模块6 Unit 1 Laughter is good for you 同步攻略

Unit 1 Laughter is good for you
目标导航
重点单词 Laughter n. 笑,笑声 stand-up n. 单口喜剧Humor n. 幽默 well-loved adj. 备受喜爱的comedy n. 喜剧 comedian n. 喜剧演员,滑稽演员response n.回答, 响应, 反应 reaction n.反应,main adj. 主要的 physical adj. 形体动作的humorous adj. 幽默的,滑稽的 queue vi. 排队,列队visual adj. 视觉的 tennis n. 网球(运动项目)stage n. 舞台 actor n. 演员; 男演员act vi. 表演 academy n.学院，研究院，学会, award n.奖, 奖品 vt.授予, 判给, routine n. 常规,惯例;常规节目live adv.﹠adj. 现场直播的主持人 little-known adj. 鲜为人知的toothbrush n. 牙刷 mirror n. 镜子outstanding adj. 杰出的,显著的 microphone n. 麦克风, 话筒lip n. 嘴唇 appropriate adj. 适当的,恰如其分的silent adj. 寂静的;沉默的 howl vi. & n. 大叫;嚎叫amuse vt. 使愉快的,使高兴 brain n. 大脑,头脑saying n. 格言,谚语
重点短语 make fun of 取笑,拿……开玩笑 in response to 对…..作出反反应make jokes about 拿……开玩笑 queue up排队，列队trip over 被…… 绊倒 ;绊在……上面 later on 后来; 晚些时候broadcast live 现场直播 make up 构成；占……比例; 化妆have effect on 对……有影响 after all 毕竞;终究soon after不久以后，很快 react to sb / sth 对……作出反应impress sb with sth 给予某人深刻印象; 使某人钦佩而起敬
重点句型 1) One little-known fact is that when Crystal is the host of the Academy Awards, he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket of good luck!2) Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.3) It seems appropriate that he got his start in silent film.4) Doctors have been researching what effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have on us
语法 掌握语法——一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的使用规则和用法特点，通过练习巩固，达到熟练运用。
任务 1) 讨论有关喜剧和一些著名相声演员的话题；拓展有关舞台演出的词汇。2）能够给国外网友发送e-mail，介绍中国的相声艺术；能够表演英语短剧
情感及文化意识目标 1)培养学生的幽默感和欣赏幽默、喜剧艺术的能力。2）了解国内外喜剧艺术形式，体验喜剧艺术对人身心健康的积极作用。
背景文化
Laughter is the "Best Medicine" for Your Heart
Can a laugh every day keep the heart attack away Maybe so .
Laughter, along with an active sense of humor, may help protect you against a heart attack, according to a recent study ( http: / / www.umm.edu / news / releases / laughter.html ) by cardiologists at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. The study, which is the first to indicate that laughter may help prevent heart disease, found that people with heart disease were 40 percent less likely to laugh in a variety of situations compared to people of the same age without heart disease.
"The old saying that 'laughter is the best medicine,' definitely appears to be true when it comes to protecting your heart," says Michael Miller, M.D., director of the Center for Preventive Cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center and associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "We don't know yet why laughing protects the heart, but we know that mental stress is associated with impairment of the endothelium, the protective barrier lining our blood vessels. This can cause a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to fat and cholesterol build-up in the coronary arteries and ultimately to a heart attack."
In the study, researchers compared the humor responses of 300 people. Half of the participants had either suffered a heart attack or undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. The other 150 did not have heart disease. One questionnaire had a series of multiple-choice answers to find out how much or how little people laughed in certain situations, and the second one used true or false answers to measure anger and hostility.
Miller said that the most significant study finding was that "people with heart disease responded less humorously to everyday life situations." They generally laughed less, even in positive situations, and they displayed more anger and hostility.
"The ability to laugh -- either naturally or as learned behavior -- may have important implications in societies such as the U.S. where heart disease remains the number one killer," says Miller. "We know that exercising, not smoking and eating foods low in saturated fat will reduce the risk of heart disease. Perhaps regular, hearty laughter should be added to the list."
Miller says it may be possible to incorporate laughter into our daily activities, just as we do with other heart-healthy activities, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator. "We could perhaps read something humorous or watch a funny video and try to find ways to take ourselves less seriously," Miller says. "The recommendation for a healthy heart may one day be exercise, eat right and laugh a few times a day."
根据短文内容回答下列问题:
1. According to a recent study, in which way can laugh be helpful to us human beings
2. How many people take part in the experiment What kinds of people are more likely to suffer from heart disease
3. In our daily life, what should we do to protect us from heart attacks
Answers:
1. Laugh can be helpful to us human beings along with an active sense of humor.
2. 300 people. People with heart disease responded less humorously to everyday life situations are more likely to suffer from heart disease.
3. We should exercise, eat right and laugh a few times a day to protect us from heart attacks.
Parts1-2 Welcome to the unit ＆ Reading
课堂链接
1. People have always enjoyed laughing, and there has always been humor.
人们总是喜欢笑,并且总是含有幽默感.
enjoy doing 喜欢做, doing动名词做enjoy的宾语.
I enjoy watching TV.
我喜欢看电视。
后接v-ing 的动词还有: appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, precise, resist, risk, stand, suggest
1) I don’t mind waiting for you in the cold wind.
我不介意在寒风中等你。
2) Have you considered making some necessary changes to you plan
你是否考虑过给你的计划作必要的改变？
3) Only by practicing speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.
只有通过每天练习才能提高你的英语口语水平。
4) I didn’t imagine your coming here so early.
我很难想象你这么早来这儿。
相关高考试题
（C） —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine that old. (2006.江苏)
A. to be B. be have been C. being D. having been
2. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes on response t the reactions of an audience.
单口喜剧演员可能就某一观众开玩笑，或是根据观众的反映讲不同的笑话。
1）make fun of 取笑； 开玩笑
常用搭配: make fun of=poke fun at开玩笑;嘲笑
play jokes on 开…的玩笑
play a trick on捉弄,开玩笑
make jokes about 就…开玩笑
People like to make fun of each other on April Fools Day
人们喜欢在愚人节相互开玩笑。
Don‘t make fun of the disabled, everyone has his self-respect.
别取笑残疾人, 每个人都有自尊。
They used to make jokes about their bad performance in the party.
他们常常取笑自己那天晚会上拙劣的表现。
【变式演练】
（D） I don't enjoy fun of by others.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
思维拓展:
与fun 相关的短语: for fun 为了高兴, 为了好玩 in fun 不是当真的;开玩笑的
（C） This is not a match. We’re playing chess just for .
A .habit B .hobby C. fun D. game
相关高考试题
（D） Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun. (2005年重庆)
A. had B. have C. have D. having
2） in response to 作为回答，对…做出答复\回应\反应
In response to their hospitality, we wrote a thank-you note.
为回报他们的热情(hospitality), 我们写了一封感谢信(thank-you note)。
response的动词形式为respond，词组respond to意为“对……的反应；对……的答复”。
She responded to my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话.
相关的短语
take/ have responsibility for对……负责
it is one’s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是……的职责
be responsible for 对……负责, 是……的原因
make no response 对…不作出答复\回应\反应
【变式演练】
（A） Ａlarge part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is conditions or events.
A. in response to B. in favor of C. in contrast to D. in need of
3.These comedians act or speak like a well-known person.
这类喜剧演员的动作或说话方式都像某个名人。
act vi. 表演,扮演; 行动, 做事; n.. 行为,动作; 法令; (戏剧)一幕
1) Think before you act. 三思而后行.
2) Chaplin acted in many films. 卓别林演了许多影片.
3) He was caught in the act of stealing. 他偷窍时被当场抓获.
思维拓展:
与 act 相关的短语:
act as 充当
act for 代理, 为……而尽力
act on/ upon 按照……而行动, 对……起作用
act out 将……表演出来(付诸行动)
相关高考试题
（C）We went to Canada to travel and my cousin as our guide. （2005湖南）
A. played B. showed C. acted D. performed
4. Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.
克里斯托没有讲预先准备好的笑话，而是即兴编了一个。
made up
1) My grandpa is good at making up stories. 编写；捏造
2) Foreign students only make up 5 percent in this school. 构成；占……比例，
3) Jane made herself up as a princess in the party. 化妆
4) Have they made it up since last quarrel 和解，调停
5) They made up a bed for me on the sofa . 包好(包),铺好(床)
6) Nothing can make up for your fault ! 弥补，补偿
7) I saved as much as I could, and my mum made up the rest of the money for the bike. 补足,凑足
【变式演练】
（C）In Britain today women 44% of the work force, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. build up B. stand for C. make up D. conform to
思维拓展:
make a difference 有很大差别; 起作用;
make a contribution to 对……做出贡献
make sense （of） 讲得通，很有意义
make room for 让地方
make for 向……方向进行”
make use of 利用 (=Make the full \ most \ best use of )
make a mistake 犯错误
make friends with （和…）交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸
be made of /be made from 由…（材料）制成
be made up of 由……组成，由…..构成
be made in 由……制成，由……制造
be made into (把)……做成
【变式演练】
When he realized the police had spotted（发现） him, the man __B__ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for C. made out D. made up
相关高考试题
Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and C jokes. （2005年江苏）
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
5. Whatever the reason (is), research shows that in the end, the English saying ‘Laughter is the best medicine’ may be true after all.
不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。
Ⅰ. Wh- + ever 可以用来引导状语从句或名词性从句
No matter + wh- 只可以用来引导状语从句
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.
=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.
无论谁犯了法，都要受到惩罚。
Whoever you are, you can’t go in without permission.
=No matter who you are , you can’t go in without permission.
无论谁来参加会议，他都会受到欢迎。
Whoever comes to the conference will be welcomed.
=Whoever comes to the conference, he will be welcomed.
=No matter who comes to the conference, he will be welcomed.
无论是谁救了这个孩子，他都应该受到表扬。
Whoever saved the child should be praised.
=Whoever saved the child, he should be praised.
=No matter who saved the child, he should be praised.
不管是谁救了这个孩子都应该得到表扬。
【变式演练】
1)（B） Don’t stand on ceremony. You can take you like.
A. wherever B. whatever C. no matter what D. whichever.
2)（C） We should reach our hand to need help.
A. Who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
【辨析】after all, at all, above all与 in all
after all 有两个含义：
1) “要知道”，“别忘了”，用来引出听话的人似乎忘记了某个重要论点或理由，通常位于句首。
I know he hasn’t finished, but after all, he is very busy.
我知道他没有做完，不过要知道，也太忙了。
2) “虽然……，但毕竞……”，表示说话人意思的转折。表示这个意思的时候，after all一般位于句末。He said he would not come in, but he came in after all.
他说过他不进来，但他毕竞是进来了。
in all意为“总计”，“总共”
In all, there are ten teachers in the office.
办公室里一共有10个老师办公。
at all起加强语气的作用，可用于以下几个场合：
1) 用在否定句中或与含否定意义的词连用，意为“一点也不”，“根本不”。
We were not tired at all.
我们一点也不累。
There was nothing to worry about at all.
根本没有可担心的事。
2) 用在疑问句中，常有较强的感彩，意为“究竟”，“果然”。
　　Did you speak at all
你究竟发言了没有？
3) 用在条件句中，意为“既然”，“（如果）真的，确实”。
　Do it well if you do it at all.既然要做就得做好。
　注意：at all有时也可以用在肯定句中，但这类肯定句，本身也往往带有不肯定的意思。
I am surprised that you came at all.我根本没有料到你会来。
above all —most important of all　最重要的：
1) Above all, he was a first—rate mathematician.
最重要的是，他是一位一流的数学家。
2) But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.
但重要的是，告诉我该做什么。
【变式演练】
1) Did you sleep on your flight at all
2) In all, there are over 120 languages spoken in London’s schools.
3) He will be remembered above all as a loving husband and family man.
4) She shouldn’t be working so hard---she is 70, after all.
6. Crystal’s popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.
克里斯托的受各年龄断的人欢迎和他使全世界的人们高兴的能力证明了单口喜剧受每个人的喜欢。
popularity n. [U] 出名，爱大家喜爱. (something is liked, enjoyed or supported by many people)
popular adj.流行的，通俗的／爱欢迎的 （liked, enjoyed or supported by many people:）
popularize vt. 宣传，　让大家知道　（to make something become popular）
1）She's the most popular teacher in school.她是学校里最受欢迎的老师。
2) That song was popular with people from my father's generation.那首歌自我爸爸那代起便很受欢迎。
3) It was Luciano Pavarotti in the 1980s who really popularized opera.正是二十世纪八十年代的卢西奥.帕瓦罗蒂让歌剧流行开来。
4)Jack’s popularity is shown by the fact that he always has lots of friends around him.
杰克周围总有很多朋友说明他很受欢迎。
【变式演练】
（D）By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular children as Coca-Cola.
A. for B. in C. to D. with
7. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV.
每次,当节目在电视上现场直播时他都是在上百万人面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。
【辨析】alive , live, living与lively
1) alive多用于人，强调活着，通常作表语，作定语时一般后置。
　①It’s great to be alive.活着就是好。
　②My grandfather was alive when the first airplane flew. 第一架飞机上天时我祖父还在世。
2) living 着重指没有死的状态，即现在的人或事物，可作表语或定语。
　①Biology is the study of living things.生物学是研究生物的科学。
　②My grandmother is still living at the age of 93.　我祖母93岁高龄依然健在。
【提示】the living表示“活着的人”，与the dead相对。
【比较】
　①Is your grandfather still living 你祖父还健在吗？（本句living不可改用alive，因为alive含有“本有死的可能”之意）
②The soldier was found alive in the grass.在草丛中发现这个士兵还活着。（说明生死界线）
3) live adj. 指肉体的出现，而不是相片、画像；或人死后还在人们心中的“活着”；指物时，表示“通上电的，有生命的，有活力的，实况播送的”。adv.表示“现场转播（电视，广播）”。
①Don’t touch a live wire.别摸带电的电线。
②There is much live fish in the market every day.每天都有许多活鱼上市。
4) lively 意为“活泼的，热烈的，充满生气的，栩栩如生的”。
① Her parents are both lively and attractive individuals.她的父母都是充满生气、富有魅力的人。
　②The debate was lively. 辩论是热烈的。
相关高考试题
（A） I in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006年重庆)
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
8. So go and make someone laugh—it just might help them (and you) live longer!
所以，行动起来，让别人笑—笑——这或许能够有助于他们(以及你自己)
may/ might,情态动词用于肯定句中,表示不太肯定的推测, 意为“有可能” must表推测,意为“一定,准是”, can用于疑问句, 意为“有……的可能吗”, 用于否定句, 表示“不可能”
1) It may be true, but I’m not sure.
2) He may not have heard his name called.
3) He can’t have finished the work so soon.
4) Where can he have gone
5) It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
相关高考试题
（B）1. He have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (2005年北京)
A should B must C wouldn’t D can’t
（C）2. — Is jack on duty today
—It be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. (2006年四川)
A mustn’t B won’t C can’t D needn’t
（B）3. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (2006年天津)
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
（A）4. Some aspects of a pilot’s job be boring and pilots often work at inconvenient hours. (2006年湖南)
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
限时训练
Ⅰ.课文理解（10分钟）
( ) 1. A stand-up comedian while performing.
A. enjoys laughing B. enjoys making fun of himself
C. usually takes advantage of the audience D. has prepared a lot of jokes in advance
( ) 2. Which of the following is the style of prop
A. jokes in everyday life B. visual humor
C. body action D. imitation of a well-known person
( ) 3. What does the word ‘routine’ in Para. 3 probably mean
A. road B. performance C. lines D. style
( ) 4. At the 2004 Academy Awards, a very old actor at first.
A. was asked to make a silent speech B. didn’t turn on the microphone on purpose
C. made the audience laugh D. couldn’t make himself heard
( ) 5. We can infer from the 5th paragraph comedians are expected to .
A. enjoy a very long life B. work till the end of life
C. have no plans to stop work D. perform stand-up
Answers:1-5 CBBDA
Ⅱ.课文填空（6分钟）
One of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy is called . There are different styles of stand-up comedy. The main four are , prop, physical and . There has always been in them to make people watching them laugh.
Billy Crystal, a famous stand-up , has hosted the Academy Awards 8 times. Each time, he performs his stand-up in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast on TV. His outstanding ability to . has impressed people around the world.
Doctors have discovered that people who laugh a lot live longer after researching what effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have on us. When we laugh, our brain sends around the body that are good for us. Laughing helps the body stay , as the saying goes, ‘Laughter is the best medicine’.
【答案】
1. stand-up 2. observational 3. impressionist 4. humor 5.comedian 6. routine 7. live 8. improvise
9. chemicals 10. healthy
Ⅲ.单词拼写（6分钟）
1. When we heard his jokes, we all burst into l__________.
2. Unlike his brother, he has a sense of h_________.
3. Bill Crystal is a well-known American stand-up c__________.
4. I was interested to sit back and observe her r_________ when she was told this news.
5. Mary won the first a_________ in the English contest.
6. When he did his work, he often followed his r__________.
7. Zhang Qingjun was awarded the 16th Ten O_________ Youths of China for his great contributions to human space flight
8.This leads to questions about the most a_______ ways we can help disaster victims（受害者）.
9. Get the latest e__________ news, plus club listings, theatre listings, exhibit and concert listings.
10. Jeremy was a________ by Jenny's answer----he explained why everybody laughed.
【答案】
1.laughter 2.humour 3.comedian 4.reaction 5.award
6. routine 7.Outstanding 8.appropriate 9.entertainment 10.amused
Ⅳ.单项选择（8分钟）
1. It is of great importance that enough money ____________ to fund the Hope Project.
A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected
2. I shall give the book to _________comes first to the classroom.
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
3. He failed in the exam, _________ he had not prepared for it very well.
A. at all B. above all C. after all D. in all
1. It is impolite to make _______ of strangers.
A. fun B. funny C. friends D. jokes
2. I mistook the performer as Zhao Benshan, __________ he had an impression of him vividly.
A. for B. because C. as D. since
3. – The light is still on.
--Sorry. I forgot ______________.
A. turning it off B. to turn it off C. to turn off it D. turning off it
7. She first went on ________ stage in the 1930s, when the films were silent
A. a B. the C. × D. an
8. Each time the child sees his mother, he wants _____________ in her arms.
A. carrying B. to carry C. carried D. carries
9. The library ___________ one million books, ____________ the ones bought recently.
A. includes; containing B. contains; including
C. containing; includes D. including; contains
10. Actors, especially comedians, are popular _________ young people.
A. to B. with C. in D. about
11. I emailed her in response ___________ her question.
A. to B. for C. of D. with
12. Only a few stand-up comedians have become famous as television and film actors later on in life, ________ Billy Crystal is one.
A. which B. that C. whom D. of whom
13. —Goodbye, Mary. Please remember me to your parents.
—________.
A. Thank you, what a good idea B. It’s very kind of you to say so
C. My pleasure D. Thanks, I will
14. Our ancestors celebrated _________ birth of ________child by giving red eggs.
A. the; a B. the; the C. /; a D. /; the
15. —What made her mother so angry
—___________.
A. Because she didn’t make the most of her time B. Her not making the best of her time
C. Her time was not made full use of D. Because of her wasting time
【答案及解析】
1.A 主句中的of importance决定主语从句应用虚拟语气。故选A,其前省略了should。
2.C whoever引导一个宾语从句并在从句中作主语。no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。A,B之后的定语从句缺少作主语的关系代词。
3.C 句意为：他没有通过考试，毕竟他没有准备的好。
4.A make fun of 作弄，固定词组。
5.A for位于主句之后表示补充说明的原因或推测的理由，B项because特别强调原因，告知一个对方不知之理由.as相当于because，语气较弱。
6.B forget to do sth.忘了做某事，动作尚未发生。it应置于turn off之间，故选B。
7.B go on the stage是固定搭配：登台表演。定冠词the不可省略。
8.A want to do:想要做，表主动。want doing想要被…。此处表示小孩想被母亲抱。
9.B 第一空选contain，意为：包含，装有，盛有.第二空不可再选谓语动词，故选现在分词including： 包括,包括…在内
10.B be popular with:受…欢迎，受…追捧
11.A in respond to:习惯搭配。
12.D 此题考查定语从句。原句为:Billy Crystal is one of the actors,关系代词whom代替the actors，故选of whom
13.D 对方请代向自己父母问好，应先道谢，再回应对方要求。
14.A 第一空是特指，应用the，第二空表泛指，故选a
15.B her not making the best of her time代替第一句中的what，在第二句中作主语，而谓语部分made her mother so angry已承前省略。
Ⅴ.完成下列句子（15分钟）
1. A stand-up comedian may ______ ______ ______ an audience, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes ___ _________ _____ the reactions of an audience.
单口喜剧演员可能会开某一观众的玩笑,或是根据观众的反映讲不同的笑话.
2. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show ______ _________ ______ on TV.
每一次电视直播时,全世界有数百万观众观看他现场表演的单口喜剧.
3. _______ ______ _________ the joke he had planned, Crystal _______ ________ a new one.
克里斯托没有讲预先准备好的笑话,而是即兴编了一个.
4. Doctors ________ _______ __________ what ______ stand-up and other forms of comedy _______ ______ us.
医生们一直在研究单口喜剧以及其他形式的喜剧对我们会产生什么样的影响.
5. I _______ _______ __________ to tell you.
我一定是忘了告诉你了.
6. They _______ _______ _________ ________ chairs, walking into doors, and _________ ________ on stage for years.
这些演员多年来玩的把戏有:被椅子绊倒,撞到了房门,或者是跌倒在舞台上.
7. He hopes to _________ ________ _______ ___________ of other famous comedians, such as Bob Hope and George Burns, who _______ ______ ______ ______ ________ _______ and kept working until the end of their lives.
他希望效仿鲍勃霍普和乔治伯恩斯等单口喜剧明星,这两位著名演员都活到了一百岁,而且生命不息,工作不止.
8.__________ helps your body ________ ___________ and can even help you ________ ________.
笑有助于保持身体健康,甚至能够帮助你战胜疼痛.
【答案】
1. make fun of; in response to 2. is broadcast live
3. Instead of telling; made up 4. have been researching; effect; have on
5. must have forgotten 6. have been tripping over; falling down
7. follow in the footsteps; lived to be 100 years old 8. Laughing; stay healthy; fight pain
Ⅵ.阅读理解（10分钟）
A
Too young to drink
Open any English magazine and you're likely to see an advertisement for an alcoholic (含酒精的) drink such as beer and wine. Such images are common, but Ireland has taken a hard stand against alcohol advertised in magazines that are popular with teenagers.
The government is alarmed that the Irish have become among the biggest drinkers in Europe. So, it announced plans on May 19 to limit advertisements for alcohol. European brewers (酿酒商) have also been told that they must do more to dissuade young people from "drinking to get drunk".
The government will ban alcoholic advertisements from buses, trains, cinemas and sporting events for young people. And no advertisements for beer or other alcoholic drinks will be allowed before 10 pm on Irish television.
Alcohol advertisements have faced few such rules in the past. They exist in almost every public space and sports event in Ireland. The Irish brewing giant, Guinness (健力士), sponsors (赞助) the national football team, while Heineken (喜力) beer has the rugby (橄榄球) team.
The pub (酒吧) has long been a famous part of Irish life. More than 10,000 pubs serve a population of 3.8 million in Ireland. For generations, families and friends spend afternoons in pubs, drinking, chatting, listening to live music or watching televised sports. However, in recent years, Ireland has reached the top of the 15-nation European Union (欧盟) in terms of the amount of alcohol drunk per person.
In a report this month, police blamed this rising trend for an increase in public order crimes, mainly public drunkenness and street fighting on weekends.
"More money in pockets has obviously lifted standards of living, but it is being badly spent too," said President Mary McAleese. "The Irish love of partying has its dark side in the stupid, wasteful abuse (滥用) of alcohol."
Though most people are pleased with the planned ban, some have doubts that limiting alcoholic advertisements will influence the amount of alcohol drunk.
"I didn't drink when I was a teenager. Whether today's kids do or not is a matter of parental influence," said Gerry Crawford, manager of the Brazen Head, Ireland's oldest pub.
Not every teen can have beer
People often drink alcohol a lot at parties, but drinking is illegal (不合法的) for teenagers in many countries. The legal drinking age is different across the world. The United States has the highest drinking age in the world. And the Chinese mainland has no legal drinking age at all.
　Switzerland: age 14.
　France, Germany, Italy, Spain: age 16.
　UK, Ireland, Russia, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong: age 18.
　South Korea: age 19.
　Japan, New Zealand: age 20.
　The United States: age 21
　Drinking below the legal age also faces different types of punishment. In the US, teen offenders may be asked to write an 800-word essay on why he or she shouldn't drink. Or they may have to pay US$500 and have to attend a course on the dangers of drinking. They may also face days or months of suspension (中止) from school and from their driving licenses (驾驶执照).
5. Why did Irish government announce plans to place controls on ads for alcohol
A. Because most teenagers are dependent on drinks.
B. The rising number of people drinking alcohol is alarming Ireland.
C. Drinking with families and friends has long been popular.
D. The rising trend of drinking alcohol has caused an increase in public order crimes.
6. Which of the following is not a factor behind the rising amount of alcohol being drunk in Ireland
A. Teenagers naturally copy what parents do in daily life.
B. Irish love spending money on drinking.
C. In a country where so many people drink alcohol, you simply don’t feel out of place.
D. The rising living standards.
7. The writer _________ the Irish government’s measures.
A. is objective (客观) about B. is against C. is for D. has doubts about
B
New cards will keep your details safe
The plastic identification (ID,身份证) cards carried by all Chinese citizens over 16 are to be replaced with electronic cards from next year.
The new cards, which most people will have by 2005, contain a microchip (微芯片) on which personal information is stored. This can be checked against databases (资料库) kept by the government.
"The information will be locked into the card so that people won't be able to use false identities," said Ren Tianbu, a security official in Shenyang.
China's present plastic identity cards were introduced 17 years ago, and a similar system is used by many other countries. However, the information shown on a card differs from nation to nation. Most ID cards show the holder's name, sex, date of birth and photograph, as well as the card's expiry (失效) date and number.
Germany, France and Spain all use ID cards, but there are some developed nations who dislike the idea. The US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden and Britain are among those with no national ID card. However, some of the countries have ID cards for particular uses. For example, Australia and the United States use a driving license (驾照) to identify people.
Identity cards are introduced for a variety of reasons. Race, politics and religion were often at the heart of older ID systems. In recent years, though, ID cards have been linked to national information databases, which form the basis of how a government manages a country.
The US, Britain and some other countries are considering a national ID system as a way of preventing possible terrorist attacks.
However, such plans have been met with fierce resistance by those who believe identity cards work against human rights and individual privacy (个人隐私).
"ID cards make us suspects (可疑人员), not citizens," said UK human rights group Liberty.
12. What is one of the differences between China's new and current (当前的) ID cards
A. The new ones contain different personal information.
B. The current ID cards are easier to fake (伪造).
C. Even little kids can have the new ID cards.
D. The information on current ID cards isn't in the databases kept by the government.
13. Which of the following countries does not have an ID card system
A. France. B. Spain. C. Sweden D. Germany.
14. What is the main reason governments use ID card systems nowadays
A. To prevent terrorist attacks.
B. To fight against crimes.
C. To support government services.
D. To have more control on its citizens.
15. The purpose of this story is to ____.
A. inform B. entertain C. clear up some mysteries D.remove any misunderstanding
【答案及解析】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A
爱尔兰禁止含酒精饮品的广告；许多国家限定青少年准许饮酒的年龄。
1.细节题。第二段一二句提供答题的依据。
2.细节题。理解题干的意思，不难得出答案：C。
3.判断作者的立场。答案：A。
现行的塑料身份证要改为电子身份证，新的身份证有些什么好处呢？
4.细节题。当前使用的身份证和新的ID CARDS 的主要区别。
5.细节题。文中The US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden and Britain are among those with no national ID card. 一句提供了解答的依据。
6.常识题。根据社会常识判断答案为C。
7.推测写作意图。文章的目的是告知人们这一信息。答案：A。

Part 3 Word power
一、词语辨析
1. （sb.）in charge of 与 (sth.) in the charge of
两者在句中常用作表语和定语。In charge of 是“某人负责或管理什么”，含主动意思。
如：Who’s in charge of the booking office 售票处是哪一位负责？
In the charge of 是指某人或某物由别人管理或照顾，含被动意思。
如：The hospital is in the charge of Dr. Green.这医院由格林医生负责。
I have placed papers in the charge of my bank manager.我把文件交给我的银行经理保管。
【练习】用in charge of或in the charge of 填空：
１) Comrade Li is ________ the first shop of the factory.
2) The company was ________ Mr. Wang.
3) John works there, _______ the Health Department.
4) The girl was safely ______ a nurse.
Answers:1)in charge of 2) in the charge of 3)in charge of 4)in the charge of
2. join, join in与 take part in
三者都可以译成“参加”，但用法有异。Join 是及物动词，意为“加入某一个组织而成为其中的一个成员”。join后面还可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。如：
He joined the army in 1940 and joined the Part the next year.他1940年参军，第二年入党。
I didn’t know if he would be able to join us.我不知道他是否能同我们在一起。
join in 表示“加入”，“参与某种活动”，in之后可接名词或动词-ing形式。表示“参加某人的活动”，可以说join sb. in ( doing ) sth. 例如：
He joined them in the work.他同他们一起工作。
Will you join us in playing basketball 你跟我们一起打篮球好吗？
take part in 是指“参加”群众性的活动，会议等。着重强调的是以主人翁的态度参加进去。有时可以与join in互相替换，但“参加会议”的“参加”多用take part in 表示。例如：The teacher took part in / joined in our discussion yesterday.昨天老师参加我们的讨论。
When will you take part in the meeting 你将什么时候参加会议呢？
【练习】用join, join in或take part in填空：
1) My father is going to ______the parents’ meeting.
2) They danced and danced until a lot of us ________.
3) You go first. I’ll _______ you soon.
4) We ________ the peasants ________ getting in the rice.
5) We hope everybody will ________ the struggle.
6) Have you ______ the League
【答案】 1) take part in 2) joined in 3) join
4) joined, in 5) join in / take part in 6) joined
3. act与action
1) act 用作名词时,意为“行为，动作”，指一时的简单行为或动作，或一个人的具体行为，强调所做的事，指短时单一动作，也可表示“法令，法案，(剧中的)幕”。
It’s an act of kindness to help a blind man across the street.帮助盲人过街是善良的行为。
Act’s， not words, are what we need.我们需要的是行动而不是空谈。
Running away is an act of cowardice.逃跑是怯懦的行为。
a play of five acts　一个5 幕剧
pass an act　通过一项法令
【注意】　在下列短语中要用act：
in the very act 当场
act of kindness 慈善行为
act of madness 疯狂行为
It is a noble act. 这是一种高尚的行为。
2) action 意为“行动、行为、所做的事”，通常指抽象的行为或动作，需要长期的、反复的行为才能完成的事，强调动作完成的过程，可作可数名词或不可数名词。
People will judge you by your action, not by your promise. 人们将凭你的行为来评判你，而不是凭你的承诺。
Her heroic action (/ act ) was long remembered.她的英勇行为长久地留在人们的记忆里。
The time has come for action.行动的时间到了。
Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于言辞。
【注意】在下列短语中要用action:
take action 采取行动
the action of the tide 潮汐的作用
the action of medicine 药物的作用
the action of the machine（这台）机器的作用
【练习】用act或action填空：
１) The farmer caught the boys in the ______ of stealing his apples.
2) I felt that it was time for me to take ________.
3) We shall judge you by your _______, not by your promises.
4) It was an _____ that he was to regret bitterly.
Answers: 1) act 2) action 3) actions 4) act (action)
4. scene [c]与scenery [u]
scene 景色，景象，（舞台上，电影中的）布景。词组：
on the scene 在现场， 当场
scenery 风景，舞台布景。
scene 和scenery均可表示“风景”，“景色”，它们的主要区别是scene可数名词，指局部的，一时的景色；而scenery 不可数名词，指一个国家和一个地区整体的自然风景；some pretty scenes in the park园中的几处美景；the beautiful scenery of the English lakes 英国湖泊的美景。作“布景”解时，主要区别是scene 指舞台的部分场景，scenery则指舞台的全场布景。
1) Scenes of rich harvest could be found everywhere in the mountain village.山村到处呈现出丰收景象。
2) The boats in the harbor make a beautiful scene. 港湾中的船只构成美丽的景色。
3) The natural scenery in this area is very beautiful. 这地区的自然风景很美。
4) She enjoyed mountain scenery.　她喜欢山区的风景。
5) They stopped to admire the beautiful scenery. 他们停下来欣赏风景。
限时训练
I. 猜测词义 (10分钟)
根据下列各题所给的提示猜测词义
1. make somebody laugh or simile ____________
2. the person in charge of a play ____________
3. very good of high quality ____________
4. full of eagerness or interest ____________
5. perform without preparation ____________
6. take place, happen ____________
7. worried or afraid ____________
8. unlike anything else ____________
9. text of a play, film, ____________
10. instrument that changes sound waves into electrical current used in broadcasting speech, music, etc. _____________
【答案】
1. amuse 2. director 3. excellent 4. enthusiastic 5. improvise
6. occur 7. nervous 8. unique 9. script 10. microphone
II. 根据对话内容及所给单词首字母写出单词的正确形式。（5分钟）
Stand-up for your health
A: As we all know stand-up is one of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy. Can you tell us what is special about it
B: A comedian is always right in front of the audience, (1) t______ directly to audience members, making fun of an audience member or deciding to tell different jokes in (2) r_______ to the actions of an audience. There are four main (3) t______ of such comedy.
A: What are the four main types
B: They are observational, prop, (4) p_______ and impressionist. Observational comedians make jokes about humorous things (5) o________ daily by them; prop ones tell jokes by using props. Physical ones use their bodies to joke, while impressionist comedians act or speak like a well-known person.
A: Do you know any famous comedian And what has made him or her so famous
B: Billy Crystal, a famous actor and having (6) h_______ the Academy Awards eight times, enjoys stand-up very much. He has excellent ability to improvise, who thinks quickly and makes new jokes about things and people (7) a_______ him. Stand-up can make people laugh and (8) h______.
A: Why can you say so
B: You see, when you laugh, your brain sends (9) c______ around your body and they are good for you. Laughing helps your body stay healthy and even help you fight pain. As an old saying (10) g______: Laughter is the best medicine.
【答案】
1.talking 2.response 3.types 4.physical 5.observed
6.hosted 7.around 8.healthy 9.chemicals 10.goes
III. 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）（18分钟）
He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield（挡风玻璃） to get his attention.
“Is your taxi 1 ” I asked when he finally looked 2 at me. He nodded, then said 3 as I settled into the back seat, “I’m sorry, but I was reading a 4 .” He 5 as if he had a cold.
“I am not in a hurry,” I told him. “Go ahead and finish your letter.” He 6 his head. “I’ve read it several times already. I guess I 7 know it by heart.”
“Letters from home always mean a lot,” I said. “From a child ”
“This isn’t 8 ,” he replied. “Although it 9 just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other ‘Old Friend’ when we’d meet. I’m not much good at 10 .”
“I don’t think any of us keep 11 our correspondence (来往信件) too well,” I said. “I know I don’t. But I take it he’s someone you’ve 12 quite a while.”
“All my life. We were kids together, went to school together and all the 13 through high school.”
“There are not too many people who’ve had such a long friendship,” I said.
“ 14 ,” the driver went on, “I hadn’t seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I 15 away from the old neighborhood and you kind of（多少有点儿） lose touch 16 you never forget.”
“You said ‘was’. Does that mean— ” He nodded. “ 17 a couple of weeks ago.”
“I’m sorry,” I said. “It’s no fun to lose any friend—and losing a real old one is 18 tougher.”
He didn’t 19 to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: “I should have kept in touch.”
“Well,” I agreed, “we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do. But things 20 and we just don’t seem to find the time.”
When I got to my hotel room I didn’t unpack right away. First I had to write a letter and mail it.
1. A. available B. acceptable C. beneficial D. occupied
2. A. down B. up C. to D. off
3. A. unexpectedly B. curiously C. apologetically D. definitely
4. A. booklet B. novel C. book D. letter
5. A. sounded B. told C. seemed D. continued
6. A. hung B. nodded C. shook D. kept
7. A. anyhow B. hardly C. almost D. often
8. A. friendship B. family C. leadership D. colleague
9. A. could B. might C. maybe D. would
10. A. writing B. reading C. talking D. learning
11. A. up B. with C. on D. in
12. A. found B. written C. known D. seen
13. A. curriculum B. coincidence C. life D. way
14. A. Eventually B. Actually C. Additionally D. Besides
15. A. removed B. left C. headed D. moved
16. A. even though B. as though C. when D. whereas
17. A. Died B. Suffered C. Choked D. Survived
18. A. ever B. even C. fairly D. quite
19. A. appeal B. reply C. adapt D. talk
20. A. take up B. pick up C. come up D. break up
Keys.1-5 ABCDA 6-10 CCBBA 11-15 ACDBD 16-20 AABBC
【答案及解析】
1.A available有用的，有效的，可用的。这里意为：可乘坐的。
2.B 司机本来在看信，听到有人问，所以抬头一看，故选look up
3.C 从下句“I’m sorry, but…”中可知司机是在向作者道歉。
4.D 文章第四段提到了信件。
5.A 声音听起来像是感冒了，故选sound.
6.C 司机摇头表示不必再看了，他已看了好几遍，几乎可以背下了。
7.C anyhow：无论如何hardly：几乎不almost：几乎。根据句意，应选almost.
8.B 根据下文可知Ed并不是作者的家人，只是一位老朋友。family:家庭，家人。
9.B might as well:和…一样好，和…没两样,就。此处意为：尽管只是一位朋友，但与家人没什么两样。
10.A 根据下文可知司机并不擅长写信。
11.A keep up：保持，振作，故选A。keep on继续。Keep with与keep in都不是固定搭配。
12.C 根据下文司机回答交往了一生可知，作者认为司机与Ed已认识很长时间了。
13.D curriculum: 课程 coincidence巧合，凑巧。这里指他们从小时候直至中学一直很好，并没有谈到一生，故all the life不对。
14.B 上文中作者谈到没有几个人可以保持这么久的友情，此时司机也有同感，故选actually. eventually: 最终，最后。Additionally和besides都表递进关系，意为：此外。
15.D move：移动，搬家。因为“我”从原住地搬走，所以每年只能见他一两次。
16.A even though：尽管。表让步。尽管永难相忘，但多少有点失去联系。
17.A 司机的老朋友几个星期前已去世。
18.B even：甚至，表递进。失去朋友令人难过，失去一位老朋友甚至会令人更加难过。
19.B 司机没有对作者的看法做出回答。
20.C take up：占用，开始，着手 pick up：拾起，捡起， come up ：过来，发生break up打碎
此处意为：总有各种各样的事情发生，使得我们没有时间与朋友联系。

IV．读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。(5分钟)
A night of fun
Wednesday night 7:30 p.m. at the Chuckle Bar!
Starring Rodney Mann, Pedro Mendez and Larry Dunne!
Next Wednesday night at the Chuckle Bar we have an all-star line-up of comedians. Three of the world’s best known comedians are coming together for one night only. Book your tickets by calling 1-900-555-6565 or be at the door early to buy them before the show begins.
Rodney Mann
Mann is famous for his jokes about average people and their lives. Many of his jokes are social commentaries on everyday. He loves to set his jokes in New York, the city where he grew up.
Mann’s most famous opening line, “You know, I was walking down the street the other day…’ is know all over the world. He is just back from his tour of Europe, and is appearing at the Chuckle Bar for one night only. Don’t miss out!
Pedro Mendez
Pedro Mendez grew up on a small farm in Panama. He moved to the USA with his parents when he was ten, and has been telling jokes and making people laugh ever since. Recently, the 30-year-old comedian began filming a new TV programmer that he will both act in and produce.
Experience Mendez’s unique Latin style humor for yourself. His “I had a farm in Panama” routine is a classic that should not be missed.
Larry Dunne
Larry Dunne has been making people laugh all over the world for more than five decades. He began his career by performing for soldiers in Hawaii in the 1950s, and since then, he has been the host of his own late night TV programmer. The videos and DVDs of his performances are the best selling of any stand-up act out there. An old style comedian, Dunne uses lots of singing and dancing as part of his routines.
Dunne is best known for his jokes about life in the USA and how it has changed during his lifetime. This will be Dunne’s last show before he retires, so don’t miss it.
Call 1-900-555-6565 to reserve your tickets or be at the door by 7:00 p.m.
1. The comedy show will have_______ comedians on _______ night.
A. three; one B. three; two C. one; three D. one; two
2. Rodney Mann grew up in ________.
A. the USA B. Panama C. Hawaii D. New York
3. The show begins _______.
A. at lunch time B. at 7:30 p.m. C. at 7:00 p.m. D. at 7:30 a.m.
4. Pedro Mendez has lived in ______for _____ years.
A the USA; thirty-four B the USA; ten C Panama; thirty-four D the USA; twenty
5. The oldest comedian is probably ________, and has been performing _______.
A Rodney Mann; for over fifty years B Larry Dunne; since the 1970s
C Larry Dunne; for over fifty years D Pedro Mendes; for over fifty years
Answers:1-5 A DBDC
【答案及解释】
1. A 海报中谈到了三位表演家在周三晚同台演出。故选A。
2. D 介绍Rodney Mann材料的第一段最后一句提到他出生于纽约。
3. B 文章第一句便明确表示演出在周三晚七点半。
4. D Mendez十岁来到美国，现在三十岁，故到美国已二十年。
5. C 介绍Larry Dunne材料的第一段第一句已提到他表演了五十多年。
Part 4 Grammar and usage
课堂链接
I .The present tense
1. 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
2. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用.
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。
Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。
4. 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
When you see her, just tell her that I am all right. 你见到她告诉她我很好。
Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你能接受我的邀请来参加我我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴的。
II. Present continuous tense
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
—what are you doing
—I am writing a letter.
It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。
Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。
He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。
3. 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去见王先生。
I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。
The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。
4. 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩。
The girl is always talking loud in public. 那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。
She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她经常借钱却忘记还。
She is constantly complaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。
注意： 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
A. 表示心理状态、情感的动词
Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need
B. 表示存在状态的动词
appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on
C. 表示瞬间动作的动词
allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete
D. 表示感官的动词
see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look
III. The present perfect tense
1. 表示反复发生的经历
He has hosted the show eight times. 他已经连续八次主持表演。
Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。
We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我们已去过长城多次。
2. 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。
He has paid his income tax. 他已经交了个人所得税。
Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。
3. 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。
My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。
Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。
4. 下列句型中常用现在完成时。
It is (has been) +一段时间＋ since +从句
This (that/ It ) is the first (second…) time that + 完成时
This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting….+that+完成时
It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他们结婚已有3年了。
It’s the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城。
This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
注意：在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
If you have done the experiment, you’ll understand the theory better. 如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳之前，别忙着下车。
注意:一般过去时与现在完成时
(1) 时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。
(2) 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。
IV. The present perfect continuous tense
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。
Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。
She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。
Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。
The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。
She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了将近一个小时。
限时训练
时态专项训练
I.单项选择(10分钟)
1. Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
2. Robert ______ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I _______ it.
A. had given; lost B. has given; have lost C. gave; have lost D. gives; lost
3. The pupils here _______ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four week.
A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing
4. I wonder why Jenny _____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
5. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. had changed C. will have changed D. will change
6. In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
7. According to the art dealer, the painting _______ to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting
8. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It _______ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
9. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
10. It was until then that I came to know that knowledge ______ only from practice.
A. has come B. comes C. came D. had come
11. —Don’t you know I make the decision here
—________, not until you ______ me.
A. Yes, have told B. No, have told C. Yes, tell D. No, are telling
12. —I’ve heard Bob ________ from his journey to Africa.
—What about visiting him tonight
A. had come back B. coming back C. come back D. is back
13. Don’t get off the bus until it ________.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop
14. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
15. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
【答案及解析】1-5 DCDAA 6-10 BADDB 11-15 BDACC
１．Ｄ 后半部分but I don’t know whether she has finished it已明确表示“不知道目前是否完成”。Ａ、Ｃ与时间状语last year不符，很容易排除；Ｂ项为一般过去时，一般表示过去发生而现在已经结束的动作、事件或情况，与whether she has finished it 不协调，也可排除。
2.Ｃ the other day“几天前”，是过去时间。句意：几天前，罗伯特给了我他的通讯地址，可（现在）恐怕是丢了。
3.Ｄ 在“in the last/past+时间段”的句子里，谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示“到目前为止的最近时间”。Keep sb. busy doing sth.表示“使某人忙于做某事”，其被动语态为be kept busy doing sth.，完成体则为have been kept busy doing sth.
4. A 该题考查动词的时态。由从句中recently 和by now 两介时间状语判断，前一句应使用现在完成时，故最佳答案选Ａ。该句的句意为：我想知道为什么詹妮最近没有给我们写信。到现在为止我们应当收到她的来信了。
5. A 该题考查动词时态。题干为一个含有原因状语从句的复合句，主句陈述的情况是客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为Ａ。
6. B 本题Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ为主动语态，可知均为错项。Ａ项用进行时，更属不当，因句中含义只表示目前存在的状态，并无进行的含义，由此可推出Ｂ为正确选项，因为只有Ｂ项是被动语态，be served with意为“以……待客”。
7. Ａ 此句中the painting 和谓语expect 为被动关系，句意为：据那位艺术品经营商讲，这幅画有望增值至少一百万美元。类似的结构有：It’s said/reported/known/understood…that 从句(意为“有消息说，有报道，不言而喻”等)。同义转换为sth. is said/ reported/ known+不定式。
8. Ｄ 根据题意，窗户应被擦，应该用被动语态，所以排除Ａ、Ｂ两项。Ｃ、Ｄ两项都是被动语态，但时态不一致。一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或状态，对现在在无任何影响；而现在完成时跨在两个时间之上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，而这种影响却往往是说话者的关注所在，所以这个意义上的现在完成时一般后面不加时间状语。
9. Ｄ 根据选项中persuade这个词是及物动词这一点，就可以排除Ａ和Ｂ，因为我们经常说persuade sb. to do sth.，然而题干中没有它的宾语，所以应该用被动语态。主句为将来时，if从句应该用现在时表示将来。
10. B knowledge comes from practice是客观真理，该用一般现在时，不受宾语从句的时态限制。
11. B 答语的含义是：“No, I don’ t know it until you have told me.”till/until从句常用一般时或现在完成时。
12. D 主句动词have heard作“听说”解，其后接的是省略了that 的宾语从句。Be back from 表示“从．．．．．．归来”的状态。由于本题中的hear不作“听见”解，故不可选分词作宾补。
13. A 该题为until引导的时间状语从句，主句以祈使句表示将来，从句只能用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。此题用现在完成时表示从句动作在主句动作前将完成。
14. C by the time后接定语从句，省略了关系副词when。在这种定语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。这句话的意思是“到明年他毕业之前，已经学了八年英语。”
15. Ｃ 这句话的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和烧掉以至于在不信的将来它们将会消失。”从句子的语境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可以判断，要用被动语态的现在进行时。
【直击高考】（仅供教师参考）
1. ---The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (06全国卷)
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
2. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you ___________ home. (06上海)
A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write
3. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
---Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and __________ now. (06 江苏)
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. has questioned
4. －Did you tidy your room (07上海卷)
－No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors.
A. had B. have C. have had D. will have
5. They two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (07山东卷)
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
6. －Did Peter fix the computer himself
－He , because he doesn’t know much about computers(07安徽卷)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
7. --- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. (06湖北)
--- ____________ good.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
8. －It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
－Oh, don’t mention it, I past your house anyway. (07北京卷)
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
9. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine, where she ______ English for a year. (07湖南卷)
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
10. －Ouch! You hurt me!
－I am sorry. But I any harm. I to drive a rat out.(2007江西卷)
A. didn’t mean; tried B. don’t mean; am trying
C. haven’t mean; am tried D. didn’t mean; was trying
11. I _____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (2007陕西卷)
A. would be B. have been C. had been D. will be
12. I have to go to work by taxi because my car __________ at the garage. (06重庆)
A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
13. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____. (07北京卷)
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
14. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and technology.(2007天津卷)
A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered
15. We _______ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.(06上海春)
A. don’t meet B. won’t meet C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
【答案及解析】
1-5: CDBAB 6-10 CDADD 11-15 CCCDＣ
1.feel作系动词，后接形容词，表示＂摸上去＂，不用作被动语态．根据所提供的情景要用过去时．
2. when引导时间状语从句，在从句中要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，而不能用一般将来时．
3. 根据时间状语now 可判断出用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。a man是question　的动作被执行者，所以要用被动语态，表示正在被审讯。
4. 根据所提供的情景“I was going to tidy my room”可判断出其不意要用一般过去时，表示过去所发生的事。一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。
5. 根据所提供的情景“otherwise they’d never have able to afford to go”可判断出要用一般过去时，表示过去所发生的事或存在的状态。otherwise 意为“否则”，其从句的谓语要用虚拟语气。
6. have sb. done 是动词＋ed形式作宾语补足语，表示“使(让，请)别人做某事”。根据所提供的情景because he doesn’t know much about computers 可判断出他找别人维修了电脑。故选Ｃ。
7. sound 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。在答句里面作谓语，省略了it. 系动词无被动语态，sounded和sounding 都不能作谓语。由于主语是it,所以应该用sounds.
8. 根据所提供的情景“It was really very kind of you to give me a life home.”可判断出动作发生在过去，而“路过对方的家”表示过去正在发生的事，所以要用过去进行时。
9. 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。根据所提供的情景。可判断出要用现在完成进行时，表示动作一直在延续着。
10. 根据所提供的情景I’m sorry 可判断出“我不是故意伤害你”发生在过去所以要用一般过去时。因为是在把车开走时对对方造成伤害，所以要用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在发生的事。
11.根据所提供的情景“when I set to work with the scientist”可判断出与这位科学家一起工作之前已过去一周多一点的时间。故选Ｃ项。
12.根据所提供的情景” I have to go to work by taxi”可判断出汽车正在被修理，所以用被动语态的现在进行时。
13.此题是由两个并列句组成，第一个句子用一般过去时说明过去发生的事情，第二个句子强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；又因处my suit与ruin之间存在着被动关系。故用现在完成时的被动式。故选Ｃ项。
14.根据时间状语today可判断出要现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作或存在的状态。再根据what 与discover 的关系可确定用被动语态。故选Ｄ。
15.现在完成时表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态对现在的影响或结果，常与already, yet, before, recently 等时间状语连用。答案C.
II. 用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充（15分钟）
1.—How long_____ David and Vicky _____________(marry)
—For about three years.
2. Come and see me whenever it _____ (be) convenient to you.
3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ____________ (take).
4. —Are you still busy
—Yes, I ______just ______ (finish) my work, and it won’t take long.
5. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ (graduate) from the university next year.
6. Because the shop___________ (close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
7. Every possible means __________ (try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
8. —What’s that terrible noise
—The neighbors _____________(prepare) for a party.
9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003, so they________________ (live) there for 3 years.
10. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____________ (persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.
11. You _____ always______ (watch) television. Why not do something more active
12. The crazy fans ___________ (wait) patiently f