课件20张PPT。 Unit 3
Inventors
and
inventions1.The first thing I did was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders _________ (design) to kill snakes.
2. In Japan scientists have managed to produce pigs that have a plant gene ________ (insert) into their DNA.
3. The next morning I carried in my hand a small net ______ (use) for catching fish.designedinsertedused过分作定语过分作宾补过分作定语
Grammar过分作定语
过分作表语
过分作宾语补足语一、过分作定语
过去分词有时相当于一个单纯的形容词, 有“被动” 和“完成”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；
iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；
cooked food (熟食);
fried chips (炸土豆条);
boiled water (开水);
fallen leaves (落叶) ;
the risen sun (升起的太阳)
(1)前置定语
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building.
激动的人们冲进大楼。
(=the people who were excited)
Lost time can never be found again．
虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(=time which is lost) (2)后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能
作后置定语。
1.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
Everything used should be marked．
2.剩下的书是给我的学生的。
The books left are for my students．
1.今晚有什么活动吗?
Is there anything planned for tonight?
(=that has been planned for tonight)
2. 这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
The meeting, attended by a lot of
people, was a success．
(=which was attended by a lot of people)②过分短语作后置定语Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (buy)
The flowers __________ (smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
Most of the artists (invite) to the party were from South Africa.
A little child _________ (learn) to walk often falls.
boughtsmellinginvitedlearning过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，
而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：
看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
He looked worried after reading the letter．
当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．
二过分作表语 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。
I was very pleased at the news．
听了这消息我很高兴。
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 1.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
2. Some glasses got _______ (break) when we were moving.
3. The film is more _______ (excite) than any that I’ve ever seen. So everyone is very ______ (excite).
seatedbrokenexcitingexcited三、过分作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
1. 她回来时发现有人破门而人。
She found the door broken in when she
came back．
2.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost．
我们认为球赛输了。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
他们认为这问题解决了。
They considered the matter settled．
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,
这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。
我每个月理一次发。
I have my hair cut once a month．
他正努力使别人听懂自己。
He was trying to make himself understood．
她用双手按着脸。
She held her hands pressed against her face.
The missing boys were last seen ________ (play) near the river.
I’d like to have this package __________
(weigh), madam.
3. While she was getting me ________ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to….
4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___________ (explain) often enough.
playingweighedsettledexplainedI. 下列各句均有一处错误, 指出并改正。The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited.
2. Interesting in English, he listens to BBC every day. excited → excitingInteresting → Interested练习坊3. How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!
4. We met him at the giving time and place．
5. When heard the news, she burst into laughter. understanding → understoodgiving → givenheard → hearing或heard前加she6. He was sitting in the chair, read a book.
7. The villagers had many trees planting just then.
8. Entered the room, she found the wall newly painted.read → readingplanting → plantedEntered → Entering9. Surprising at what happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.
10. There were the brothers look very much alike.Surprising → Surprisedlook → looking课件35张PPT。Language points (M8 U3)1. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既能捉住蛇，又不会伤害它们。Reading Idistinguish oneself 显扬自己,使自己扬名
他们以无私的自愿者而著称.
They have distinguished themselves as selfish volunteers.
小男孩因机智和勇敢而受人注目.
The little boy distinguished himself by his wisdom and courage.distinguish 辨别, 区别
你能区分出正在演奏的各种不同的乐器吗?
Can you distinguish the different musical instruments playing now?
你能区分那两个物体吗？
Can you distinguish between those two objects?
语言把人和动物区别开来.
Speech distinguishes men from animals.把…...与…...加以分开
distinguish A from B
= distinguish between A and B
tell A from B
= tell the differences between A and B
2. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.
他们急切地等待着, 期待着新宝宝的到来.
They waited anxiously, in expectation of the arrival of the new-born baby.
他的父母对他抱有很高的期望.
His parents have high expectations for him.3. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
它们突然一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里去了。 abruptly adv. 突然地，唐突地 ,
意外地, 比suddenly的意外程度强。
abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
这路有很多急转弯。
The road is full of ____________.
这会议突然结束了。
The meeting came to ____________.
突然传来一声巨响.
There was a huge bang __________.abrupt turnsan abrupt endabruptly4. convenient便利的；方便的。
对某人来说（做某事）是方便的。
it is convenient to / for sb.
it is convenient for sb. to do sth.警示: convenient 不能以人作主语。
This dishwasher is very convenient to me.
你方便明天开始工作吗?
Will it be convenient for you to start work
tomorrow?
有一个超级市场在附近是很方便的.
It’s convenient to have a supermarket
nearby.5. call up
I’ll call you up tonight.
(ring sb. up ) 打电话
The old photo calls up memories of my
childhood.
(recall sth.) 使......回忆起
call for
call back
call in
call on sb.
call at some place需要, 要求
回电话，召唤某人回来
邀请, 请来
拜访某人
访问某地
I’m afraid I can’t do the job because it ________ skill and patience.
Police _____________ to help find the missing girl.
No problem, I’ll _________ later.
Do you think we should _______ Bob’s while we’re in London?calls forwere called incall backcall at6. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.
set about (doing) sth. 开始, 着手
The sooner we set about it , the sooner we’ll finish it.
聚会之后, 她开始收拾东西打扫卫生.
She set about cleaning up the mess after the party.
= She set out to clean up the mess after the party.set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out (for) 出发,启程
set off (for)=leave for 出发, 动身
set aside 留出, 对…不予以考虑
set down 记下, 写下
set up 建立, 设立; 造成, 产生They want to _______their own import-export business.
Try to __________some time to visit him.
They’ll ___________Tibet tomorrow.
I’ve ________ everything that happened exactly as I remember it.
set upset asideset off forset downOnly after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
=You can say that you are truly an inventor only after you have had that recognition .
只有你得到这种承认, 你才能说你是真正的一个发明家。
Sentence Patterns:
Only 修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。
We can pass the exams only by working hard.
=Only by working hard can we pass the exams.
We can succeed only in the way.
=Only in this way can we succeed.
Only by having suitable and necessary exams can the students study happily and the teachers work effectively.
2. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.
你的产品要经过仔细调查, 证明它确实与众不同, 你才能获得专利。以否定词no, not, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, little等开头的句子, 句子的主句要部分倒装。
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study.
Little did I know what was about to happen.
=I knew little what was about to happen.
I will never forget my maths teacher in my life.
=Never will I forget my maths teacher in my life.
我决不会忘记那激动人心的时刻.
Never will I forget that exciting moment.
3. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.
when cooled 的构成：连词+过去分词, 相当于when 引导的状语从句: when it is cooled.when/while/once/unless/until等连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句的谓语动词中含有系动词be 时，从句中的主语和系动词be可省略，形成“连词+分词” 结构。
Don’t speak until ( you are ) spoken to.
没叫你讲话不要讲。 While unfinished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.
While unfinished,... =
原从句为主动结构时, 用when/while…+现在分词来代替; 原句为被动结构时候, 用 when /while…+过去分词短语来代替。
Be careful when _________ the street. (cross)
When _______(offer) help, one often says “thank you” or “ it’s kind of you”. Be careful when crossing the street. While he was unfinishedcrossingoffered1. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the given words.applicationcriteria1. I am writing to you in connection with your job __________ (apply).
2. What are the _______ (criterion) of being an emergency nurse?
3. If you would give me another chance, I believe I can come up to your __________ (expect).expectation4. Will it be __________ (convenience) for you to start working tomorrow?
5. “It won’t work,” Mitchell said ________ (abrupt), in a no-nonsense style.convenientabruptly2. Complete the sentences with the following adverbs. early firstly abruptly truly
easily clearly certainly finally
luckily carefully1. ________, the situation is more complicated than we first thought.
2. ________, she was in when I called.
3. I’ll be able to finish that ________ by tonight.
4.__________, we’ll consider your suggestion, Alan.
______, I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success. Then I’d like to thank my mother especially.
I arrived _______, to make sure of a seat.
ClearlyLuckilyeasilyCertainlyFirstlyearly 7. We all know that, if not ________ dealt with, the situation will get worse.
8. The heavy rain came ________ and stopped suddenly.
9. There are times when I ____ believe your questions will drive me crazy.
10. After searching all day, I ______ managed to find the book.carefullyabruptlytrulyfinally 1. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.
偶尔离开平路去寻找困境.(即鼓励人们自己去探索新生事物.
1). beaten track: 被踩出来的路, 常规, 惯例
They live miles off the beaten track.
他们住的地方远离人烟.Reading 2 2）dive into
跳水(头朝下)；迅速把手伸入； (对活动，问题等) 全心投入，潜心研究
他跳到水中, 救起那快要溺死的小孩.
He dived into the river and rescued the drowning child.
他潜心研究中国历史。
He dived into the history of China．
他迅速把手伸进口袋掏出了一美元。
He dived into his pockets and fished out one dollar．
2. every / each time 意为“每次; 每当”, 引导时间状语从句
每次我看见他, 他都向着我笑.
Every time I see him, he is smiling at me.
能用做连词的名词短语还有：
the first time 第一次
last time 上次；
next time 下次；
the instant / moment / minute / second
=as soon as
一 ……就下次你进来，请关门。
Next time you come in, please close the door.
我头一次和女朋友打扑克，她就把我赢了。
My girlfriend beat me at poker the first time we played.
我很累，一合上眼就睡着了。
I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant/the moment I closed my eyes.
她一听出是我的声音，马上就放下电话听筒。
She put down the receiver the second she recognized my voice. 3. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.
突然间, 他灵光闪现。a flash of inspiration 指“灵感的闪现”
inspiration n. 〔U〕灵感, 启发；
〔C〕鼓舞或激励的人或事物
我还没有开始写那篇文章, 我还在等待灵感.
I haven’t started writing the article yet-I’m still waiting for inspiration.
他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。
He said my sister was the inspiration for his heroine.
inspire v. 激励；鼓励
inspired adj. 借助于灵感创作的
inspiring adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的He tried to _________them to greater effort.
We were _________ to study harder by her example.
She was an ___________ to all who knew her.
King, 27 years old, was a great and _________ leader.
inspireinspiredinspirationinspiring4. practical 实际的; 实践的; 实用的
我想要些实际性的建议。
I want some practical advice.
我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
这本词典非常实用。
The dictionary is very practical.
1. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant, Watson.
=but Bell didn’t send the first message to his assistant, Watson until five days later.
这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是在5 天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。Sentence pattern:It is/was not until… that …. 这是强调
not until 引导的时间状语从句句型。
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.
=It was not until he finished his homework that he went to bed.
The problem has not really arisen until now.
=It was not until now that the problem has really arisen.
直到有事故发生, 人们才会重视安全.
It is not until there is an accident that people will think much of the safety.
课件16张PPT。M8U3 KeysEx. 1 on page 231 cube cubic base basic
mercy merciful fancy fanciful
stain stainless care careless
caution cautious poison poisonous
2 expect expectation relax relaxation
produce production reduce reduction
identify identification satisfy satisfaction
3 strong strengthen long lengthen
freezing freeze disappointing disappointEx.2 on page 231.The greengrocer at the corner is probably the most convenient to reach.
2.If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide valid identification.
3.You need to approach that animal with caution as it may bite.
4.She is passive during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5.I found his phone number in the directory and tired to call/ring him up last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number.
6.I don’t think of my hometown very much, only now and then.
7.Luckily the rainfall stopped abruptly before I left.
8.In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to distinguish who is innocent and who is guilty. Ex. 3 on page 23criteria, abruptly, file, valid, perfume, seize, set about, productEx. 4 on page 23Picture1:
In the courtyard of this house there are two walnut trees. An old woman lives in the house and has watched the walnuts ripen over several months. Sadly she is unable to pick the ripe walnuts because they are too high for her to reach. She calls her granddaughter and asks her to help find some students to pick the walnuts.
Picture2:
Her granddaughter goes to her school. There is a notice board in her classroom where students can put up requests for help. Although she is unsure whether anyone will come and help, with glue she puts up her notice asking for assistance.Picture3:
Her notice is entirely successful. Her grandmother looks on happily as her fellow students merrily run up and down ladders and bang branches with bamboo sticks to bring down all the walnuts. She will give them a lovely meal of dumplings when they have finished to thank them for all their help.
Ex. 2 on page 24signed
disappointed
understood
embarrassed, beaten
pleasedEx. 3 on page 24designed, developed, rejected, welcome, tested, improved, adoptedEx. 4 on page 24the play performed
the car started
her paintings displayed
your courtyard tidied
myself thrown
my time taken up
burnt sausage
some guests invited
Ex. 1 on page 63set aside
set out
set down
set off
set up
set about
set offEx. 2 on page 64tap, dots, wire, practical, invaluable, competence, personnel, dynamic, stableEx. 3 on page 64extension, Hang on, ring/call … up,
out of order, get through, call … back,
ring offEx. 4 on page 64The eyewitness – a greengrocer proved in court that the driver was innocent of the terrible accident, which caused a traffic jam that lasted for several hours.
I could not bear to live in a city with so much rainfall even though it is good for my skin.
Helicopters and jeeps are widely used in current wars.
My associate checked the telephone directory and found the number to dial the after-sales service department when his refrigerator broke down.
The little girl bumped her head on a corner of the desk and it left a mark like a triangle on her forehead.
The identification of the correct route was difficult.Ex. 1 on page 65disappointing, disappointed;
amusing, amused;
confusing, confused;
surprised, surprising;
inspired, inspiring;
shocking, shockedEx. 2 on page 65confused ,confusing
shocked, shocking
surprised, surprising
amusing, amused
disappointing, Disappointed
inspiring, inspired课件43张PPT。Inventors and inventionsWarming up I :In groups, discuss what these inventions are and when they happened?
Telephone 1876television 1923 colour television 1940photocopier 1937air conditioner 1902electronic digital computer 1942Atomic bomb 1945Credit cards 1950Warming up II:Look at the pictures below and discuss in pairs which pictures show inventions and which show discoveries.An amphibious carThis is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the body. The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention.an inventionStephenson’s “Rocket”George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. It was a great inventionan inventionThe structure of DNAThis was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953. these two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA (called the double-helix). This work led directly to the human genome project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA.a discoveryan inventiona discoveryuniversal gravitationthe electric bulbWork out the rules that will help you decide what a discovery is and what an invention is. An invention is ____________________
__________________________________.A discovery is ______________________
__________________________________.already existing in nature but not yet knownfinding out somethingcreated by human beings not existing before something that wasWarming up III :Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please work them out in the suitable order.Applying for a patent
Finding a problem
Doing research
Testing the solution
Thinking of a creative solution
Deciding on the invention 123456Pre-reading: Look at the pictures, what inventions can you think of? How can you catch snakes?Reading: The problem of the snakesRead the text fast and do the questions. The purpose in writing the text is ________
to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them.
to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer’s new idea.
To introduce the writer’s new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent.
To tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it patent. Task 1: Fast Reading2. The biggest advantage of the writer’s new idea is that _________.
it makes the snakes move slowly.
it makes the snakes hardly bite us.
it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves.
it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them.3. What instruments were used for catching the snakes?
a bowl, ice-cubes, male perfume.
a bowl, a bucket, female perfume.
a small net, ice-cubes, a bucket.
a small net, a bucket, powders.4. Which statement is true according to the text?
The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn’t bite the writer at all.
Your product must be different from everybody else’s if you want to receive a patent.
The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.
If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.5.According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent?
A new star discovered by a scientist.
A new novel written by Huo Da.
A new way to make dirty water clean.
A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.Divide the passage into 5 parts and find out the main idea for each part.Task 2: Skimming
Task 3: Scanning
Find out which part deals with each inventing process in the passage and find the examplesharminghabitshabitattrapCoolinglast/thirdin the eveningnetdifferentvalid18Task 4: Make a summary within 30 words The writer _________ a harmless way to _________ the snakes . She trapped the snakes by making them _____ and ______. She tried _______ solutions and __________. She wanted to apply for a __________ for it.inventedcatchcoolsleepthreesucceededpatentDiscussionPatent office (专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and so be recognized and protected.patentsNow pretend you are a patent officer and it is your job to decide whether an application should be considered valid or not. Look at these inventions. Do you think they should get patents? Give your reasons.
Healthier meat: In Japan scientists have managed to produce pigs that have a plant gene inserted into their DNA. This means the fat in the meat is better for human health. Should this method of inserting plant genes in animals be given a patent?
Helpful rats: The “future rats” will be trained using a new computer program to clear landmines or join in the rescue of people after earthquakes or hurricanes. Do you think this training should get a patent?Mapping the stars: Scientists have found a new star system that is millions of light years away. This information is very important to astronomers. Do you think this should be given a patent?
A trap for insects: You and your friends have invented a new way to prevent insects coming into the house without hurting them. They cannot enter the house and will be caught ready to be taken back to the wild. Do you think this should be given a patent?
New book: I have written a new book and my publisher says it will be a best seller. Do you think it can be given a patent?
HomeworkEx. 1, 2, 3, 4 on page 23
