2009高中英语疑难问题培训-词汇学习三步曲

(共65张PPT)
词汇学习三步曲
Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.
---David Wilkins
第一步：pre-reading(未成曲调先有情）
自如运用拼读规则，将读、拼结合进行到底。
重视重音，将拼写化繁为简。
用英文释义，将母语对词汇的干扰消灭在萌芽状态。
养成词块记忆的好习惯。
尝试将词及词块在语境中运用，以培养词感，加深对新词的感情。
name, take, make, lake, game, gate, cake, page, hate, base, taste, waste, case, date, tape, late, rate, made, lace, place, fame, shake, rate, skate, same, face,
snake, grade, paste, plate, tame, lame, fate, sake,
made rate plane mate
bag, bad, bat, cat, hat, mad, pat, dad, can, has, fat, gap, nap, sad, happy, lap, tap, bank, back, camp, fact, man, map, sat, stand, pal, match, act, fax, pack, black, rat,
snack, flag, crack, mat, cash, crash, trash,
made plane hate tape rate bake
mad plan hat tap rat back
rice, hide, bike, tide, size, like, kite, bite, ride, side, site, time, wide, ice, nice, five, nine, mine, mile, smile,
twice, hike, slice, price, prize, drive, dine, pine, dive, slide
bit, kid, nick, pick, sick, did, kick, his, list, hit, strict, this, trip, visit, fix, milk, chip, ill, ink, fill, kill, fish, quick, rid, twin, gift, win, mix, rich,
risk, sink, skin, lit, thrill, fist, rid, pit,
dig, sin,
wine bite hide ride site
win bit hid rid sit
note, close, nose, rode,
poke, pole, sole, dope,
slope, cope, hole, whole, coke, code, dose,
not, top, knock, pot, rock, shop, stop, dot, box, doctor, fox, cock, knot, fog, frog, blog, block, god, lock, log, dog,
nod, frost, sob, rob, shock, sock, mock,
note hope
not hop
scene, these, complete, she, he, theme
compete, delete, athlete
met, pet, bed, bet, men, leg, slept, kept, led, red, well, bell, tell, help, neck, next, step,
sell, cell, swell, spell, shed, sled, shell, hell, melt,
theme
them
muse, use, refuse, due, accuse,
cute, abuse, tube,
cut, up, but, cup, mud, such, dug, much, bus, luck,
mug, suck, dust, luck, dust
put, pull, push, bush, cushion,
u
cute, huge, muse, duke
cut, hug, must, duck
第一步：pre-reading(未成曲调先有情）
自如运用拼读规则，将读、拼结合进行到底。
重视重音，将拼写化繁为简。
用英文释义，将母语对词汇的干扰消灭在萌芽状态。
养成词块记忆的好习惯。
尝试将词及词块在语境中运用，以培养词感，加深对新词的感情。
abide, accident, damage, usage,
accent, ashamed, abase, abate, adopt, apartment, access, passionate,
abide, ashamed, abase, abate, adopt, apartment
accident, damage, accent, access
compute, computer, complete, continue, conclude, polite, conduct, official, concise, devote
concept, doctor, responsible,
device, decide, emit, empty, end, reduce, president, relative, rescue, event, entire, enter, prefer, permit
device, decide, reduce, event, entire, prefer, emit, permit
empty, end, president, relative, rescue, enter
都是小e在捣蛋
不能小瞧一小点 ’
grave gather about a:
delete pet event e:
mime lit president i:
note not custom o:
duke duck minute u:
第一步：pre-reading(未成曲调先有情）
自如运用拼读规则，将读、拼结合进行到底.
重视重音，将拼写化繁为简。
用英文释义，将母语对词汇的干扰消灭在萌芽状态。
养成词块记忆的好习惯。
尝试将词及词块在语境中运用，以培养词感，加深对新词的感情。
An English teacher must have the ability to provide definitions in English, using words the class can understand.
---Virginia French Allen
① 有利于复习学过的词汇。
② 有利于在脑中形成正确的定义。
③避免中文释义带来的干扰。
④有利于学生养成用英语释义的习惯。
cost: to have a particular price
pay: to give someone money for something you buy or for a service
spend: to use your money to pay for goods or services.
charge: to ask sb. for a particular amount of money for something you are selling.
theme: n. 题目；主题（曲）
the subjct or main idea of a talk, book, film etc.
manage to do sth: to succeed in doing something difficult especially after trying really hard.
try to do sth.: to attempt to do; make an effort to do;
try doing sth: to do or use something for a short while to discover if it is suitable, successful, enjoyabl etc:
第一步：pre-reading(未成曲调先有情）
自如运用拼读规则，将读、拼结合进行到底。
重视重音，将拼写化繁为简。
用英文释义，将母语对词汇的干扰消灭在萌芽状态。
养成词块记忆的好习惯。
尝试将词及词块在语境中运用，以培养词感，加深对新词的感情。
“词块 ”在词汇学习中的重要性
make a (public)statement, give a (formal)statement; greet sb with sth /by doing sth.; in greeting; association with…; catch a flight, miss a flight, book a flight in advance, a non-stop flight, a direct flight, a bird in flight; be curious about sth. be curious to do sth; out of curiosity, satisfy one’s curiosity, arouse sb’s curiosity, be burning with curiosity; in defence; be likely to, be unlikely to; in general,in particular, generally speaking, at a crossroads; feel completely at ease, put/set sb.quite at ease; lose face; turn one’s back to; shake fist in sb’s face; 等。
第一步：pre-reading(未成曲调先有情）
自如运用拼读规则，将读、拼结合进行到底。
重视重音，将拼写化繁为简。
用英文释义，将母语对词汇的干扰消灭在萌芽状态。
养成词块记忆的好习惯。
尝试将词及词块在语境中运用，以培养词感，加深对新词的感情。
创设大量的语境，以提问的形式让学生以句子为最小单位尝试使用新学的词及词块。
创设的语境注意“因地制宜，即景即情，真实亲切 ”，使句子鲜活，画面生动，给学生留下深刻的印象。
以Module 4 Unit 4为例：教师启发鼓励学生大胆运用刚学的词汇。
T: “How time flies! Almost a year has gone by since you began to study at WHS. Do you still remember the first day you met each other in the classroom How did you feel then ”
S1: “I remember very well how it was. I felt upset because I was the only one in our class from a neighboring city. So I felt lonely and uncomfortable.”
S2: “So did I. I found myself surrounded with strangers and didn’t feel at ease. Then I saw a lovely girl looking in my direction, smiling. At first I thought she was greeting someone else. But when I looked around, there was nobody near me. So I realized she was smiling to me, and I smiled back immediately. She didn’t know what her smile meant to me at that moment. It put me quite at ease and brightened my day. Now we’re close friends. Her name is Wei Mengyang.”
S3(Wei): “I feel fortunate that Luo Hudan(S2) and I study in the same class and live at the same school dormitory. We have three meals at the student canteen together every day. We enjoy each other’s company and have gradually found we have much in common. For example, we are both curious about the world we live in and want to do something to make it a better one. We both have a sense of humor. And we were both at a crossroads of life: to study at a local school or to go to WHS Later we both chose to come here. However, once there was a misunderstanding between us and we stopped talking with each other and even turned our back to each other. But when the misunderstanding was got rid of, we couldn’t help hugging each other in the dormitory and we have become even closer than before.”
第二步：while-reading. 语境中培养词感，
模仿中体验应用。
在阅读中猜测词义，在语境中感受词的语用。
词不离句，句不离篇。在篇章中运用所学的词汇，如：根据所读文章的意思，进行短文填空。
设计课文理解题，在回答的过程中，鼓励学生大胆运用新学的词汇。
模仿好词、好句造句。所造句子体现“新颖，真实，生动，鲜活”的特点，允许“怀旧”，“新旧结合”，突出“印象深刻，过耳不忘”。
“In 1974, Dr Yuan became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.”
The pioneers went west across North America, cutting down forests and planting new crops.
Yuri Gagarin was one of the pioneers of space exploration.
His ancestor was one of the pioneers of the American West.
Emma Hart Willard (1787-1870) was an American pioneer educator
第二步：while-reading. 语境中培养词感，
模仿中体验应用。
在阅读中猜测词义，在语境中感受词的语用。
词不离句，句不离篇。在篇章中有控制地运用所学的词汇，如：根据所读文章的意思，进行短文填空。
设计课文理解题，在回答的过程中，鼓励学生大胆运用新学的词汇。
模仿好词、好句造句。所造句子体现“新颖，真实，生动，鲜活”的特点，允许“怀旧”，“新旧结合”，突出“印象深刻，过耳不忘”。
Though a ______ scientist, Dr Yuan __________ himself as a farmer and works the ______ to do his research. His _________ face shows he’s one of them in many ways. He has _________for the past five d______ to grow super ________ rice to help them. He was the 1st agricultural ________ in the world to grow rice with high _______ in 1974.
Dr Yuan was born in 1930. Since he ________ in 1953, he has _______ his life to _________ways to grow more rice. As a young man, he r_______ the serious problem of _______and the great need for _________ the rice output without __________ the area of fields. Thanks to his e_______, China managed to ______ 22% of the world’s population from 7% of its farmland and the UN is trying to ____ the world ___ hunger.
第二步：while-reading. 语境中培养词感，
模仿中体验应用。
在阅读中猜测词义，在语境中感受词的语用。
词不离句，句不离篇。在篇章中有控制地运用所学的词汇，如：根据所读文章的意思，进行短文填空。
设计课文理解题，在回答的过程中，鼓励学生大胆灵活运用新学的词汇。
模仿好词、好句造句。所造句子体现“新颖，真实，生动，鲜活”的特点，允许“怀旧”，“新旧结合”，突出“印象深刻，过耳不忘”。
bond
chimp behavior
behave like
communicate with
understand
observe, record
social system
Compare Charlie Chaplin and Mr Bean’s acting manner:
Similarities:
brighten, mime, acting the fool, never feel bored watching, convincing, outstanding performer, well received,
Differences:
actor, director, producer, writer,
background
appearance
第二步：while-reading. 语境中培养词感，
模仿中体验应用。
在阅读中猜测词义，在语境中感受词的语用。
词不离句，句不离篇。在篇章中有控制地运用所学的词汇，如：根据所读文章的意思，进行短文填空。
设计课文理解题，在回答的过程中，鼓励学生大胆灵活运用新学的词汇。
模仿好词、好句造句。所造句子体现“新颖，真实，生动，鲜活”的特点，允许“怀旧”，“新旧结合”，突出“印象深刻，过耳不忘”。
The other day we saw a stranger enter the classroom without permission, looking around curiously when we were having a physics lesson. The teacher as well as the students looked at him appearing surprised. Then the teacher smiled to him and the smile put the stranger at ease. He approached him and spoke in a whisper that he was looking for his nephew. 夏城城
After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
Yesterday afternoon after the exam Lu Jie came across three girls from our class. They were taking a walk on the school campus, chatting happily. They felt completely at ease. It seemed they were satisfied with their performance in the exams. How Lu Jie envied them! （省会考）黄嘉勋
With the final examinations approaching, some of us are a bit worried. Some are even overcome with fear. However, it’s no use worrying without acting. So it’s high time we began getting ready for the exams. In general, only those who are well-prepared are likely to do well in exams. 陈涉雨
James, an American teacher working at our school, representing WHS, has recently launched a campaign aimed at protecting the environment. Every other week, led by him, a group of students went to rid the river near our school of plastic bags. Through his efforts, he hopes to raise people’s awareness of the importance of environmental protection. 葛颖宪
One summer afternoon, Ms He came in smiling, together with a tall young man with short fair hair and blue eyes. We all looked at him curiously. After he was introduced to us, he smiled and greeted us with a “Hello! I’m James. I’m from Michigan of America. 你们好！我爱中国”. We were all amused and impressed by his amazing Putonghua! 黄青
A month ago, the students of Senior One took part in an extracurriclar activity at Songmen to develop our social abilities. Wang Yue was the first in our class to climb over the 2-metre emergency wall, closely followed by Ma Meng. The teachers stood by, watching us climb over the wall one by one. When every boy and girl succeeded in accomplishing the task, with the help of his classmates, the teachers approached us smiling and reached their hands out to us, saying “Congratulations!” 张路璐
第三步：post-reading: 在完成“任务”中自如运用所学词汇。
动口不动手：结合话题，创设语境，练对话、演讲等。
动手不动口：布置任务，制作英文小报等。
既动手又动口：突出在“做”中学。结合任务，利用网络资源和网络技术，学生以小组为单位准备好PPT，用英语做 “presentation”，其他学生用英文进行评价，其中一项评价标准就是“对所学的词汇运用得如何？”有时，要求学生周末回家动手制作，然后用英语写过程及感想或父母的评价等。
If you were a chimp that could speak English, what would you say to Jane Goodall
Dear Jane, I’m Cindy, one of your chimp friends. I know that because we behave like humans, you showed interest in us and came to study us chimps. I still remember the day when I caught sight of you.
At first, I saw someone sitting and waiting in the shade of the trees when we woke up and moved off and then they followed as we wandered into the forest. To be honest, I was afraid of you at the sight of humans. I used to think that humans would hurt us or even kill us. But my mom told me that you were kind and you had been friendly to chimps. So I wasn’t so nervous. I played with my family in the tree, observing you from time to time. By the time we went back to our nest for sleep, I had believed that it was true you cared about us and would never hurt us.
Early the next morning, I saw you still there. So I picked up courage to get close to you. You waved to me, smiling sweetly, and gave me some delicious food to eat. At that moment, I thought you were the most beautiful lady in the world. To my pleasant surprise, you could understand our body language and communicated with us with great patience. It was so nice staying with you.
Many people say chimps are ugly, but you always say, while hugging us and kissing us, “How cute and lovely you are! I love you.”
You spent years observing and recording our daily activities in our own environment. During these years, we got along well with each other. You showed your love and respect to us chimps. And I want to tell you, we love you, too.
Your work has changed the way people think about us. For the past forty years you have been outspoken about making the world understand and respect the life of animals like us. You have never stopped arguing that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. As a result of your efforts, many chimps that were caught have escaped being killed.
You have been leading a busy life, and have gained great achievements. Whenever you got an award, you would share your happiness with us.
Jane, I would like to say “thanks” to you from the bottom of my heart. You spent all your life helping us chimps and caring for us. You are more than a friend. You’re our mother. You’re our Queen.
Dear Jane, I love you. We chimps love you and will remember you forever. 陈艺心
You’re at an International Summer Camp. Everyone present is asked to introduce a person from his own country that has made great contributions to the world. You admire Yuan Longping and want to talk about him.
Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born into a farmer’s family in 1930 and graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. As a young man, he dreamed of finding a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. Later, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow super hybrid rice, which turned out a huge success. As a result, one-third more of the crop in the same fields were produced.
His efforts make it possible for China to feed 22% of the world’s people from just 7% of the farmland.
Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Now he has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
Great as he is, he cares little about fame, money or a comfortable life. He considers himself more a farmer than a scientist.
I hope you’ll remember Yuan Longping, an ordinary Chinese with extraordinary achievements.
第三步：post-reading: 在完成“任务”中运用所学词汇。
动口不动手：结合话题，创设语境，练对话、演讲等。
动手不动口：布置任务，制作英文小报,举行作文比赛, 小诗创作等。
既动手又动口：突出在“做”中学。结合任务，利用网络资源和网络技术，学生以小组为单位准备好PPT，用英语做 “presentation”，其他学生用英文进行评价，其中一项评价标准就是“对所学的词汇运用得如何？”有时，要求学生周末回家动手制作，然后用英语写过程及感想或父母的评价等。
An Unforgettable Experience
May 12th, 2009 will be recorded in the world history.
It should have been a beautiful day. There was no sign that a terrible earthquake was on the way to Sichuan. At 14:28 in the afternoon, we were having an English class when suddenly I heard a noise which sounded like a train that was passing under our classroom. There must be something wrong with my ears, I thought at once. However, before I could think twice, the loud noise grew to a terrible roar.
And all my classmates looked into each other’s face with a look of fright. We felt the floor move! And the books on the desks started to move, too. We began screaming as we knew it was earthquake. At that moment, our teacher, Miss Li, told us in a weak but firm voice, “Be calm! We’ll be safe, and now, follow me!” We hurried out, running downstairs. Outside was very noisy and a great many people were running in all directions. It scared me. I felt like we were struggling and fighting for our lives. The whole building was shaking powerfully and I felt we were falling down. Finally, I got out.
But I was separated from my classmates. There were a lot of fires all over the city. I could hear people crying and houses cracking. The earth moved! Once a tall building was now completely destroyed and fell down just near me. Unluckily, the falling stones hit me and my left arm was badly injured. The town where I used to live was once so beautiful and now it was badly damaged and lying in ruins. Some roads were broken in two and the cries of people came into my ears all the time. A large number of buildings fell down and the pretty trees were cut down as well.
I felt my life had reached the end.
Later I learned that the mighty earthquake had a strength of 8.2 on the Richter scale. The number of people killed in the earthquake reached as many as 69227. 374643 were reported injured and 17923 missing. The whole nation was sobbing.
What an unforgettable experience!
By Ying Benben
第三步：post-reading: 在完成“任务”中运用所学词汇。
动口不动手：结合话题，创设语境，练对话、演讲等。
动手不动口：布置任务，制作英文小报,举行作文比赛, 小诗创作等。
既动手又动口：突出在“做”中学。结合任务，利用网络资源和网络技术，学生以小组为单位准备好PPT，用英语做 “presentation”，其他学生用英文进行评价，其中一项评价标准就是“对所学的词汇运用得如何？”有时，要求学生周末回家动手制作，然后用英语写过程及感想或父母的评价等。
结合21世纪报，课文及北京奥运会的报道，就以下话题分组准备PPT。
topic
My Favorite Event
The Olympic Theme Song
An Unforgettable Moment
My Hero
Opening Ceremony
Mascot of the Beijing Olympics
周末作业：回家亲自动手烧一、二个菜，然后写一个报告。内容包括：材料，制作过程，色、香、味如何？营养成分？父母的评价？学到了什么？
Last Saturday, I cooked two dishes by myself. One was stir-fried balsam pear, and the other was stir-fried carrot and pork slices. First, I’d like to introduce you the stir-fried balsam pear. The ingredient is only a balsam pear. Cut the balsam pear into pieces and stir them in boiling water for a few seconds. Then stir-fry them quickly with a little oil. Next you just need to enjoy them. They smell just like fresh grass and taste refreshing, not bitter at all. Balsam pear is rich in vitamin C and fibre but has a low level of fat, energy and protein.
For this reason, this is considered to be one of the best food to help people lose weight, for it can remove harmful things from our bodies and help us digest well.
Cooking the stir-fried carrot and pork slices is a little more difficult. First you have to cut up carrot, pork and scallion. Then pour some oil into a pan. When the oil becomes hot, put the pork slices in and stir-fry them for about 3 minutes. When the pork’s color turns light brown, it’s time to put the carrot in.
Next, stir-fry the mixture for one more minute and pour a bowl of water into the pan. Keep it boiling for minutes until the water is drying out. Then put the scallion in and stir-fry them for a few seconds. The stir-fried carrot and pork slices is ready. It has colours of green, red and light brown. It looks so inviting and smell so nice that you can’t wait to have a taste. It tastes delicious, indeed. Carrot contains much Vitamin A and pork provides us with energy and protein. So this dish is a good choice for those who like eating pork but do not want to put on weight.
It wasn’t the first time I had cooked dishes. But I still made a mistake. I poured a bit too much wine in it and forgot to turn down the gas while cooking the stir-fried carrot and pork slices. So the oil burst into flames. Fortunately, my father was standing by and he told me to cover the pan with a lid. Immediately, the flame went out. My father says I need more practice, for cooking is an important skill of life. I agree with him. Chinese food is the healthiest food in the world, because it enjoys wide variety and contains much fibre without much sugar or fat compared with western food.吴一博
小结：
1. 根据研究表明，单词使用16次以上方能在大脑皮层留下较深的印象。
2. 学生只有主动、自觉地反复运用才能留下较深的印象。
3. 只有和真实生活联系起来的句子才能在大脑形成鲜活的画面。
4. 只有通过大量的阅读才能有机会高频度地接触学过的词汇。
“Much more time should be given to other activities—activities which require students to use the new words for real communication.” P21 Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary by Virginia French Allen
教师在词汇教学中该起什么作用？