定语从句 讲解练习
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定语从句
关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as
关系副词：when, where, why
*I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
*The doctor (who/whom/that) you are looking for is in the room.
*I know the student whose article was published.
1．先行词是人，用关系代词who（作主语或宾语），whom（作宾语）， that（作主语或宾语），whose（作定语）
*The boy( who /whom/that) John spoke with is my brother.
*The boy with whom John spoke is my brother.
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以将介词移到关系代词前面来，也可以放在原来的位置上。 如果将介词移前，只能用关系代词whom，不能用who ,that, 也不能省略。
在下列情况下多用或须用who。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，多用who。
Do you know the man who spoke just now
先行词是 all, anyone , one , ones, those, people 等时，多用who
*All who heard the news were excited.
* Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.
* Those who want to go please sign their names here.
在非限制性定语从句中须用who, 作宾语用whom不可以省略 。
* Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
* Mr Li,whom you saw yesterday ,will teach you .
在被分隔的定语从句中须用who。
* A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
在以there be 开头的句子中多用who。
* There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.
whose在定语从句中作定语，先行词既可是人也可是物。
* Mr King , whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
* It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.
whose在定语从句中与所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语，可以与介词一起放在先行词和定语从句之间。
* The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.
* Tom, on whose bike I went to school , is a friend of mine.
* This is the book( which/that) you want.
* The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
* The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.
2. 先行词是物，用关系代词 which或 that（作主语或宾语），whose（作定语）
* This is the room in which Lu xun once lived.
* This is the room( which/that ) Lu xun once lived in.
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以将介词移到关系代词前面来，也可以放在原来的位置上。 如果将介词移前，只能用关系代词which，不能用that, 也不能省略。
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
(2)There be 句型中用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.
(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl that drove the car
Who that broke the window will be punished.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there
(5)当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
(6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
关系副词（when, where, why）
先行词是时间，用关系副词when，在定语从句中作时间状语；
先行词是地点，用关系副词where,在定语从句中作地点状语;
先行词是原因，用关系副词why，在定语从句中作原因状语。
* I know the reason why he came late.
* This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
* I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Li.
注意：
先行词是时间、地点、原因，用关系副词when、why、where，必须保证它们在定语从句中作状语。如果定语从句缺主语或宾语（意思是定语从句需要一个作主语或宾语的词），那么就必须用关系代词which 或 that。
* I will never forget the days when we stayed together.
* I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
* This is the room where Chairman Mao worked and lived.
* This is the room which/that Chairman Mao worked and lived in.
* Can you tell me the reason why you are late again
* Is this the reason that/which you explained for being late again
*which引导的从句只能放在主句之后； as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
as常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。
常用的句式有：
as is stated above 如上所述
as is mentioned above
正如上面所提到的那样
as is known to all 众所周知
as anyone can see
正如任何人都能看到的那样
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.
4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
5. My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.
6. He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
3. as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须 是系动词；而which则不一定。
He is very strict, as is shown in his work.
The man is very learned, as is described in the book.
4. 先行词前有the same, such限定时，关 系词只能用as.
I have the same opinion as you (have).
Don’t read such books as are beyond your ability.
当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
5.主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
* The book which is on the desk is mine.
* The books which are on the desk are his.
关于定语从句中的谓语动词性和数的一致问题
1．当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致。
* She is one of the engineers who are from Germany.
她是这些来自德国的工程师之一。
* She is the only one of the engineers who is from Germany.
她是这些工程师当中唯一来自德国的工程师。
2.当关系代词为one of +名词复数 时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如果one前面用the, the only, 修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others.
A. who B. whom C. they D. that
2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.
A. works B. is working
C. are working D. has been working
3 . Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.
A. have gone B. have been
C. has been D. had gone
4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am
5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of who
C. both of whom D. both of they
6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned.
A. in whom B. about whom
C. from whom D. of whom
7 Do you know the man ______ just now
A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to
C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him
8. The man ______ has gone to Japan.
A. whom I told you B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him
D. I told you about
9. Please pass me the book __cover is black.
A. which B. its C. whose D. which of
10. The radio set ______ last week has been out of order.
A. I bought B. I bought it
C. which I bought it D. what I bought
11. All the apples ______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
A. which B. / C. that D. they
12. I can tell you ______ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
13. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
14. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. what
15. Air, ______ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A. that B. / C. which D. it
16. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
17. This museum is ______ you visited the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
18. This is the museum ______ you saw the other day.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
19. It is the third time ______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
20. It was in 1969 ______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
21. We often think of the days ______ we spent together on the island.
A. when B. which C. in which D. during which
22. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ______ I left ten years ago
A. where B. which C. that D. when
定语从句
关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as
关系副词：when, where, why
*I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
*The doctor (who/whom/that) you are looking for is in the room.
*I know the student whose article was published.
1．先行词是人，用关系代词who（作主语或宾语），whom（作宾语）， that（作主语或宾语），whose（作定语）
*The boy( who /whom/that) John spoke with is my brother.
*The boy with whom John spoke is my brother.
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以将介词移到关系代词前面来，也可以放在原来的位置上。 如果将介词移前，只能用关系代词whom，不能用who ,that, 也不能省略。
在下列情况下多用或须用who。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，多用who。
Do you know the man who spoke just now
先行词是 all, anyone , one , ones, those, people 等时，多用who
*All who heard the news were excited.
* Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.
* Those who want to go please sign their names here.
在非限制性定语从句中须用who, 作宾语用whom不可以省略 。
* Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
* Mr Li,whom you saw yesterday ,will teach you .
在被分隔的定语从句中须用who。
* A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
在以there be 开头的句子中多用who。
* There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.
whose在定语从句中作定语，先行词既可是人也可是物。
* Mr King , whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
* It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.
whose在定语从句中与所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语，可以与介词一起放在先行词和定语从句之间。
* The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.
* Tom, on whose bike I went to school , is a friend of mine.
* This is the book( which/that) you want.
* The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
* The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.
2. 先行词是物，用关系代词 which或 that（作主语或宾语），whose（作定语）
* This is the room in which Lu xun once lived.
* This is the room( which/that ) Lu xun once lived in.
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以将介词移到关系代词前面来，也可以放在原来的位置上。 如果将介词移前，只能用关系代词which，不能用that, 也不能省略。
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
(2)There be 句型中用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.
(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl that drove the car
Who that broke the window will be punished.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there
(5)当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
(6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
关系副词（when, where, why）
先行词是时间，用关系副词when，在定语从句中作时间状语；
先行词是地点，用关系副词where,在定语从句中作地点状语;
先行词是原因，用关系副词why，在定语从句中作原因状语。
* I know the reason why he came late.
* This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
* I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Li.
注意：
先行词是时间、地点、原因，用关系副词when、why、where，必须保证它们在定语从句中作状语。如果定语从句缺主语或宾语（意思是定语从句需要一个作主语或宾语的词），那么就必须用关系代词which 或 that。
* I will never forget the days when we stayed together.
* I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
* This is the room where Chairman Mao worked and lived.
* This is the room which/that Chairman Mao worked and lived in.
* Can you tell me the reason why you are late again
* Is this the reason that/which you explained for being late again
*which引导的从句只能放在主句之后； as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
as常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。
常用的句式有：
as is stated above 如上所述
as is mentioned above
正如上面所提到的那样
as is known to all 众所周知
as anyone can see
正如任何人都能看到的那样
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.
4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
5. My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.
6. He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
3. as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须 是系动词；而which则不一定。
He is very strict, as is shown in his work.
The man is very learned, as is described in the book.
4. 先行词前有the same, such限定时，关 系词只能用as.
I have the same opinion as you (have).
Don’t read such books as are beyond your ability.
当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
5.主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
* The book which is on the desk is mine.
* The books which are on the desk are his.
关于定语从句中的谓语动词性和数的一致问题
1．当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致。
* She is one of the engineers who are from Germany.
她是这些来自德国的工程师之一。
* She is the only one of the engineers who is from Germany.
她是这些工程师当中唯一来自德国的工程师。
2.当关系代词为one of +名词复数 时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如果one前面用the, the only, 修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others.
A. who B. whom C. they D. that
2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.
A. works B. is working
C. are working D. has been working
3 . Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.
A. have gone B. have been
C. has been D. had gone
4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am
5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of who
C. both of whom D. both of they
6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned.
A. in whom B. about whom
C. from whom D. of whom
7 Do you know the man ______ just now
A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to
C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him
8. The man ______ has gone to Japan.
A. whom I told you B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him
D. I told you about
9. Please pass me the book __cover is black.
A. which B. its C. whose D. which of
10. The radio set ______ last week has been out of order.
A. I bought B. I bought it
C. which I bought it D. what I bought
11. All the apples ______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
A. which B. / C. that D. they
12. I can tell you ______ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
13. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
14. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. what
15. Air, ______ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A. that B. / C. which D. it
16. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
17. This museum is ______ you visited the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
18. This is the museum ______ you saw the other day.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
19. It is the third time ______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
20. It was in 1969 ______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
21. We often think of the days ______ we spent together on the island.
A. when B. which C. in which D. during which
22. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ______ I left ten years ago
A. where B. which C. that D. when