从高考题看“情态动词 + have + done”的用法
很多情态动词可以与动词不定式的完成式连用表示一种特殊的意义:用来表示猜测(设想可能发生了什么事)或想象(设想可能出现过什么不同的情况)。在高考试题中此语法点也备受青睐。先看最新几道相关的高考题目：
【经典考例1】 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西)
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
【经典考例2】 We ______ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (2006天津)
A. needn’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
【经典考例3】 As you worked late yesterday, you ______ have come this morning. （2006陕西）
A. mayn’t B. can’t
C. mustn’t D. needn’t
请看常见的“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”的用法：
一、“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯定句。如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
二、“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。如：
I didn’t see her at the meeting this morning; she can’t / couldn’t have spoken at the meeting.
He can’t have finished the work so soon.
三、“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用can或could。如：
They may not have known it beforehand.
You might have read about it in the papers.
四、“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多余。如：
Need they have done it last week?
I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.
五、“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to的语气比should强一些。如：
You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的。（但没有）
He oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事。（可是做了）
六、“would ＋ have ＋ 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn’t have acted like that
常见情态动词的用法分类点拨
近几年的高考题每年都有一至两题涉及到情态动词的用法。而且最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。下面就情态动词的基本用法进行归纳分析，以便同学们更好地掌握。
(1) can 和could的用法
① 表示能力。could主要表示过去时间。
Can you finish the task in such a short time?
Could the little boy read before he went to school?
② 表示可能性。
Mike cannot be in the classroom.
③ 表示请求和许可。
─Can I use your computer?
─Yes, you can.
注意：could 用来表示请求时，是一种委婉的说法，回答时不可用其本身，而要用原形can进行回答。
—Could you tell me the way to the People’s Park, please?
─Yes, I can.
④ 用于疑问句或否定句时，表示惊异、怀疑或不相信的态度。常用于否定句和疑问句中。
Can hard work change a person that much?
How can you be so careless?
(2) may和might的用法：
① 表示请求或许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。肯定回答时，可用may / can / might；否定回答时，用can’t或mustn’t。
—May I go home now?
—Yes，you can / may (No，you mustn’t / can’t).
② 在肯定句中，may表示的是事实上的可能性。
Mr Smith looks pale. He may be ill.
③ 表示不太把握的推测，意为“可能；或许”。
He may be in the reading room.
④ 常用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you be happy forever!
(3) will和would的用法：
① will用于第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。
Will you please give me a hand？
② will常用来表示本人的意志、意愿和决心。
I will never come here.
If you will wait for a moment, I will go with you.
③ will常表示现在的倾向性，常译为“常常”。
Fishes will die without water or air.
④ would常用来表示过去经常性发生的动作。
He would sit at the table reading when he was free.
(4) shall和should的用法：
① shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。常译为“要某人做某事（吗）”。
Shall I open the window for you?
Shall he fetch some chalk?
② shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁。
You shall marry him. = I insist on your marrying him! (命令)
If you are late again， you shall be punished. (警告或威胁)
If you follow my advice, you shall be taken to the club. (许诺)
should表示劝告、命令、建议。其同义词是ought to。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。
You should / ought to do it right now. Should I open the window for you?
(5) must和have to的用法
① 表示必要、必须。
All of us must work hard.
注意与have to的区别：must常表示主观看法，说明说话人认为有必要；而have to则强调客观的必要性，说话人认为外界使得人必须这样做。比较：
I don’t like this computer. I must buy a new one.
There was no bus then, so we had to walk home.
② must引导的疑问句不能用
mustn’t来进行否定回答。要用don’t have to或needn’t。
—Must we hand in our physics papers?
—No， you needn’t / don’t have to.
③ must后接系动词be时可表示对目前情况的推测。
The students must be reading in the library now.
They must be in classroom.
④ mustn’t不表示推测，而表示禁止。
You mustn’t smoke here.
易混词语精练与点拨
一、 afford; supply; provide
1． Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can ________.
2． The car factory ________ cars to all parts of the country.
3． They ________ food and clothes for the sufferers.
【答案】 1. afford 2. supplies 3. provided
【点拨】 afford着重“满足需要而供给或提供”，其结构为：afford sb. sth.， sth.是抽象名词。supply表示“提供”，着重“对于缺乏或感到不足的物质的大量供给”。其结构用法：1) supply sth. to /for sb.意为“给某人供应某物”；2) supply sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”。provide着重“提供必需和有用的东西”，常用结构为：1) provide sb. with sth.意为“提供某人某物”；2) provide sth. for sb.意为“提供某物给某人”。
二、 allow; permit; let; admit
1． Father will not ________ us to use his recorder.
2． Smoking is not ________ in most public places.
3． She doesn’t ________ her daughter to go out at night.
4． I’ll ________ you know the result of the voting as soon as possible.
5． The facts ________ of no other explanation.
【答案】 1. allow 2. permitted 3. permit 4. let 5. admit
【点拨】 allow意为“允许；容许”，多指听任或默许某人去做某事，含消极地不反对之意。permit意为“允许；许可”，表示正式的许可，含有比较积极地同意某人去做某事之意；主语是人时，其后可接带to的不定式作宾语。let着重指“允许；让”，含不反对之意，其后接不带to的不定式作宾补。 admit指“允许”某人进入某场所、某单位或加入某团体、某组织。
模块（3）Unit 2重难点解析
1. He couldn’t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! （Reading）
have sb. doing sth.
1) 允许或容忍(某事)发生；此处的have用在否定句中，特别是用在will not，cannot等之后。如：
I won’t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.
2) 使……一直做某事；现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作。如：
He had us all laughing all the meal.
【归纳·拓展】
1) have sth. / sb. done是固定句型，其中have是使役动词，意为“使；让；令”，其常见用法有：
① 表示“请 / 让 / 叫(别人为自己做某事)”的意思。如：
He’s going to have his hair cut.
② 表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”，说明宾语是一种无意识的被动行为，并不说明“谁使宾语遭遇某事”。如：
He had his money stolen on the bus yesterday.
③ 表示“使完成某事”，此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。如：
She told me she had had her house repaired.
2) “have + 宾语 + do”句型表示“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语的主动动作。如：
We’d be delighted to have you work with us.
We’re going to have her go to Shanghai with Mr Wang.
3) “have + 宾语 + to do”句型表示“有……要做”，have是实义动词，意为“有”，不定式作定语。如：
He has a lot of work to do today.
2．But don’t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? （Using Language）
该句中的宾语从句属虚拟语气，宾语从句本身是一个主从复合句，主句的谓语是would be；条件状语从句的谓语是were。这是与现在的状况相反的一种假设。条件句中的谓语动词用过去式或系动词were。主句谓语用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如：
If I were you， I would take the job.
注意：如果在虚拟语气的条件句中有系动词were，had或should，可把if省略，然后把这三个词提到句首。如：Were she younger， she would do it． 此句的条件状语从句是倒装语序，相当于If she were younger。
考点点击模块（3）Unit 2
1. ...have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!（Reading）
【要点精讲】句型have sb. doing中have用在否定句中表“不允许; 不让”，宾补用doing表进行动作。类似的动词还有leave（使；让）。
【考点链接】 Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. （2004天津）
A. run B. running
C. being run D. to run
【思路点拨】 答案为B。句意：你刷牙时别让水在流。表进行动作，故选B。
2. ...I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying... （Using Language）
【要点精讲】 so / such... that... 引导目的和结果状语从句，so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词。
A. as B. that C. so D. and
【思路点拨】 答案为B。such... that...引导状语从句，句中成分齐全不能用as，故选B。
3. I don’t offer enough fibre and.... （Using Language）
【要点精讲】 offer为及物动词，表示主动提供某物，结构有offer sb. sth.； offer sth. （to sb.）。
【考点链接】 They’ve ________ us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it? （2004湖南）
A. provided B. supplied
C. shown D. offered
【思路点拨】 答案为D。表示主动提供某物，A、B项结构相同但与题干要求不吻合，故选D。
4. He suggested they provide a combined menu...（Using Language）
【要点精讲】 suggest后跟从句表陈述语气，动词用适当时态，表“暗示；表明”；表虚拟语气，动词用“（should +）动词原形”，表“建议”。
【考点链接】─How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
─I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. （2004福建）
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
【思路点拨】 答案为D。据答语I think we’d better...情景和语气，该空表“建议”，故选D。
Unit 2 Healthy eating
Period one Warming up
Teaching aim:
To appreciate what a balanced diet is.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Lead in
Hello, everyone! Today we are going to talk about an interesting topic---Health Eating. Before our beginning, please write down what you each think about making a healthy meal, whether you eat a healthy diet, and whether you know that the food you eat helps you grow in different ways. As you’re ready, compare your idea with your partner. And then, we’ll invite some pairs of you to give us your ideas.
Classify food according to their functions and fill in the form.
Foods to give energy
Foods to grow bones and muscle
(body-building foods)
Foods that give fiber for digestion and health
(protective food)
Fast energy food
Slow energy food
rice
noodles
bread
……
butter
…….
meat
eggs
milk
…….
all vegetables
all fruit
…….
Step 2. Discussion
Ask Ss to work the following questions out in groups and let them become familiar with the contents of each one.
Questions: 1. Why do you think the food is divided into different groups?
2. How does this information help you make a healthy meal?
Step 3. Analysing
Now, please design a meal which they enjoy. And then analyse your meal according to the categories of food set out in the textbook.
Is their meal balanced?
Does it include food from each of the three categories? What (if anything) is missing?
Step 4. To examine the answers.
The first three questions are all persons. But the forth question is not. (What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet?)
Suggested answers: if you eat too much energy-giving foods you will become fat and suffer from high blood pressure; if you eat too much body-building food you will grow taller and stronger but not necessarily healthier; if you eat too much protective foods for every meal you may lack energy. However without protective food(over a long period of time) you can get serious illnesses like scurvy(lack of vitamin C) or rickets(lack of vitamin D); if you don’t eat enough food of any of the three kinds you may get anorexia(too thin).
Step 5. Homework: Write down more you know about diet.
Period two Reading
Teaching aims:
Enable Ss to become more aware of the difficulties associated with prepared foods.
Help Ss know the harms of unbalanced diets.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Pre-reading
1. Discuss in groups
Work out what nutrition they have
Which food contains more…?
Examples of foods
Answer
sugar
chocolate or grapes
cakes or bananas
fat
cream or rice
chocolate or chicken
fibre
peas or nuts
Pork or cabbage
protein
potato crisps or ham
eggs or cream
2. Thinking
1) What do you think should go into a good meal?
2) Imagine you and your partner are going to invite some friends for dinner. What special food of your place would you offer them? Plan a menu.
Answers: 1) A good meal should contain some food from each of the three categories above.
2) Sample dialogue:
S1: Now our favourite dishes in my hometown involve noodles. What abut you?
S2: Well, I like noodles too, so let’s use that for the energy-giving part of our dinner.
S1: What do you like to eat with noodles?
S2: My favourite sauces are spicy ones. So let’s suggest noodles with spicy tofu. That’s very healthy and contains some of the body-building food too. Now we just need to include the protective food.
S1: Yes, you’re right. Now what about vegetables? They’re protective food and I think beans are nice with some sour and spicy sliced potato.
S2: Sounds fun to me. Let’s write it down…
3. Predicting
Look at the title of the reading passage and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about.
Step 2. Reading
1. Language points
1) Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。
feeling very frustrated是-ing形式短语作伴随状语。
He placed two tables together spreading all the papers out on them. 他把两张桌子摆在一起，把卷子铺放在上面。
Pretending to look frightened, I backed towards the door. 我装出害怕的样子，退到门口。
2) By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的。
ought to应该；应当
There is one thing I ought to discuss with you before we start. 我们开始前还有一件事我要和你谈。
Something ought to be done about the waste. 得想办法处理这些垃圾了。
be full of 充满
He was full of curiosity. 他的心里充满了好奇。
The house was full of heavy smoke and shouting. 房子里充满了浓烟和喊叫声。
3) “Nothing could be better,” he thought. 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
比较级的否定形式，实际上表示的是最高级的含义。
“Did you sleep well last night?” “Never better, like a rock.” “你昨夜睡得怎样？”“从未这么好过，睡得很死。”
Nobody loved money better than he did. 没人比他更受财。
I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling. 我想没有什么比旅馆更令人愉快。
4) Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. 突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆走过。
see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后面的宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词原形，也可以是-ing形式，但两者的含义不完全相同，前者着重叙述事实的经过，后者着重偶然觉察到的一个正在进行的动作。
I saw him put everything in his bag and go out. 我看见他把所有的东西都装进了口袋，走了出去。
I saw him putting something in the bag. 我看见他正向口袋里装东西。
I watched her step off the sidewalk, cross the road, and disappear into the post office. 我看着她走下人行道，穿过马路，进了邮局。
When I glanced out of the window I saw Daisy crossing the road. 我目光转向窗外，看见戴西正在过马路。
5) Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight? 肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？想变瘦吗？
这是省略的句子，完整的句子应当是：Are you tired of all that fat? Do you want to lose weight? 因此朗读时应注意用升调。
be tired of 对。。。。。。厌倦。
I am tired of the same food every day. Cant we have something different? 天天吃同样的食品让人厌倦，难道我们不能换些花样吗？
He has got tired of living abroad. He is considering going back to China. 他厌倦了国外的生活正在考虑回到中国去。
6）Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. 五鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对它们的价格。
be amazed at 对。。。。。。感到惊讶；惊愕
Everybody was amazed at his design. 大家都对他的设计感到惊讶。
You would be amazed at how difficult is was. 要知道这是多么困难，你会大为诧异的。
7) He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
have somebody doing something 让某人做某事；让某情况发生
Our success in the Athens Olympics has me wondering whether we can win even more medals next time. 我们在雅典奥运会上的成功让我真想知道下一届我们能否赢得更多的奖牌。
get away with (做了某事)而不受惩罚，携带。。。。。。跑掉
For that serious accident, he got away with only a fine. 那么严重的事故，他缴了罚款就完事了。
They got away with damaging the car. 他们损坏了汽车却逃之夭夭。
2. Listening to the tape
Have the following questions read the text silently and identify questions they have about the content and meaning. The questions will help them have a good understanding of the text.
The two restaurants supplied the healthy diet.
The reason why Yong Hui’s restaurant was so popular with customers.
Wang Pengwei found out why he had lost his customers and decided to win them back.
Now please listen to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.
3. Scanning
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework. Get the main idea of the text.
The main idea of:
Para 1: Wang Peng’s menu and the popularity of his restaurant
Para 2: Finding Yong Hui’s restaurant
Para 3: Yong Hui’s restaurant and menu
Para 4: Wang Peng’s research
Step 3. Comprehending
1. Read the passage carefully and think about these statements. Tick the correct boxes. Give reasons for your answers.
1) Usually Wang Peng’s restaurant was full of people.
2) Yong Hui could make people thin in two weeks by giving them a good diet.
3) Wang Peng’s regular customers often became fat.
4) Yong Hui’s menu gave customers more energy-giving food.
5) Wang Peng’s menu gave customers more protective food.
6) Wang Peng decided to compete with Yong Hui by copying her menu.
2. In your own words explain the following sentences or parts of sentences taken from the passage.
1) Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
2) He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
3) Perhaps with a discount and a new sigh he could win his customers back.
3. Read the Warming up and the passage again and write out your answers.
1) The weakness of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it did not give__________
2) The strength of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it provided______________
3) The weakness of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it did not give____________
4) The strength of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it provided________________
4. The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Give the main idea in each part and then retell the story in your own words.
5. Discuss these questions in pairs. Write down your main points and compare them with those of another pair.
1) What do you think Wang Peng will provide to win his customers back?
2) How do you think the story will end?
6. Many different kinds of cooking are mentioned in the passage. Make a list of them and find out what cooking skills they describe.
Answers: 1. 1—6 TFTFFF
2. 1) Li Chang always came to his restaurant so if he did not, it meant that something seious had happened to stop him.
2) He did not want Yong Hui to tell lies and people to believe her.
3) If he gave his customers cheaper prices and advertised the benefits of his menu, perhaps his customers would return.
3. 1) enough protective food 2) plenty of energy-giving food 3) enough energy-giving food 4) plenty of protective food
4. 1) Wang Peng is worried because his restaurant is not as full as it usually is.
2) He follows his friend to a newly opened restaurant which is very popular.
3) Worried, he does some research to win his customers back.
Suggested summary of the story:
Wang Peng is worried because his customers are not coming to his restaurant as they usually did. He follows his friend to a newly opened restaurant which offers to make people thin in two weeks. Worried, he does some research and tries to win his customers back.
5. 1) Wang Peng will offer more protective food with his meals such as salad.
He will cook his food in less oil.
He will stop serving ice cream and cola because both of thos have too much fat or sugar.
2) Wang Peng will lose his restaurant.
Yong Hui will come to his restaurant and become very angry with him.
Yong Hui’s customers will become so tired they will return to Wang Peng’s restaurant.
6.
Kind of cooking
What skill it describes
1 barbecue
Cook food on a metal frame over a fire, usually outdoors
2 roast
Cook something in an oven of over a fire
3 stir-fry
Cook quickly by moving the food around continuously in very hot oil
4 fry
Cook something in hot fat or oil
5 boil
Cook something in boiling water
Step 4. Homework:
Go over what we’ve learn and finish the exercises in workbook.
Try to retell the text.
Period three Grammar
should 和ought to
1. should和ought to表示责任、建议或劝告，翻译为“应该”，后者语气强一些，可用于各种人称。
You should listen to the doctor’s advice if you want to recover soon.
Such things ought not to be allowed.
2. should接动词的完成式，是一种谴责，表示过去应该做而没有做或过去做了而不应该做。
I missed the class. I should have come earlier.
I shouldn’t have made such a foolish mistake.
3. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
have to和must
1. 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.（主观上要做这件事）
2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3. 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示“不必”; mustn't 表示“禁止”
You don't have to tell him about it.
You mustn't tell him about it.
need和have to
1. need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t have to表示他人或客观情况要求"必须"，也可以翻译为"不得不"，have to否定形式意思是"不一定"或"没有必要"。
You needn’t come if you don’t want to.
I don’t think you need be so polite to her.
You don’t have to work so hard if you just want to pass Band 4.
Because of the heavy rain, the children have had to get up earlier than usual this week.
2. need后面接动词的完成式，主要用于否定句，表示本可不必做某事。
“needn’t +不定式完成式”表示“本来不必做，但实际做了”。
注：didn’t need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
Needn’t have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn’t need to walk back home.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn’t have walked back home.
There was plenty of time. She __________.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
答案D。needn’t have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn’t have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
Period four Learning about language
Step 1. Revision
Check the students’ homework.
Ask some students to retell the text.
Step 2. Discovering useful words and expressions.
1. Find words and expressions from the text that mean the same.
1) ___________________something that you say is not true
2) ___________________not to be punished for something
3) ___________________uncooked
4) ___________________the strong wish to know about something
5) ___________________someone who buys things or services from a shop, company, etc
6) ___________________a particular quality that gives someone or something an advantage
2. Fill in the blanks with words from the left box and paraphrase the italicized parts using the phrases from the right box.
Julie wanted to become thinner. She knew she (1)_________ eat more vegetables and fruit but little meat. However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a doctor but lived on a (2)_________ of rice, (3)_________ vegetables, bananas and lemons. Three weeks later, she found she weighed as much as ever. She felt so sad and hopeless about herself and her behaviour changed. She didn’t dare to face her boyfriend and she was unwilling to visit her friends any more. Luckily, her best friend Fred came to see her and encouraged her to exercise, eat a (4)_________ diet and enjoy life again. Soon Julie became amazingly (5)_________ and (6)_________! She felt very happy.
3. Do the underlined letters in each group have the same pronunciation? Tick the odd one out. Then check if the words in each group refer to the same kind of food. Cross out the odd one and give your reasons.
1) peach cream pear bean 2) butter nut sugar mutton
3) bacon ham cabbage lamb 4) lemon eggplant strawberry watermelon
4. In pares make up a dialogue about food you like or dislike, using the expressions, below and as many food words as you know.
Answers:
1. 1) lie 2) get away with 3) raw 4) curiosity 5) customer 6) benefit
2. 1) ought to 2) diet 3) raw 4) balanced 5) energetic 6) slim
become thinner---lose weight; being laugher at by her friends---losing face; felt so sad and hopeless about herself---lost heart; was unwilling to visit any more---lost interest in visiting
3. 1)√pear; ×cream(fat and all the others are fruit)2)√sugar; ×mutton(meat and all the others are energy-giving food)3)√bacon;×cabbage(vegetable and all the others are meat)4)√strawberry;×eggplant(vegetable and all the others are fruit)
4. S1: What’s your favourite food? I’m really fond of roast duck.
S2: My favourite food is roast mutton and cold vinegar fish.
S1: What do you hate?
S2: I really hate spicy food. It upsets my stomach and makes me feel ill.
S1: I’m so sorry to hear that! I can’t stand boiled eggs myself.
S2: Really! I love them. If you eat boiled eggs with smoked chicken and cucumber salad, they taste delicious.
S1: I don’t often eat chicken although I know it has low fat and you won’t gain weight.
S2: Are you worried about gaining weight too? That’s why I’ve stopped eating fried food. It’s really sad because I love fried eggplant with fried chicken.
S1: Never mind. It’ll be worth it when you’re elegant and thin!
S2: I hope so.
Step 3. Discovering useful structures
Modal verbs to mean “permission” have not been used here. They are very easy to practice. Encourage Ss to make up some sentences of their own using modal verbs.
Step 4. Practice.
1. Underline the sentences containing modal verbs in the reading passage and use the fun_ction words below to explain the meaning of the modal verbs.
2. Choose suitable modal verbs below to complete the following dialogues. There may be more than one possibility.
1) Sam: How can I grow thinner, Mum?
Mum: Well, you ______ eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better. And you _______ stop drinking cola or eating sweet food.
Sam: Does it mean I __________ eat my favourite fried chicken any more?
Mum: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken, you _______ give it up. Just eat it less often. You _________ worry too much: a little fried chicken _______ do you good!
2) Doctor: You are sick because you’ve eaten poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them?
Lucy: I picked them in the forest. I know we __________ eat fresh vegetables.
Doctor: Oh, but you __________ eat them until you’ve sure they are not poisonous.
Lucy: Thank you, doctor. I’ll be more careful next time.
3) Charles: I wish I could see things clearly in the dark.
Tom: Eating carrots ________ help you see better. You ______ eat some every day.
3. Now work in pairs. One of you asks a question. The other answers it. Then swap over. Remember to use modal verbs in your answer.
Answers: 2. 1) have to; should; shouldn’t needn’t; don’t have to/needn’t/shouldn’t; will
2) have to; mustn’t
3) ought to; should
3. 1) I have to take the book to the librarian’s desk. Then I need to give her my card so she can register the book on her computer. I have to return the book before the date stamped on the cover.
2) I must go to the dental hospital and see the dentist. Of course I have to make an appointment first. Then I should clean my teeth before I go into the dentist’s surgery. It will be more thoughtful for him/her if I can do this.
3) First, I ought to arrive in good time at the airport. Second, I must write the name of the person I don’t know on a name board and display it so everyone can see it. Finally, I have to wait until the plane has arrived and all the people from that flight have appeared. If I still have not seen him/her I should go to the information centre and ask them to make an announcement.
4) To get a discount in a shop I need to find out the original price. Then it is important to laugh and wonder aloud if this price is a joke or not. Finally I should offer a lower price and argue with the salesperson until they offer me a more reasonable price. If the price is sill too high I don’t have accept it. I can always walk away. Sometimes if the salesperson is keen to make a sale he/she will offer me a more reasonable price.
5) When you meet the hostess in your friend’s home you ought to greet her politely. You should spend a few minutes talking to her. For example you can thank her for inviting you but you don’t need to compliment her on her dress or her house. However you ought not to speak to her too long as she will be busy and have many people to greet. At the end of the party you must thank her for a lovely evening.
Step 5. Homework:
Review the rules of word formation and the meanings of modal verbs.
Finish the Using Structures on Page 50.
Period five Using language
Teaching aims:
To familiarize the Ss with the different kinds of food and the results of eating an unbalanced diet.
To give Ss a chance to analyse the impressions and the characters of the story.
To practice Ss’ persuasive skills by producing an advertisement.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
Check the Using Structures on Page 50.
Step 2. Listening
1. Read the following words. Practise the pronunciation and find out what these illness are.
scurvy
rickets
obesity
2. From the text we’ve learned, we know the two restaurants supplied no balanced diet. Now, let’s listen to the whole dialogue between Wang Peng and an expert. Write down the main idea of the dialogue.
(Answer: Wang Peng is doing research to find out how an unbalanced diet can affect your health, so you need to eat a balanced diet if you are to stay healthy.)
3. Listen to the tape again and join the names of the illnesses to their causes.
Illnesses
Causes
Scurvy
too much rice, noodles, sugar and fat
Rickets
not enough vitamin C
Obesity
not enough protein and vitamin D
4. After listening, work in pairs and discuss what problems Wang Peng and Yong Hui have and what suggestions you would give them.
Owner of restaurant
Problems with food offered
What food is needed
Wang Peng
Too much fat and energy-giving food
More fruit and vegetables
Yong Hui
Too much fruit and too many vegetables
More meat, fish, cheese and eggs as well as rice and noodles
5. Discuss the following questions in groups.
1) Which illness do we still have today?
2) Why is it we don’t get scurvy or rickets today?
3) Who got these illnesses and why?
6. Listening text
How an unbalanced diet can affect your health
Wang Peng went to the library, where he happened to meet an expert on diets. He asked him for help.
WP= Wang Peng E=Expert
WP: Hello. Can you help me, please? I want to find out more about balanced diets.
E: Of course. A balanced diet needs energy food like rice and noodles, body-building food like fish and meat for protein and fat, and protective food like fruit and vegetables for fibre and vitamins.
WP: Yes, but does it matter how much rice, noodles and sugar I eat?
E: Yes. If you eat too much, you may become obese. This means you are too fat and it may lead to other illnesses. However, if you don’t eat enough rice, noodles or sugar, you’ll get tired easily.
WP: I see. I’ll be careful about that. Does it matter how much fish, meat or cheese I eat?
E: Too much can also make you fat, but if you don’t eat enough, your bones won’t grow strong. A long time ago, children who didn’t eat enough vitamin D and body-building food didn’t grow straight legs. They got an illness called rickets.
WP: Oh dear! Do people still have the problem?
E: Sometimes.
WP: Then what about fruit and vegetables? How much should I eat?
E: You ought to eat abut five big spoonfuls of different fruit and vegetables every day.
WP: Really? I didn’t know that.
E: Yes. In the 18th century sailors at sea used to find that their teeth fell out and they had bad spots on their skin. They got it because they didn’t eat enough fruit and vegetables. The illness is called scurvy.
WP: Goodness! What about now?
E: It’s very rare now. People eat more fruit and vegetables. You need protective food like that for clear skin and bright eyes.
P: Thank you very much. You have given me a lot to think about.
Step 3. Reading and discussing
Language points
Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. 也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。
earn one’s living谋生
David earns his living by writing articles for newspapers. 大卫靠为报社撰写文章谋生。
He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. 他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。
in debt 负债
He is heavily in debt. 他负债累累。
I am in your debt, John. 我欠你很多，约翰。
3) Why don’t you sit down and try a meal? 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？
Why don’t you…? 为什么不。。。，也可以说Why not…?
Why don’t you give it a try? (Why not give it a try?) 为什么不试试？
Why don’t you call him right now? (Why not call him right now?) 为什么不立刻给他打个电话？
4) Don’t you get tired quickly? 你不觉得自己很容易疲倦吗？
Don’t you…?是否定疑问句。这类句子并非真正询问，而是表示说话者的观点或态度。
It’s almost dinner time and you haven’t eaten since breakfast. Aren’t you hungry? 快吃晚饭了，你从早饭到现在还没有吃过东西，你难道不饿吗？
We’d better leave now. Isn’t it almost two o’clock? 咱们最好现在就走，不是快两点了吗？
5) In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. 这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。
cut down削减，压缩
He has to cut down on family expenses by one-third. 他不得不把家庭支出减少了三分之一。
The doctor asked her to cut down on sugar. 医生让她减少糖分摄入量。
Skimming
Ask Ss to look at the title and picture. How do they think the story ends? How and why do Wang Peng and Yong Hui get married? Let them skim the reading passage quickly to see if they were right.
Discussion
Read the passage again and underline all the different words that are used instead of “said”.
Answers: shouted, added, admitted, explained
How a person spoke
Why a person spoke
shouted thought called
explained added admitted
They can add: whispered smiled laughed cried
They can add: agreed wondered advised replied
Read the passage carefully to work out the meaning of the new words. Encourage them to use the context method and guessing the meaning before looking the words up in the dictionary.
5. Let some students make some sentences using these words. Perhaps you can give them a short passage and ask them to replace the word “said” with more interesting and lively words.
A possible passage:
The man pushed his chair angrily away from the table. “What do you mean?” he said. “I didn’t come into this restaurant to be overcharged!” The hostess looked embarrassed. “I’m so sorry you feel like that,” she said. “It’s the cost of the fish that you ordered. At the time I explained the price for each jin and you agreed. I didn’t know you’d feel like this!” The man pulled his money out of his pocket. “And what’s more,” he said. “it didn’t taste very nice. Was it fresh?” “It was dried fish, so I’m not sure,” she said. “I won’t come here again,” said the man to himself. “I won’t serve him again,” said the hostess to herself.
Step 3. Speaking and writing
In groups of four ask the students to make a list of their favourite local dishes.
Ask Ss to combine their lists and vote for the three or fur local dishes that they think best represent the local cooking.
Imaging you are planning to open a restaurant which will provide the best local dishes in your area and a balanced diet. In groups discuss how to run the business. Give each other suggestions and advice. The following expressions may help you.
Sample dialogue:
S1: What kind of food should our local restaurant serve?
S2: Well, our favourite local dishes are dumplings and beef noodle soup.
S3: Right. That sounds like a good start. Let’s use them as a basis for our menu.
S4: OK. If we serve dumplings we need to inspire people to come to our restaurant. How can we do that?
S1: We can tell them how fresh our dishes are. They need to know that we make fresh dumplings every day and use fresh beef to make our beef noodle soup.
S3: What about showing them the bones in a pot outside the restaurant? Then they’ll know that we use fresh beef for our soup.
S4: Good idea! Also let’s keep our restaurant doors open so the customers passing by can smell our delicious food. Then they’ll want to come in.
S2: Remember about a balanced diet. Do dumplings and beef noodle soup provide a balanced diet?
S1: No. We don’t have any protective food. So we need to include salads like cold cucumber salad in our menu. Is there anything else we need?
S3: I don’t think so. Now let me write this all down so that we can write a good advertisement for our new restaurant.
4. Write a short passage to advertise your restaurant and its service according to the following:
1) explain what kind of food will be offered in your restaurant
2) describe their ingredients, flavour, smell and appearance
3) explain how they will provide a balanced diet
4) explain why your restaurant will provide the best food in the area
5) explain how customers will be served
How Yan’s Family Restaurant of Local Dishes
Our restaurant is special for several reasons:
it is family owned and run
we serve a balanced diet
we specialize in dumplings and beef noodle soup
we cook our dishes from start to finish everyday
only the very best ingredients are included
watch for our fresh pot of cow’s bones every day to show we have made fresh beef stock for the soup
our recipes are a family secret and cannot be found elsewhere in other restaurants
for our first week we are offering a discount of 20%
Once you have tried our food,
You will never want to go anywhere else!
Name of restaurant and its type of dishes
The advantages of our restaurant
the food and menu
quality of cooking and preparation
secret recipe-a special feature
cheaper prices to encourage customers
Overall assessment
Step 4. Homework:
Finish the exercises on pages 51 to 53.
Review the sentence structures, new words and expressions.
American Eating Custom
American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in one’s right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.
The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly funny, but it is considered good manners.
There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans don’t use one, because obviously this greatly complicates （使复杂化） things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon （熏猪肉） with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one tool is being used, food has to be chased around the plate with the fork─and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this. Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remember to save it for the meat course. Even desserts (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).
Healthy Food for Kids
In the UK, most children have their midday meal at school, but in many schools, parents can choose what their children eat. The children can have a school dinner─a hot, cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, which usually includes cold food like sandwiches.
Often parents decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother of three children told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. So I make three packed lunches every morning, so we’re like a sandwich bar in our kitchen in the morning.”
However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious （有营养的） value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets better healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”
But how healthy are school dinners? Kaz, a father, wasn’t impressed with them, “Fizzy drinks（汽水） were offered and I think there were a lot of chips.”
The question of how healthy school food is, was brought to the forefront （引起重视） by famous chef Jamie Oliver, who launched a campaign to improve children’s nutrition, after spending a year working in a school kitchen. The TV series about the campaign won a BAFTA award this week.
He was horrified at the junk food which he saw being served which included burgers, pizzas and chips. So he decided to ban the junk, and started cooking some good stews and curries for the children instead.
So Jamie improved the school dinners in that particular school, and trained the dinner ladies to cook healthy food. Then he put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food across the country. And it looks like the changes have begun.
Anna, a pupil at a secondary school told us, “We used to have a fast food counter where you got chips and stuff but they stopped that this year. There’s a salad bar, which is good, so it’s healthier than it was.”
Out-of-Date Food
Fine wines and cheese may improve with age, but Japanese consumers were probably surprised to find that one company manager thought Chinese spring rolls did, too. That, at least, is what Reiko Yoshida, head of a small food firm in western Japan, told a news conference when asked to explain why her company sold frozen spring rolls and other products that were well past their sell-by date. “I was told that the products were past their expiry（期满） date, but I gave the order to sell them after I tried them and found them tasty,” a spokesman for the company, Shinsho, quoted Yoshida as telling a news conference. The company sold about 2,600 frozen spring rolls to stores even though some were nearly six months past their expiry date, the spokesman said. Yoshida accepted now that the company should have thrown the food away after the sell-by date passed and that it would take care from now on. The firm has voluntarily halted business in 21 of its 23 shops around the country for an indefinite period of time. Japanese consumer confidence in food products has been shaken by several recent scandals（丑闻）, including cases of mislabeling （贴错标签）.
In her book, Japanese Women Don’t Get Old or Fat, Naomi Moriyama reveals the key to health and longevity（寿命）: A Japanese-style, home-cooked diet rich in fish, veggies, rice, fruit, noodles, and green tea─the kind of meals she ate growing up in Tokyo. So who most urgently needs to read Moriyama’s book these days? Actually, the people of Japan.
Fitness in the Land of the Rising Sun appears to be- come worse. Obesity (肥胖) in Japanese men in their 40s increased from 23 percent in 1980 to 34 percent in 2003, and among children, from about 6 percent to 8 percent, according to the country’s National Health and Nutrition Survey. Meanwhile, the number of people being treated for diabetes (糖尿病) shot up 53 percent over the past 15 years, while the number of patients with high blood pressure has grown 9 percent in 10 years, the Health Ministry says. This is the country that has had the world’s longest life expectancy: 86 years for women, 79 for men.
It’s not that the Japanese are all suddenly trying to become Sumo (相扑) wrestlers. The problem is too many are eating like one. “Unfortunately, an increasing number of Japanese are adopting unhealthy eating patterns,”Moriyama says. “Japanese people are easily harmed—maybe even more so─to the dangers of fast food, sedentary (久坐的) lifestyles, and obesity as Westerners. In other words, it’s not all in our genes.”
The food we eat seems to have great effects in on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80 percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and 40 percent of cancer is related to the diet as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives (添加剂) caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings (包装) of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practices continue.
Fruits
Although most fruits are sweet, they tend to be relatively low in calories. Better still, they are a good source of fiber and are packed with nutrients - especially Vitamin C.
On reason that the much-talked about "Mediterranean diet" is considered to be so good for the heart is because it includes plenty of fresh fruit. The World Health Organization recommends that everyone should try to eat at least five portions of different fruit or vegetables each day.
A portion of fruit counts as a single fruit, such as an apple or orange, a cup of small fruit such as grapes or raspberries, or a glass of pure fruit juice. You can include dried, tinned and frozen fruit as part of your quota, but tinned fruit is often sweetened in syrup, and contains less vitamin C.swherespossible buy fruit that has been canned in its own juice without added sugar. Fresh fruit and juice provide most of our daily intake of vitamin C with citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, grape fruit and tangerines) being the most important source. Other top vitamin C providers include Kiwi Fruit, strawberries, raspberries, blackcurrants mangoes and papayas. Fruits with orange or deep yellow flesh, such as apricots, mangoes and cantaloupe melons, get their color from a yellow orange pigment called beta carotene, the plant from of vitamin A. Other carotene pigments such as lycopene are found in red fruits, and these along with beta carotene are thought to protect against free radicals and possibly cancer. Fruit is rich in potassium, especially bananas and dried fruits. Potassium helps to regulate blood pressure. It works in tandem with sodium to regulate the body's fluid balance.
Another reason why fruit is so important to the diet is because it contains both soluble and insoluble fiber. The insoluble fiber help reduce the risk of colon Cancer while soluble fiber can help to lower blood cholesterol levels. Citrus fruit and dried fruits (such as figs, dates, apricots and raisins) are particularly good sources of fiber. Pesticides are applied to crops to ensure that the produce is of a high quality and free from pests and diseases, and in most fruit the levels are so low that they pose no hazard to health even for children, however it is sensible to thoroughly wash fruit in clean running water before consumption. The benefits of eating fruit are many. Fruit tastes good, it contains antioxidants that may help to protect against cancer. It is a rich source of potassium that helps to regulate blood pressure and it provides most of our daily intake of vitamin C.
Our life food—water
Water is the "life food" of our earth. It is in every living thing. It is in the air. It runs through mountains and valleys. It forms lakes and seas. Nature has a great water system. Rainwater finds its way to rivers and lakes. River water runs into the sea. At the mouths of the rivers, fresh water joins the salt water of the sea. Here at the mouth of a river there is much important plant and animal life. But pollution destroys this life. We have to clean our rivers. Man has to work with nature, not against it.
Cereal…Young Americans Say It’s Not Just For Breakfast Anymore
谷类食品对于美国年轻人不再只是早餐
Guess what food young Americans are eating like steers at a feedlot?
Cereal. You know, one of the basic food groups.
But not for breakfast. Teenagers and college kids don't even eat breakfast.
Despite the low current craze, young folks are gobbling up cereal -- in their rooms, on the bus, and, believe it or not, even in what are called “cereal cafes” in college towns and some big cities. At the Cereality restaurant in Philadelphia, for instance, the wait staff wears pajamas emblazoned with the logo, The United Flakes of America. Cereal, after all, is supposed to be a morning thing.
Cereal is a hip concept, explained Cereality's founder.
Frosted Flakes are hip?
This fad is great news for American dentists, because the most popular cereals among young people are sugar-laden brands such as Cocoa Puffs, Cap'n Crunch, and Fruity Pebbles.
They're predictable. As one student told the New York Times, you know what Cap'n Crunch is going to taste like. Pork roast could be iffy.
Never mind the tooth decay and the pimples.
And wait till you see the toppings! This cereal craze also appears to be an excuse to wolf down coconut, melted chocolate, and ice cream on top of your shredded wheat.
Important to students on a budget, cereal is cheap! You even get a straw and a long spoon to slurp up the last granola crumbs and the final drops of milk.
When these kids get sudden cravings for food -- and they often do -- few things cure a case of the munchies better than a box of Kellogg's Sugar Pops.
This has been bowl season in the United States -- American college football championship games called “bowls” are being played everywhere. Not that some students are paying attention. They're too deep into their own bowls…cereal bowls.
课件13张PPT。Unit 2Grammar Healthy eatingshould 和ought to1. should和ought to表示责任、建议或劝告，翻译为“应该”，后者语气强一些，可用于各种人称。 You should listen to the doctor’s advice if you want to recover soon. Such things ought not to be allowed. 2. should接动词的完成式，是一种谴责，表示过去应该做而没有做或过去做了而不应该做。 I missed the class. I should have come earlier. I shouldn’t have made such a foolish mistake.3. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。have to和must1. 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.（主观上要做这件事） 2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3. 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示“不必”; mustn't 表示“禁止”You don't have to tell him about it. You mustn't tell him about it. need和have to1. need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t have to表示他人或客观情况要求"必须"，也可以翻译为"不得不"，have to否定形式意思是"不一定"或"没有必要"。 You needn’t come if you don’t want to. I don’t think you need be so polite to her. You don’t have to work so hard if you just want to pass Band 4. Because of the heavy rain, the children have had to get up earlier than usual this week. 2. need后面接动词的完成式，主要用于否定句，表示本可不必做某事。 “needn’t +不定式完成式”表示“本来不必做，但实际做了”。didn’t need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 Needn’t have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 注： John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn’t have walked back home. There was plenty of time. She __________.
mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried needn’t have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn’t have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。Let’s end of this part.
Thank you !课件25张PPT。Unit 2Learning about language Healthy eating Discovering useful words
and expressions. 1. Find words and expressions from the text that mean the same.___________________
something that you say is not true2) ___________________
not to be punished for something3) ___________________uncooked4) ___________________
the strong wish to know about something5) ___________________
someone who buys things or services from a shop, company, etc6) ___________________
a particular quality that gives someone or something an advantage2. Fill in the blanks with words from the left box and paraphrase the italicized parts using the phrases from the right box.balanced
diet
raw
slim
ought to
energeticlose weight lose heart
lose interest lose faceJulie wanted to become thinner. She knew she (1)_________ eat more vegetables and fruit but little meat. However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a doctor but lived on a (2)_________ of rice, (3)_________ vegetables, bananas and lemons. Three weeks later, she found she weighed as much as ever. 1) ought to 2) diet 3) rawShe felt so sad and hopeless about herself and her behaviour changed. She didn’t dare to face her boyfriend and she was unwilling to visit her friends any more. Luckily, her best friend Fred came to see her and encouraged her to exercise, eat a (4)_________ diet and enjoy life again. Soon Julie became amazingly (5)_________ and (6)_________! She felt very happy. 4) balanced 5) energetic 6) slim3. Do the underlined letters in each group have the same pronunciation? Tick the odd one out. Then check if the words in each group refer to the same kind of food. Cross out the odd one and give your reasons. 1) peach cream pear bean √pear; ×cream(fat and all the others are fruit)2) butter nut sugar mutton 3) bacon ham cabbage lamb√sugar; ×mutton(meat and all the others are energy-giving food)√bacon;×cabbage(vegetable and all the others are meat)4) lemon eggplant strawberry watermelon√strawberry;×eggplant(vegetable and all the others are fruit) 4. In pares make up a dialogue about food you like or dislike, using the expressions, below and as many food words as you know.My favourite food/fruit/meat is…
I’m fond of… I don’t often eat…
I really hate… I can’t stand…
… make me gain/lose weightfried chichen smoked chicken roast duck
barbecued mutton lemon beef sweet and sour fish
steamed fish creamed potatoes fried eggplant
cucumber salad boiled eggs stir-fried mushroomsS1: What’s your favourite food? I’m really fond of roast duck.
S2: My favourite food is roast mutton and cold vinegar fish.
S1: What do you hate?
S2: I really hate spicy food. It upsets my stomach and makes me feel ill.
S1: I’m so sorry to hear that! I can’t stand boiled eggs myself.
S2: Really! I love them. If you eat boiled eggs with smoked chicken and cucumber salad, they taste delicious.S1: I don’t often eat chicken although I know it has low fat and you won’t gain weight.
S2: Are you worried about gaining weight too? That’s why I’ve stopped eating fried food. It’s really sad because I love fried eggplant with fried chicken.
S1: Never mind. It’ll be worth it when you’re elegant and thin!
S2: I hope so.Discovering useful structures 1. Underline the sentences containing modal verbs in the reading passage and use the fun_ction words below to explain the meaning of the modal verbs.Intention Duty Permission possibility Guessing Ability2. Choose suitable modal verbs below to complete the following dialogues. There may be more than one possibility.ought/oughtn’t to should/ shouldn’t mustn’t needn’t (don’t)have to will can/can’t 1) Sam: How can I grow thinner, Mum?
Mum: Well, you _________ eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better. And you ________ stop drinking cola or eating sweet food.
Sam: Does it mean I ___________________ eat my favourite fried chicken any more?
Mum: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken, you ________________ give it up. Just eat it less often. You ________________________ worry too much: a little fried chicken _____ do you good!have toshouldshouldn’t/needn’tshouldn’t/needn’tdon’t have to/needn’t/shouldn’twill2) Doctor: You are sick because you’ve eaten poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them?
Lucy: I picked them in the forest. I know we __________ eat fresh vegetables.
Doctor: Oh, but you __________ eat them until you’ve sure they are not poisonous.
Lucy: Thank you, doctor. I’ll be more careful next time.ought/oughtn’t to should/ shouldn’t mustn’t needn’t (don’t)have to will can/can’t mustn’thave to3) Charles: I wish I could see things clearly in the dark.
Tom: Eating carrots ________ help you see better. You ______ eat some every day.shouldought to3. Now work in pairs. One of you asks a question. The other answers it. Then swap over. Remember to use modal verbs in your answer.1) I have to take the book to the librarian’s desk. Then I need to give her my card so she can register the book on her computer. I have to return the book before the date stamped on the cover.2) I must go to the dental hospital and see the dentist. Of course I have to make an appointment first. Then I should clean my teeth before I go into the dentist’s surgery. It will be more thoughtful for him/her if I can do this. 3) First, I ought to arrive in good time at the airport. Second, I must write the name of the person I don’t know on a name board and display it so everyone can see it. Finally, I have to wait until the plane has arrived and all the people from that flight have appeared. If I still have not seen him/her I should go to the information centre and ask them to make an announcement. 4) To get a discount in a shop I need to find out the original price. Then it is important to laugh and wonder aloud if this price is a joke or not. Finally I should offer a lower price and argue with the salesperson until they offer me a more reasonable price. If the price is sill too high I don’t have accept it. I can always walk away. Sometimes if the salesperson is keen to make a sale he/she will offer me a more reasonable price. 5) When you meet the hostess in your friend’s home you ought to greet her politely. You should spend a few minutes talking to her. For example you can thank her for inviting you but you don’t need to compliment her on her dress or her house. However you ought not to speak to her too long as she will be busy and have many people to greet. At the end of the party you must thank her for a lovely evening 1. Review the rules of word formation and the meanings of modal verbs.
2. Finish the Using Structures on Page 50.Homework Let’s end of this part.
Thank you !课件46张PPT。Unit 2Reading Healthy eatingPre-reading 1. Discuss in groupsWork out what nutrition they have 2. Thinking1) What do you think should go into a good meal?2) Imagine you and your partner are going to invite some friends for dinner. What special food of your place would you offer them? Plan a menu.A good meal should contain some food from each of the three categories above. S1: Now our favourite dishes in my hometown involve noodles. What abut you?
S2: Well, I like noodles too, so let’s use that for the energy-giving part of our dinner.
S1: What do you like to eat with noodles?Sample dialogue:S2: My favourite sauces are spicy ones. So let’s suggest noodles with spicy tofu. That’s very healthy and contains some of the body-building food too. Now we just need to include the protective food.
S1: Yes, you’re right. Now what about vegetables? They’re protective food and I think beans are nice with some sour and spicy sliced potato.
S2: Sounds fun to me. Let’s write it down…3. PredictingLook at the title of the reading passage and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about. Reading 1) Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。feeling very frustrated是-ing形式短语作伴随状语。He placed two tables together spreading all the papers out on them. 他把两张桌子摆在一起，把卷子铺放在上面。Pretending to look frightened, I backed towards the door. 我装出害怕的样子，退到门口。1. Language points2) By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的。ought to应该；应当There is one thing I ought to discuss with you before we start. 我们开始前还有一件事我要和你谈。Something ought to be done about the waste. 得想办法处理这些垃圾了。be full of 充满He was full of curiosity. 他的心里充满了好奇。The house was full of heavy smoke and shouting. 房子里充满了浓烟和喊叫声。3) “Nothing could be better,” he thought. 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”比较级的否定形式，实际上表示的是最高级的含义。“Did you sleep well last night?” “Never better, like a rock.” “你昨夜睡得怎样？”“从未这么好过，睡得很死。”Nobody loved money better than he did. 没人比他更受财。I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling. 我想没有什么比旅馆更令人愉快。4) Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. 突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆走过。see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后面的宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词原形，也可以是-ing形式，但两者的含义不完全相同，前者着重叙述事实的经过，后者着重偶然觉察到的一个正在进行的动作。I saw him put everything in his bag and go out. 我看见他把所有的东西都装进了口袋，走了出去。I saw him putting something in the bag. 我看见他正向口袋里装东西。I watched her step off the sidewalk, cross the road, and disappear into the post office. 我看着她走下人行道，穿过马路，进了邮局。5) Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight? 肥腻的东西吃厌了吧？想变瘦吗？这是省略的句子，完整的句子应当是：Are you tired of all that fat? Do you want to lose weight? 因此朗读时应注意用升调。be tired of 对。。。。。。厌倦。I am tired of the same food every day. Cant we have something different? 天天吃同样的食品让人厌倦，难道我们不能换些花样吗？He has got tired of living abroad. He is considering going back to China. 他厌倦了国外的生活正在考虑回到中国去。6）Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. 五鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对它们的价格。be amazed at 对……感到惊讶；惊愕Everybody was amazed at his design. 大家都对他的设计感到惊讶。You would be amazed at how difficult is was. 要知道这是多么困难，你会大为诧异的。7) He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。have somebody doing something 让某人做某事；让某情况发生Our success in the Athens Olympics has me wondering whether we can win even more medals next time. 我们在雅典奥运会上的成功让我真想知道下一届我们能否赢得更多的奖牌。get away with (做了某事)而不受惩罚，携带…跑掉For that serious accident, he got away with only a fine. 那么严重的事故，他缴了罚款就完事了。They got away with damaging the car. 他们损坏了汽车却逃之夭夭。Have the following questions read the text silently and identify questions they have about the content and meaning. The questions will help them have a good understanding of the text.2. Listening to the tapeThe two restaurants supplied the healthy diet. The reason why Yong Hui’s restaurant was so popular with customers.Wang Pengwei found out why he had lost his customers and decided to win them back.The main idea of:Wang Peng’s menu and the popularity of his restaurant3. ScanningPara 1: Finding Yong Hui’s restaurantPara 2: Yong Hui’s restaurant and menu Wang Peng’s researchPara 3: Para 4: Comprehending 1. Read the passage carefully and think about these statements. Tick the correct boxes. Give reasons for your answers. 1) Usually Wang Peng’s restaurant was full of people. T2) Yong Hui could make people thin in two weeks by giving them a good diet. F3) Wang Peng’s regular customers often became fat. T4) Yong Hui’s menu gave customers more energy-giving food. F5) Wang Peng’s menu gave customers more protective food. F6) Wang Peng decided to compete with Yong Hui by copying her menu. F2. In your own words explain the following sentences or parts of sentences taken from the passage.1) Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Li Chang always came to his restaurant so if he did not, it meant that something seious had happened to stop him.2) He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!He did not want Yong Hui to tell lies and people to believe her.3) Perhaps with a discount and a new sigh he could win his customers back.If he gave his customers cheaper prices and advertised the benefits of his menu, perhaps his customers would return.3. Read the Warming up and the passage again and write out your answers.The weakness of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it did not give
______________________ enough protective food 2) The strength of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it provided
_________________________plenty of energy-giving food 3) The weakness of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it did not give
_______________________enough energy-giving food 4) The strength of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it provided
_______________________plenty of protective food 4. The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Give the main idea in each part and then retell the story in your own words.1) Wang Peng is worried because his restaurant is not as full as it usually is. 2) He follows his friend to a newly opened restaurant which is very popular. 3) Worried, he does some research to win his customers back.Wang Peng is worried because his customers are not coming to his restaurant as they usually did. He follows his friend to a newly opened restaurant which offers to make people thin in two weeks. Worried, he does some research and tries to win his customers back.Suggested summary of the story:5. Discuss these questions in pairs. Write down your main points and compare them with those of another pair.1) What do you think Wang Peng will provide to win his customers back?Wang Peng will offer more protective food with his meals such as salad. He will cook his food in less oil.He will stop serving ice cream and cola because both of thos have too much fat or sugar.2) How do you think the story will end?Wang Peng will lose his restaurant. Yong Hui will come to his restaurant and become very angry with him.Yong Hui’s customers will become so tired they will return to Wang Peng’s restaurant.6. Many different kinds of cooking are mentioned in the passage. Make a list of them and find out what cooking skills they describe.Go over what we’ve learn and finish the exercises in workbook.2. Try to retell the text.HomeworkLet’s end of this part.
Thank you !课件27张PPT。Unit 2Using language Healthy eatingFrom the text we’ve learned, we know the two restaurants supplied no balanced diet. Now, let’s listen to the whole dialogue between Wang Peng and an expert. Write down the main idea of the dialogue. Wang Peng is doing research to find out how an unbalanced diet can affect your health, so you need to eat a balanced diet if you are to stay healthy. Listen to the tape again and join the names of the illnesses to their causes.After listening, work in pairs and discuss what problems Wang Peng and Yong Hui have and what suggestions you would give them. Discuss the following questions in groups.1) Which illness do we still have today?2) Why is it we don’t get scurvy or rickets today?3) Who got these illnesses and why?Listening textWang Peng went to the library, where he happened to meet an expert on diets. He asked him for help.
WP= Wang Peng E=Expert
WP: Hello. Can you help me, please? I want to find out more about balanced diets.
E: Of course. A balanced diet needs energy food like rice and noodles, body-building food like fish and meat for protein and fat, and protective food like fruit and vegetables for fibre and vitamins.
WP: Yes, but does it matter how much rice, noodles and sugar I eat?How an unbalanced diet can affect your healthE: Yes. If you eat too much, you may become obese. This means you are too fat and it may lead to other illnesses. However, if you don’t eat enough rice, noodles or sugar, you’ll get tired easily.
WP: I see. I’ll be careful about that. Does it matter how much fish, meat or cheese I eat?
E: Too much can also make you fat, but if you don’t eat enough, your bones won’t grow strong. A long time ago, children who didn’t eat enough vitamin D and body-building food didn’t grow straight legs. They got an illness called rickets.
WP: Oh dear! Do people still have the problem?
E: Sometimes.
WP: Then what about fruit and vegetables? How much should I eat?E: You ought to eat abut five big spoonfuls of different fruit and vegetables every day.
WP: Really? I didn’t know that.
E: Yes. In the 18th century sailors at sea used to find that their teeth fell out and they had bad spots on their skin. They got it because they didn’t eat enough fruit and vegetables. The illness is called scurvy.
WP: Goodness! What about now?
E: It’s very rare now. People eat more fruit and vegetables. You need protective food like that for clear skin and bright eyes.
P: Thank you very much. You have given me a lot to think about.Language points earn one’s living谋生Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. 也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。David earns his living by writing articles for newspapers. 大卫靠为报社撰写文章谋生。2. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. 他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。 in debt 负债He is heavily in debt. 他负债累累。I am in your debt, John. 我欠你很多，约翰。3) Why don’t you sit down and try a meal? 你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？Why don’t you…? 为什么不。。。，也可以说Why not…?Why don’t you give it a try? (Why not give it a try?) 为什么不试试？Why don’t you call him right now? (Why not call him right now?) 为什么不立刻给他打个电话？4) Don’t you get tired quickly? 你不觉得自己很容易疲倦吗？Don’t you…?是否定疑问句。这类句子并非真正询问，而是表示说话者的观点或态度。It’s almost dinner time and you haven’t eaten since breakfast. Aren’t you hungry? 快吃晚饭了，你从早饭到现在还没有吃过东西，你难道不饿吗？We’d better leave now. Isn’t it almost two o’clock? 咱们最好现在就走，不是快两点了吗？5) In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. 这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。cut down削减，压缩He has to cut down on family expenses by one-third. 他不得不把家庭支出减少了三分之一。The doctor asked her to cut down on sugar. 医生让她减少糖分摄入量。Read the passage again and underline all the different words that are used instead of “said”.Discussion Answers: shouted, added, admitted, explainedReplace the word “said” with more interesting and lively words. The man pushed his chair angrily away from the table. “What do you mean?” he said. “I didn’t come into this restaurant to be overcharged!”A possible passage:The hostess looked embarrassed. “I’m so sorry you feel like that,” she said. “It’s the cost of the fish that you ordered. At the time I explained the price for each jin and you agreed. I didn’t know you’d feel like this!” The man pulled his money out of his pocket. “And what’s more,” he said. “it didn’t taste very nice. Was it fresh?” “It was dried fish, so I’m not sure,” she said. “I won’t come here again,” said the man to himself. “I won’t serve him again,” said the hostess to herself.Imaging you are planning to open a restaurant which will provide the best local dishes in your area and a balanced diet. In groups discuss how to run the business. Give each other suggestions and advice. The following expressions may help you. Speaking and writing What should we do?
Shall we…?
How about…?
You must/mustn’t..
I think you ought to…
Perhaps you should…
You’d better…
You need/needn’t…
You have to /don’t have to…
I would strongly advise you to…
You might…
I suggest that you…
My advice is/ would be…
It might be a good idea to…S1: What kind of food should our local restaurant serve?
S2: Well, our favourite local dishes are dumplings and beef noodle soup.
S3: Right. That sounds like a good start. Let’s use them as a basis for our menu.
S4: OK. If we serve dumplings we need to inspire people to come to our restaurant. How can we do that?Sample dialogue:S1: We can tell them how fresh our dishes are. They need to know that we make fresh dumplings every day and use fresh beef to make our beef noodle soup.
S3: What about showing them the bones in a pot outside the restaurant? Then they’ll know that we use fresh beef for our soup.
S4: Good idea! Also let’s keep our restaurant doors open so the customers passing by can smell our delicious food. Then they’ll want to come in.S2: Remember about a balanced diet. Do dumplings and beef noodle soup provide a balanced diet?
S1: No. We don’t have any protective food. So we need to include salads like cold cucumber salad in our menu. Is there anything else we need?
S3: I don’t think so. Now let me write this all down so that we can write a good advertisement for our new restaurant.4. Write a short passage to advertise your restaurant and its service according to the following:1) explain what kind of food will be offered in your restaurant2) describe their ingredients, flavour, smell and appearance3) explain how they will provide a balanced diet4) explain why your restaurant will provide the best food in the area5) explain how customers will be served1. Finish the exercises on pages 51 to 53.2. Review the sentence structures, new words and expressions. Homework:Let’s end of this part.
Thank you !课件7张PPT。Unit 2Warming up Healthy eatingClassify food according to their functions and fill in the form.Questions: 1. Why do you think the food is divided into different groups? 2. How does this information help you make a healthy meal? Discussion Please design a meal which they enjoy. And then analyse your meal according to the categories of food set out in the textbook. 1. Is their meal balanced?2. Does it include food from each of the three categories? What (if anything) is missing?Analysing What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? If you eat too much energy-giving foods you will become fat and suffer from high blood pressure; if you eat too much body-building food you will grow taller and stronger but not necessarily healthier; if you eat too much protective foods for every meal you may lack energy. However without protective food(over a long period of time) you can get serious illnesses like scurvy(lack of vitamin C) or rickets(lack of vitamin D); if you don’t eat enough food of any of the three kinds you may get anorexia(too thin). Write down more you know about diet. Homework Let’s end of this part.
Thank you !情态动词表推测用法训练
1. She must have won the gold medal yesterday, ________?
A. have she B. must she
C. didn’t she D. do you
2. Put on more clothes. You ________ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. may C. would D. must
3. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. may give
C. may have given D. might give
4. I’m very sorry. I didn’t hear the phone. I ________ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. have to be D. have to have been
5. ─Are you coming to Tom’s birthday party?
─I’m not sure. I ________ go to the cinema instead.
A. must B. would
C. should D. might
6. Sorry, I’m late, I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should
C. can D. will
7. ─I didn’t see her yesterday.
─Of course, you ________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. can B. may not have
C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
8. You ________ spoken to her. I didn’t see her at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have
C. needn’t have D. couldn’t have
1―5 CDABD 6―8 ACA
汉译英训练
根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. 玛丽似乎在节食以减肥。
Mary seems to ________ to lose weight.
2. 得知他负债累累，他的女友离开了。
Knowing he is ________, his girlfriend went away.
3. 他的妻子不得不把家庭支出减少三分之一多。
His wife ________ on family expenses ________ more than one-third.
4. 作为一位艺术家他是一个成功者。
He was ________ as an artist.
5. 小偷携带价值几千英镑的珠宝逃走了。
The thief ________ several thousand pounds worth of jewellery.
6. 我的祖父靠卖菜为生。
My grandfather ________ by selling vegetables.
7. 托尼厌倦了每天早上吃同样的食物。
Tony ________ the same food for breakfast every morning.
8. 把这两个小班合并起来成为一个大班。
The two small classes ________ a large one.
9. 他竭尽全力去学习英语。
He ________ into studying English.
10. 这个老板欠债已达到5000美元。
The boss’s debts ________ over $5，000.
11. 雨水对植物大有好处。
The rain ________ to the plants.
12. 他父亲终于戒掉了抽烟的习惯。
His father was finally able to ________ smoking.
1. be on a diet 2. deep in debt 3. has to cut down; by 4. a great success 5. got away with 6. earns his living 7. is tired of 8. combined to make 9. put all his energies 10. amount to 11. is of great benefit 12. get rid of / give up
