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2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分:语法专题(名词和代词)
名词:历年高考英语对名词的考查:
一、名词词义辨析:
1.对固定搭配中的名词的考查
此部分主要考查名词与形容词、动词或介词的搭配。搭配问题比较复杂, 有时是依据语法搭配, 有时又是依据习惯搭配。由于没有任何高考资源网规律可言, 语境的辅助作用又比较有限, 因此备考中应强调日常积累与总结归类。21世纪教育网
例1:Don't leave matches or cigarettes on the table within______ of little children.
A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance
例2:This is not a match. We're playing chess just for______.
A.habit B.custom C.fun D.game
2.依据语境选择合适的名词
此部分主要考查多义词在特定的上下文语境中的意义选择, 它要求考生既能掌握名词近义词之间的细微区别, 又要能够充分挖掘语境的内在要求, 这是名词考查的最难部分。
例3:lt can't be a(n)______that four jewelry stores were robbed one night.
A.coincidence B.accident C.incident D.chance
例4:-l'm sorry l stepped outside for a smoke. l was very tired.
-There is no______ for this while you are on duty. 21世纪教育网
A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation
二、可数名词、不可数名词及它们之间的转化。
高考对此点的考查主要集中在两个方面:一是考查名词的可数与不可数;二是抽象名词与普通名词的转化。
1.对名词可数、不可数的考查
例5:He gained his________ by printing______ of famous writers.
A.wealthB.wealths; worksC.wealths; workD.wealth; works
2.抽象名词与普通名词的转化21世纪教育网
例6:When you finish reading the book, you will have______ better understanding of ______life.
A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a;不填
例7:One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_______ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A.不填 B.theC.a D.one 21世纪教育网
三、名词作定语
名词作定语时, 通常用单数形式。某些常用复数名词作复数名词定语的情况要专门总结记忆。如:arms production, clothes shop, sales department, a goods train, savings bank, plastics industry 等。
例8:The______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
A.bicycle's shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycles' shop
答案:1-5 BCABD6-8 DCB 21世纪教育网
代词:下面我们来具体看一下每种代词的特点和高考考查要点。
1、人称代词
1)人称代词作主语用主格, 作宾语、表语用宾格, 但应注意以下4中情况:
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中, 或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用, 常用宾格。
—Does any of you know where Tom lives —Me.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时, 与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he. 21世纪教育网 21世纪教育网
③作表语人称代词一般用宾格, 但在强调句型中, 被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
2.物主代词 (1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
(2)one's own…=...of one's own 句式的转换。
(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
如: take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the l
eg.
3.反身代词
(1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
(2)反身代词和某些动词连有, 构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself,feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
4.相互代词(each other, one another)21世纪教育网
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别, 在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other's, one another's ,作定语。 一般来说, each other指两者之间, one another指三者或三者以上之间, 但现在区分已不明显。
5.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same)
6、疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose) 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
7.连接代词和关系代词 连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同, 主要有who、whom 、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句, 宾语从句和表语从句, 即连接复合句中的主句和从句, 并在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that. 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词, 它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等
8、不定代词
不定代词主要有:all、every、both、either、neither、one、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。
还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词, 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质, 并有可数和不可数之分, 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。
精典名题:
1. The Parkers bought a new house but______will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they 21世纪教育网 B.it 21世纪教育网
C.one 21世纪教育网 D.which 21世纪教育网
2.If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_______$ 15.
A.another 21世纪教育网 B.other
C.more 21世纪教育网 D.each
3. Few pleasures can equal ________of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some 21世纪教育网 B.any
C.that 21世纪教育网 D.those、
3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___ I will always treasure.
A.that 21世纪教育网 B.one
C.it 21世纪教育网 D.what
4.Sarah has read lots of stories by AMerican writers. Now she would like to read ___ stories by writers from ___ countries.
A.some; any 21世纪教育网 B.other; some
C.some; other 21世纪教育网 D.other; other
参考答案:BABC
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