高考英语2009改错新题型精品教案

高考英语2009改错新题型精品教案
主编人：吴军
2009高考英语辽宁卷“7选5补缺题”阅读填空题题样：
阅读理解 第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 73
The following methods may work best for you.
· Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
· Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
· Write your notes in your own words.
· 74
· Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 75
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构；第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。
7选5补缺题阅读填空题解题思路
●通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。
●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。
●除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。
●再分析各层次之间的关系。
●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。
阅读填空题详解分析：
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
阅读填空题的解题策略：
1.理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
如上述2009年高考英语（辽宁卷）阅读理解新题型题样中，第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways”与下面几句是解释关系，解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。
第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之间是总分关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，条分缕析，如“Whenever or however you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应，彼此配合，为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。
第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。
第四段的最后两句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是：
承接关系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）；
平列关系（如first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等）；
转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）；
层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等）。
比如2009年高考英语（辽宁卷）阅读理解新题型题样中的选项71，由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项；
如72 选项与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的E.项句子,或者是解释关系；
如73选项应选F.选项,与74选项平等的，是一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选A.项而非B项。总之，对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以上所述步骤进行；
如选项75与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D.项答案。
短文改错（Error Correction）属主观题型，要求15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。
1.错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2.缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。
3.多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。
2009高考英语辽宁卷短文改错题样：
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分１0分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同旧式写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Ms Smith,
I am secretary of the City Student Union (CSU). We were organizing an art
exhibition for high school students in city. This will be held on the 9th of July
in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai. More than 1000 painting will be on show, but
high school students and teachers from all the eight districts will come to the event.
As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we’d like to invite
For you to the exhibition. We would be grateful when you could join them that day.
Looking forward to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Ming
解析指导：
1. 从上下文中可以看出，要用现在进行时，而非过去进行时态。
2. 这里的城市我所在的城市，当然要加定冠词。
3. this指代是上一句中的an art exhibition，要用it.
4. painting为可数名词，既然是1000多幅，要用复数。
5. 这里是承接上一句的意思，而非转折。
6. be popularly with中要用形容词，因为这里作表语，而非修饰动词。
7. invite为及物动词，后面不必接介词。
8. 这里表示的是虚拟语气，要用if.
9. 这是一份邀请函，应是加入到我们之中。
10. 在look forward to中to是介词，后接动词时要动名词形式。
Dear Ms Smith,
I am secretary of the City Student Union (CSU). We were organizing an art
are
exhibition for high school students in ∧ city. This will be held on the 9th of July
the It
in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai. More than 1000 painting will be on show, but
paintings and
high school students and teachers from all the eight districts will come to the event.
As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we’d like to invite
popular
\for(去掉) you to the exhibition. We would be grateful when you could join them that
if us
day.
Looking forward to hear from you soon.
hearing
Yours,
Li Ming
(一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
　 归纳短文改错错误类型:
(一) 词法的测试
1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。
2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名词应用复数形式。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改为an
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.
2) …I’m the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I … under 改为 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on
5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest
是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.
4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1) 动词的时态、语态
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改为 play; for 改为with
2) 易混动词使用错误
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用 raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3) 非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.
8. 词语固定搭配:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。
4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful. 解析： not only… but also…为固定结构，故将and 改为but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构
6) He spends too much time play games. spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构
(一) 词法的测试
1. 名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
5. 容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。
8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
(二) 句法的测试：
1主谓语在数上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is
2名词性从句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。
3定语从句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为 which
4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that
5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：
1上下文中的时态是否一致；
2上下文中的代词是否一致；
3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；
4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
(四) 注意问题：
短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多人对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。
解题方法：
（1）在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;
（2）确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误;
（3）在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误（注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词）;
（4）注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;
（5）若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。
短文改错分析（一） 多词
1. 多冠词
①不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。
Modern people know moue about the health, have better food…
②与by连用的交通工具及air ,land, sea等名词前不用冠词。
有些名词school, class, hospital, church, prison, bed , table, town与相应介词连用，表示有关活动时不用冠词。Eg: in prison / at table/ go to school
③球类运动，棋类游戏前不用冠词。
Play basketball 、play chess
most作“非常”解时前不用冠词the
She is most pretty.
④As/ though 引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的名词不用冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
⑤固定搭配中不可多冠词
Suddenly , I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .
The dog was taken a care of when we left the house.
2. 多介词
we practise for three times every week….
……but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
last night, next week , this year, one day, three times直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词
For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
①有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中是及物动词，由于受汉语的影响，可能多一个介词。
Serve for the people ； follow after the teacher； marry with her；
Make him as our monitor； play with Tom in a match。
②有些表示地点的副词，其意义中一包含 to ，如果在加 to ，则多余
on one’s way to there ；return to home ； go to upstairs。
③有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复和介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词多余。同样，有些动词短语是“动词 + 介词”结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词多余。
If you won’t go ,I will go instead of.
She listened to but heard nothing。
④有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时，须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。
I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting。
I am sorry for that he won‘t come 。
3．词义重叠
whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher。
1）．有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠
return back； repeat again； flee away； enter into； blue colour； stop down； raise up； unpack open。
2）．定语从句中的一个宾语，已由关系代词取代，再用一个代词是多余的
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady I met her last week。
不定式做定语后多了代词。
The question is difficult to answer it.
We had a lot of cars to wash them.
3）．单音节的形容词或副词比较级，不能和more；most 重用。
People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past。
4）．冗言现象
Today I visited the Smiths--- my first time visit to an American family。
We make him our monitor, but he refused.
His parents were prevented him from being sent to Tibet.
I saw all the whole people in the city playing the chess.
5）．状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
Though he tried his best， but he failed。
The more he has ，and the more he wants。
As long as you follow my advice, so you must catch up with others in your class.
6）．充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。
In the last five years that they have climbed churches。。。。
。。。in other places where you are limited to a certain number。
7）．充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。 Sitting down，and he began to work。
8）．从属连词后多一个 that。 She was absent from the meeting because that she was ill。
9）．复合宾语前多一个that。 I found that her lying on the ground。
3．固定搭配中多词
I was used to watch it every night。 （“过去常常” used to）
。。。in any other words ，I am an only child。（in other words“换句话说”）
4．行文逻辑上多词 First ，let me tell you something more about myself。
（由first 可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事,故只能说something ,而不能加more…….）
5．多不定式to
1） 四看、三使、两听、一感觉后多to He let his mother to wash his coat.
2） why not 后多to Why not to borrow even more money from you father-in-low.
3） 情态动词后多 to He should to help us as soon as possible.
4） “除了。。以外”后多to We did nothing but to wait for him yesterday.
6．多not
1） too….to….结构中多 not This film is too useless not to see for our students.
2） unless从句中多not I did not attend his party unless he didn’t invite me.
7．多助动词do, will, shall
!) if 、unless 引导的从句不用will, shall
You can remember all those words if you will go over then in time.
2）宾从用肯定句
Can you tell us when did they came back
短文改错分析（二）少词
（一）、少冠词
①名词前缺限定词
Each player must obey ∧captain，who is the leader of the team。
The town has population of forty thousand. Wish you wonderful time on your birthday.
☆ 在“so +形容词+可数名词单数 ”结构中，名词前不能缺 a 或an
This is so good a book that we will buy it.
This is such a good book that we will buy it.
☆ little，few表示肯定时，前面不能少 a 意为 “一些 ” a little water， “每个几分钟”every few minutes
There are more than fifty students in his class, but only few of them like music.
②有些不可数名词 （metal，beauty，iron，tea，coffee，ice，youth，pleasure，success，failure。。。），表示“一种，一个，一杯”应加a/an。 Work is a pleasure to me 。
③“the +姓氏复数”表示一家人，the 不能省 The Browns like to go skating。
④表示“两者之中比较。。。。的一个”时，比较级前应加the。 He is the taller of the two boys。
⑤在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词， 如：his/ that/ Tom‘s/ the/ a
When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook ∧ head.
Of all the students I made fewest mistakes in the exam.
（二）少to
⑥缺动词不定式符号
……and will do all they can ∧ make sure that I get a good education。
She is thinking about what do next. He didn’t want share things with other people
Sorry, your letter is still in my pocket. I forgot post it.
I wonder if you will be kind carry the bag for me.
⑦不定式作后置定语,符号to 不可省 But then there are always more mysteries ∧ look into。
⑧两个实意动词不能并列使用,中间常用to 连用 They are working ∧ improve health all over the world。
◆feel/ hear/ let /make/ have /see /notice/ watch/ observe等动词变成被动结构时,当主语不足语的不定式, 不省to。Little Tom was made ∧ do heavy work。
⑨为了避免重复前面的动词,后面的不定式常常省略,但不可省to
We wanted to go there , but we weren’t able ∧.
（三）少系动词 （be、been、being）
They ∧ eager to know everything about China。。。。
The book is said to have translated into several languages.
.I don’t think the woman easy to get along with.
⑩ 由于受汉语的影响,有些形容词做表语时,常常缺系动词.
She ∧afraid of her boss。What your favorite sport
⑾ 在被动结构中,由于缺少助动词,变成了主动语态,造成错误。
I t was raining hard and he prevented from going out.
……and let you know when the book you want has ∧ returned and is ready for you to pick up。
The programme is shown now。
（4） 缺介词
…..but the others spent a lot ∧ time arguing。
I need a piece cloth to wipe out the mud with.
⑿ 改错题对介词的考查, 重点是一些固定搭配.
When I have free time, I go ∧a long walk…..
She was just about get into sleep when the baby began to cry.
I just couldn’t think of a way solving the problem at that time.
(13) 名词后跟介词
His advice how to improve our writing sounds reasonable.
The way reading the storied is taught by English teacher.
（五）缺连词 （and 、so 、but、or ）、 （when、 after、 before、 since、 that。。。）
In one class，I learned ∧ it rained……
Tom is a good boy, except he is sometimes a little careless.
1） 在汉语中,分句与分句之间往往不用连词,但在英语中却不行.
It began to rain， and they had to stop working。
She knows quite a few English words, she’s only a girl of six.
2） 受母语影响,几个同类词并列连用时,他们之间往往不可省缺一连词.
I told mother ,father, ∧all my friends here what a great time I had。
He looked inside ∧ saw nothing.
3） that引导的主语从句置于句首时, that常常不能省. (it 做形式主语that常常不能省 )
That light travels in straight line is known to all.
It is said that they have won the game.
4） 引导同位语从句的连词that / when 等不可省.
He came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer.
I have no idea when he will return.
5）在even if / even though / as if / as though短语中,第二个连词不可省.
He walks as he were drunk..
（六） 定语从句中少连词或冠词:
All happened in our school was quite unexpected.
You are only one of the workers I can trust.
The boy told the teacher all had happened.
I can told you all was terrible.
（七） 注意虚拟语气、倒装、强调结构的特殊形式
If you told me about it , I would have helped you.
Little I know when it was impolite to get in a word.
It was until midnight that he felt asleep.
（六）少 it
结构 find it adj to do sth find it asj that …..
They found easy to get along with their English teacher.
The sun’s light and heat make possible for plants to grow better.
I considered easy that we can get along with those little children.
（七）常见介词的省略 （to、 of 、in 、on、 about、 with、for）
Skate ---skate on live ---live in explain to sb hear ---hear of know ---know about
Except ---except for because ---because of thanks ----thanks to shoot –shoot at study ---study in
Wait ---wait for keep….from find---find out
短文改错分析（三）错词
（一）名词有错误：
①可数名词单复数误用 She said that she and my schoolmate all washed me success,….
②要能请名词是可数名词还是不可数名词 We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
③要掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则 There are branch library in many villages.
④要注意一些单复数的特殊变化。 要熟练运用名词的所有格
（二）动词错误：
1）时态误用----------是近几年高考考察的热点（以现在时，过去时为主）
I learn about you from my teacher, Miss Fang.
I am happy with the story, but the others spent a lot of time….
注意：Since、before、 hardly（scarcely ） ….when 、 no sooner….than 、 if （unless，when）引起的状语从句与主句的前后时态要保持一致。
It is three years before we met together at the school gate。
2） 非谓语动词误用 It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home .
3） v---ing形式做主语、宾语、状语是高考考察的热点。
Play football not only makes us grow up…..
I will spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it
After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.
4） 过去分词和现在分词的区别是高考考察的热点。 After an hour or so, we began to feel very frightening.
5） 情态动词后应用动词原形，却误用了非谓语动词。
David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village.
6） 被动语态中的过去分词误用动词原形。 Books may be keep for four weeks .
7） 掌握好动词不定式带 to 与不带 to 的差异。有些动词后接不定式、有些动词后接动名词，应牢记。
Mind、 risk 、put off、 practice、 succeed in、 understand 、be busy 、look forward to、 admit 、allow、 consider can’t help 、keep on 、miss、 imagine、 insist on、 suggest 、stop 、enjoy 、delay 、avoid、 be used to 、escape、 excuse、 finish 、be worth、 advise、 give up
1) He can’t help crying when he heard the news about his friend and wrote a letter to him
2) I look forward to hear from you soon and told all that happened in our school.
3) I advised your drinking a little which was made in GuiZhou and smoked less than before.
（三） 不一致
一） 主谓不一致
1） 一般取决于前面主语的单复数。Tom as well as his parents are fond of basketball match .
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
2） not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or…..等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应是临近原则。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
3） there be 结构中，谓语动词的单复数应是临近原则。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
There stand a school and three trees in front of the river.
4） 注意把集合名词(family, class, team…)和不定代词(all, none..)放在具体语境中，判断其谓语动词的单复数
My family likes watching basketball matches after supper.
The food is short, and all are stored in a small house.
2） 代词不一致
1）形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的运用能力。
1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home . Now someone at home reads instead.
2. Each of them learned to work for his team and not for him on the football field
3． It can be useful for yourself
4． I enjoy working with she，but sometimes she hate to study with mine.
5. And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I .
2） 根据上下文判断，出现了代词不一致
…and they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game
3） 人称代词性别上的误用也是考察的热点之一。 I loved the old lady because he always helped me before.
4 ) 考察不定代词
He never helped other.
Some wanted to eat apples while other preferred bananas
5) 一致与平行
The price of the food is less expensive than them of the vegetable.
He put them in a secret place where I couldn’t find. Then he ate it all by himself.
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
He preferred skating on the ice to swim in summer with his friends.
（三） 连词误用（before、after、when、until、since、unless、if）状语从句引导词的误用。
She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
It was five years after we were married in in 1969.
1） 正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
2） 熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连词： （ and、 or、but、 so、 therefore 、however）
She was smiling but nodding at me .
3） 弄请whether和if的含义及用法区别
….and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you….
If you are a teacher or student， you must obey the school rules。
4） 关系代词与关系副词误用
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China .
We never forgot those days when we spent in the village。
5） 正确区分关系代词之间的区别，尤其是that 和which的区别。
…in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.
6） 正确区分副词与关系副词，并掌握其用法。There are still some countries there people have shorter lives.
7）
（四）词性误用
1） 词性误用指的是形容词与名词混淆，副词与形容词混淆，尤其是弄清它在句中所作的成分。
Also the sport teaches us the important of obedience.
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.
I am sure we will have a wonderfully time together。
2） 限定词误用
Today I visited the Smiths----my first visit to a American family，
We may be one family and live under a same roof，。。。。
3） 词义辨析错误
They did not want me to do any work at family，。。。。
Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas come
实战演练指导：
短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
短文改错一
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over in
my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon became best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s
parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.
Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay
in hospital for a week. Li Ming came see me everyday. Then his father has changed jobs and they
moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each
other.
短文改错二
Dear Robert,
Thank for your letter of May 12th . How glad I was when I get it. I’d
be very happy to be your pen friends. Now allow me introduce myself to
you. I’m a boy student aged seventeen, study in Senior Three of Hongqi
High School. I’m a monitor of my class. I am about to take the National
Matriculation Entrance Test after twenty days, that is, between June
7 and 8．You know, I want very much to be a doctor working for poor
peasants that I try to make fully use of every hour and study far into
the night every day.
总结：
●
●
●
●
●
●
短文改错一（每小题1分，共10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007. I was walking along Park Road towards the east while an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while she was crossing the road He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop and drive off at full speed heading west. I noticed the driver was young woman wore a pair of glasses and the plate number was AC864. After two minutes later, I stopped a passed car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.
短文改错二（每小题1分，共10分）
One day Rosa wrote to her friend, who was a doctor, invite him to have dinner with her families. A few days later the doctor wrote back to her but she couldn’t read his writing because the letters were written careless. Then she asked her husband for the help, but he couldn’t read it, too. Then her husband got an idea. He told her that a chemist might be able read the doctor’s letter. So the woman went to chemist’s. The chemist in the shop studied the letter for a long time but he gave her a large bottle of medicine. He told the woman she would eat twelve pills a day. Finally Rosa still had no idea whether her friend will come or not.
短文改错三（每小题1分，共10分）
Helen was a twenty-years-old girl. She has never had a job before. Now she
wanted to get a work. So she went to meet Mr Black, the manager of hotel. Mr Black
told her it was getting very busy in the hotel at the evening. He ask her
if she was interesting in a part-time job. The girl said that she did. Then
Mr Black said she had to work very fast and that she must be there at six every
afternoon and work from six to ten, from Monday to Friday. He offered her with 4.5
dollars an hour. Hellen pleased with the offer and decided to start work the next day.
短文改错四（每小题1分，共10分）
May I have your attention please I have a few things to tell you.
When you have class here in the language lab, please be here a little early.
Change your shoes before enter the lab. Don't bring anything here besides your
textbooks. When you are in, please don't touch these machine without permission.
Always do as the teacher tell you to. In class you should only speak the English,
not Chinese. Recorders can be used make a copy of the listening materials.
When class over, turn off your machines and leave the lab one by one.
短文改错一(10分)
It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007. I was walking along Park Road towards the
on
east while an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the street. Then I saw a
when side
yellow car drive up Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road. The next moment
make
the car hit the man while she was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop
he
and drive off at full speed heading west. I noticed the driver was∧young woman ∧wore a pair
drove a who/改为wearing
of glasses and the plate number was AC864. After two minutes later, I stopped a passed car
passing
and took the old man to the nearest hospital.
短文改错二(10分)
One day Rosa wrote to her friend, who was a doctor, invite him to have dinner with her
inviting
families. A few days later the doctor wrote back to her but she couldn’t read his writing
family
because the letters were written careless. Then she asked her husband for the help, but he
carelessly
couldn’t read it, too. Then her husband got an idea. He told her that a chemist might be
either
able∧ read the doctor’s letter. So the woman went to∧ chemist’s. The chemist in the
to a
shop studied the letter for a long time but he gave her a large bottle of medicine. He told
and
the woman she would eat twelve pills a day. Finally Rosa still had no idea whether her
take
friend will come or not.
would
短文改错三(10分)
Helen was a twenty-years-old girl. She has never had a job before. Now she
year had
wanted to get a work. So she went to meet Mr Black, the manager of ^ hotel. Mr Black
job a
told her it was getting very busy in the hotel at the evening. He ask her
in asked
if she was interesting in a part-time job. The girl said that she did. Then
interested was
Mr Black said she had to work very fast and that she must be there at six every
afternoon and work from six to ten, from Monday to Friday. He offered her with 4.5
dollars an hour. Hellen ^ pleased with the offer and decided to start work the next day.
Was
短文改错四(10分)
May I have you attention please I have a few things to tell you.
your
When you have ∧ class here in the language lab, please be here a little early.
a 或改calss为classes earlier
Change your shoes before enter the lab. Don't bring anything here besides your
entering或enter前加you
textbooks. When you are in, please don't touch these machine without permission.
machines
Always do as the teacher tell you to. In class you should only speak the English,
tells
not Chinese. Recorders can be used ∧ make a copy of the listening materials.
to
When class ∧ over, turn off your machines and leave the lab one by one.
is
短文改错五（每小题1分，共10分）
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
British public library are linked by computers. If your nearest library in London doesn't have the book you want borrow it, the librarian will go on-line to see whether any other nearby library has. If no library in London have the book in store, the librarian will search it further, connecting libraries in other city like Manchester. If a copy of the book found, arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your library within a day and two, and you will be able to check it out. It is also possibly for readers to borrow books from university and college libraries even if we are not students.
1.libraries 2.want to 3.i/t 4.has it 5.have—has
6.cities 7.is found 8.and---or 9.possible 10.We—They
短文改错六（每小题1分，共10分）
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I went to the English Camp in Shanghai on last summer holiday． One day, my two good friends and I were on duties．When we finished cleaning classroom, it was about 8:50 in the vening．Then we prepared to go to students’ dorm．Inside the building, it was very dark．There was only the moon and some small stars in the sky．In that moment, we were both afraid．On our way to the dorm, one of my friends saw something on the ground and picked it up, said
“Look, 50 yuan!” When we got to our dorm, we gave them to the teacher． Money is important, but money is not anything and cannot buy all what we need in the world．
1 行 去on
2行 duties改duty classroom 前加the
3 行 inside 改 Outside
4 In改At both改all
5 said 改saying
6 them 改it
7 anything 改everything what改that 或去掉what
To: 黄 策 2009年03月11日 VIP学员补课专用
高考英语2009改错新题型精品教案
铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教：024-31688948
（育才、实验、二中专用）
主编人：吴军
短文改错属主观题型，要求15分钟内找出并改正一篇短文中的10处错误。
1.错词（words mistaken）。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2.缺词（words missing）。在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。
3.多词（words redundant）。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。
2009高考英语辽宁卷短文改错题样：
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分１0分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同旧式写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Ms Smith,
I am secretary of the City Student Union (CSU). We were organizing an art
are
exhibition for high school students in ∧ city. This will be held on the 9th of July
the It
in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai. More than 1000 painting will be on show, but
paintings and
high school students and teachers from all the eight districts will come to the event.
As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we’d like to invite
popular
\for(去掉) you to the exhibition. We would be grateful when you could join them that
if us
day. Looking forward to hear from you soon.
hearing
Yours,
Li Ming
解题难点指导：
●
●
解题方法：
（1）在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;
（2）确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误;
（3）在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误（注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词）;
（4）注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;
（5）若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。
归纳短文改错错误类型:
(一) 词法的测试
1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。
2) Doing exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名词应用复数形式。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改为an
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.
2) …I’m the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I … under 改为 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on
5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .
interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.
此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.
4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1) 动词的时态、语态
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根据本句意义，should后应加上be，构成被动语态。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改为 play; for 改为with
2) 易混动词使用错误
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用 raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3) 非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.
8. 词语固定搭配:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…
此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。
4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.
not only… but also…为固定结构，故将and 改为but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构
(一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete different life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
(一) 词法的测试
1. 名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
5. 容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。
8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
(二) 句法的测试：
1主谓语在数上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is
2名词性从句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。
3定语从句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为 which
4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that
5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：
1上下文中的时态是否一致；
2上下文中的代词是否一致；
3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；
4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
(四) 注意问题：
短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多人对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。
短文改错分析（一） 多词
1. 多冠词
①不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。
Modern people know moue about the health, have better food…
②与by连用的交通工具及air ,land, sea等名词前不用冠词。
有些名词school, class, hospital, church, prison, bed , table, town与相应介词连用，表示有关活动时不用冠词。Eg: in prison / at table/ go to school
③球类运动，棋类游戏前不用冠词。
Play basketball 、play chess
most作“非常”解时前不用冠词the
She is most pretty.
④As/ though 引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的名词不用冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
⑤固定搭配中不可多冠词
Suddenly , I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .
The dog was taken a care of when we left the house.
2. 多介词
we practise for three times every week….
……but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
last night, next week , this year, one day, three times直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词
For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
①有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中是及物动词，由于受汉语的影响，可能多一个介词。
Serve for the people ； follow after the teacher； marry with her；
Make him as our monitor； play with Tom in a match。
②有些表示地点的副词，其意义中一包含 to ，如果在加 to ，则多余
on one’s way to there ；return to home ； go to upstairs。
③有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复和介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词多余。同样，有些动词短语是“动词 + 介词”结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词多余。
If you won’t go ,I will go instead of.
She listened to but heard nothing。
④有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时，须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。
I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting。
I am sorry for that he won‘t come 。
3．词义重叠
whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher。
1）．有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠
return back； repeat again； flee away； enter into； blue colour； stop down； raise up； unpack open。
2）．定语从句中的一个宾语，已由关系代词取代，再用一个代词是多余的
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady I met her last week。
不定式做定语后多了代词。
The question is difficult to answer it.
We had a lot of cars to wash them.
3）．单音节的形容词或副词比较级，不能和more；most 重用。
People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past。
4）．冗言现象
Today I visited the Smiths--- my first time visit to an American family。
We make him our monitor, but he refused.
His parents were prevented him from being sent to Tibet.
I saw all the whole people in the city playing the chess.
5）．状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
Though he tried his best， but he failed。
The more he has ，and the more he wants。
As long as you follow my advice, so you must catch up with others in your class.
6）．充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。
In the last five years that they have climbed churches。。。。
。。。in other places where you are limited to a certain number。
7）．充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。 Sitting down，and he began to work。
8）．从属连词后多一个 that。 She was absent from the meeting because that she was ill。
9）．复合宾语前多一个that。 I found that her lying on the ground。
3．固定搭配中多词
I was used to watch it every night。 （“过去常常” used to）
。。。in any other words ，I am an only child。（in other words“换句话说”）
4．行文逻辑上多词 First ，let me tell you something more about myself。
（由first 可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事,故只能说something ,而不能加more…….）
5．多不定式to
1） 四看、三使、两听、一感觉后多to He let his mother to wash his coat.
2） why not 后多to Why not to borrow even more money from you father-in-low.
3） 情态动词后多 to He should to help us as soon as possible.
4） “除了。。以外”后多to We did nothing but to wait for him yesterday.
6．多not
1） too….to….结构中多 not This film is too useless not to see for our students.
2） unless从句中多not I did not attend his party unless he didn’t invite me.
7．多助动词do, will, shall
!) if 、unless 引导的从句不用will, shall
You can remember all those words if you will go over then in time.
2）宾从用肯定句 Can you tell us when did they came back
短文改错分析（二）少词
（一）、少冠词
①名词前缺限定词
Each player must obey ∧captain，who is the leader of the team。
The town has population of forty thousand. Wish you wonderful time on your birthday.
☆ 在“so +形容词+可数名词单数 ”结构中，名词前不能缺 a 或an
This is so good a book that we will buy it.
This is such a good book that we will buy it.
☆ little，few表示肯定时，前面不能少 a 意为 “一些 ” a little water， “每个几分钟”every few minutes
There are more than fifty students in his class, but only few of them like music.
②有些不可数名词 （metal，beauty，iron，tea，coffee，ice，youth，pleasure，success，failure。。。），表示“一种，一个，一杯”应加a/an。 Work is a pleasure to me 。
③“the +姓氏复数”表示一家人，the 不能省 The Browns like to go skating。
④表示“两者之中比较。。。。的一个”时，比较级前应加the。 He is the taller of the two boys。
⑤在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词， 如：his/ that/ Tom‘s/ the/ a
When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook ∧ head.
Of all the students I made fewest mistakes in the exam.
（二）少to
⑥缺动词不定式符号
……and will do all they can ∧ make sure that I get a good education。
She is thinking about what do next. He didn’t want share things with other people
Sorry, your letter is still in my pocket. I forgot post it.
I wonder if you will be kind carry the bag for me.
⑦不定式作后置定语,符号to 不可省 But then there are always more mysteries ∧ look into。
⑧两个实意动词不能并列使用,中间常用to 连用 They are working ∧ improve health all over the world。
◆feel/ hear/ let /make/ have /see /notice/ watch/ observe等动词变成被动结构时,当主语不足语的不定式, 不省to。Little Tom was made ∧ do heavy work。
⑨为了避免重复前面的动词,后面的不定式常常省略,但不可省to
We wanted to go there , but we weren’t able ∧.
（三）少系动词 （be、been、being）
They ∧ eager to know everything about China。。。。
The book is said to have translated into several languages.
.I don’t think the woman easy to get along with.
⑩ 由于受汉语的影响,有些形容词做表语时,常常缺系动词.
She ∧afraid of her boss。What your favorite sport
⑾ 在被动结构中,由于缺少助动词,变成了主动语态,造成错误。
I t was raining hard and he prevented from going out.
……and let you know when the book you want has ∧ returned and is ready for you to pick up。
The programme is shown now。
（5） 缺介词
…..but the others spent a lot ∧ time arguing。
I need a piece cloth to wipe out the mud with.
⑿ 改错题对介词的考查, 重点是一些固定搭配.
When I have free time, I go ∧a long walk…..
She was just about get into sleep when the baby began to cry.
I just couldn’t think of a way solving the problem at that time.
(13) 名词后跟介词
His advice how to improve our writing sounds reasonable.
The way reading the storied is taught by English teacher.
（五）缺连词 （and 、so 、but、or ）、 （when、 after、 before、 since、 that。。。）
In one class，I learned ∧ it rained……
Tom is a good boy, except he is sometimes a little careless.
5） 在汉语中,分句与分句之间往往不用连词,但在英语中却不行.
It began to rain， and they had to stop working。
She knows quite a few English words, she’s only a girl of six.
6） 受母语影响,几个同类词并列连用时,他们之间往往不可省缺一连词.
I told mother ,father, ∧all my friends here what a great time I had。
He looked inside ∧ saw nothing.
7） that引导的主语从句置于句首时, that常常不能省. (it 做形式主语that常常不能省 )
That light travels in straight line is known to all.
It is said that they have won the game.
8） 引导同位语从句的连词that / when 等不可省.
He came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer.
I have no idea when he will return.
5）在even if / even though / as if / as though短语中,第二个连词不可省.
He walks as he were drunk..
（六） 定语从句中少连词或冠词:
All happened in our school was quite unexpected.
You are only one of the workers I can trust.
The boy told the teacher all had happened.
I can told you all was terrible.
（七） 注意虚拟语气、倒装、强调结构的特殊形式
If you told me about it , I would have helped you.
Little I know when it was impolite to get in a word.
It was until midnight that he felt asleep.
（六）少 it
结构 find it adj to do sth find it asj that …..
They found easy to get along with their English teacher.
The sun’s light and heat make possible for plants to grow better.
I considered easy that we can get along with those little children.
（七）常见介词的省略 （to、 of 、in 、on、 about、 with、for）
Skate ---skate on live ---live in explain to sb hear ---hear of know ---know about
Except ---except for because ---because of thanks ----thanks to shoot –shoot at study ---study in
Wait ---wait for keep….from find---find out
短文改错分析（三）错词
（一）名词有错误：
①可数名词单复数误用 She said that she and my schoolmate all washed me success,….
②要能请名词是可数名词还是不可数名词 We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
③要掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则 There are branch library in many villages.
④要注意一些单复数的特殊变化。 要熟练运用名词的所有格
（二）动词错误：
1）时态误用----------是近几年高考考察的热点（以现在时，过去时为主）
I learn about you from my teacher, Miss Fang.
I am happy with the story, but the others spent a lot of time….
注意：Since、before、 hardly（scarcely ） ….when 、 no sooner….than 、 if （unless，when）引起的状语从句与主句的前后时态要保持一致。
It is three years before we met together at the school gate。
8） 非谓语动词误用 It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home .
9） v---ing形式做主语、宾语、状语是高考考察的热点。
Play football not only makes us grow up…..
I will spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it
After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.
10） 过去分词和现在分词的区别是高考考察的热点。 After an hour or so, we began to feel very frightening.
11） 情态动词后应用动词原形，却误用了非谓语动词。
David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village.
12） 被动语态中的过去分词误用动词原形。 Books may be keep for four weeks .
13） 掌握好动词不定式带 to 与不带 to 的差异。有些动词后接不定式、有些动词后接动名词，应牢记。
Mind、 risk 、put off、 practice、 succeed in、 understand 、be busy 、look forward to、 admit 、allow、 consider can’t help 、keep on 、miss、 imagine、 insist on、 suggest 、stop 、enjoy 、delay 、avoid、 be used to 、escape、 excuse、 finish 、be worth、 advise、 give up
4) He can’t help crying when he heard the news about his friend and wrote a letter to him
5) I look forward to hear from you soon and told all that happened in our school.
6) I advised your drinking a little which was made in GuiZhou and smoked less than before.
（三） 不一致
一） 主谓不一致
2） 一般取决于前面主语的单复数。Tom as well as his parents are fond of basketball match .
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
5） not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or…..等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应是临近原则。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
6） there be 结构中，谓语动词的单复数应是临近原则。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
7） There stand a school and three trees in front of the river.
8） 注意把集合名词(family, class, team…)和不定代词(all, none..)放在具体语境中，判断其谓语动词的单复数
My family likes watching basketball matches after supper.
The food is short, and all are stored in a small house.
3） 代词不一致
1）形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的运用能力。
1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home . Now someone at home reads instead.
2. Each of them learned to work for his team and not for him on the football field
3． It can be useful for yourself
4． I enjoy working with she，but sometimes she hate to study with mine.
5. And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I .
4） 根据上下文判断，出现了代词不一致
…and they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game
5） 人称代词性别上的误用也是考察的热点之一。 I loved the old lady because he always helped me before.
4 ) 考察不定代词
He never helped other.
Some wanted to eat apples while other preferred bananas
5) 一致与平行
The price of the food is less expensive than them of the vegetable.
He put them in a secret place where I couldn’t find. Then he ate it all by himself.
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
He preferred skating on the ice to swim in summer with his friends.
（三） 连词误用（before、after、when、until、since、unless、if）状语从句引导词的误用。
She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
It was five years after we were married in in 1969.
8） 正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
9） 熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连