定语从句复习
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课件45张PPT。定语从句总复习明确概念: 当一个定语由一个句子充当时叫定从
而被修饰的词就叫先行词
引导定从的词叫关系词(关系代词或关系副词) 定语从句是相当于形容词用,后置修饰名词的分句。 由关系代词
和副词 引导。可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词（Antecedent）。that,which,who,whom,whose,as where,when,why 人 主语人 宾人/物定人/物主/宾物时间地点原因时间状语 地点状语原因状语主/宾 焦点1：关系代词、关系副词
人 作主语人 作宾语物 作主语物 宾语 表地点的名词 作地点状语指人或物 作定语表时间的名词 作时间状语 reason 作原因状语who/that who/that/whom/ 省略 which/that which/that/省略 whose when wherewhy
考点一:如何选用适当的关系词
使用还原原则
1.找准先行词,再把先行词还原到定语从句中,看先行词在定从中充当什么成分来确定用哪个关系词.1.who,whom 指人，分别作主语和宾语（可省去）
The man _________ is perfectly pleased with present is a failure.
I ‘m waiting for the man _________ my grandfather want to see.who/thatwho/whom/that 2.which 指物， 在从句中作主语或宾语。
Is this the book __________ she was looking for?
Diamond is the hardest natural substance __________ is known.that that/which3.that 指人，指物，在从句中作主语和宾语（可省）。
I saw the boy _________lost his book .
Did you see the mail ___________came yesterday?
He is the man ______________ you should know.who/that that /whichthat /who/whom This is the student ________pronunciation is the best in our class.
The building ________windows
face south was broken last year. 4.whose 指人和物，“…的”whosewhose5. as,多和 the same/such 连用，构成the same/such…as的结构，“和…相似”He is not such a fool ____ he looks.as关系副词Where/when/why This is a place _______________I spent my happy childhood?
This is the place __________ we visited last year?1.where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+which” where /in which (that/which)2.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。
We all look forward to the day ________a medical way can cure cancer.
when 3.why在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，这时关系副词可用for which/ why 来代替。但如果在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或whichDo you know the reason __________ he was absent today?why/for which1. The teachers _____ are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family ______ consists of 4 girls and 46 boys.
3. Yao Hui is the boy _______ English study is very good in our class.
4. The school _______ we are studying is very famous.
5.I like the book ______________ you bought yesterday.
wherewhowhosewhich先找出先行词再确定在从句充当的成分：which/that/省略<<备考指南>> 16页 IV考点二:关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that《备考指南》245页All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ?
Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better ?
Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow ? that thatWho做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 避免重复。考点三:不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况He made the same mistakes again ,________ made his parents very angry.
Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
My uncle has come back from abroad,________ I haven’t met for along time.
Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.whichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中或在介词后，不能用thatwhich 只用which原则
引导非限制定语从句
用于介词后面不能省略!
遵循关系代词避免重复原则。
考点3：介词+关系代词当将先行词还原回定从中发现先行词在定从中充当介宾可将介词提前构成
“介词 + which/whom” 结构
不能用 “介词+ that”关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper _______ you often write articles?
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ______ I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year ______ the P.R.C. was founded.for whichabout which in which填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ 不填/whichthat /不填/in which缺状语缺宾语考点4：the way用做先行词凡是the way 作先行词引导词都可以that或不填,但填which还是in which要判断the way在定从中的充当的成分.The way 做先行词关系代词的选用有以下情况：A: in which
I was surprised by the way in which she speaks.
B: that
Can you tell me the way that you solved the problem?
C: 省略
I was surprised by the way she speaks.4. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
5. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：as的用法 《金手指》288页用asthatwhich填空
1. It is a big stone ___________ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
3. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthatwhich/that/省略as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容, as位置较灵活可放在句首句中及句末, 意为“正如、恰如”。而which只能紧跟先行词意思为 “这…”
as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as结构，做题时容易忽略.
as 一般表一致性,如果不一致时一般不能用as
She has married such a man, which was unexpected.
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where 引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中” 。考查定语从句与其他相关句型的区别1、考查定语从句与并列句的区别She thought I was talking about her daughter,
_____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A.whom B.where C.which D.while比较：
(1)Soon they came to a farmhouse, and _____ roof
was much higher than others.
(2) Soon they came to a farmhouse, _____ roof was
much higher than others.
A.which B.whose C.that D.its
itswhose2、考查定语从句与状语从句的区别(1)When you read the book,you’d better make
a mark _____ you have any questions.
A.at which B.at where
C.the place where D.where (2)After the war, a new school building was put
up at a place_____ there had once been a
theatre.
A.which B.where C.at that D.that
比较：
(1)It is such a modern machine _____ few of
the workers know how to operate it.
(2) It is such a modern machine _____ few of
the workers know how to operate.
A.as B.which C./ D.thatthatas3、考查定语从句与名词性从句的区别比较： 定语从句与同位语从句
(1)The fact puzzled me much _____ I have been
unable to pass the driving test up to now.
(2) Do you understand the fact __________ he
explained to you just now?
A.that B.which C.the one D.asthat(that / which)比较：定语从句与主语从句
(1)_____ is well known to us all, the earth goes
around the sun.
(2)_____ is well known to us all that the earth
goes around the sun.
A.That B.As C.It D.WhichAsIt 4、考查定语从句与强调句型的区别
(1)It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not
where you come from or what you are.
A.one B.that C.what D.it比较：
(1)It is this street _____ I happened to meet him.
(2)It is in this street _____ I happened to meet
him.
A.that B.where C.which D.from whichwherethat定语从句常见错误例析1、省去作主语的关系代词(1)The changes have taken place in the past few
years make the city look even more beautiful. The changes that have taken place in the past few
years make the city look even more beautiful.(2)Those want to visit the art exhibition sign
your names, please.Those who want to visit the art exhibition
sign your names, please.××2、从句中使用冗余的人称代词或副词(1)The compositions we handed them in two
weeks ago haven’t been marked yet. (2)After living in Paris for 50 years, he
returned to the small town where he grow
up as a child there.3、as 与 it, which 混用(1)It has been mentioned above, the number of
senior high school students is increasing. As has been mentioned above, the number
of senior high school students is increasing.(2)As is known to all that smoking does harm to health. It is known to all that smoking does harm to health.As is known to all, smoking does harm to health××(3)Tom drinks a lot every day, as his wife
doesn’t like at all. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife
doesn’t like at all.4、从句中误用人称代词或物主代词China has hundreds of islands, the largest
of them is Taiwan. China has hundreds of islands, the largest of
which is Taiwan.
China has hundreds of islands, and the largest
of them is Taiwan××(2) He has two sons, both of them are doctors.He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.He has two sons, and both of them are doctors.(3)The boss in his department Ms King worked
looked down upon women. The boss in whose department Ms King
worked looked down upon women.××5、关系代词与关系副词混用(1)What I miss badly are those happy hours
when I spent together with them. What I miss badly are those happy hours
(that/which) I spent together with them.(2) I live in Hong Kong, where is the Special
Administrative Zone. I live in Hong Kong, which is the Special
Administrative Zone.××6、一致问题(1)I, who is your close friend, will certainly help
you when in trouble. I, who am your close friend, will certainly help
you when in trouble(2)This is the only one of the tape-recorders in
the sound lab that don’t need repairing.This is the only one of the tape-recorders in
the sound lab that doesn't need repairing.
××能力提升 Our class is a big family ; It consists of 4 girls and 46 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Xiao Ming is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.定语从句的运用 Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy as we all like.根据下列句子，完成短文。 众所周知，2010年广州将举办亚运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高中学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句. As is known to all, Guangzhou will host the 2010 Asian Games . English, which is an international language ,will play an important part in communicating with foreigners. We Senior students should seize/ catch this opportunity to learn it well, by which we can make our contributions to the Olympic Games.定从的翻译
1.我永远也忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天.
2. 他妈妈每天都做运动,这对她身体很有帮助.
3. 请给我看一下那本封面是红色的书.
4. 我打电话的原因是想请你参加会议.
5. 这是我爸爸工作的工厂(用where作引导词)
而被修饰的词就叫先行词
引导定从的词叫关系词(关系代词或关系副词) 定语从句是相当于形容词用,后置修饰名词的分句。 由关系代词
和副词 引导。可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词（Antecedent）。that,which,who,whom,whose,as where,when,why 人 主语人 宾人/物定人/物主/宾物时间地点原因时间状语 地点状语原因状语主/宾 焦点1：关系代词、关系副词
人 作主语人 作宾语物 作主语物 宾语 表地点的名词 作地点状语指人或物 作定语表时间的名词 作时间状语 reason 作原因状语who/that who/that/whom/ 省略 which/that which/that/省略 whose when wherewhy
考点一:如何选用适当的关系词
使用还原原则
1.找准先行词,再把先行词还原到定语从句中,看先行词在定从中充当什么成分来确定用哪个关系词.1.who,whom 指人，分别作主语和宾语（可省去）
The man _________ is perfectly pleased with present is a failure.
I ‘m waiting for the man _________ my grandfather want to see.who/thatwho/whom/that 2.which 指物， 在从句中作主语或宾语。
Is this the book __________ she was looking for?
Diamond is the hardest natural substance __________ is known.that that/which3.that 指人，指物，在从句中作主语和宾语（可省）。
I saw the boy _________lost his book .
Did you see the mail ___________came yesterday?
He is the man ______________ you should know.who/that that /whichthat /who/whom This is the student ________pronunciation is the best in our class.
The building ________windows
face south was broken last year. 4.whose 指人和物，“…的”whosewhose5. as,多和 the same/such 连用，构成the same/such…as的结构，“和…相似”He is not such a fool ____ he looks.as关系副词Where/when/why This is a place _______________I spent my happy childhood?
This is the place __________ we visited last year?1.where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+which” where /in which (that/which)2.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。
We all look forward to the day ________a medical way can cure cancer.
when 3.why在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，这时关系副词可用for which/ why 来代替。但如果在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或whichDo you know the reason __________ he was absent today?why/for which1. The teachers _____ are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family ______ consists of 4 girls and 46 boys.
3. Yao Hui is the boy _______ English study is very good in our class.
4. The school _______ we are studying is very famous.
5.I like the book ______________ you bought yesterday.
wherewhowhosewhich先找出先行词再确定在从句充当的成分：which/that/省略<<备考指南>> 16页 IV考点二:关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that《备考指南》245页All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ?
Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better ?
Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow ? that thatWho做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 避免重复。考点三:不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况He made the same mistakes again ,________ made his parents very angry.
Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
My uncle has come back from abroad,________ I haven’t met for along time.
Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.whichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中或在介词后，不能用thatwhich 只用which原则
引导非限制定语从句
用于介词后面不能省略!
遵循关系代词避免重复原则。
考点3：介词+关系代词当将先行词还原回定从中发现先行词在定从中充当介宾可将介词提前构成
“介词 + which/whom” 结构
不能用 “介词+ that”关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper _______ you often write articles?
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ______ I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year ______ the P.R.C. was founded.for whichabout which in which填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ 不填/whichthat /不填/in which缺状语缺宾语考点4：the way用做先行词凡是the way 作先行词引导词都可以that或不填,但填which还是in which要判断the way在定从中的充当的成分.The way 做先行词关系代词的选用有以下情况：A: in which
I was surprised by the way in which she speaks.
B: that
Can you tell me the way that you solved the problem?
C: 省略
I was surprised by the way she speaks.4. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
5. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：as的用法 《金手指》288页用asthatwhich填空
1. It is a big stone ___________ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
3. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthatwhich/that/省略as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容, as位置较灵活可放在句首句中及句末, 意为“正如、恰如”。而which只能紧跟先行词意思为 “这…”
as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as结构，做题时容易忽略.
as 一般表一致性,如果不一致时一般不能用as
She has married such a man, which was unexpected.
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where 引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中” 。考查定语从句与其他相关句型的区别1、考查定语从句与并列句的区别She thought I was talking about her daughter,
_____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A.whom B.where C.which D.while比较：
(1)Soon they came to a farmhouse, and _____ roof
was much higher than others.
(2) Soon they came to a farmhouse, _____ roof was
much higher than others.
A.which B.whose C.that D.its
itswhose2、考查定语从句与状语从句的区别(1)When you read the book,you’d better make
a mark _____ you have any questions.
A.at which B.at where
C.the place where D.where (2)After the war, a new school building was put
up at a place_____ there had once been a
theatre.
A.which B.where C.at that D.that
比较：
(1)It is such a modern machine _____ few of
the workers know how to operate it.
(2) It is such a modern machine _____ few of
the workers know how to operate.
A.as B.which C./ D.thatthatas3、考查定语从句与名词性从句的区别比较： 定语从句与同位语从句
(1)The fact puzzled me much _____ I have been
unable to pass the driving test up to now.
(2) Do you understand the fact __________ he
explained to you just now?
A.that B.which C.the one D.asthat(that / which)比较：定语从句与主语从句
(1)_____ is well known to us all, the earth goes
around the sun.
(2)_____ is well known to us all that the earth
goes around the sun.
A.That B.As C.It D.WhichAsIt 4、考查定语从句与强调句型的区别
(1)It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not
where you come from or what you are.
A.one B.that C.what D.it比较：
(1)It is this street _____ I happened to meet him.
(2)It is in this street _____ I happened to meet
him.
A.that B.where C.which D.from whichwherethat定语从句常见错误例析1、省去作主语的关系代词(1)The changes have taken place in the past few
years make the city look even more beautiful. The changes that have taken place in the past few
years make the city look even more beautiful.(2)Those want to visit the art exhibition sign
your names, please.Those who want to visit the art exhibition
sign your names, please.××2、从句中使用冗余的人称代词或副词(1)The compositions we handed them in two
weeks ago haven’t been marked yet. (2)After living in Paris for 50 years, he
returned to the small town where he grow
up as a child there.3、as 与 it, which 混用(1)It has been mentioned above, the number of
senior high school students is increasing. As has been mentioned above, the number
of senior high school students is increasing.(2)As is known to all that smoking does harm to health. It is known to all that smoking does harm to health.As is known to all, smoking does harm to health××(3)Tom drinks a lot every day, as his wife
doesn’t like at all. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife
doesn’t like at all.4、从句中误用人称代词或物主代词China has hundreds of islands, the largest
of them is Taiwan. China has hundreds of islands, the largest of
which is Taiwan.
China has hundreds of islands, and the largest
of them is Taiwan××(2) He has two sons, both of them are doctors.He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.He has two sons, and both of them are doctors.(3)The boss in his department Ms King worked
looked down upon women. The boss in whose department Ms King
worked looked down upon women.××5、关系代词与关系副词混用(1)What I miss badly are those happy hours
when I spent together with them. What I miss badly are those happy hours
(that/which) I spent together with them.(2) I live in Hong Kong, where is the Special
Administrative Zone. I live in Hong Kong, which is the Special
Administrative Zone.××6、一致问题(1)I, who is your close friend, will certainly help
you when in trouble. I, who am your close friend, will certainly help
you when in trouble(2)This is the only one of the tape-recorders in
the sound lab that don’t need repairing.This is the only one of the tape-recorders in
the sound lab that doesn't need repairing.
××能力提升 Our class is a big family ; It consists of 4 girls and 46 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Xiao Ming is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.定语从句的运用 Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy as we all like.根据下列句子，完成短文。 众所周知，2010年广州将举办亚运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高中学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句. As is known to all, Guangzhou will host the 2010 Asian Games . English, which is an international language ,will play an important part in communicating with foreigners. We Senior students should seize/ catch this opportunity to learn it well, by which we can make our contributions to the Olympic Games.定从的翻译
1.我永远也忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天.
2. 他妈妈每天都做运动,这对她身体很有帮助.
3. 请给我看一下那本封面是红色的书.
4. 我打电话的原因是想请你参加会议.
5. 这是我爸爸工作的工厂(用where作引导词)