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2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分:语法专题(反意疑问句)
解答反意疑问句试题, 关键在于读懂微型语境, 读出暗含的信息。再注意三点内容:即“一点相反”, 指“前肯后否”;“两个一致”指人称代词一致和前后部分时态一致。“特殊化”指不遵循常规的特殊的反意疑问句形式。因为并非所有的命题都遵循常规, 考题的高考资源网设计有很灵活, 因此考生所犯的反意疑问句的错误主要是肯定与否定, 人称代词的选用, 动词的选用等方面的错误。
反意疑问句的一般应用规则是:前面陈述部分如果用肯定形式, 后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式;前面陈述部分如果是否定形式, 后面的附加疑问部分则用肯定形式。但在交际运用中, 只知道一般的应用规则还不足以解决所有的问题, 以下几种特殊情况用特别注意。
1. 当陈述部分的主语是“I don’t think (suppose ,believe )+ that 从句”结构是, 疑问部分的主语和谓语需和从句的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致, 并且还要用肯定形式。
如:I don’t think he can finish the work ,can he 21世纪教育网
但:You don’t think he can finish the work , do you
2. 当陈述部分有情态动词must 时, 常用的有4种情况:
1)must 表示“必须”, “禁止”等时, 疑问部分用must (mustn’t ).
I must answer the letter ,mustn’t I
2) must 表示“有必要”时, 疑问部分则用needn’t .
You must go home right now ,needn’t you
3) 当must 用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时, 疑问部分要根据must 之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式。21世纪教育网
如:You must be tired ,aren’t you
He must be studying in the classroom , isn’t he
4)must 可表示对过去的情况进行“推测” (must +have +过去分词), 若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语), 疑问部分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语), 疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven’t (hasn’t)+主语”。
如:He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he
You must have seen the film, haven’t you 21世纪教育网
3. 当陈述部分有have 时, 表示“所有”, 附加疑问部分可用have 也可用do 。如不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时, 附加疑问部分用do .
如:He has a book , hasn’t he / doesn’t he
She had a good time yesterday , didn’t she
4. 当陈述部分有seldom, hardly , few , little , no , nothing , nobody , nowhere , 等否定词或半否定词时, 疑问部分要用肯定形式。
如: Few people know him , do they
5当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时, 疑问部分仍用否定结构。
如: He is unfit for his office ,isn’t he
6. 当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish 等时, 疑问部分的谓语动词用may ,而且前后两个部分均可用肯定式。
如:Iwish to go home now , may I 21世纪教育网
7. 当陈述部为祈使句时的注意事项:
1)如果祈使句为肯定式, 疑问部分用肯定或否定均可。否定形式在语气上更委婉客气。
如:Pass me the book ,will you /won’t you
Stop talking ,wii you
2 ) 如果祈使句为否定式, 疑问部分只能用肯定式。
如:Don’t speak aloud any more, will you Don’t be careless, will you
3 ) 祈使句若是以let 开头的句子, 表示“建议”(包括说话人和听话人双方)时, 疑问部分用shall we ; 表示“请示”(不包括听话人)时, 疑问部分用will you .
如:Let’s go home ,shall we Let us help you ,will you
8. 陈述部分用neither…nor , not only…but also, 等连接主语时, 疑问部分主语应用复数。
如:Neither you nor I can do it , can we
9. 陈述部分是并列句时, 疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问。
如:He is a teacher and he has taught English for fifteen years , hasn’t he
10. 陈述部分是复合句时, 疑问句常对主句进行反问。21世纪教育网
如:She didn’t live Hangzhou when she was young ,did she
在反意疑问句中还要注意一些代词的用法:
陈述部分主语 反问部分主语 例 句
one(指人) one或he One can’t be careful enough , can he / one
this, that, these,those it 或they This isn’t a fast train , isn’t it These are not your books ,are they
everything ,anything ,something,nothing, it Nothing happened to him,didn’t it
everyone,,everybody,someone,somebody,no one, nobody,anyone, anybody he或they(更常见) Everybody agreed to the plan ,didn’t they
不定式, 动名词, 其他短语 it Learning English well takes a lot of time , doesn’t it
There be 句型 be / 情态动词 /助动词+there There is no doubt about it , is there There will be rain tomorrow, won’t there
能力提高21世纪教育网
1. —Wasn’t it Mr. Smith who quarreled with you just now
—______
A. No, he was B. Yes , he did C. No , I didn’t D. Yes , it was
2. Listen ! His family must be quarreling ,______
A. mustn’t it B. isn’t it C. aren’t they D. needn’t they
3. Oh, Clark , ______careful , ______
A. do is; do you B. does do; won’t he C. Do be , will you D. is; will you
4. Be tough-minded , but tender-hearted , ______
A. will you B. isn’tit C. aren’t he D. are you
5. What he lacks is more patience , ______
A. isn’t it B. is it C. doesn’t he D. does he
6. When the teacher speaks ,we have to keep quiet , _______
A. don’t we B. do we C. doesn’t he D. does he 21世纪教育网
7. There is no light in the dormitory . They must have gone to the lecture , ______
A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
8. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera , ______
A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t he D. does he
9. If I knew the answer ,I wouldn’t be asking , _______
A. didn’t I B. did I C. would I D. wouldn’t 21世纪教育网
10. I’m sure you ‘d rather she went to school by bus ,________
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
参考答案:1-5 DCCAA6-10 ADDB
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