高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练(陕西省西安市雁塔区)

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2009高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练
名词、数词、冠词
一、名词
1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：
名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；
名词的格：通格和属格 （’s ）
名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或
其它限定词， 例如： some, many , this, my 等
2、名词的数和单位词：
1）复型名词 + 复数动词
The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.
备用词： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks
NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.
2）复型名词 + 单数动词
A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.
备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States
B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
备用词： five pounds, two feet, six weeks
3) 集合名词 + 复数名词
The police have surrounded the building.
Cattle are selling for record price (创记录）.
备用词： the enemy, (the) people
NOTICE: 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.
The family which now consists of four members at most is
smaller than it used to be.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a (an) + adj. + n.
It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）
a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.
备用词： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education
B.口语特例（特定场合）
A (One) beer, please.
Two teas and four coffees, please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）
Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）
备用词： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯);
ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡)
6) 单位词
A.个数
a piece of information (furniture, advice…)
B. 以形状表示个数
a grain of rice, a flight of stairs
C. 容量
a box of matches, a cup of tea
D. 计量
a metre of cloth, a ton of coal
E.其它
a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)
3、名词的格：
1）’ s 的用法
A . 与时间有关的名词
a night’s sleep ten minutes’ walk
NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours’walk
B. 和else 连用
book can this be A. Who else’s B. Whose else
C. Who’s else D. Whose else’s (A)
C. ‘s 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略
This is Jack’s book, not Tom’s.
This book is Jack’s not Tom’s.
D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等， ‘s 后面的名词省略
at the Green’s (house), at the doctor’s (office)
2) OF 结构表示所有关系
A. 无生命的名词用of
the price of the success
B. 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’t you look at the book of the boy behind you
3)双重所有格
‘s 与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a, an, two, some, that等
Miss Smith is a friend of Mary’s mother’s.
that brother of the girl
4)名词 + 名词 （名词用作形容词）
A. 单数名词＋名词　　a shoe (flower) shop ticket office
NOTICE: the tailor’s (shop)
B. 复数名词　＋　名词
　　　　 sports meet clothes shop women pilots
二、数词
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：
易错数词：
　年月日及介词
　计算用词
　和数字相关的词
2、综合
　 1) 数字表达：　　　123,856,709
one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and
fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine
2) 年月日 in the morning; on the morning of September 1;
in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)
3、计算
＋ 　 Six and five is (are) eleven.
Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.
－　 Four from seven is (leaves) three.
Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.
X 16 x 11 = 176
Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.
÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Nine divided by three equals three.
4、dozen, score
A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs
B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times
5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题．
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定．如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式．
More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.
70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.
6、“一个半．．．”的表达法．　　
one pound and a half ,one and a half years
三、冠词
１、冠词应注意的问题
　习惯用法
　同一名词前不同名词的比较
２、不定冠词
1) 成对的名词（此类名词间常有一种自然的联系）
a knife and fork
2) a most + n. “非常“ This is a most beautiful country.
3) a (an) 与 one 之区别
A. 数字对比用one It was one coffee we ordered, not two.
B. 对比　 A knife is no good.　 (刀子不行）
　　　　　　 One knife is no good.　 (一把刀子不行）
　 　C. 通用　a (one) million, a (one) quarter
4) a (an) 与every 之比较: three times a year; twice every three years
5) 惯用法　 A. What a surprise ! What a lovely dress !
quite a nice day rather a good idea
such a funny expression
B. too cold a day How lovely a dress!
so strange a person as good a map as
3、定冠词
1）普通名词组成的专有名词 the Great Wall the Summer Palace
2）江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾 the Pacific (Ocean)
3）the + adj. (-ing; -ed)
A. 指一类人，谓语用复数
The old are being taken good care of.
B. 指一类事，谓语用单数
The beautiful is not always the same as the good.
4）用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然现象（rain）、身体
部位前 He hates the telephone.
5）被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there,
dressed in blue ) is a student.
4、零冠词
1）街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
National Day Nanjing Road
2）职位充当补语、同位语时
He was elected headmaster of the school.
3）成对出现的成语
arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牵手), face to face,
side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old,
from door to door, from morning till night, from beginning to end
5、冠词比较
1) go to school (hospital, church); in prison (强调用途）
go to the school, visit the prison (强调建筑物本身）
2) I’ll go there next Friday. (以说话时间为准）
In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所给时间为准）
3) by air (plane, boat…) in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)
4) Open the window to let in fresh air. (泛指)
The air in the room is not fresh. (特指)
5) be at table be at the table
6) a cup of coffee Two coffees, please. I like white coffee.
This is a very good coffee. The coffee on the table is Tom’s.
7) Mr. White is waiting to see you. A Mr. White is waiting to see you.
The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you.
8) A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
9) the best season of the year the best time of year
EXERCISES 1 （单选）
1. ---I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
---Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a
2. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to have a .
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
3. He dropped the and broke it. A. cup of coffee
B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
4. There are only twelve in the hospital. A. woman doctors
B. women doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor
5. ---How many does a cow have ---Four.
A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D.stomachines
6. The of the building are covered with lots of . (AADBCA)
A. roofs, leaves B.rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D.roofs, leafs
7.That was a fifty engine. A. horse power
B. horses power C. horse powers D. horses powers
8. ---How far away is it from here to your school ---It’s about .
A. half an hour’s drive B. half hours drives
C. half an hour drives D. half an hour drive
9. Last week I called at my .
A. aunt B. aunts C. aunt’s D. aunts’s
10. You’ll find this map of great in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. usefulness D. value
11. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A.不填 B. a C. the D.one
12. ---Where’s Jack ---I think he’s still in bed but he might just be in bathroom. A.不填， 不填 B. the, the
C. the, 不填 D. 不填， the (AACDCD)
13. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A. the, the B. 不填，不填
C. the, 不填 D.不填， the
14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made some
important discoveries.
A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the
15. ---Have you seen pen I left it here this morning.
---Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
16. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the
country in thirteenth centry.
A. the, 不填 B. 不填, the C. the, the D. 不填, 不填
17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of
wool used.
A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D.不填, 不填
18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.
A. 不填, a B. the, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the (CCCBBD)
19． A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷） ( D)
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
20． He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. （05上海卷） (D)
A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character
21． I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction. （05浙江卷）(D)
A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense
22． Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.
（05天津卷） (C)
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
23．My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. （05安徽卷） (A)
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
24．The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ____ all over the country. （05辽宁卷） (B)
A．companies B．branches C．organizations D．businesses
25． It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______ journey.（05北京春）（C）
A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours
26．Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.
（08山东） A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a
D the internet 表示一类事物，a resource表示是资源的一种。
EXERCISES 2 (改错，每句一个错）
1. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already pre-
pared themselves for the entrance exam. ( year’s)
2. More and more middle-aged people in the West have heart’s trouble,
which results from high-fat food they like to eat. (heart)
3. You can get your library card in the teacher reading-room, which is on the
second floor. (teachers’)
4. His hairs looked disordered, with some gray hair on his forehead.
(hairs---------第二个)
5.Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to. My favorite fruits are
apples, bananas and grapes. (fruit------第一个)
6. The lady entered a room, opened windows to let the fresh air in, and
sat down in an armchair to have a rest. ( the windows)
7.Miss Nora is young, nice, kind and active. She is the teacher young
students like. ( a teacher)
8.They elected him the captain of the school football team for a second
time. (captain , 去掉the )
9.He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of playing piano.
( the piano)
10. No human being can change the law of the nature, though they can
change their own lives. (nature, 去掉the)
代 词
一、人称代词
1、多个人称代词的排列顺序：
①you and I ②he and I ③you and he
④you, he and I ⑤you, they and we(情况多)
2、It 的用法
① 代替this, that
That’s a book, isn’t it
② 做某动作的人或婴儿
---Someone is coming. Who can it be
---It may be Jack.
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl
③表示时间、距离、自然现象
It’s 20 miles to (from) Paris.
3、简略回答中用so, not, it 的情况：
①肯定答语中，下列动词后面常用so:
think, hope, believe, I’m afraid, It seems (appears), etc.
---Is it true that he had a heart attack
---I’m afraid so. / I believe so. / It seems so.
②否定答语中用not:
---Has Anne got into university
---I’m afraid not. / I think not. / It seems not.
③协力动词中也可以用not…so:
believe, think, suppose, expect, etc
I don’t believe so. / I don’t think so.
④do代替上下文动词，并且表示一个已完成的动作时，
do后常用so / it:
---Please lay the table.
---I’ve just done so (it).
二、指示代词
★that, one, it的区别
①one 代替可数名词，表示泛指; the one 表示特指; that代替不可数名
词 ，表示特指; 它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物; it指前面提到的
同一事物。
●There is an old engineer and a young one here.
●His attitude to me is that of a friend.
●I’ve lost my pen. Have you seen it (Have you lend me one )
② the / this / that / these / those + adj. + one / ones
I’ll try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that white one.
③the one后面可以接介词短语或定语从句
●The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class.
●The skirt (that) she made herself is more beautiful to wear than
the one (that) she bought last year.
④ one 不能代替前面提到的不可数名词
Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh milk. (不可用 fresh one)
⑤those , ones
● These machines are better than those we made last year.
● ---I’d like a pound of apples.
---Which ones
---The red (ones).
● ---Why don’t we take a little break
---Didn’t we just have (NMET2000)
A. it B. that C. one D. this (C)
三、物主代词
1、名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语，不能作定语
This is my cup. Yours is the one that’s green.
These things are mine. Those are theirs.
2、名词性物主代词与 of 结构连用
That brother of yours looks healthy.
He is an old friend of mine.
3、下列结构用 the 代替物主代词
He pulled Jack by the hair (arm).
He was wounded in the leg.
He was blind in the right eye.
四、反身代词
1、加强语气（可前可后）
The headmaster spoke to me himself.
→ The headmaster himself spoke to me.
● Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better
than they knew it .
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
(NMET 1996) (A)
2、own： 反身代词无所有格形式，用 own 表达：
I’d love to have my own room / a room of my own.
五、不定代词
1、every each
①every指时间: every other day,
every three days = every third day
②each放在复数主谓语之间:
We each have a book.
③each放在句尾:
She gave her children an apple each.
2、some- any- every- no-
①作单数看: Is there anyone here who is a doctor
②不与 of 连用: 不说　someone of; no one of. etc
可说 some one of; none of, etc.
③＋ adj. / to do (vt.): Is there anything for me to sit on
④＋ else: This isn’t mine. It’s someone else’s.
3、some any
①表示请求、建议的问句用some
Would you like some (more) coffee
②some + n.(singl.)
You will realize it some day.
③any在肯定句中表示任何一个（无论哪个）
Any child can answer that.
Give me a plate. Any one (plate) will do.
　 ④any (some) of ＋　限定词　＋　n.
some of the oil , any of my water
4、both all
①常用于助动词或情感动词后，但在简答中放在前面
● The girls are both ready.
● --- Are you ready --- Yes, we both (all) are.
②放在作宾语的宾格代词后面
He gave some to us all (both).
　 ③all单独用，指人时谓语用用复数；指物时谓语用单数
●All is lost. ● All are here.
5、either neither
① either…or; neither…nor 作主语，谓语的使用是邻近原则
Neither he nor I am going to London.
　②作定语，修饰单数名词
Neither (Either) book is satisfactory.
6、another (the) other (the) others
①another　　另外的，另一个的
Please show me another (one).
Do you need another cup
②another ＋　基数词(few) ＋　n.
I need another three days. (three more days)
③(the) other (＋ n.) (the) other
the other six (persons) / the others / the other day
7、(a) few (a) little
① few 的搭配
　 ●We had a good few letter this morning(很多).
　 ●Not a few letters were written to the magazines. (不少)
● ---How many do you want
---Just a few, please. (不多)
quite a few (相当多）
only a few (只有几个，几乎没有）
② little 的搭配
　 ●There’s only a little soup left.
● ---How much do you want
---Just a little, please.
8、much many
①(much /far) too much far too many
Your son got much (far) too much pocket money.
There are far too many accidents at this crossing.
②much修饰　●形容词和副词的比较级或最高级　
●比较级＋不可数名词
There’s much / far less water in the river than usual.
　 many修饰“比较级 + 可数 名词复数”
There are many / far more people than I expected.
9、全部否定与部分否定
①全部否定用词
neither nothing no one nobody none
②not与all, both, every, every- 连用时表示部分否定
Not all his work is successful.
EXERCISE 1 (单选)
1． I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with .
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
2. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like
to read stories by writers from countries.
A. some, any B. other, some C. some, other D. other, other
3. I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
4. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember .
A. where B. there C. which D. that
5. ---Are the new rules working ---Yes. books are stolen.
A. Few B. More C. Some D. None
6. Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. that C. any D. those
7. ---Why don’t we take a little break --- Didn’t we just have
A. it B. one C. that D. this (ACACABB)
8.It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or
what you are. A. one B. what C. that D. it
9.The Pakers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before
they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which
10. ---Do you want tea or coffee --- . I really don’t mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
11.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank
needs for the poor.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
12. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have .
A. it B. there C. them D. one
13.---When shall we meet again ---Make it day you like; it’s all
the same to me. A. one B. any C. another D. so
14. If this dictionary is not yours, can it be
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s (CBCADBD)
15.They were all very tired, but of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
16. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
17. It doesn’t matter whether there is only coffee or tea. will do.
A. Any B. Both C. Either D. Neither
18. He had little money, so he didn’t lend me .
A. some B. it C. much D. any
19. Money doesn’t mean . A. everything
B. anything C. any thing D. something
20. In this small town, knows .
A. anybody, somebody B. everybody, nobody
C.everybody,every D.somebody,anybody
(CCCDAC)
EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错）
1. Everything is better than nothing. (Anything is / Something is)
2. ---What’s on the table ---No one. ( None → Nothing)
---How many books are on the table ---None.
3. These shirts are expensive, but which we saw the other day were more
expensive. (but those we saw)
4. ---Do you have a camera
---No, but my father has it. He bought it a week ago. (has one)
5. When it discovers good flowers, a bee flies back to the hive and tells
others. It does this by dancing for them. (tells the others)
6. ---I’d like some coffee.
---Sorry, there’s nothing at the moment. (there’s none)
7. ---Here we have noodles, rice, dumplings and so on. What would you
like --- Everything is OK. (Anything is OK.)
8. Mary sends both you her love. (both of you)
9. Everybody has got two personalities-----the one that is shown to the
world and another that is secret and real. (and the other)
10.I was the first person in my family who would attend a university, and I
knew how proud my parents were, but it was impossible for him to
finance my education. ( for them to…)
形容词、副词、介词
一、形容词
1、多个形容词得排列顺序：
限定词（冠词、物主代词、所有格、序数词）+ 基数词 + 描述性形容词
+ 大小新旧 + 颜色 + 产地 + 物质（材料、用途）+ 名词
a beautiful new red dress a little brown box
2、系动词 + adj. ( 除 be 外的其它连系动词）
The cake looks good but it tastes awful.
3、subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)
The man is easy to get along with.
The bed is too small for him to lie on.
4、It is (was) + adj. + of (for) sb. to do sth.
下列形容词后用 of: good, kind, nice, brave, clever, careless, foolish,
silly, stupid, cruel, etc.
其它形容词后用for
5、the more of the two
He is the stronger of the two brothers.
6、倍数
three times as big as
This room is twice bigger than that one.
three times the size of
7、比较级和最高级的被修饰
①比较级可以被下列词修饰：much, far, any, even, still, rather, a little,
a lot, a bit, no, by far
It’s no use asking me. I don’t know any more than you.
②最高级可以被下列词修饰：much, the very, by far
This cake ought to be good, because I used the very best butter
二、副词
1、程度副词 (quite, rather, fairly)
★ quite: 不修饰比较级，但: He is quite better.
●表示程度，和可显示程度的词连用，如：old, interesting, polite,
tired, etc.
　　 ●类似completely(完全地)和absolutely(绝对地)，和下列词连用，
　　　 如：perfect, impossible, different, etc.　此时，可修饰adj., adv.,
v.,等.　 The job is quite impossible.
That’s not quite what I want.
★rather: 可与比较级及too 连用　rather older, rather too many people
●rather than　表示选择，“宁愿（前面）不愿（后面）”
I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
　 　 ●or rather 　 表示“更确切地说“
　　　 　I’ll meet him, or rather, I’ll ask him to meet me.
★fairly：　不可与比较级连用，与积极意义的词连用
　 ●强弱程度的顺序：
　 very → rather → quite → fairly → not
This film is very good. (rather good 胜过多数影片;
quite good 值得一看; fairly good 勉强还可以看看)
2、频度副词(often, usually, always, ever, never, seldom, hardly 等放在
行为动词前、系动词及助动词后
He is always making a joke.
●never, hardly, seldom等放在句首时，用倒装
Never have I seen anything so wonderful as that.
●简答中频度副词放在助动词及系动词前
---He is late again. ---Yes, he always is.
3、too much much too
●too much ① ＋ 不可数名词，意思“太多”
　　 I drank (far much, a lot , a little, rather) too much beer last night.
　 ②作 adv. You work too much.
③作 pro. Too much was happening all at once.
●much too ＋ adj. “实在太…”
You are much too kind to me.
3、形近词
　● ① deep / deeply deep into the night (the woods, the future)
be deeply moved (hurt, sorry) deeply regret
② late / lately / later / latest arrive (come) late
What have you been doing lately
③ near / nearly go (come, live) near nearly finished (midnight)
④ loud / loudly / aloud
● --adj. --adv.
an early train a fast driver hard work a deep hole
arrive early drive fast work hard drink deep
EXERCISE 1 （单选）
1.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) trick.
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
2. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don’t speak
the language. A. especially B. naturally C. basically D. extremely
3. If I had , I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. an enough long holiday B. a long enough holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
4. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for
his plays. A. better B. more C. the best D. the most
5. Wait till you are more . It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
6. It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as (DABABD)
7. Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor
people A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such
8. It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
9. If there were no examinations, we should have at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
10. How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard .
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
11. ---If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size in blue This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
12. ---Would you like some wine ---Yes, just .
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
13. Canada is larger than country in Africa.
A. any B. other C. any other D. another (BDDDBCA)
14. –- Mum, I think I’m to get back to school. ---Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
15. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao ---It was great. We
visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
16. They produced 20% grain this year than they did last year.
A. much B. little C. a little D. more
17. ---How does Amy like her new school ---Fine. And she’s
doing in her course. A. extremely good
B. extreme good C. extremely well D. extreme well
18. We have tried to persuade him to go with us.
A. possible everything almost B. almost everything possible
C. everything almost possible D. almost possible everything
19. Ann’s work was . A. as good as, if not better than ours
B. the best, if not better than ours
C. as well as, if not better than, ours
D. as good as, if not better than, ours (CBDCBD)
EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错）
1. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for
another helping. (so good that)
2. We spent a perfect day at the beach because the ocean was real calm
and the sun wasn’t too hot. (was really calm)
3. John always arrives lately for his chemistry class even though he leaves
his dormitory in plenty of time. (arrive late)
4. Mary is the more capable of all the girls who are from the South.
( the most capable of)
5. I like black coffee so much because the stronger it is, I like it the better.
( very much)
6. If you go highly enough above the earth, you will find the air is too thin
to support your life. (go high enough)
7. She spoke with such a strong accent that we could hard understand it.
(could hardly understand)
8. The governor has not already decided how to deal with the new problem
about pollution. (has not yet decided)
9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and
this is specially true when it comes to classroom tests. (is especially)
10. There was nothing more to do, so I went to bed earlier than usually.
( than usual)
11.Let’s meet direct after lunch, then I’ll take you direct to your room.
( meet directly after)
12. Jane speaks Chinese as well as, if no better than, any of the other
students in her class. (if not better)
13. One evening, while I was walking along the road, a poor boy was found
deadly by the roadside, which made me terrified. (dead)
14. It was very late to save the drowning boy, he had gone down for the
third time. ( too late )
15. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partly because the
person who delivered it had such a pleasant voice. (the better one)
介 词
1． be + adj. + prep.
be good at, be afraid of, be anxious about (of), be kind to, be fit for, etc.
2. be + v.-ed + prep.
be satisfied with, be worried about, be surprised at, be pleased at (by)
3. v. + prep.
agree with (to / on), apologize for, arrive at (in), believe in, depend on
4. v. + n. + prep.
pay attention to, take part in, make use of, have a word with
5. v. + adv. + prep.
go on with, go in for, go ahead with, keep up with, make up for
6. prep. + n. + prep.
in charge of, in time of, in place of, on top of, at the end (edge) of
7. out of + n.
out of breath, out of control, out of date, out of sight, out of work (order)
8. n. + after + n.
hour after hour, year after year, battle after battle, defeat after defeat
9. n. + by + n.
step by step, side by side, one by one
10. n. + to + n.
face to face, heart to heart
11. n. + in + n.
hand in hand, arm in arm
12. from + n. + to + n.
from side to side, from place to place, from door to door
13. a + n. + of
a bit of, a great deal of, a few of, a drop of, a line of
14. with + n.
with a long history, with satisfaction (care), with pleasure, with one’s help
15. on + n.
on a trip (journey), on a visit (to), on fire, on business, on sale, on watch
on the team, on show, on duty, on foot
16. without + n.
without help, without mercy, without delay
17. in + n.
in silence, in danger (trouble, surprise, fear), in high spirits, in love (return)
18.as + n.
as a matter of fact, as a rule, as a whole
19. by + n.
by now (then), by hand, by mistake, by this means, by chance, by the year
20. at + n.
at sea, at sunset, at Christmas, at the doctor’s, at the station, at a time
21. for + n.
for a moment, for a time, for ever, for example
22. to + n. (… + to )
to one’s delight (joy, surprise), to the east (west), to the right, due to,
thanks to, according to, to this day
EXERCISE 1 (单选)
1. The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare
time. A. from B. in C. of D. at
2. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened
to . A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
3. Would you slow down a bit, please I can’t you.
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
4. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard
--- , you failed. A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time
5. production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent
year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through
6. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it
right. A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up
7. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some .
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time (CDACCAB)
8.The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm
at the least. A. until B. after C. by D. around
9. You’d better some money for special use.
A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
10. Readers can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of
each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
11. If you keep on , you’ll succeed . A. in time
B. at one time C. on the same time D. on time
12. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college
entrance exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of
13.--- Will somebody go and get Dr. White ---He’s already been .
A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for
14. I was tired climbing up the mountain, and I am tired having
the same food every day.
A. from, of B. of, at C. in, of D. at, with
15. Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination.
A. to B. at C. by D. as (CBCABBAC)
EXERCISE 2 (改错， 每句一错）
1.There are some monkeys on anapple tree on which there are many apples.
( in an apple tree)
2. Water usually freezes when temperature is under zero and ice changes
into water again when the temperature rises above zero. (below zero)
3. Mr. Smith asked the students to retell the story with their own words.
( in their words)
4. In the end he told us the key to his success by winning the first prize.
(in winning)
5. Taiwan is in the east of Fujian and in the southeast of China. (to the east)
6.In reaching the village, we were warmly welcomed by the villagers.
(On reaching)
7. The two girls were in the same age. (at the same)
8. He drove away to the direction of London. ( in the direction)
9. We shouldn’t judge a person with his looks and clothes. (by his looks)
10. She has been teaching in this school from 1960. (since 1960)
基 本 句 型
英语的五种基本句型结构：
★ 主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)
★ 主语 + 连系动词 (SVC)
★ 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)
★ 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD)
★ 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)
S + V
He works. He is studying.
① 主语　＋　谓语(vi.) ＋ 状语(从句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主语　＋　谓语(vi.) ＋ 名词短语
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there…
① 主语 + be + 表语　　表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、
　　 介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等
② 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语　　　这些连系动词包括：appear,
continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain,
seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
① 主语　＋　谓语(v. + prep)　＋　宾语
It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主语　＋　谓语(v. + adv.)　＋　宾语
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: ● v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
● v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主语　＋　谓语　＋　宾语　＋　介词　＋　宾语
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his pare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)
① 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
Will you lend me your pen, please
She bought him many toys.
② 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词
Will you lend your pen to me, please
She bought many toys for him.
　　　 备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：● 主表关系；
● 主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当
　 主表：① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词)
② I saw him there. 　　　(主谓宾＋副词)　
③ I found the book on the desk.　(主谓宾＋介词)
④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词)
主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词）
②Where did you see him knocked down 　(主谓宾＋过分词)
③ What makes you think so 　(主谓宾＋动词不定式)
It 句型
1. It + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth → sth + be + adj. + to do
It is not easy to learn English. (English is not easy to learn.)
备用词：difficult, necessary, important, quick, hard, etc.
2. It + be + adj. + of sb to do sth → sb. + be + adj. + to do sth
It was foolish of Tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.
(Tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.)
备用词：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.
3. It takes sb + some time + to do sth → sb spends time in doing sth
It took him two days to find the elephant.
(He spent two days in finding the elephant.)
4. It is no use doing sth.
It is no use regretting your past mistakes.
备用词：no good, useless, etc.
5. It costs sb. + money + to do sth
It cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace.
→ The necklace cost them 36,000 francs .
They spent 36,000 franc on the necklace.
They spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace.
They paid 36,000 francs for the necklace.
They bought the necklace for 36,000 francs.
6. It + be + adj. (n.) + that-clause
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
备用词：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc.
7.It + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth)
It is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting.
备用词：strange, important,impossble
8. It + be + p.p. + that-clause
it is said that he has been ill for years. (He is said to have been…)
备用词：reported, known, believed, decided, announced, etc.
9. It + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.)
It is demanded that the homework (should) be finished at once.
备用词：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc.
10. It seems + that-clause → sb. + seems + to do sth.
It seems that they are talking. (They seem to be talking.)
备用词：happen
11. It is + some time since-clause → sb. has + p.p. + for time
It is three years since he came here. (He has been here for years.)
12. It is + 被强调部分 + that (who)
It is through struggle that we learn this truth.
13. It + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause
It is time for supper. It is time to have supper.
It is time that we should have supper.
It is time that we had supper.
14. It + be + long(时间段）+ before-clause
It will not be long before we turn our hope into reality.
15. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.
该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。
It’s like him to leave the work to others.
他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。
It isn’t like him to have said anything like that. 他可不是说出那种话的人。
16. It is up to sb. to do sth.
该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。
There Be 结构
1、主谓一致：
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
2、反意问句：
There used to be a well there, use(d)n’t / didn’t there
3、各种时态：
There will be a film this afternoon.
There is going to be a lecture tomorrow.
There have been great change in our city since 1988.
4、there be中的非谓语形式：
There are a lot of students waiting outside.
There were eleven people killed in this accident.
There’s someone at the door to see you.
(There being no bus, we had to walk home.)
5、含情态动词：
There must (may, might) be rain tomorrow.
There ought to be no trouble
6、与其它动词连用：
There seems to be a reason for changing their plan.
There are likely to be more difficulties than expected.
There happens to be nobody in the room.
I don’t want there to be any trouble.
7、there + v.
There goes the bell.
On the hill (there) stands a house.
8、There is no denying the fact + that从句（不可否认的......）
例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。
There is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
主谓一致原则
1、or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接并列主语时，
谓语与邻近主语一致
Not only she but also I am going there.
2、as well as, (together) with,,along with连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致
　　 Dr. Smith (together) with his two sons is going Paris.
3、there be 中主语并列时，可随紧挨 be 的词一致或用复数
　　 There is (are) a boy and two girls in the room.
NOTICE: There is a pair of trousers here.
4、both, many, several, few作主语时，谓语用复数
　　 Few are here this morning.
5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数
　　　Two feet isn’t long enough.
6、and连接并列主语的情况
　 ① My father and mother are away on business.
② The worker and writer is from Paris.
③ The worker and the writer are from Paris.
④ Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
⑤ Every (Each, No) desk and every (each, no) chair is made of wood.
⑥one and a half 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。
7、the + adj. (-ing, -ed)表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物，
　　 谓语用单数
　 The rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many countries.
8、Neither (of), Either (of), Each (of)作主语，谓语用单数
Neither of them is a driver.
9、any-, every-, some- no-作主语，谓语用单数
　 Is everybody here
10、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数
To see is to believe.
What I have done is what I should do.
11. all of, some of, any of, most of, none of, plenty of, percent of,
half of 等作主语，根据 of 后的词决定
the houses are on show.
　　 Most of
the work has been done.
the students are girls.
Ninety percent of
the money is hers.
12. kind of + n., 由kind 决定
This kind of apples is very good.
→ Apples of this kind are very good.
13. Such (倒装)
Such is what he said. → Such are his words.
14. east, west, south, north的倒装
East of the city is (lies) a lake. (are / lie two lakes)
15. 强调句中 It’s I who am going to Japan.
16. 定语从句中 I, who am a student, will be a doctor.
17.a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large quantity of , a lot of )
+ 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
18.a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但the number of +主语，其谓语动词用单数。　
19.代词 none, neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。
20. 一些只有复数形式的词作主语时( clothes , trousers , shoes , ...)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有a pair of 修饰时，则用单数。
21. 关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + that 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。
22. 以what 引起的主语从句 the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。
EXERCISES:
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was B. were C. have been D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved B. is not preserved
C. were preserved D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have B. had C. have been D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be B. / C. is D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being B. are C. was D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.
A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were B. are C. is D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away B. rot away
C. has rotted away D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were B. has been C. had been D. was
28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？”
“______ .” A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing B. were advanced
C. was advancing D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy
(BDADC AACBC BAAAB DCABC BBBBA BDCAC)
4. 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
12.解析：选A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。
15. 解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.
17. 解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。
23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
24.解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。
29.解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。
时 态
时态的综合问题
在说或写一句话时，通常要选择一个中心时态，这个中心时态影响其它时态 ，即时态要前后一致。
以“现在”为中心：若开始叙述或描述着眼于“现在”，则常以“现在”为起点，从而会出现一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或一般将来时连用的情况。
Our postman usually delivers our arrival at 7 every morning. It (be) nearly lunchtime and the mail still (not arrive). I (suppose) the mail (come) soon. Perhaps he (be) ill.
(is, hasn’t arrived, suppose, will come, is
以“过去”为中心：若着眼于“过去”，则常以“过去某时”为基点，从而出现一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时连用的情况。
We lived in the street. They (build) houses all around us then. We (be) there for 10 years and (imagine) we (stay) there for the rest of our lives. (were building, had been, imagined, would stay)
一般现在时
1、所有或任何时候都发生的动作或情况，即重复发生的动作
--- How often does she visit her parents
--- Twice a month.
2、永恒的真理 Summer follows spring.
3、 ①在条件或时间状语从句中
I’ll let you know as soon as he gets there.
②讨论计划和时间表或日程表时
We leave at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow.
4、固定词组如 I see（明白）、I hear（听说）、I think（认为、想）、
I feel（感觉）以引出已经了解的情况
I see there’s some trouble in London.
现在进行时
1、说话时正进行的动作或情况
Someone’s knocking at the door. Can you answer it
2、发展中的或正在改变的情况
The weather is getting better and better.
3、任何时候都可能在进行中的事情
I don’t like to be disturbed if I’m working.
You look lovely when you’re smiling.
4、表示将来
①可用下列词：go, come, arrive, leave, start
He’s arriving tomorrow morning.
②通过一个表示将来的的时间状语
What are you doing this evening
5、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比
①现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯
He’s not working very hard at the moment.
（目前工作不努力）
He doesn’t work very hard. （通常工作不努力）
②讲故事、评论事情、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件发生的事情
Harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and
Jackson clear.
（哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围）
一般将来时
1、用will, shall 表示
①决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时，常用I’ll----I will，不能用be going to ,因为它表示事先就已经作出的决定
---The phone’s ringing. ---I’ll answer it.
---Come to a party. ---OK. I’ll bring my friend.
②威胁和允诺：第一人称用will (‘ll)；第二人称用shall
I’ll hit you if you do that again.
He shall have a gift for Christmas.
③提议和请求：用Shall I … /Shall we… 表示提议；
用Will you… 表示请求
Shall I carry your bag Will you give me a hand
④I will/ We will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事； 不能用shall
I will stop smoking---I really will.
2、用 be going to 表示
①已经决定要做的事情
We’re going to France next summer.
②现在肯定讲会发生的事情
Look at those clouds---it’s going to rain.
③强烈的决心
I’m going to keep asking her out until she says yes.
3、用be about to do sth 表示最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要”
I am about to leave when there is a knock at the door.
4、用be to do sth表示预定要做的事情
The French President is to visit Japan next week
5、be going to 与 will / shall 的对比
①都可以表示预言
Do you think the car will start / is going to start
②讲到条件时（即如果一事发生，另一事也就发生），用will / shall 对将来进行预测，不用be going to ，即使条件没有说出来
If I give you money you’ll only spend it on drink.
---Come out for a drink.
---No, my TV program.
A. I’m going to miss B. I’ll miss (B)
6、一般现在时及现在进行时表示将来的情况（见前面）
现在完成时
1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作，常与下列词连用：for…, since…, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.
I’ve planted 14 trees so far this morning.
---How are you today ---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn’t feel B. don’t feel C. wasn’t feeling D. haven’t felt
(D) (NMET 2000)
2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在”还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever（问句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before
--- my glasses ---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen
(NMET86) (D)
eg. 1)--Have you passed your test
--Yes.
--When did you pass it
--(I passed it) Last week.
2) —Have you passed your test
--Not yet.
--When will you pass it
-- Next week.
对比： Have you seen this film （曾经经过）
Did you see this film （某特定时间）
3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与often, three times 等词连用
I’ve watched him on TV several times.
4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和for, how long 等时间词连用，此时常用替换词
This film has begun
How long has this film been on
begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead
join buy leave
be in have be away
5、其它和现在完成时连用的词: just,
in (within) the past (last) + 时间段；
对比： He has just fallen downstairs.
He fell downstairs just now.
6、特殊结构
①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause
This is the best film I have ever seen.
②It’s + 时间段+ since-clause (从句用过去时）
It’s two years since he died.
He has been dead for two years.
He died two years ago.
7、现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时强调动作延续到未来或仍在进行.
I’ve written an article. （已完成）
I’ve been writing an article. （还在写）
一般过去时
1、过去已经完成的动作、结束的事情，或在过去重复发生的动作
When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August.
2、used to :表示过去的习惯，现在不存在
I used to smoke, but I don’t any more.
3、用在it’s time, would rather, wish后面的从句中
It’s time you went home.
I wish I had a better memory.
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4、在从句中用来说明现在还存在着“过去”的情况
I’m sorry we left Paris. It was such a nice place.
5、could, might, would, should等“过去”的情态动词可用来指现在或者将来
Could you help me for a moment
I think it might rain soon.
Would you come this way, please
Alice should be here soon.
6、一般过去时与现在完成时在时间上的比较
①现在完成时所用的时间词:
since, ever since, for…, recently, lately, so far, yet, all this year, all my life, ever, never, already, before, just, in / during the last /past + 时间段, etc.
②一般过去时所用的时间词
yesterday, last week, in 1999, when, years ago, then, just now, etc.
过去进行时
1、过去某时正发生的事情
What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m.
2、在一个句子里，过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，此时，进行时表示较长的正在进行的动作，而一般时表示较短暂的动作或事情
The phone rang while I was having my bath.
When she arrived, I was telephoning Harry.
When she arrived, I telephoned Harry. (到后做)
The reporter said that the UFO was traveling to west when he saw it.
3、可用while强调同时进行的两种或几种动作
While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner.
过去将来时
１、从过去的观点来看未来，常用在宾语从句中或间接引语中
Last week he (promise) that (come) today, but he (not arrive) yet.
(promised / would come / hasn’t arrived )
2、过去将来时的其它主要形式
　was / were going to was / were about to
We were just going to ( about to ) leave when Tom fell and hurt his ankle.
过去完成时
１、过去发生的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成时
With their help I realized that I had been wrong.
2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况
　　He hasn’t finished yet.
He didn’t finish yesterday evening.
He hadn’t finished by yesterday evening.
3、常用过去完成时的情况
　①No sooner…than…. Hardly…when…
No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted
②expect, hope, think, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时（或一般时）表示想做而未做的事
I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didn’t manage it.
4、使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性
　 ①句意十分清楚时，可用一般时
After I finished, I went home.
　 ②常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作
I got out of the taxi, paid the fare（车费) and managed it.
　③有时必须明确，特别是含when时
　 When I arrived, Ann left.
　　　　 (同时见到）（见到Ann)
　 When I arrived, Ann had left.
　　　　 （先后发生）（没见到）
5、常用过去完成时的时间主状语
　 by the end of +　过去时间 ； by + 过去时间
by the time + 过去时间；　过去时间 + before
比较：
By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words .
By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words.
By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words.
By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words
语 态
１、含有被动意义的主动动词
　 sell wash write read
The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well.
This book reads interesting.
The pen writes quite smoothly.
This (kind of) cloth washes very well.
This cloth is washed. (洗好了）
２、常用被动结构的动词
　　 be born be married be obliged be hurt
be caught in the rain be covered with
I was caught in the rain on the way back.
３、主动表示被动的情况
　 ①知觉动词　＋ adj.
The material feels very soft.
The music sounds too loud.
②非谓语动词　
A. need want require be worth
Your coat wants mending ( to be mended).
B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)
The chair is comfortable to sit on
★ be to blame (该受责备）
　 C. There be
There are six letters to write (to be written).
③ prove　 -vi.　　（被）证明是
He will prove (to be) the winner.
４、get + p. p.
She got caught in the rain.
From then on, her leg got treated four times a day.
5、（人）+ be + 情感动词-ed
be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….)
His words astonished everyone in the room.
→ Everyone was astonished at his words.
be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with );
be tired of (from); be satisfied with;
be worried about; be interested in;
be frightened ( terrified) at
６、自动和它动
　很多动词既可以用vt.　又可以用vi, 但要注意：
The door opened ( by itself). The door was opened.
The village since we last visited it.
A. has changed B. has been changed (A)
The planned has been changed.
7、被动语态 + by (with) + 行为主体
　 by 后接人或物做某事
　with 后接手段、方式、工具
　　 He was killed by a falling stone
He was killed with a knife.
８、注意下列被动形式
①be being done
② have been done ③ be going to be
The bridge is said to be being built.
The bridge is said to have been built.
EXERCISES 1
1. --Nancy is not coming tonight. --But she !
A. promised B. promises C. will promise D. had promised
2. They the train until it disappeared in the distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
3. it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
4.Shirley a book about China last year but I don’t know
whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote
C. was writing D. had written
5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.
A. pay B. paid C. paying D. to pay
6. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at
the time. A. has worked B. had been working 1—6 (ABDCBB)
C. was working D. had worked
7. him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Watch B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Mind
8. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
9. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I the living room.
all day. A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painted D. have painted
10. --Is this raincoat yours --No, mine there behind
the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung
11.--Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday
--I , but I had an unexpected visitor. 7-12 (ABCCCD)
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
12. --Who is Jerry Cooper -- I saw you shaking
hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
13. Visitors not to touch the exhibits. A. request
B. are requested C. will request D. are requesting
14. –You’ve left the light on. --Oh, so I have, and turn it off.
A. I’m going B. I’ll go C. I go D. I’ve gone
15. --Do you think the STARS will beat the BULLS
--Yes. They have better players, so I them to win.
A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want
16. –Hey, look where you are going ! – Oh, I’m terribly sorry. .
A. I’m not noticing B. I haven’t noticed
C. I wasn’t noticing D. I don’t notice
17. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have take
18. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down 13-18 (BBBCAC)
C. has gone down D. was going down
19. Books of this kind well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
20.--Why haven’t you bought any butter
-- I to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
21. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
22.Have a good rest, you need to your energy for the tennis
match this afternoon. A. leave B. save C. hold D. get
23. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to
his old way. A. returned B. will return C. was returning
24. --You ‘re drinking too much. --Only at home. No
one me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen
C. sees D. saw 19-24(ACDBAC)
25. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.
A. lost B. spared C. separated D. missed
26. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that
nothing he does his boss. A. serves
B. satisfies C. promises D. supports
27. All the preparations for the task , and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been completed
28. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly. A. is changing
B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
29. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
30. The new suspension bridge by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed 25-30(CBDADB)
31. Time will whether I made the right choice or not.
A. see B. say C. know D. tell
32. The rubber plantation as far as the river.
A. advances B. extends C. lies D. develops
33. He came to my class every week, but his attitude he was not really interested in the subject.
A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested
34. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
35. Mother told Jim to the milk until it boiled and then turn off the gas.
A. observe B. watch C. notice D. glance 31-36(DBDABD)
36. The manager has to improve the working conditions in the company. A. accepted B. allowed C. permitted D. agreed
37. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
38.I don’t think Jim saw me; he into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
39. --Can I join your club, Dad --You can when you a bit older.
A. get B. will have got C. will get D. will have got
40.I don’t really work here, I until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
41.--Can I help you, sir
--Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
42. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.
A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell
C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell 37-42(BBACDB)
43. Tom into the house when no one .
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked
44. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
45. --Your phone number again I quite catch it.
--It’s 9568427. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
46. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was
47. The pen I I is on my desk right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
48.Helen her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband home. A. had left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would 43-48(ABAABC)
49. You don’t need to describe her. I her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
50. When Jack arrived he learned Mary for about an