2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分：语法专题（省略和替代）
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| 名称 | 2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分：语法专题（省略和替代） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2009-07-08 12:43:00 | ||
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2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分：语法专题（省略和替代）
省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现高考资源网在上下文相同的语境中, 它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复, 言简意赅。
一、省略
（一）复合句的省略
1. 状语从句由（al）though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导, 且同时具备下列两个条件：1）主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it； 2）从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：21世纪教育网
When （the museum is） completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if （it is ） possible.
2. 比较状语从句的省略。例如：I’m taller than he （is tall）.
The higher the temperature （is）, the greater the pressure （is）.
3. 某些虚拟语气的句子可以省略should。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if, 但从句要使用倒装结构。例如：Were I you （= If I were you）, I would go with her.
I suggest that he （should） study more English before going abroad.
4. 宾语从句中的连接词that, 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常省略。例如：
She is the woman （who/ whom /that） we are talking about.
（二）并列句的省略
为使句子简洁, 在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分。例如：
He often regards English as easy and （he often regards） French as difficult.
I could have stayed home, but I didn’t （stay home）. 21世纪教育网
（三）（简单句）习惯省略
1. 对话语境中前后省略。例如：
—How are you —（I’m） Fine.
2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如：They are busy （in） cleaning the room.
He spends his evening （in） studying Chinese.
We could stop them （from） moving the heavy box.
这类词常为waste/ succeed / difficulty/ trouble/ keep/ prevent等。
3. 省略不定式符号to。不定式作动词make /let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to, 但变成被动语态时不能省略。
例如：The boss made the workers work all day and all night.
The workers were made to work all day and all night.
在密切联系的语境中, 为避免重复, 作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如：Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
—Did you invite him to the party yesterday 21世纪教育网
—Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused to.
单项选择题考查的主要是状语从句、不定式和问句的省略。
二、替代
替代有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。
（一）名词性替代常用one, it, that, those, the same和人称代词或物主代词。例如：
1. Mr Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.
2. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
3. —He was nearly drowned once.
—When was that
—It was in 1998 when he was in the middle school
4. The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
5. —Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please
—Give me the same, please.
（二）动词性替代常用do, do so/ it /that等。例如：
1. —I told him about it.—I did, too. 21世纪教育网
2. He had promised to pay, but failed to do so （it/ that）.
（三）分句式替代常用so, not。例如：
1. He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too.
2. —Will it rain today —I believe not. （= I don’t think so.）
so用于替代宾语从句的分句, 表示说话者赞同前述事实, 表示看法、意见等的动词有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, say, hope fear等。Think so, believe so, expect so等变为否定形式有两种途径：1）用动词的否定形式； 2）用not代替so。但be afraid so, fear so, hope so等变为否定形式只用第2种方法。
与so有关的两个句型：
1. 表示说话者赞同前述事实：So + 主语+连系动词（助动词或情态动词）。例如：
—It was cold yesterday.—So it was.
2. 表示前述情况也适用于另一主语的句型：a）通用句型：So it is （was） with + 另一主语。b）只用于肯定情况的句型：So + 连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语；否定情况则使用：Neither （Nor） +连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语。例如：
He is a farmer. So it is with his brother. （= So is his brother.）21世纪教育网
I enjoyed the book and so did my wife. （= So it was with my wife.）
She didn’t come. Neither / Nor did her sister. （= So it was with her sister.）
三、省略和替代在高考命题中的应用
（一）高考命题中两者考查以单项选择题的形式出现
1. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. b
egins B. having b
egun C. b
eginning D. b
egun
2. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. don’t 21世纪教育网
3. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
—Not at all, ______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
4. He is at least as tall as his brother, if not ______.
A. tall B. taller C. so tall D. the taller
5. _____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received
6. —Why don’t we take a little break
—Didn’t we just have _______.A. it B. that C. one D. this
7. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which
8. Few pleasures can equal _____ of cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those 21世纪教育网
9. If you go to the cinema tonight, _____.
A. I also go B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will
1-5DADBC, 考查省略。
1. 考查状语从句的省略, 关键词为once；
3. 动词不定式中心词省略, 但须保留标志to, 否定前加not；
4. 从句还原为“if （he is ） not taller （than his brother）”, 习惯上可省去括号中的部分；
5. 虚拟条件句中省略if时, 从句要倒装。
6-9CBCC 考查替代。
6. one代替a little break；21世纪教育网
7. it代替上文a new house；
8. that代替the pleasure；
9在if引导的真实条件状语从句中, 主句使用将来时态, 从句使用一般现在时态
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
2009年高三英语精编复习资料第二部分：语法专题（省略和替代）
省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现高考资源网在上下文相同的语境中, 它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复, 言简意赅。
一、省略
（一）复合句的省略
1. 状语从句由（al）though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导, 且同时具备下列两个条件：1）主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it； 2）从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：21世纪教育网
When （the museum is） completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if （it is ） possible.
2. 比较状语从句的省略。例如：I’m taller than he （is tall）.
The higher the temperature （is）, the greater the pressure （is）.
3. 某些虚拟语气的句子可以省略should。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if, 但从句要使用倒装结构。例如：Were I you （= If I were you）, I would go with her.
I suggest that he （should） study more English before going abroad.
4. 宾语从句中的连接词that, 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常省略。例如：
She is the woman （who/ whom /that） we are talking about.
（二）并列句的省略
为使句子简洁, 在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分。例如：
He often regards English as easy and （he often regards） French as difficult.
I could have stayed home, but I didn’t （stay home）. 21世纪教育网
（三）（简单句）习惯省略
1. 对话语境中前后省略。例如：
—How are you —（I’m） Fine.
2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如：They are busy （in） cleaning the room.
He spends his evening （in） studying Chinese.
We could stop them （from） moving the heavy box.
这类词常为waste/ succeed / difficulty/ trouble/ keep/ prevent等。
3. 省略不定式符号to。不定式作动词make /let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to, 但变成被动语态时不能省略。
例如：The boss made the workers work all day and all night.
The workers were made to work all day and all night.
在密切联系的语境中, 为避免重复, 作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如：Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
—Did you invite him to the party yesterday 21世纪教育网
—Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused to.
单项选择题考查的主要是状语从句、不定式和问句的省略。
二、替代
替代有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。
（一）名词性替代常用one, it, that, those, the same和人称代词或物主代词。例如：
1. Mr Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.
2. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
3. —He was nearly drowned once.
—When was that
—It was in 1998 when he was in the middle school
4. The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
5. —Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please
—Give me the same, please.
（二）动词性替代常用do, do so/ it /that等。例如：
1. —I told him about it.—I did, too. 21世纪教育网
2. He had promised to pay, but failed to do so （it/ that）.
（三）分句式替代常用so, not。例如：
1. He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too.
2. —Will it rain today —I believe not. （= I don’t think so.）
so用于替代宾语从句的分句, 表示说话者赞同前述事实, 表示看法、意见等的动词有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, say, hope fear等。Think so, believe so, expect so等变为否定形式有两种途径：1）用动词的否定形式； 2）用not代替so。但be afraid so, fear so, hope so等变为否定形式只用第2种方法。
与so有关的两个句型：
1. 表示说话者赞同前述事实：So + 主语+连系动词（助动词或情态动词）。例如：
—It was cold yesterday.—So it was.
2. 表示前述情况也适用于另一主语的句型：a）通用句型：So it is （was） with + 另一主语。b）只用于肯定情况的句型：So + 连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语；否定情况则使用：Neither （Nor） +连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语。例如：
He is a farmer. So it is with his brother. （= So is his brother.）21世纪教育网
I enjoyed the book and so did my wife. （= So it was with my wife.）
She didn’t come. Neither / Nor did her sister. （= So it was with her sister.）
三、省略和替代在高考命题中的应用
（一）高考命题中两者考查以单项选择题的形式出现
1. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. b
egins B. having b
egun C. b
eginning D. b
egun
2. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. don’t 21世纪教育网
3. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat
—Not at all, ______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
4. He is at least as tall as his brother, if not ______.
A. tall B. taller C. so tall D. the taller
5. _____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received
6. —Why don’t we take a little break
—Didn’t we just have _______.A. it B. that C. one D. this
7. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which
8. Few pleasures can equal _____ of cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those 21世纪教育网
9. If you go to the cinema tonight, _____.
A. I also go B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will
1-5DADBC, 考查省略。
1. 考查状语从句的省略, 关键词为once；
3. 动词不定式中心词省略, 但须保留标志to, 否定前加not；
4. 从句还原为“if （he is ） not taller （than his brother）”, 习惯上可省去括号中的部分；
5. 虚拟条件句中省略if时, 从句要倒装。
6-9CBCC 考查替代。
6. one代替a little break；21世纪教育网
7. it代替上文a new house；
8. that代替the pleasure；
9在if引导的真实条件状语从句中, 主句使用将来时态, 从句使用一般现在时态
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网