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2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分:语法专题(定语从句)
一、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人, 也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时不可省略, 作宾语可省略。例如:
The coat (that) I put on the 高考资源网desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语不可省略, 作宾语可省略。例如:
he building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)21世纪教育网
3.who, whom用于指人, who 用作主语, whom用作宾语。在口语中, 有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(宾语)
注意:1)当定语从句中含有介词, 介词放在句末时, who, that, which可省略, 但介词在关系代词前时, 只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the novel.请告知你从谁那里借的这本小说。
2)含有介词的固定动词词组中, 介词不可前置, 只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
3)that 作介词的宾语时, 介词不能放它的前面, 只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
4)关系词只能用that的情况:21世纪教育网
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰, 或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能用that, 而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam.
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时, 只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时, 只能用that, 不用which.例如:This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。21世纪教育网
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用that, 而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
5)关系词只能用which, 而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时, 用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时, 一般用which, 而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句, 用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了, 这使我们很高兴。
二、关系副词的用法
1. when指时间, 其先行词表示时间, 在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点, 其先行词表示地点, 在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因, 其先行词是原因, 起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
4. as 引导的定语从句
1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首, 而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.
2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时, 从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词, 则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
3) 非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected. 21世纪教育网
4) the same……as; such……as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
自我测试:
1. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
2. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
3. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
4. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
5. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
6. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which.
7. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who 21世纪教育网
8. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in
参考答案: 1-5 BCACA 6-8 BCD
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