试题解题技巧(陕西省西安市雁塔区)
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高考英语试题解题技巧
一.听力理解
二.单项填空
三.完形填空
四.阅读理解
五.短文改错
六.书面表达
一.听力理解
1.理解对话的主旨、要义。
2.获取事实性的具体信息如:时间、
地点、数字、价格等。
3.对对话发生的背景、地点，说话者
之间的关系等做出简单的判断。
4.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
二.单项填空
1.抓住题目的关键词
1) The line was busy; someone _________
the phone.
A. may be busy B. may have used
C. must have been using D. must be using
2) ----Do you feel like ______ in bed on Sundays
----Yes, but I’m always too busy _____ so.
A. to lie; doing B. lie; doing
C. lying; doing D. lying; to do
2. 根据情景确定答案
1) ----Why didn’t you ring me up
---- I would have, but I your telephone
number.
A. have forgotten B. had lost
C. forgot D. would have lost
2) He ______ sleeping pills, for he didn’t
wake up till lunch time.
A. must have taken B. should have taken
C. would have taken D. had surely taken
3.理清句子结构
1) Who would you rather ______ the report
instead of you
A. have write B. have to write
C. write D. have written
2) It was five o’clock in the afternoon ____
they arrived at the hotel.
A. since B. before C. that D. when
三.完形填空
1.试题类型 ①习惯用法型
②语法型
③词语型
④推断型
2.解题技巧
1).细读首句,启示全文
由首句判断文章体裁, 推测文章大意,
揭示故事发生的人物\时间、地点、气氛等.
2).通读全文，掌握大意
把短文从头到尾快速“跳读”一遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意．
3）瞻前顾后，先易后难,综合运用知识
①词汇
②习惯用语
③语法
④逻辑推理
4）复读全文，修改确定答案
四.阅读理解
1.常见题型 ① 事实询问题
② 推理判断题
③ 数据推算题
④ 识图解意题
⑤ 主旨大意题
⑥ 常识题
2.解题技巧
1）事实询问题
此类题主要以 what, who, which,
when, where, how, why等词引导问句，
就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节和事
实进行提问。
做题要领：
①. 弄懂题目和每个选项含义，顺藤摸瓜。
②. 按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。有些题只要抓住文章某处信息, 即可解题; 有些题则需要综合文章多处信息 , 并予以分析, 才能找到解题思路。
2）推理判断题
此类题要求透过文章表面文字信息去
推测文章隐含的意义，对文章的情节发
展，以及作者态度，意图等做出合乎逻
辑的推理和判断。
常见的句式：
①We can infer from the passage that____.
②What can we conclude from the
passage____
③What is the writer’s attitude towards…
做题要领：
a. 抓住主题寻觅细节，进而逻辑推理。
b. 要抓住文章实质性的东西，对于暗含
在文中事件的因果关系，人物的行为
动机及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意
图、观点等进行合乎逻辑的推理、分
析、和判断。
c. 在推断作者态度、意图、或观点时，
不要固守自己的习惯看法，要力求从
作者的角度去思考。
3) 数据推算题
此类体要求考生就文章提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系做出简单计算和推断。
做题要领：
①要抓住与数据有关的信息，并对这些信
息的含义有一个正确的理解。
②如果文中有较多数据信息，一定要弄清
它们之间的联系，分清有用信息和无用
信息。
③数据信息的意义往往不是孤立的，要正
确理解全文大意，还应抓住一些关键词
的意义。
4）识图解意题
在此类题目中常可看到插图、图解或地图。做题时要把文章和图示当作一个整体。理解时要图文互相参照，互相验证。若是地图，方位要明确，要正确理解文中方位介词的搭配意义。
5）主旨大意题
此类题是检查学生对文章主题思想的领会
与理解。
①主题问题：
a. What is the main idea of this passage
b. What does the passage mainly discuss
c. The writer of the article wants to tell us
that_______.
②标题问题：
What is the best title of the article / passage
找到主题句是解题的关键。
6）常识题
此类题意在考查学生的非英语知识面，看学生对社会、文化、史地以及一些科普常识的掌握程度。此类题与文章无直接关系，全凭自己的常识进行判断，做出选择。
五.短文改错
西安高级中学
赵亚龙
1. 常见类型
1)必有1个是对的;
2)多词1-2个;
3)缺词1-2个;
4)错词6个左右:
①名词1-2个；
②动词时态1个；
③非谓语动词1个；
④主谓一致；
⑤副词、形容词、代词、介词、冠词、连词。
1）注意瞻前顾后。
2）注意破行句。
3）不要见木不见林，注意整体把握时态。
4）注意是否虚拟。
5）注意是否事实。
6）注意是否时间、空间变换。
7）发散性思维，一词多义，一词多性,一错
多改。
2.如何做好短文改错题：
1）名词单复数，是否可数名词，注意前
后的修饰词或结构。
2）动词的时态、语态、第三人称单、非
谓语动词形式、虚拟、逻辑关系。
3）介词、副词搭配是否得当。
4）形容词、副词的形式是否错用、结构
是否正确、修饰词是否恰当。
5）代词的性、数、主宾格。
6）数词是否正确，是基数词还是序数词。
3.细节性注意点：
7）冠词。
8）分清简单句、复合句和并列句。
9）分清是何种复合句。
10）句与句之间的逻辑关系。
11）状语从句的连词、时态、虚拟语气。
12）定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词以
及主语与谓语一致关系。
NMET 2003 (Spring) Beijing
Many teachers worry about the effects of television on young
people. According to studies, any children spend more time 76._______
watching television than they spend in school. Because so 77._______
much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of 78._______
read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries 79._______
much about the radio program young people listen to, 80._______
although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about 81._______
the effects of television commercials. On one year the 82._______
average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all 83._______
planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want 84._______
things that they don’t real need. 85._______
___
many/some
^
of
\
\
___
reading
________
programs
_____
noisy
__
In
√
\
to
\
____
really
be
The main purpose of newspapers are to provide 76._______
news. If you examine newspapers closely, you find 77._______
that there are all sort of news: accidents, floods, fires, 78._______
wars, sports, books, etc. The news cover everything 79._______
that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes 80.______
there are news items which are very interested. 81.__________
A news report is usual short, except when 82._______
it is very important, but has a lot of information. It 83._______
is also writing in short paragraphs. The first paragraph 84._______
is in the fact a summary of the news items. It gives all 85._______
the necessary information, what, when, where, how, and why.
____
is
^
will
____
sorts
______
covers
√
___________
interesting
____
usually
____
and
_______
written
\
the
\
NMET 2003 Spring
I’m the captain of our school team so 1._______
with my fellow players we’ve won sev- 2._______
eral games. There will an important game 3._______
next month. But one of the best players
in our team told me just then that he 4._______
wouldn’t play basketball once more. His 5._______
parents asked him to spend in more time 6._______
preparing for the college entrance examina-
tion. I feel sorry to him. But his parents 7._______
think go to college is more important 8._______
than playing sports and college was the 9._______
only place for a smart boy like his son. 10._______
So my friend had no choice. He wanted
to make his parents happy.
___
and
√
^
be
____
now
_____
any
\
in
\
__
for
___
going
____
is
___
their
六、书面表达
西安高级中学
赵亚龙
解题思路:
1.细心审题:
明确体裁,选定格式; 确定要点(四个主要点,
四个次要点)及中心人称。
2.准确使用句型,语言准确,文理通顺。
3.在动词上做文章,正确使用时态、语态。
4.扬长避短,灵活运用:
使用变通手段(化整为零,化繁为简)
5.规范表达:
正确书写标点、大小写，卷面整洁，把握好长度。
细节注意点:
叙述的顺序 总体----具体
时间顺序
1.文章的组织 各句的逻辑关系
过度词的正确使用
格式的规范
动宾结构
系表结构
主动语态
2.句子的结构 被动语态
简单句、并列句为主，
复合句为辅（状语从句、
定语从句)
英语思维
(符合英美习惯)
3.意义的表达 用词准确
变通技巧 化难为易
化繁为简
词性 动词五种形式 谓 语 4.词形的正确 非谓语 名词单复数 形容词、副词比较等级
如何写好句子
1.熟悉并掌握构成完整句子的基本框架结构。
1）主谓要一致；
2）正确使用动词的时态和语态
3）名词的格与代词的一致；
4）句子结构成份要完整，特别不要漏掉或
添加成份。
2.力求正确使用词语，即使用现成英语句型。
3.一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
书面表达常用句型
一． 系表结构 七． 感叹句结构
二． 主谓结构 八. 疑问句结构
三． 主谓宾结构 九． 否定式结构
四． 双宾语结构 十. 并列句结构
五． 复合宾语结构 十一. 复合句结构
六． 祈使句结构 十二. 强调句结构
一． 系表结构
主语+系动词+表语
Notes
1. 常用的系动词有: 1). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)：
be seem remain appear 2). 动态(表变化): become go turn get grow 3). 感官(表示感觉): look sound taste feel smell
2. 可以用做表语的有:
1)名词 2)名词性物主代词
3)不定代词 4)人称代词
5)形容词 6)数词 7)副词
8)动词不定式(短语) 9)动名词(短语)
10)现在分词(短语) 11)过去分词(短语)
12)介词短语 13)从句
e.g.
1) Smith was the boss of a garage. 2) Is this pen yours 3) This is something you should always
keep in mind. 4) It is she who is singing next door. 5) All the walls are white 6) My son will be fourteen next year.
7) Class is over. 8) His wish is to become a scientist. 9) Her favorite sport in summer is swimming. 10) The news was exciting. 11) They were not discouraged. 12) We are all against the proposal. 13) He is no longer what he used to be.
3. 常用句型:
1) It + be + n. + to do 2) It + be + adj. + to do 3) It + be + n. + for / of sb. + to do 4) It + be + n. + doing 5) It + be + adj. + doing 6) It + be + n. + clause 7) It + be + adj. + clause 8) There + be + S.
e.g.
1) It is a pity to hear that. 2) It is not easy to master a foreign language. 3) It is a big mistake for her to have bought
the clothes. 4) It was hard for him to support such a big
family. 5) It is no use going there today.
6) It’s useless keeping books without
reading them.
7) It’s a pity that she is out.
8) It is true that he has passed the
examination.
9) She looks happy today.
10) The little girl felt shy.
11) It’s getting dark.
12) There will be a new play at the
theatre tomorrow.
二．主谓结构
主语+（不及物动词）谓语+状语
Notes:
1. 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。
2. 状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、
不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vi.
2) S. + vi. + n.
3) S. + vi. + adv.
4) S. + vi. + prep. ph.
5) S. + vi. + to do
6) S. + vi. + doing
7) S. + vi. + for sb./sth. to do sth.
8) It + seem / appear + adj. / n. + to do
happen
9) It + seem + clause
appear
10) There + vi. + S.
e.g.
The sun has risen.
They worked day and night.
They all went out.
She came into the library.
He got up early to catch the first bus.
She stood smiling at me.
It seemed impossible to solve the problem.
8) She waited for her husband to come back.
9) It happened that they were out when we
called on them that evening.
10) It seems that the boy has realized the
importance of learning a foreign
language.
11) Long, long ago there lived a king.
三．主谓宾结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+宾语
Notes:
1. vi.+ prep.== vt.
2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，
数词，动词不定式，动名词，
从句等.
常见句型：
1) S.+ vt. + n.
2) S.+ vt. + pron.
3) S.+ vt. + num.
4) S.+ vt. + adv. + n. / pron.
5) S.+ vt. + to do
6) S.+ vt. + whether / wh + to do
7) S.+ vt. + doing
8) S.+ vt. + object clause
9) S.+ vt. + object + prep. ph.
10) S.+ vt. + it + prep. ph. + that clause
11) S.+ vt. + object + to do
12) It+ vt. + object + to do
13) S.+ vt. + it + adj. / n. ( + for sb.) + to do
e.g.
1) She is watering the flowers.
2) He loves her very much.
3) Who are you going to take these three
4) She couldn’t keep back her tears.
==She couldn’t keep her tears back.
5) She decided to give it up.
6) He tried to do a good deed each day.
7) She hardly knows how to write a
composition.
8) I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
9) I remember seeing her somewhere before.
10) I hear (that) she has come back.
11) I agree to what he has said.
12) He didn’t know whose side he should take.
13) We spend a lot of money on books.
14) He explained it to his students that he was ill
that day.
15) He entered the room to look for his pencil-box.
16) It took more than ten years to build the houses.
17) I think it necessary (for him) to learn a foreign
language.
四．双宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Notes:
1. 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。
可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：
1). give tell teach write bring
lend hand show send offer
pay pass allow
2) buy do get fetch save make
sing choose
3) ask answer
2. 1）= vt. + D.O. + to + I.O.
2）= vt. + D.O. + for + I.O.
3）vt. + D.O.1 + D.O.2
3．常用句型：
1) S. + vt. + D.O. +I.O.
2) S. + vt. + D.O. + to / for + I.O.
3) S. + vt. + I.O. + clause
4) It take + O. ( n. / pron.) + n. /pron. + to do
5) Sth. + cost + sb. + n.
e.g.
1) He gave me some beautiful pictures.
2) He handed the purse to the teacher.
3) Would you fetch some water for the
children
4) She told the students (that) the old
man was her father.
5) We’ll show you whose order it is.
6) It took him quite some time to find
the elephant at all.
7) The new bike cost him 300 yuan.
五．复合宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+复合宾语
Notes:
1．复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。
宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的
主谓关系。
2．可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，
副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在
分词，过去分词。
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vt. + n. / pron. + n.
pain
get
beat
find
2) S. + vt. drive + n. / pron. + adj.
wish
prove
leave
make
feel
hear
listen to
make
let
7) S. + vt. see + object + do
look at
watch
notice
observe
8) S. + vt. + object + doing
feel
find
3) S.+ vt. make +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do /doing
think
consider
4) S. + vt. + adj. / n. + that clause
n.
5) S. + vt. + pron. + to be + adj./n.
clause
6) S. + vt. + object + to do
9) S. + vt. + object + done
10) S. + vt. + object + W + to do
11) S. + vt. + object + adv.
12) S. + vt. + sb. / one’s + doing
13) S. + vt. + object + prep. ph.
e.g.
1) We elected him monitor of our class.
2) The boy kicked the door open.
3) I think it foolish of him to believe her.
4) We thought it better for you to take the
medicine in time.
5) He had made it a rule never to cast his
net more than three times a day.
6) I consider it a pity that he has given up
studying English.
7) We found her to be mad.
8) He wanted her to be a dancer.
9) He believes what she said to be true.
10) The doctor advised him to have an
operation.
11) The boss made the workers work long
hours.
12) We found the boy crying in the street.
13) Have you ever heard this song sung in
English
14) The farmers showed us how to cut
wheat.
15) Did you find them in
16) Do you mind me /my closing the
window
17) They forced her into the room.
六．祈使句结构
1. Do + …
2. Be + predictive +…
3. Don’t + do + …
4. Don’t + be + predictive
5. Let + object + do + ...
e.g.
1) Come in, please.
2) Pass her a piece of paper.
3) Be a good boy.
4) Be careful not to touch it.
5) Don’t read in a moving bus.
6) Don’t be so silly.
7) Let’s have a rest.
8) Let the boy in, please.
七．感叹句结构
1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.!
2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.!
3. How + S. + v.!
4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!
e.g.
1) What a silly boy he is!
2) What terrible weather we are having!
3) How hard they are working!
4) How wonderful to be invited to a
palace ball!
八.疑问句结构
1．一般疑问句：
1) Be + S. + predictive
2) Be + there + S. + …
Have
3) Has + S. + object + …
Had
Do
Be
4) Have + S. + do + …
Will
Shall
Can
May
5) Must + S. + do +…
Need
Dare
e.g.
1)Were they busy yesterday
2) Was there a pine tree beside the house
3) Have you (got) any red ink
4) Is she lying in bed
5) Did Tom go there with you
6) Dare you say it again
2. 特殊疑问句
1）作主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序
(who; which; what)
2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序？
(what; which; whose; how many/much)
定语
3）疑问词(作 表语) + 一般疑问语序？
状语
e.g.
1) Who came to school the earliest
yesterday
2) Which book is yours
3) What are you doing
4) Where did you go yesterday
3．选择疑问句：
1）一般疑问句 + or + 另一供选择部分？
2）一般疑问句 + or + not
3）特殊疑问句, + A or B
e.g. 1) Do you like sports or music
2) Do you like sports or not
3)Which is bigger, the sun or the moon
4. 反意疑问句：
助动词
1）陈述句肯定结构,+ 系动词 的否定式 + 人称代词？
情态动词
助动词
2）陈述句否定结构,+ 系动词 的肯定式 + 人称代词？
情态动词
e.g. 1) You are tired, aren’t you
2) You wouldn’t leave for long, will you
九．否定式结构
1．S. + be + not + predictive.
e.g. He is not an engineer.
have no
2. S. + has + not a + object .
had not any
e.g. I have no brother.
no
3. There + be + not a + S.
not any
e.g. There isn’t a book on the table.
4. S. + do/does/did + not + do
e.g. He didn’t come to school yesterday.
5. S. + 助动词 + not + do
e.g. 1) He is not crying.
2) I shall not ask him for help.
6. S. + 情态动词 + not + do
e.g. You needn’t worry.
to do
7. not + doing +…
done
e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her.
2) I regretted not attending the meeting.
3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.
all
both
8. not + each 部分否定
every
the whole
完全否定分别用：
none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one
e.g.
1) All the answers are not correct.
2) Everything doesn’t go well.
3) She hasn’t done the job completely.
4) Nobody can work it out.
5) None of the students is from Shanghai.
9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句：
Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词 + S.
Note:
如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型： It is / was the same with + S.
e.g. 1) I don’t like the film, nor does she.
2) He has no time. Neither have I.
10. 由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping.
2) Few of them know science.
十. 并列句结构
1. 由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连
接为一体，就构成了并列句。
2. 常用的并列连词有：
and “和”
or “否则”
but “可是；但是”
for “因为”
so “因此”
either… or… “不是…就是…”
neither … nor … “ 既不…也不…”
not only… but also… “不但…而且…”
3.常用的副词有：
yet “但是”
however “然而”
therefore “所以”
Note: 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。
e.g. 1) Hurry up! It’s going to rain.
2) He had to come back home; he wanted
some money.
3) Tears appeared in her eyes, but he didn’t
notice it.
4) Spring came and the trees turned green.
5) She must be ill, for she didn’t come
to school this morning.
6) He found nobody in the room, so he
went away.
7) He is old, yet he is still active in his
work.
8) The composition is all right; however
there is room for improvement.
9) He was very tired, and therefore he fell
sound asleep.
10) We must hurry, or we’ll be late.
11) Either he is wrong or you are wrong.
12) He doesn’t know her, nor do I.
13) Not only was my mother angry, but my
father also.
十一. 复合句结构
1. 主语从句结构：
1） 连接代词/副词 + 从句 + 主句谓语部分
== It + 主句谓语部分 + 连接代词/副词 + 从句
(常用连词 that; whether; who; whom; whose;
which; when; where; why; how)
e.g.
1) That we love peace is known to all.
==It is known to all that we love peace.
2) Whether we can solve the difficulty still
remains a question.
==It still remains a question whether we
can solve the difficulty.
3) Whose composition is better is hard to say.
==It is hard to say whose composition is
better.
4) Where we’ll spend the summer holidays has
not been decided.
==It hasn’t been decided where we’ll spend
the summer holidays.
2） What + 主语和及物动词谓语 + 主句谓语部分
e.g.
(1) What he said is not true.
(2) What we are doing is for building
socialism.
Whoever
3） Whatever + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分
Whichever
e.g.
(1) Whoever wants to go may go at once.
(2) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth
doing well.
happened
seems
4）It + is a pity + that-clause
is said
is reported
e.g.
(1) It happened that he was ill when we
found him.
(2) It seems that she doesn’t like her job.
(3) It’s a pity that she has gone abroad.
(4) It is said / reported that our women’s
football team had won again.
2.表语从句结构
that
连词 if
主语 + whether + clause
连接代词( who; whom; which; what）
连接副词(when; where; why; how)
e.g.
1) His suggestion is that we go to Beijing
to spend our holidays.
2) That is just what he wants.
3) The question is who will have a try first.
4) That is why the bat never fly out in the
daytime.
5) The problem is whether we can find each
other at the station.
3. 宾语从句结构
1) S. + vt. + that-clause
e.g. ① I wish I could enter college.
② The king replied that he would set him
free.
2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause
e.g. ① The teacher asked if anyone was absent.
② I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).
3) S. + vt. + 连接代词/副词 + clause
e.g. ① He asked which exercise is the most difficult.
② No one knows what they are fighting about.
4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词 + clause
e.g. ① He didn’t tell me where he lived.
② Didn’t she tell you when we should start
5) 主谓结构 + prep. + clause
e.g.
① She should be praised for what she has
done.
② The boss paid the workers according
to how much they had done for him.
6) S. + vt. + to短语 + that-clause
e.g. He explained to us that he had failed to
catch the first bus.
7) S. + vt. + it + adj. / n. + clause
e.g. ① We felt it strange that she could leave
without saying good-bye.
② We thought it a shame that they fought
each other in class.
4. 定语从句结构
1) 主句主语 + 关系代词/副词 + clause + 主句谓语
e.g.
① The man who is standing by the door
is our English teacher.
② The watch (which / that ) I bought
yesterday is made in Swiss.
③ The days when we were cheated are
gone for ever.
2) 主句 + 关系代词/副词+ clause
e.g.① This is the girl whose father died in the
flood.
② I’ll never forget the day when I joined
the Party.
3) 主句中的被修饰词 + prep. + 关系代词 + clause
e.g. ① The earth on which we live is a big ball.
② We visited the house in which chairman
Mao once lived.
4) 非限定性定语从句：
which
who
主句中的被修饰词 + , + whom + clause
whose + n.
where
e.g.
① Wang Hai’s father, who works in
Nanjing, has come back home.
② We visited the industrial exhibition,
where we saw a lot of foreign guests.
5. 状语从句结构：
1) 时间状语从句
(1) conj. + clause + , + 主句
主句 + conj. + clause
(用于此类从句的连词有：when, while, as,
before, after, since, until, as soon as)
e.g.
① when he saw his mother, the boy began
to cry.
② I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
(2) S. + had no sooner + done + than + clause
No sooner had + S. + done + than + clause
e.g.
The bell had no sooner rung than the
teacher walked into the classroom.
==No sooner had the bell rung than the
teacher walked into the classroom.
(3) Hardly + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + hardly + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Hardly had I got home when / before it began to
rain.
==I had hardly got home when / before it began
to rain.
(4) Scarcely + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + scarcely + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to
sleep.
== He had scarcely got to bed when / before he
fell to sleep.
2) 地点状语从句
主句 + where(ever) + 从句
Where(ver) + 从句+，+ 主句
e.g.
① I lost my pen where I wrote my composition.
② Wherever we are sent to work, we should
work hard.
3）原因状语从句
Because / As / Since / Now that + 从句，+主句
主句 + because / as / since / now that + 从句
e.g.
① He didn’t go to the meeting because he was ill.
② As it is going to rain, you’d better stay at home.
4）条件状语从句
If / Unless / As long as + clause +, + 主句
主句 + if / unless / as long as + 从句
e.g.
① You are sure to succeed if you work hard.
② As / So long as we keep calm, we can find
a way out.
5）结果状语从句
① 主句 + that / so that + 从句
② S. + v. + so + adj. / adv. + that-clause
③ S. + v. + such (a) + adj. + n. + that-clause
④ S. + v. + so + adj. (+ a ) + n. + that-clause
e.g.
① She is so kind to us that we all love her.
② He spoke so quickly that nobody could
follow him.
③ She gave us such an excellent lecture that
everybody admired him.
==She gave us so excellent a lecture that
everybody admired him.
6）目的状语从句
that
so that
主句 + in order that + 从句
in case
e.g. We took the front seats in order that we
could hear clearly.
7）让步状语从句
（1） conj. + clause +, + 主句
==主句 + conj. + clause
adj.
（2） adv. + as / though + 从句 + 主句
n.
常用连词有：
though (although) “虽然”
even if/though “即使”
whether … or … “不管事…还是…”
whoever (no matter who ） “无论谁”
whatever (no matter what ) “无论什么”
whichever (no matter which ) “无论哪个”
whenever ( no matter when) “无论何时”
wherever ( no matter where) “无论何地”
7）让步状语从句
e.g.
① She took care of the patients though she
herself was also ill.
② No matter where you go, you must find
time to study.
③ Young as he is, he knows a lot.
8）方式状语从句
主句 + as / as if + clause
e.g. ① Let’s study as Lenin studied.
② He spoke as if he were a professor.
9）比较状语从句
（1）同级比较状语从句
S. + v. (+ not) + as / so + adj. / adv. + as + clause
e.g.
① He works as hard as Jack.
② The police were not as / so light-hearted
as Tom.
(2) 比较级状语从句
S. + v. (+ no) + adj.-er /adv.-er + than + clause
e.g.
① He can jump higher than I.
② There are more students in Class One
than in Class Two.
③ It is no more hot today than yesterday.
(3) 表示递进的比较状语从句
The + adj.-er / adv.-er +, + the + adj.-er / adv.-er
e.g.
The harder he works, the happier he is.
(4)表示最高级概念的比较状语从句
否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv + as + clause
否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv. + than + clause
e.g.
① Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is.
② No one studies harder than he does.
6． 同位语从句
主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + that + clause
主句主语 + that + clause + 主句谓语
e.g. ① We all know the fact that the earth
moves around the sun.
② The news that the Chinese women’s
volleyball team has won the world’s
championship soon spread over the
whole country.
十二. 强调句结构
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子剩余部分
Note:
1. 本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分。要
强调谓语动词可用: S. + do/does/did + V.+…
2. 原因状语从句被强调时只可由because引导。
3. 含not … until… 的复合句套用：
It is / was not until … that …
(被强调部分用陈述语序)
e.g.
① It was your sister that I met in the zoo
yesterday.
② It was yesterday that I met your sister
in the zoo.
如何组句成文
句子的推展(develop)和结合(combine)构成文章
1.熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的
过渡词;
2.明确表达文章主题（topic sentence）；
3.不得遗漏题目提示细节；
4.注意修改、审阅：
1）词法、句法是否有问题；
2）细节是否有遗漏；
3）拼写有没有错误；
4）字数是否符合题目要求。
过 渡 词:
表并列关系：and, as well as, also, …
表递进关系：besides, in addition, even, …
表转折关系: but, yet, however, although,
otherwise, in spite of, ...
表时间顺序\动作过程:
while, soon after, afterward, finally,
first, then, next, last,…
表比较、对比：
(un)like, on the contrary, on the other hand, …
表总结:
in general, generally (speaking), in short,
after all, …
表进一步阐述:
namely, that is to say, for example, such as, …
表结果:
so, therefore, as a result, thus, …
高考英语试题解题技巧
一.听力理解
二.单项填空
三.完形填空
四.阅读理解
五.短文改错
六.书面表达
一.听力理解
1.理解对话的主旨、要义。
2.获取事实性的具体信息如:时间、
地点、数字、价格等。
3.对对话发生的背景、地点，说话者
之间的关系等做出简单的判断。
4.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
二.单项填空
1.抓住题目的关键词
1) The line was busy; someone _________
the phone.
A. may be busy B. may have used
C. must have been using D. must be using
2) ----Do you feel like ______ in bed on Sundays
----Yes, but I’m always too busy _____ so.
A. to lie; doing B. lie; doing
C. lying; doing D. lying; to do
2. 根据情景确定答案
1) ----Why didn’t you ring me up
---- I would have, but I your telephone
number.
A. have forgotten B. had lost
C. forgot D. would have lost
2) He ______ sleeping pills, for he didn’t
wake up till lunch time.
A. must have taken B. should have taken
C. would have taken D. had surely taken
3.理清句子结构
1) Who would you rather ______ the report
instead of you
A. have write B. have to write
C. write D. have written
2) It was five o’clock in the afternoon ____
they arrived at the hotel.
A. since B. before C. that D. when
三.完形填空
1.试题类型 ①习惯用法型
②语法型
③词语型
④推断型
2.解题技巧
1).细读首句,启示全文
由首句判断文章体裁, 推测文章大意,
揭示故事发生的人物\时间、地点、气氛等.
2).通读全文，掌握大意
把短文从头到尾快速“跳读”一遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意．
3）瞻前顾后，先易后难,综合运用知识
①词汇
②习惯用语
③语法
④逻辑推理
4）复读全文，修改确定答案
四.阅读理解
1.常见题型 ① 事实询问题
② 推理判断题
③ 数据推算题
④ 识图解意题
⑤ 主旨大意题
⑥ 常识题
2.解题技巧
1）事实询问题
此类题主要以 what, who, which,
when, where, how, why等词引导问句，
就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节和事
实进行提问。
做题要领：
①. 弄懂题目和每个选项含义，顺藤摸瓜。
②. 按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。有些题只要抓住文章某处信息, 即可解题; 有些题则需要综合文章多处信息 , 并予以分析, 才能找到解题思路。
2）推理判断题
此类题要求透过文章表面文字信息去
推测文章隐含的意义，对文章的情节发
展，以及作者态度，意图等做出合乎逻
辑的推理和判断。
常见的句式：
①We can infer from the passage that____.
②What can we conclude from the
passage____
③What is the writer’s attitude towards…
做题要领：
a. 抓住主题寻觅细节，进而逻辑推理。
b. 要抓住文章实质性的东西，对于暗含
在文中事件的因果关系，人物的行为
动机及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意
图、观点等进行合乎逻辑的推理、分
析、和判断。
c. 在推断作者态度、意图、或观点时，
不要固守自己的习惯看法，要力求从
作者的角度去思考。
3) 数据推算题
此类体要求考生就文章提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系做出简单计算和推断。
做题要领：
①要抓住与数据有关的信息，并对这些信
息的含义有一个正确的理解。
②如果文中有较多数据信息，一定要弄清
它们之间的联系，分清有用信息和无用
信息。
③数据信息的意义往往不是孤立的，要正
确理解全文大意，还应抓住一些关键词
的意义。
4）识图解意题
在此类题目中常可看到插图、图解或地图。做题时要把文章和图示当作一个整体。理解时要图文互相参照，互相验证。若是地图，方位要明确，要正确理解文中方位介词的搭配意义。
5）主旨大意题
此类题是检查学生对文章主题思想的领会
与理解。
①主题问题：
a. What is the main idea of this passage
b. What does the passage mainly discuss
c. The writer of the article wants to tell us
that_______.
②标题问题：
What is the best title of the article / passage
找到主题句是解题的关键。
6）常识题
此类题意在考查学生的非英语知识面，看学生对社会、文化、史地以及一些科普常识的掌握程度。此类题与文章无直接关系，全凭自己的常识进行判断，做出选择。
五.短文改错
西安高级中学
赵亚龙
1. 常见类型
1)必有1个是对的;
2)多词1-2个;
3)缺词1-2个;
4)错词6个左右:
①名词1-2个；
②动词时态1个；
③非谓语动词1个；
④主谓一致；
⑤副词、形容词、代词、介词、冠词、连词。
1）注意瞻前顾后。
2）注意破行句。
3）不要见木不见林，注意整体把握时态。
4）注意是否虚拟。
5）注意是否事实。
6）注意是否时间、空间变换。
7）发散性思维，一词多义，一词多性,一错
多改。
2.如何做好短文改错题：
1）名词单复数，是否可数名词，注意前
后的修饰词或结构。
2）动词的时态、语态、第三人称单、非
谓语动词形式、虚拟、逻辑关系。
3）介词、副词搭配是否得当。
4）形容词、副词的形式是否错用、结构
是否正确、修饰词是否恰当。
5）代词的性、数、主宾格。
6）数词是否正确，是基数词还是序数词。
3.细节性注意点：
7）冠词。
8）分清简单句、复合句和并列句。
9）分清是何种复合句。
10）句与句之间的逻辑关系。
11）状语从句的连词、时态、虚拟语气。
12）定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词以
及主语与谓语一致关系。
NMET 2003 (Spring) Beijing
Many teachers worry about the effects of television on young
people. According to studies, any children spend more time 76._______
watching television than they spend in school. Because so 77._______
much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of 78._______
read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries 79._______
much about the radio program young people listen to, 80._______
although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about 81._______
the effects of television commercials. On one year the 82._______
average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all 83._______
planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want 84._______
things that they don’t real need. 85._______
___
many/some
^
of
\
\
___
reading
________
programs
_____
noisy
__
In
√
\
to
\
____
really
be
The main purpose of newspapers are to provide 76._______
news. If you examine newspapers closely, you find 77._______
that there are all sort of news: accidents, floods, fires, 78._______
wars, sports, books, etc. The news cover everything 79._______
that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes 80.______
there are news items which are very interested. 81.__________
A news report is usual short, except when 82._______
it is very important, but has a lot of information. It 83._______
is also writing in short paragraphs. The first paragraph 84._______
is in the fact a summary of the news items. It gives all 85._______
the necessary information, what, when, where, how, and why.
____
is
^
will
____
sorts
______
covers
√
___________
interesting
____
usually
____
and
_______
written
\
the
\
NMET 2003 Spring
I’m the captain of our school team so 1._______
with my fellow players we’ve won sev- 2._______
eral games. There will an important game 3._______
next month. But one of the best players
in our team told me just then that he 4._______
wouldn’t play basketball once more. His 5._______
parents asked him to spend in more time 6._______
preparing for the college entrance examina-
tion. I feel sorry to him. But his parents 7._______
think go to college is more important 8._______
than playing sports and college was the 9._______
only place for a smart boy like his son. 10._______
So my friend had no choice. He wanted
to make his parents happy.
___
and
√
^
be
____
now
_____
any
\
in
\
__
for
___
going
____
is
___
their
六、书面表达
西安高级中学
赵亚龙
解题思路:
1.细心审题:
明确体裁,选定格式; 确定要点(四个主要点,
四个次要点)及中心人称。
2.准确使用句型,语言准确,文理通顺。
3.在动词上做文章,正确使用时态、语态。
4.扬长避短,灵活运用:
使用变通手段(化整为零,化繁为简)
5.规范表达:
正确书写标点、大小写，卷面整洁，把握好长度。
细节注意点:
叙述的顺序 总体----具体
时间顺序
1.文章的组织 各句的逻辑关系
过度词的正确使用
格式的规范
动宾结构
系表结构
主动语态
2.句子的结构 被动语态
简单句、并列句为主，
复合句为辅（状语从句、
定语从句)
英语思维
(符合英美习惯)
3.意义的表达 用词准确
变通技巧 化难为易
化繁为简
词性 动词五种形式 谓 语 4.词形的正确 非谓语 名词单复数 形容词、副词比较等级
如何写好句子
1.熟悉并掌握构成完整句子的基本框架结构。
1）主谓要一致；
2）正确使用动词的时态和语态
3）名词的格与代词的一致；
4）句子结构成份要完整，特别不要漏掉或
添加成份。
2.力求正确使用词语，即使用现成英语句型。
3.一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
书面表达常用句型
一． 系表结构 七． 感叹句结构
二． 主谓结构 八. 疑问句结构
三． 主谓宾结构 九． 否定式结构
四． 双宾语结构 十. 并列句结构
五． 复合宾语结构 十一. 复合句结构
六． 祈使句结构 十二. 强调句结构
一． 系表结构
主语+系动词+表语
Notes
1. 常用的系动词有: 1). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)：
be seem remain appear 2). 动态(表变化): become go turn get grow 3). 感官(表示感觉): look sound taste feel smell
2. 可以用做表语的有:
1)名词 2)名词性物主代词
3)不定代词 4)人称代词
5)形容词 6)数词 7)副词
8)动词不定式(短语) 9)动名词(短语)
10)现在分词(短语) 11)过去分词(短语)
12)介词短语 13)从句
e.g.
1) Smith was the boss of a garage. 2) Is this pen yours 3) This is something you should always
keep in mind. 4) It is she who is singing next door. 5) All the walls are white 6) My son will be fourteen next year.
7) Class is over. 8) His wish is to become a scientist. 9) Her favorite sport in summer is swimming. 10) The news was exciting. 11) They were not discouraged. 12) We are all against the proposal. 13) He is no longer what he used to be.
3. 常用句型:
1) It + be + n. + to do 2) It + be + adj. + to do 3) It + be + n. + for / of sb. + to do 4) It + be + n. + doing 5) It + be + adj. + doing 6) It + be + n. + clause 7) It + be + adj. + clause 8) There + be + S.
e.g.
1) It is a pity to hear that. 2) It is not easy to master a foreign language. 3) It is a big mistake for her to have bought
the clothes. 4) It was hard for him to support such a big
family. 5) It is no use going there today.
6) It’s useless keeping books without
reading them.
7) It’s a pity that she is out.
8) It is true that he has passed the
examination.
9) She looks happy today.
10) The little girl felt shy.
11) It’s getting dark.
12) There will be a new play at the
theatre tomorrow.
二．主谓结构
主语+（不及物动词）谓语+状语
Notes:
1. 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。
2. 状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、
不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vi.
2) S. + vi. + n.
3) S. + vi. + adv.
4) S. + vi. + prep. ph.
5) S. + vi. + to do
6) S. + vi. + doing
7) S. + vi. + for sb./sth. to do sth.
8) It + seem / appear + adj. / n. + to do
happen
9) It + seem + clause
appear
10) There + vi. + S.
e.g.
The sun has risen.
They worked day and night.
They all went out.
She came into the library.
He got up early to catch the first bus.
She stood smiling at me.
It seemed impossible to solve the problem.
8) She waited for her husband to come back.
9) It happened that they were out when we
called on them that evening.
10) It seems that the boy has realized the
importance of learning a foreign
language.
11) Long, long ago there lived a king.
三．主谓宾结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+宾语
Notes:
1. vi.+ prep.== vt.
2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，
数词，动词不定式，动名词，
从句等.
常见句型：
1) S.+ vt. + n.
2) S.+ vt. + pron.
3) S.+ vt. + num.
4) S.+ vt. + adv. + n. / pron.
5) S.+ vt. + to do
6) S.+ vt. + whether / wh + to do
7) S.+ vt. + doing
8) S.+ vt. + object clause
9) S.+ vt. + object + prep. ph.
10) S.+ vt. + it + prep. ph. + that clause
11) S.+ vt. + object + to do
12) It+ vt. + object + to do
13) S.+ vt. + it + adj. / n. ( + for sb.) + to do
e.g.
1) She is watering the flowers.
2) He loves her very much.
3) Who are you going to take these three
4) She couldn’t keep back her tears.
==She couldn’t keep her tears back.
5) She decided to give it up.
6) He tried to do a good deed each day.
7) She hardly knows how to write a
composition.
8) I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
9) I remember seeing her somewhere before.
10) I hear (that) she has come back.
11) I agree to what he has said.
12) He didn’t know whose side he should take.
13) We spend a lot of money on books.
14) He explained it to his students that he was ill
that day.
15) He entered the room to look for his pencil-box.
16) It took more than ten years to build the houses.
17) I think it necessary (for him) to learn a foreign
language.
四．双宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Notes:
1. 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。
可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：
1). give tell teach write bring
lend hand show send offer
pay pass allow
2) buy do get fetch save make
sing choose
3) ask answer
2. 1）= vt. + D.O. + to + I.O.
2）= vt. + D.O. + for + I.O.
3）vt. + D.O.1 + D.O.2
3．常用句型：
1) S. + vt. + D.O. +I.O.
2) S. + vt. + D.O. + to / for + I.O.
3) S. + vt. + I.O. + clause
4) It take + O. ( n. / pron.) + n. /pron. + to do
5) Sth. + cost + sb. + n.
e.g.
1) He gave me some beautiful pictures.
2) He handed the purse to the teacher.
3) Would you fetch some water for the
children
4) She told the students (that) the old
man was her father.
5) We’ll show you whose order it is.
6) It took him quite some time to find
the elephant at all.
7) The new bike cost him 300 yuan.
五．复合宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+复合宾语
Notes:
1．复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。
宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的
主谓关系。
2．可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，
副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在
分词，过去分词。
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vt. + n. / pron. + n.
pain
get
beat
find
2) S. + vt. drive + n. / pron. + adj.
wish
prove
leave
make
feel
hear
listen to
make
let
7) S. + vt. see + object + do
look at
watch
notice
observe
8) S. + vt. + object + doing
feel
find
3) S.+ vt. make +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do /doing
think
consider
4) S. + vt. + adj. / n. + that clause
n.
5) S. + vt. + pron. + to be + adj./n.
clause
6) S. + vt. + object + to do
9) S. + vt. + object + done
10) S. + vt. + object + W + to do
11) S. + vt. + object + adv.
12) S. + vt. + sb. / one’s + doing
13) S. + vt. + object + prep. ph.
e.g.
1) We elected him monitor of our class.
2) The boy kicked the door open.
3) I think it foolish of him to believe her.
4) We thought it better for you to take the
medicine in time.
5) He had made it a rule never to cast his
net more than three times a day.
6) I consider it a pity that he has given up
studying English.
7) We found her to be mad.
8) He wanted her to be a dancer.
9) He believes what she said to be true.
10) The doctor advised him to have an
operation.
11) The boss made the workers work long
hours.
12) We found the boy crying in the street.
13) Have you ever heard this song sung in
English
14) The farmers showed us how to cut
wheat.
15) Did you find them in
16) Do you mind me /my closing the
window
17) They forced her into the room.
六．祈使句结构
1. Do + …
2. Be + predictive +…
3. Don’t + do + …
4. Don’t + be + predictive
5. Let + object + do + ...
e.g.
1) Come in, please.
2) Pass her a piece of paper.
3) Be a good boy.
4) Be careful not to touch it.
5) Don’t read in a moving bus.
6) Don’t be so silly.
7) Let’s have a rest.
8) Let the boy in, please.
七．感叹句结构
1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.!
2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.!
3. How + S. + v.!
4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!
e.g.
1) What a silly boy he is!
2) What terrible weather we are having!
3) How hard they are working!
4) How wonderful to be invited to a
palace ball!
八.疑问句结构
1．一般疑问句：
1) Be + S. + predictive
2) Be + there + S. + …
Have
3) Has + S. + object + …
Had
Do
Be
4) Have + S. + do + …
Will
Shall
Can
May
5) Must + S. + do +…
Need
Dare
e.g.
1)Were they busy yesterday
2) Was there a pine tree beside the house
3) Have you (got) any red ink
4) Is she lying in bed
5) Did Tom go there with you
6) Dare you say it again
2. 特殊疑问句
1）作主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序
(who; which; what)
2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词 + 陈述语序？
(what; which; whose; how many/much)
定语
3）疑问词(作 表语) + 一般疑问语序？
状语
e.g.
1) Who came to school the earliest
yesterday
2) Which book is yours
3) What are you doing
4) Where did you go yesterday
3．选择疑问句：
1）一般疑问句 + or + 另一供选择部分？
2）一般疑问句 + or + not
3）特殊疑问句, + A or B
e.g. 1) Do you like sports or music
2) Do you like sports or not
3)Which is bigger, the sun or the moon
4. 反意疑问句：
助动词
1）陈述句肯定结构,+ 系动词 的否定式 + 人称代词？
情态动词
助动词
2）陈述句否定结构,+ 系动词 的肯定式 + 人称代词？
情态动词
e.g. 1) You are tired, aren’t you
2) You wouldn’t leave for long, will you
九．否定式结构
1．S. + be + not + predictive.
e.g. He is not an engineer.
have no
2. S. + has + not a + object .
had not any
e.g. I have no brother.
no
3. There + be + not a + S.
not any
e.g. There isn’t a book on the table.
4. S. + do/does/did + not + do
e.g. He didn’t come to school yesterday.
5. S. + 助动词 + not + do
e.g. 1) He is not crying.
2) I shall not ask him for help.
6. S. + 情态动词 + not + do
e.g. You needn’t worry.
to do
7. not + doing +…
done
e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her.
2) I regretted not attending the meeting.
3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.
all
both
8. not + each 部分否定
every
the whole
完全否定分别用：
none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one
e.g.
1) All the answers are not correct.
2) Everything doesn’t go well.
3) She hasn’t done the job completely.
4) Nobody can work it out.
5) None of the students is from Shanghai.
9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句：
Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词 + S.
Note:
如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型： It is / was the same with + S.
e.g. 1) I don’t like the film, nor does she.
2) He has no time. Neither have I.
10. 由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping.
2) Few of them know science.
十. 并列句结构
1. 由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连
接为一体，就构成了并列句。
2. 常用的并列连词有：
and “和”
or “否则”
but “可是；但是”
for “因为”
so “因此”
either… or… “不是…就是…”
neither … nor … “ 既不…也不…”
not only… but also… “不但…而且…”
3.常用的副词有：
yet “但是”
however “然而”
therefore “所以”
Note: 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。
e.g. 1) Hurry up! It’s going to rain.
2) He had to come back home; he wanted
some money.
3) Tears appeared in her eyes, but he didn’t
notice it.
4) Spring came and the trees turned green.
5) She must be ill, for she didn’t come
to school this morning.
6) He found nobody in the room, so he
went away.
7) He is old, yet he is still active in his
work.
8) The composition is all right; however
there is room for improvement.
9) He was very tired, and therefore he fell
sound asleep.
10) We must hurry, or we’ll be late.
11) Either he is wrong or you are wrong.
12) He doesn’t know her, nor do I.
13) Not only was my mother angry, but my
father also.
十一. 复合句结构
1. 主语从句结构：
1） 连接代词/副词 + 从句 + 主句谓语部分
== It + 主句谓语部分 + 连接代词/副词 + 从句
(常用连词 that; whether; who; whom; whose;
which; when; where; why; how)
e.g.
1) That we love peace is known to all.
==It is known to all that we love peace.
2) Whether we can solve the difficulty still
remains a question.
==It still remains a question whether we
can solve the difficulty.
3) Whose composition is better is hard to say.
==It is hard to say whose composition is
better.
4) Where we’ll spend the summer holidays has
not been decided.
==It hasn’t been decided where we’ll spend
the summer holidays.
2） What + 主语和及物动词谓语 + 主句谓语部分
e.g.
(1) What he said is not true.
(2) What we are doing is for building
socialism.
Whoever
3） Whatever + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分
Whichever
e.g.
(1) Whoever wants to go may go at once.
(2) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth
doing well.
happened
seems
4）It + is a pity + that-clause
is said
is reported
e.g.
(1) It happened that he was ill when we
found him.
(2) It seems that she doesn’t like her job.
(3) It’s a pity that she has gone abroad.
(4) It is said / reported that our women’s
football team had won again.
2.表语从句结构
that
连词 if
主语 + whether + clause
连接代词( who; whom; which; what）
连接副词(when; where; why; how)
e.g.
1) His suggestion is that we go to Beijing
to spend our holidays.
2) That is just what he wants.
3) The question is who will have a try first.
4) That is why the bat never fly out in the
daytime.
5) The problem is whether we can find each
other at the station.
3. 宾语从句结构
1) S. + vt. + that-clause
e.g. ① I wish I could enter college.
② The king replied that he would set him
free.
2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause
e.g. ① The teacher asked if anyone was absent.
② I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).
3) S. + vt. + 连接代词/副词 + clause
e.g. ① He asked which exercise is the most difficult.
② No one knows what they are fighting about.
4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词 + clause
e.g. ① He didn’t tell me where he lived.
② Didn’t she tell you when we should start
5) 主谓结构 + prep. + clause
e.g.
① She should be praised for what she has
done.
② The boss paid the workers according
to how much they had done for him.
6) S. + vt. + to短语 + that-clause
e.g. He explained to us that he had failed to
catch the first bus.
7) S. + vt. + it + adj. / n. + clause
e.g. ① We felt it strange that she could leave
without saying good-bye.
② We thought it a shame that they fought
each other in class.
4. 定语从句结构
1) 主句主语 + 关系代词/副词 + clause + 主句谓语
e.g.
① The man who is standing by the door
is our English teacher.
② The watch (which / that ) I bought
yesterday is made in Swiss.
③ The days when we were cheated are
gone for ever.
2) 主句 + 关系代词/副词+ clause
e.g.① This is the girl whose father died in the
flood.
② I’ll never forget the day when I joined
the Party.
3) 主句中的被修饰词 + prep. + 关系代词 + clause
e.g. ① The earth on which we live is a big ball.
② We visited the house in which chairman
Mao once lived.
4) 非限定性定语从句：
which
who
主句中的被修饰词 + , + whom + clause
whose + n.
where
e.g.
① Wang Hai’s father, who works in
Nanjing, has come back home.
② We visited the industrial exhibition,
where we saw a lot of foreign guests.
5. 状语从句结构：
1) 时间状语从句
(1) conj. + clause + , + 主句
主句 + conj. + clause
(用于此类从句的连词有：when, while, as,
before, after, since, until, as soon as)
e.g.
① when he saw his mother, the boy began
to cry.
② I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
(2) S. + had no sooner + done + than + clause
No sooner had + S. + done + than + clause
e.g.
The bell had no sooner rung than the
teacher walked into the classroom.
==No sooner had the bell rung than the
teacher walked into the classroom.
(3) Hardly + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + hardly + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Hardly had I got home when / before it began to
rain.
==I had hardly got home when / before it began
to rain.
(4) Scarcely + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + scarcely + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to
sleep.
== He had scarcely got to bed when / before he
fell to sleep.
2) 地点状语从句
主句 + where(ever) + 从句
Where(ver) + 从句+，+ 主句
e.g.
① I lost my pen where I wrote my composition.
② Wherever we are sent to work, we should
work hard.
3）原因状语从句
Because / As / Since / Now that + 从句，+主句
主句 + because / as / since / now that + 从句
e.g.
① He didn’t go to the meeting because he was ill.
② As it is going to rain, you’d better stay at home.
4）条件状语从句
If / Unless / As long as + clause +, + 主句
主句 + if / unless / as long as + 从句
e.g.
① You are sure to succeed if you work hard.
② As / So long as we keep calm, we can find
a way out.
5）结果状语从句
① 主句 + that / so that + 从句
② S. + v. + so + adj. / adv. + that-clause
③ S. + v. + such (a) + adj. + n. + that-clause
④ S. + v. + so + adj. (+ a ) + n. + that-clause
e.g.
① She is so kind to us that we all love her.
② He spoke so quickly that nobody could
follow him.
③ She gave us such an excellent lecture that
everybody admired him.
==She gave us so excellent a lecture that
everybody admired him.
6）目的状语从句
that
so that
主句 + in order that + 从句
in case
e.g. We took the front seats in order that we
could hear clearly.
7）让步状语从句
（1） conj. + clause +, + 主句
==主句 + conj. + clause
adj.
（2） adv. + as / though + 从句 + 主句
n.
常用连词有：
though (although) “虽然”
even if/though “即使”
whether … or … “不管事…还是…”
whoever (no matter who ） “无论谁”
whatever (no matter what ) “无论什么”
whichever (no matter which ) “无论哪个”
whenever ( no matter when) “无论何时”
wherever ( no matter where) “无论何地”
7）让步状语从句
e.g.
① She took care of the patients though she
herself was also ill.
② No matter where you go, you must find
time to study.
③ Young as he is, he knows a lot.
8）方式状语从句
主句 + as / as if + clause
e.g. ① Let’s study as Lenin studied.
② He spoke as if he were a professor.
9）比较状语从句
（1）同级比较状语从句
S. + v. (+ not) + as / so + adj. / adv. + as + clause
e.g.
① He works as hard as Jack.
② The police were not as / so light-hearted
as Tom.
(2) 比较级状语从句
S. + v. (+ no) + adj.-er /adv.-er + than + clause
e.g.
① He can jump higher than I.
② There are more students in Class One
than in Class Two.
③ It is no more hot today than yesterday.
(3) 表示递进的比较状语从句
The + adj.-er / adv.-er +, + the + adj.-er / adv.-er
e.g.
The harder he works, the happier he is.
(4)表示最高级概念的比较状语从句
否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv + as + clause
否定意义主语 + v. + adj. / adv. + than + clause
e.g.
① Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is.
② No one studies harder than he does.
6． 同位语从句
主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + that + clause
主句主语 + that + clause + 主句谓语
e.g. ① We all know the fact that the earth
moves around the sun.
② The news that the Chinese women’s
volleyball team has won the world’s
championship soon spread over the
whole country.
十二. 强调句结构
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子剩余部分
Note:
1. 本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分。要
强调谓语动词可用: S. + do/does/did + V.+…
2. 原因状语从句被强调时只可由because引导。
3. 含not … until… 的复合句套用：
It is / was not until … that …
(被强调部分用陈述语序)
e.g.
① It was your sister that I met in the zoo
yesterday.
② It was yesterday that I met your sister
in the zoo.
如何组句成文
句子的推展(develop)和结合(combine)构成文章
1.熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的
过渡词;
2.明确表达文章主题（topic sentence）；
3.不得遗漏题目提示细节；
4.注意修改、审阅：
1）词法、句法是否有问题；
2）细节是否有遗漏；
3）拼写有没有错误；
4）字数是否符合题目要求。
过 渡 词:
表并列关系：and, as well as, also, …
表递进关系：besides, in addition, even, …
表转折关系: but, yet, however, although,
otherwise, in spite of, ...
表时间顺序\动作过程:
while, soon after, afterward, finally,
first, then, next, last,…
表比较、对比：
(un)like, on the contrary, on the other hand, …
表总结:
in general, generally (speaking), in short,
after all, …
表进一步阐述:
namely, that is to say, for example, such as, …
表结果:
so, therefore, as a result, thus, …