情态动词
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课件23张PPT。Grammar情态动词非推测性情态动词shall, will, must, mustn’t, should, would的用法情态动词could, should/ought to, may/might , needn’t+ have done 表示假设的用法情态动词must, can/could, may/might, should/ought to表猜测的用法情态动词的一些惯用法表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doingMust +have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。
1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。
2.He must have gone to Beijing.
他一定已经去北京了。
can/could+have done表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。1. Can they have won the basketball match?
他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？
2. It couldn’t have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York.
那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。
could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。
You could have told me earlier.
你本该早点告诉我的。should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。
1.You should have told him a week ago.
你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。
might（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.You might not have told her.
你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）
2. You might have come earlier.
你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）needn’t +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.She needn’t have gone to the station yesterday.
昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）
2.You needn’t have bought it.
你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）
巩 固 练 习 1.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. shouldn’t have eaten
C. mustn’t eat D. mustn’t have eaten
2.---Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
---She ____ again in the morning?
A. shouldn’t have overslept
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one t o call her
D. should have someone to wake her up
3.---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?
----No. We ___, but we decided not to.
A.should have gone B. could go
C. should go D. could have gone
BBA4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.
needn’t dress
B. didn’t have to dress up
C. Might not have dressed up
D. needn’t have dressed up
5.I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ___ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.
must have done B. might have done
C. should have done D. could have done
DC1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +V
S + daren’t (needn’t) +VI daren’t walk through the forest at night.
Dare you walk through the forest at night?
You needn’t return the book now.
Need he go yesterday?
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化
He needs to go there himself.
He has grown up,we don’t need to worry
about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done
The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned
The boy needs sending to the hospital at once. 句型 时态 动词
情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
肯定句
现在时 dare do dare/dares to do
过去时 dare do dared to do
否定句
现在时 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑问句
现在时Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do?
过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do 2.I wonder how he____that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying
C.not dare say D.dared sayD4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.
A needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up
C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed upD1.判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?ExercisesNobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.had?better(最好),?should(应该)与ought?to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should?比had?better语气强，ought?to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought?to可通用。
? 例1：你最好立即去那里。
?You?had?better?go?there?at?once.?
例2：你应该努力工作。
?You?ought?to?/?should?work?hard. （一）否定句? had?better,?should,?ought?to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had?better?not?do,?shouldn't?/?should?not?do,?
oughtn‘t?to?do。? 例1此时你最好别出发。：
You?had?better?not?start?at?this?time.??
例2：?她不应该浪费时间。?
She?oughtn't?to?waste?time. （二）一般疑问句? had?better,?should,?ought?to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had,?should,?ought提至句首。? 例1：?他最好立即出发吗？
?Had?he?better?start?early?at?once?
例2：你应该这么做吗？
?Should?you?do?like?this??
例3：?他应该去那里吗？
Ought?he?to?go?there?（三）反意疑问句? 陈述句谓语动词含had?better,?should,?ought?to时，反意疑问句为：had,?should与ought+主格人称代词或hadn‘t,?shouldn’t,?oughtn‘t+主格人称代词。? 例1：你最好别回家，是吗？
?You?had?better?not?go?home,?had?you?
?例2：?你应该认真学习，是吗？
You?should?study?hard,?shouldn't?you?
例3：?你上课不应该讲话，是吗？
He?oughtn't?to?speak?in?class,?ought?he?1．The flower is dead. I _______ it yesterday.
A．should water B．must water C．should have watered D．mustn’t have watered
2．What time ought I _______?
A．arrived B．arriving
C．arrive D．to arrive
3．He _______ speak to his mother like that.
A．ought not to B．doesn’t ought to C．not ought to D．ought to not
4．I don’t think we’d better _______ it any more.
A．discuss B．discussing C．to discuss D．discussed
5．You ought to _______ him, but you didn’t.
A．help B．helped
C．helping D．have helpedC D A A D Thanks a lot!
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测must 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doingMust +have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。
1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。
2.He must have gone to Beijing.
他一定已经去北京了。
can/could+have done表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。1. Can they have won the basketball match?
他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？
2. It couldn’t have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York.
那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。
could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。
You could have told me earlier.
你本该早点告诉我的。should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。
1.You should have told him a week ago.
你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。
might（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.You might not have told her.
你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）
2. You might have come earlier.
你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）needn’t +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.She needn’t have gone to the station yesterday.
昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）
2.You needn’t have bought it.
你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）
巩 固 练 习 1.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. shouldn’t have eaten
C. mustn’t eat D. mustn’t have eaten
2.---Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
---She ____ again in the morning?
A. shouldn’t have overslept
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one t o call her
D. should have someone to wake her up
3.---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?
----No. We ___, but we decided not to.
A.should have gone B. could go
C. should go D. could have gone
BBA4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.
needn’t dress
B. didn’t have to dress up
C. Might not have dressed up
D. needn’t have dressed up
5.I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ___ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.
must have done B. might have done
C. should have done D. could have done
DC1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +V
S + daren’t (needn’t) +VI daren’t walk through the forest at night.
Dare you walk through the forest at night?
You needn’t return the book now.
Need he go yesterday?
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化
He needs to go there himself.
He has grown up,we don’t need to worry
about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done
The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned
The boy needs sending to the hospital at once. 句型 时态 动词
情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
肯定句
现在时 dare do dare/dares to do
过去时 dare do dared to do
否定句
现在时 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑问句
现在时Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do?
过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do 2.I wonder how he____that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying
C.not dare say D.dared sayD4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.
A needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up
C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed upD1.判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?ExercisesNobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.had?better(最好),?should(应该)与ought?to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should?比had?better语气强，ought?to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought?to可通用。
? 例1：你最好立即去那里。
?You?had?better?go?there?at?once.?
例2：你应该努力工作。
?You?ought?to?/?should?work?hard. （一）否定句? had?better,?should,?ought?to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had?better?not?do,?shouldn't?/?should?not?do,?
oughtn‘t?to?do。? 例1此时你最好别出发。：
You?had?better?not?start?at?this?time.??
例2：?她不应该浪费时间。?
She?oughtn't?to?waste?time. （二）一般疑问句? had?better,?should,?ought?to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had,?should,?ought提至句首。? 例1：?他最好立即出发吗？
?Had?he?better?start?early?at?once?
例2：你应该这么做吗？
?Should?you?do?like?this??
例3：?他应该去那里吗？
Ought?he?to?go?there?（三）反意疑问句? 陈述句谓语动词含had?better,?should,?ought?to时，反意疑问句为：had,?should与ought+主格人称代词或hadn‘t,?shouldn’t,?oughtn‘t+主格人称代词。? 例1：你最好别回家，是吗？
?You?had?better?not?go?home,?had?you?
?例2：?你应该认真学习，是吗？
You?should?study?hard,?shouldn't?you?
例3：?你上课不应该讲话，是吗？
He?oughtn't?to?speak?in?class,?ought?he?1．The flower is dead. I _______ it yesterday.
A．should water B．must water C．should have watered D．mustn’t have watered
2．What time ought I _______?
A．arrived B．arriving
C．arrive D．to arrive
3．He _______ speak to his mother like that.
A．ought not to B．doesn’t ought to C．not ought to D．ought to not
4．I don’t think we’d better _______ it any more.
A．discuss B．discussing C．to discuss D．discussed
5．You ought to _______ him, but you didn’t.
A．help B．helped
C．helping D．have helpedC D A A D Thanks a lot!