“城市”。
14、选C。从His feet seemed to have wings一句中可得到暗示。
15、选B。根据下一句话可以推知。
16、选A。根据上一句话可以推知。
17、选C。另三项不合语境。
18、选A。从前一分句的内容可推知。
19、选D。根据with his last breath可以推知。
20、选D。根据常识可知。
(七)
Once a man lost his umbrella. He put an advertisement(广告)in the newspaper, but without 1_____. So one day he came to one of his friends, a 2_____, for 3_____. His friend asked him 4______ he had written the advertisement.
The man gave it to him, “5______ at the London Church a black umbrella. 6_____ finds it and leaves it will 7_____ ten pounds.”
His friend had put 8______ advertisements in newspapers because of his business. He thought the way of writing was of great 9_____. So he 10_____ him to write in another 11______.
The next day, such an advertisement appeared in the 12_____, “If the man who was seen to 13____ an umbrella from the London Church doesn’t want to get into trouble, he 14_____ return it to No.20 Broad Street.”
The next morning, the man was very 15_____ to see in front of the door 16____ twelve umbrellas of all size and colors. His umbrella was also 17_____ them.
Many of them had notes, which said they had been taken by 18_____, and 19____the man not to say anything about the 20_____.
1. A. use B. news C. result D. umbrella
2. A. worker B. merchant C. writer D. news reporter
3. A. newspaper B. advertisement C. information D. help
4. A. how B. why C. when D. what
5. A. Lost B. Missed C. Stolen D. Bought
6. A. Who B. Whoever C. Who ever D. The person
7. A. accept B. receive C. find D. reward
8. A. wonderful B. interesting C. many D. successful
9. A. interest B. value C. use D. importance
10.A. helped B. suggested C. wanted D. insisted
11.A. saying B. newspaper C. language D. way
12.A. poster B. newspaper C. church D. city
13.A. find B. rob C. bring D. take
14.A. can B. may C. will D. ought
15.A. moved B. happy C. surprised D. sorry
16.A. at least B. at most C. no more than D. not more than
17.A. under B. beside C. between D.