Unit 5 Music 同步导学

高一英语必修二 Unit 5 Music 同步导学
课 标 要 求
单元话题 Music: Different types of music
重点单词 n. folk, jazz, musician; passer-by; instrument, performance, pub, cash, studio, actor; broadcast, addition, dip, devotion, invitation, beardv. roll, pretend, attach, form, earn, form, perform, rely,adj. folk, extra, humorous, familiar, attractive, confident, brief, sensitive, painfuladv. briefly, afterwards;
重点短语 1.dream______梦想 2. ______ be honest说实在地；实话说 3. attach…_____ 认为有(重要性)；附上4. play jokes ______戏弄 5. _____cash 用现金6.rely______依赖; 依靠7.be.get familiar______熟悉8. or ______大约9. break ______打碎;分裂;解体10.______addition 另外;也11. sort ______分类；整理12. above ______最重要；首先
重要句型 1. They may play to passers-by in the street or subway ______ ______they can earn some extra money.他们可能在大街上或地铁里为行人表演以挣得一些额外收入。2. His most exciting experience ______ ______sing in a TV. 他最令人兴奋的经历是曾经在电视上表演过。3． heir personal life was discussed by people who didn’t know them but talked ______ ______ they were friends.一些不认识他们的人也在讨论他们的私生活，好象就是他们的朋友。4. At last Freddy and his band realised that they must lave Britain______ it became too painful for them. 最后弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到，他们必须趁着自己还没感到太痛苦离开英国。
核心语法 定语从句（IV）（由介词+which / whom 引导的定语从句）
功能意念 1.提出建议( Making suggestions)I’d like to suggest…我想建议… Let me say that…让我来说说……Why don’t we…. 我们为什么不 How/What about… ……怎么样 What do you think… 你认为……怎么样？I think we should…我想我们应该…… What if we… 如果我们……怎么样？ Maybe we could….也许我们可以…… Let’s …. 我们……吧！ 2．谈论爱好( Talking about preference )It makes me feel happy/comfortable/confident/cheerful…这使我感到高兴/舒适/自信/快乐。I prefer/hate...because…我宁愿/不喜欢……因为……If I’m worried/ frightened/concerned about…I prefer to…如果我担心/害怕……, 我能愿意……I (don’t) enjoy/appreciate/understand…because…我(不喜欢)喜欢/欣赏/理解…….因为……I find that if I listen to…I feel…我认为如果我听……我觉得……I attach great importance to…我认为……重要 I’m fond of….我喜欢……He/She is outstanding/wonderful/attractive…他/她是个杰出的/了不起的/有吸引力的……
主题写作 如何求助和征询意见
自我诊断
重点短语
1. of 2. to 3. to 4. on 5. in 6. on 7. with 8. so 9. up 10.in 11. out 12. all
经典句型
1.so that 2. was to 3. as if 4. before
知 识 整 合
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. pretend
【观察思考】
Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a fomous singer like SondZuying or Liu Huan
你唱卡拉OK时是否假装自己就像宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌星吗
1) She pretends that she likes them so that she can get their help.
她假装很喜欢他们，借以获得他们的帮助。
2) His pretended friendship was part of the deception.
他所谓的友谊是一种骗局。
3) She pretended illness as an excuse.
她佯称有病以为藉口。
4) I don't pretend to know as much as he does about it.
我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多.
5) He pretended to be friendly with me.
他假装对我友善。
6) The time has come to stop pretending!
够了, 别再装蒜了! *
7) She wasn't really crying; she was only pretending.
她并非真的在哭;她只是假装而已。
8) She pretends to great knowledge.
她自称具有广博的知识。
【归纳用法】
pretend用作及物动词，意思为“假装；装扮；伪称（某事物）；声称做某事；自称为某事物”。 常用结构有：
pretend that…假装 pretend sth/sb装扮
pretend to do sth 假装/声称做某事 pretend to be假装是
pretend to sth 自称有；自认为
pretend也可用作不及物动词，意思为“假装；自封；自称”。
2. attach
【观察思考】
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
说实在的，许多人把名和利看得重要。
1) The clerk attached a price tag to each article.
店员给每一件商品系上标价签。
2) This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这个医院附属附近的那所医学院。
3) You'll be attached to this department until the end of the year.
你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。
4) How can you attach the blame for this accident to the taxi-driver
你怎么能把这次事故的责任归于出租车司机呢
5) We are much attached to each other.
我们之间感情深厚。
6) He attached himself to the summer camp.
他参加了这次夏令营。
7) A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
聚会中有个小青年总缠著我, 我也甩不开他。
8) Do you attach any importance to what he said
你认为他说的话重要吗
9) The blame for this accident attaches to the man who drove under the influence.
这起事故的责任应由酒后开车的那个人承担。
【归纳用法】
attach可以用作及物动词和不不及物动词。
attach用作及物动词，构成 attach… to…结构， 义项有 (1) 系上; 附上, 贴上, 缚上, 拴上 (2) 使依附;使附属 (3) 把...归于 (4) (与oneself连用) 使参加;使附着 (5)认为有(重要性、意义)
attach用作不及物动词时，与介词to连用。
3. form
【观察思考】
But how do people get to form a band 但是人们如何组织乐队呢？
1) He formed a band with some friends from school.
他和学校里一些朋友组成了一支乐队。
2) A plan formed in my head.
一个计划在我的头脑中形成。
3) Help in the form of will be very welcome.
以钱的方式资助将会非常受欢迎。
4) Please fill in this form in ink.
请用墨水填写这张表格。
5) Sign your name in the blank space at the bottom of the form.
在表格下面的空白地方签上你的名字。
【归纳用法】
form用作动词时，主要义项有：组成，形成；用作名词，主要义项是：形状，形式，表格。
常用词组：
form the habit of = develop the habit of = get into the habit of 养成……的习惯；
in form 形式上，情况良好；
out of form 状态不佳；
in the form of 以……的形式；
take the form of 采取……的形式
2. earn
【观察思考】
Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.
有时他们可能在大街上或地铁里为过路人演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。
1) He earns about $20,000 a year.
他一年挣2万美圆左右。
2) To work means to earn a living.
工作就是为了生活。
3) She earned her living by singing in a nightclub.
她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生.
4) His success earned him a prize.
他的成功为他赢得了奖励。
5) His honesty earned him great respect.
他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬.
5) Your money would earn more in a high-interest account.
你的钱放在高利息帐户可获得更多。
6) They have little confidence that they can earn a place at a university.
他们几乎没有信心能够在大学赢得一席之地。
【归纳用法】
earn为动词，意思为：（1）挣得，赢得（2）获得；应得；博得。earn后可用双宾语,即earn sb sth。常见短语有：earn one’s/ a living谋生；earn a fortune挣一大笔钱。
3. extra
【观察思考】
Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.
有时他们可能在大街上或地铁里为过路人演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。
1) The perform is going to be a lot of extra work
这次演出将有很多额外的工作。
2) The rate for a room is $30, but breakfast is extra.
一个房间收费30美元，早餐另付。
3) Piano class is an optional extra at our school.
我们学校钢琴课是选修的，要另外收费。
4) Can I have extra time to finish my work
我能有额外的时间来完成我的工作吗？
5) Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra $100 a year!
然后, 他微笑着告诉我, 我每年将得到一百镑额外收益。
6) Dinner costs $80, and wine is extra.
饭菜是八十美元, 酒费另收。
7) Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors.
孩子们见到外国客人高兴极了。
8) This hotel charges extra for a room with a bath.
这个旅馆对有洗澡间的房间额外收费。
9) At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.
在这个旅馆里, 洗热水澡要另收费。
【归纳用法】
extra 有三种词性：
形容词，额外的；分外的；外加的；加班的；另外收费的；附加的；
副词，额外；另外；特别；格外；
名词，额外的事物，额外的钱。
4. hit
【观察思考】
The first show was a big hit. 第一场演出非常轰动。
1) The helicopter had taken eight hits, but somehow managed to land.
直升飞机虽然被击中了8次，但还是安然着陆了。　
2) The new film is making a great hit with the public.
这部新影片大受公众欢迎。
3) Television has hit the cinema industry very hard.
电视的出现沉重地打击了电影业。
4) Strike waves hit several Western European countries.
罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。
5) Just after his wounded body hit the ground a shell exploded only a few metres away.
他受伤的身子刚刚着地，一颗炮弹就在几米远的地方炸开了。
6) These foreign students hit it off with the natives.
这些外国留学生和本地人相处得很好。
7) The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.
我今天早晨醒来时突然想到了这个主意。
8) Price increases hit everyone’s pocket.
物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。
9) Robert has hit on / upon a good idea that will get us out of our difficulty.
罗伯特忽然想出了一个好主意,可以使我们摆脱困境。
【归纳用法】
作名词，多为可数名词，主要义项有：（1）打；击；命中（2）轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品
作动词时常作及物动词，有时为不及物。主要义项有：（1）打击；击中（2）使碰到；撞击（3）(主意、念头等)突然被想到 （4）袭击；使受害
与其相关短语主要有：
make a hit (with sb.) 大获成功；很受(某人)欢迎。
hit it off (with) 相处得好；合得来。
hit on 无意中遇到；偶然发现；忽然想起 (= hit upon)。
【易混辨析】
strike, beat, hit, knock辨析
这四个词都有“敲；打”的意思。strike强调用木棒、石头等的打，与hit用法接近；beat侧重“连续的敲击”，如：The raining is beating against the widow. beat也可以指“心脏的跳动”；knock强调“用力撞击”，如“将某人撞倒”可以说knock sb. down。
5. sort
【观察思考】
Can you sort them out 你能把他们归类吗？
1) --What sort of music do you like
你喜欢哪一类音乐？
--Oh, all sorts.
噢，哪一类都喜欢。
2) A hammer is a sort of tool.
锤子是一种工具。
3) He’s a sort of people who’re incapable of deceiving you.
他是那种不会欺骗你的人。
4) This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves.
这正是杰弗里所喜欢的那种事。
5) He is not my sort.
他不是我喜欢的那种人。
6) The teacher is out of sorts this morning.
今天上午老师心情不好
7) I sorted the books into big ones and small ones.
我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。
8) The cupboards need sorting out.
柜厨需要整理了。
9）She tried to sort out her problems.
她努力想要清楚自己的诸多问题
【归纳用法】
sort可用作名词或动词。作名词：（人或物的）群， 类，种，型。
作动词时常与out,连用，意为整理；分类整理，把……分类；澄清，使分清：通过在脑海中思考而消除（头脑中）的混乱。
习惯用语：
all sort(s) of (=of all sorts) 各种各样的
of the sort那样的; 这类的...., 诸如此类的...
and that sort of thing以及诸如此类的事情, 等等
a sort of一种, 可以说是...的东西
in any sort无论如何, 必须
in some sort多少, 稍微
out of sorts觉得不舒服, 情绪不佳, 心里不自在;
sort out （1）整理好（2）挑出（3）解决（4）整顿
6. afterwards
【观察思考】
He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards!　他喜爱演唱和随之而来的祝贺！1) Afterwards she was very sorry for what she did.
后来他很后悔他所做的。
2) Let’s buy some meat first and buy vegetables afterwards.
让我们先买点肉，然后买蔬菜。
【归纳用法】
afterwards 用作副词，意为“以后，后来”。注意：后缀-wards，常表示“朝……方向”，类似的单词还有：towards（朝，向），forwards（向前），backwards（向后）， eastwards（向东）， westwards（向西），southwards（向南），northwards（向北），upwards（向上），downwards（向下）。
7. perform
Then, choose an English song for your “band” to perform.
然后，选择一首你们的乐队可以演奏的英文歌曲。
【观察思考】
1) The surgeon performed the operation.
医师做了手术
2) The students will perform an opera next Friday.
这些学生下星期五将演出歌剧。
3) Their football team performed very well in the match yesterday.
他们的足球队在昨天的比赛中表现突出。
4) The engine seems to be performing well.
发动机似乎运转正常。
5）You should always perform what you promise.
你应永远履行你的诺言。
6）The new drug has performed well in tests.
那种新药试验效果不错.
7) They always perform their duties faithfully.
他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。
8) How is the new car performing
新汽车性能如何
【归纳用法】
perform为动词，主要义项有：（1）表演，演出；（2）做，执行，履行, 执行, 完成(事业) ；
（3）工作，运转，进行。其名词形式为performance。
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. dream of
【观察思考】
Have you ever dreamed of being in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music
你曾经梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众欣赏你的歌唱为你鼓掌吗
1) He dreamed of a better future.
他梦想一个更美好的未来。
2) When she was young, she dreamed of being a teacher.
她年轻的时候曾梦想当一名教师。
3) We all dream of a world at peace.
梦想有和平的世界
4) I dream of being the best footballer in the town.
我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。
5) His dream of being a doctor has come true.
他当医生的愿望实现了。
6) I never dreamed of meeting you here.
我绝对未想到在这里遇到你。
7) I dreamt about my teacher last night.
昨天夜里我梦见我的老师了。
【归纳用法】
dream of/about 意为“梦想；幻想；渴望”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
2.to be honest
【观察思考】
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
说实在的，许多人把名和利看得重要。
1) To be quite honest with you, I don't think you can pass the examination.
老实对你说，我不认为你能考试及格。
2) To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning.
说实话, 我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
3) Thank you for being so honest with me.
感谢你对我这么坦诚。
4) I shall be quite honest with you.
我将和你完全坦诚相待。
5) To be quite honest, I’m just not interested.
说实在地，我就是不感兴趣。
6) Honestly, that's all the money I've got!
我的的确确只有这点钱了!
【归纳拓展】
to be honest 常用作插入语，意思为“说实在地；实话说”，用以强调所言出自真心。honest前可以加quite, absolutely, perfectly等副词。to be honest =to tell the truth=honestly。
be honest about sth.在某事上诚实
be honest with 对...说老实话, 同...规规矩矩来往
副词honestly 意思为“诚实地；的确”。
名词honesty 意思为“诚实；坦率;正直”。
3. play jokes on
The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music. 乐队的乐师们边演奏边互相开玩笑。
【观察思考】
1) Though old, they often play jokes on each other.
尽管上了年纪，但他们还经常相互开玩笑。
2) He always likes to play jokes on me because we are close friends.
他总是爱拿我开玩笑，因为我们是很好的朋友。
3) Our English teacher loves telling us jokes in class.
我们的英语老师喜欢在课堂上给我们讲笑话。
【归纳用法】
play jokes on 意为“跟……开玩笑”。相近的词组还有：play tricks on sb. = play a trick on sb.捉弄某人；laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人；make fun of sb. 取笑某人; tell jokes或tell a joke意为“讲笑话”
5. or so
【观察思考】
However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work,….
在这一年左右的时间里，他们对自己的工作更认真。可是，在这以后……。
1) It’ll cost $30 or so.
那件东西大概植30美元。
2) That man standing there is forty years old or so.
站在那儿的那个人大约四十岁。
3) an hour or so
一小时左右
4) a pound or so
一磅左右
【归纳用法】
or so 意为“大约”，常用在被修饰词前，而about表“大约”时，常用在被修饰词之后。
6. break up
【观察思考】
the band broke up in about 1970 乐队大约在1970年解体了
1) Their marriage has broken up.
他们的婚姻结束了。
2) The police tried in vain to break up the protest meeting.
警察企图驱散抗议集会,但毫无办法。
3）Their job is to break up the old ship.
他们的工作是拆旧船。
4）The meeting didn’t break up until noon.
集会到中午才结束。　
5）She suddenly broke down as she was singing.
她在唱歌时突然停止了。
6）It is said that their tricks have broken down.
据说他们的阴谋没有得逞。
7）His body broke down because of overwork.
因操劳过度他的身体垮下来了。
8)The police tried to break up the crowd.
警察尽力驱散人群。
【归纳用法】
break up 意为：拆散，驱散，结束。注意break构成的词组还有：
break down（1）出故障，坏掉（2）(计划、谈判)失败，不成功（3）(精神、健康)垮下来 （4）　中止，停顿（5）使分解（为），使变化（成）。
break in插话，打断；
break into破门而入；
break out爆发；
break through突破；
break away(from) 逃走，断裂
7. by chance
【观察思考】
person going past by chance碰巧走过的人
1) I met her by chance at the railway station.
我在火车站偶然遇见她。
2) Class Six won the basketball game by chance.
六班碰巧赢得这次篮球比赛。
3) He is taking a chance by driving his car so fast.
他冒险把车开得这么快。
【归纳用法】
by chance = by accident 意为“偶然，碰巧”，反义词是on purpose故意。
Chance构成的其它常用词组还有：
by any chance 万一；碰巧, 或许
take a chance冒险试一试；
by some chance不知为啥, 不知道为什么
have a chance to do = have a chance of doing 有机会做……
8. stick to
【观察思考】
Then, take a special time for practising and stick to it.
接下来，拿出特别的时间练习，并坚持下去。
1) They all agreed to stick to our plan.
他们都同意坚持我们的计划。
2) He never sticks to anything for long.
他什么事都坚持不了多久。
3）Looking ahead he decided to stick to his present job.
展望未来，他决定坚持做目前的工作。
4）Once you make a promise, you should stick to your words
一旦许诺，你就要遵守诺言
5）He sticks to his post all the time
他一直坚守岗位
【归纳用法】
stick to 坚持做某事，紧在…一旁，对……忠实，持续不断。 注意to为介词。
【易混辨析】
stick to 与insist on
stick to 指坚持真理，原则，观点，决定，计划，理论等。
insist on 指坚持认为，坚持主张或坚决要求某物，后面可跟v-ing形式。
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. so that
【观察思考】
They may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money. 他们可能在大街上或地铁里为行人表演以挣得一些额外收入。
1）Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。
2) I shall write down your address that I may not forget.
我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。
3) I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.
这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。
4) We work harder than usual so that we can finish it in a week.
我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。
5）They missed the bus so that they were late for class.
他们没赶上公共汽车，因此上课迟到了。
【归纳用法】
so that常用来引导目的状语从句，意思等同于in order that（注意in order that引导的状语从句可以置于句首）译为：以便，为了，目的是。
so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果是;以致于”。
【易混辨析】
so that与so ... that ...的用法区别
h. so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此，所以”。
b. so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的肯定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以致于……”。引导的否定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以致于不能……”。
2. be to结构
【观察思考】
His most exciting experience was to sing in a TV.
他最令人兴奋的经历是曾经在电视上表演过。：
1) Their daughter is to get married soon.
他们的女儿不久将结婚了。
2) They were to go on a trip to New York.
他们当时打算去纽约旅行。
3) I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn’t come.
我本打算上周三见到他，他却 没来。
4) Such books are to be found in the library.
这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。
5) The worst is still to come.
最糟糕的一定会来。
6) You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你必须十点以前回来。
7) My wish is to be a doctor.
我的愿望是成为医生。
8) My idea is to go there right now.
我的意思是今天就去那里。
【归纳用法】
1)表示“将要”、“计划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to)如：
注：①was/ were to do表示过去曾经计划要做的事，或者过去应当做的事，而且从现在的角度来看已经实现了。②was/ were to have done,表示“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当”做的事而没有做成或没有发生。
2)表示可能性,相当于can, may。
3) 表示不可避免注定要发生的事，译作“注定……”。
4)表示命令、要求、义务等(意思接近于should，must，ought to，have to)。
5) be to结构中，不定式可用来作表语，表示目的、愿望等。
3. as if
【观察思考】
Their personal life was discussed by people who didn’t know them but talked as if they were friends.一些不认识他们的人也在讨论他们的私生活，好象就是他们的朋友。
1) He behaves as if he owned the house.
他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。
2) I’ve loved you as if you were my son.
我一直都很爱你，就好像你是我的儿子一样。
3) I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
我记得这件事的整个过程，就好像是昨天发生的一样。
4) They talked as if they had been friends for years.
他们谈起话来好象是老朋友一样。
5) It looks as if they are all in a terrible hurry.
看起来好像他们都非常匆忙似的。
6) It seems as though we shall have to do the work ourselves.
看起来好像我们得自己做这个工作了。
7) The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
这肉吃起来好像是变坏了。
8) The milk smells as if it is sour.
这牛奶闻起来好像是变酸了。
9) From time to time Jack turned around as though (he was) searching for someone.
杰克不时地转头好像是在找人似的。
10) He paused as if expecting Lancy to speak.
他停顿了一下好像是在等兰西开口说话似的。
11) He glanced as if (he was) in search of something.
他看了一下好像是在找东西似的。
【归纳用法】
as if 与as though 是一组同义词，既可以引导方式状语从句，也可以引导表语从句。在口语中人们多半会用as if。在通常情况下， as if 和as though 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反，be 通常用were这个形式。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致是，而且从句的谓语又是be时，从句的主谓可以省略。
4. before引导的从句
【观察思考】
At last Freddy and his band realised that they must lave Britain before it became too painful for
them. 最后弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到，他们必须趁着自己还没感到太痛苦离开英国。
1) Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.
在讨论这一问题之前，我有些话要说。
2) They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.
他们家乡解放前生活很苦。
3) The train had left before he got to the station.
火车开了他才到车站。
4) It seemed a long time before my turn came.
似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到我。
5) We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.
我们刚坐下就听到外边有自行车的声音。
6) We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.
我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来。
7) I had not waited long before she came.
我没等多久她就来了。
8) It was not long before he got to know it.
不久他就知道了。
9) The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.
我们还没有到达山顶天就开始亮了。
10) Before I could say a single word, he ran away.
我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。
11) The boy fell down from the ladder before he knew it.
那个男孩不知怎么一来就从梯子上摔了下来。
12) Study hard before it is too late.
趁早努力学习。
13) I’ll do it now before I forget.
趁着还没忘记，我现在就做。
14) She arrived before I expected.
我没料到她来的这么早。
15) One must sow before one can reap.
先有播种后有收获。
16) Look before you leap.
三思而后行。
17) Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
鸡蛋未孵，勿先数雏。
18) We will die before we give in.
我们宁死不屈。
19) He would die before he lied.
他宁死也不肯说谎。
【归纳用法】
连词before的含义是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引导状语从句。可见它的词义颇为单纯，功能比较专一。然而，由于汉英表达习惯的不同，在将before汉译时，其译法却多种多样。常见的有以下几种：（1）直译成“（在）……（以或之）前”（2）译成“（后）……才”（3）连词before与barely，scarcely, hardly连用时还可译成“刚……就”。（4）如果原文主句中谓语动词是否定形式则可译成“就”、“便”、或“快”。（5）假使原文目的在于渲染从句动作发生之前，主句动作业已发生，可译成“未……就”或“还没有（来得及）……就”。（6）译为“趁（着）”，或用反说，译成“不然会”、“要不就”、“没”、“不”等。（7）译作“与其……（宁愿）”（rather than）讲，通常可以为“宁可……也不（肯）”、“宁愿……决不”等。
Ⅳ. 核心语法
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 基本要点
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点：
1)“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。如：
This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.
这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.
我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。
2) 有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。
The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。
The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。
3) 当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。
This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
4) 定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。
That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。
The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which
the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。
5) 引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which). 我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。
None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which). 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。
6)“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
2. 疑点难点
1)介词的选取应根据如下几点：
a. 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：
Who is the man with whom you just shook hands？
刚才和你握手的人是谁？
The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。
b. 根据定语从句意思的需要，此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。如：
He had a bad cold，because of which he didn’t attend the meeting.
他患了重感冒，因此未能参加会议。
The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.
这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。
c. 根据意思也可用复杂介词，如 by means of，as a result of，in front of，in the back of，all，of，most of 等。如：
The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.
用来测量温度的仪器叫温度计。
There are forty students in the classroom，all of whom are working hard at a problem in mathematics. 教室里有四十个学生，他们都在努力计算一道数学难题。
2) “名词 + of + 关系代词 ” 引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词“ whose + 名词”替换。如：
I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn’t been done.
我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。 (the homework of whom 用 whose homework 替换 )
She lives in the house the windows of which face to the east.
她住在一栋窗户朝东的房子里。 (the windows of which 用 whose windows 替换 )
3) 注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句
有时我们可以见到“介词 + where ”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 + which” 引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。如：
His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。 (from where 相当于 from out of the window, 而不是 from the window)
They stood on the top of the building，from where they could see the whole city.
他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。 (from where 相当于 from the top of the building，而不是 from the buiding)
Ⅴ.功能意念：
建议( Making suggestions)
偏好和爱好( Talking about preference )
1. 建议( Making suggestions)
1） A: ---Can you tell me how to learn English well 可以告诉我如何学好英语吗？
B: ---Why not buy some English tapes？何不买几盘英语磁带呢？
2） A: ---What if we run out of the money 如果我们用完这笔钱会怎么样？
B: --- we can earn money by working hard. 我们可以努力工作去挣钱。
3） A: ---Should we go to the cinema tonight 我们去看电影怎么样？
B: ---I’m afraid that I have no time.恐怕我没时间
点拨：拒绝意见和建议的交际用语：
I’m afraid that… I’m sorry, but….
I’d like／love to, but... It(That)sounds nice, but….
4） A:--How about having a meeting now 现在开个会怎么样？
B:--- That is a good idea.太好了
点拨：接受意见和建议的交际用语：
All right.／OK. That’s al1 right.
Certainly.／Sure. Good idea.／That’S a good idea.
That sounds great. That sounds(1ike)a good idea.
I’d like／love to... I agree/I agree with you.
2. 偏好和爱好( Talking about preference )
1) I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the cinema .
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿去看电影。
点拨：宁愿......而不愿......还可以说: prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. /prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth./would rather do sth. than do sth./ would do sth. rather than do sth.
2) I enjoy listening to music…. 我喜欢听音乐。
3) My favorite subject is English./ I like English best because it is interesting 我最喜欢英语，因为它有意思。
4) I don’t like math very much. 我不太喜欢数学。
Ⅵ. 主题写作
【写作指导】
如何求助和征询意见
求助或征询建议的信常以Dear Tom, Dear Editor 或Dear Helpful 开头。信中具体描述你所遇到的问题，然后，用求助或征求建议的句子来表达自己的愿望。信的落款处可用你的姓名，也可根据写信人的心情来署名，如：Troubled, worried, Disappointed, Confused 和Miserable 等。例如：
Dear helpful,
My life at school is ruined by two boys who bully me all the time. It is a new school ……
Troubled,
Tom
结尾处常用：
What shall (should / can) I do
Can (Could) you give me some advice
Can (Could) you help me
Should I …
I don’t know how to deal with it, Please help me. 等句型来求助或征询对方的意见。
【佳作赏析】 （2007陕西）
书面表达（满分30分）
请你根据所给材料、提纲以及要求写一篇英文稿件。
背景材料：
English Horizons 第25卷 总228（5/2007）期
编者按：本期刊出Lora的来信，欢迎读者就信中谈到的问题进行分析并提出建议。 Dear editor. I’m a senior high school student,and I want to work part-time this summer. I think it is good to do so,but my parents don’t agree with me I just can’t understand them I need your advice. Lara
要求：
1.短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。
2.短文词数不少于80（不含已写好的部分）。
3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。
4.书写须清晰、工整。
提纲：
第1段：Lora利用暑假打工的理由
第2段：Lora父母不同意的理由
第3段：你给Lora的具体建议
I think that Lora wants to work part-time for these reasons.
分析：本文为议论文，要求就Lara提出的问题进行分析并提出建议。写作要点应包括：
1.分析利用暑假打工的理由：可以挣钱、学会处理可能出现的各种问题等。
2.分析父母不同意的理由:影响学习、安全问题等。
3.提出自己的建议.
范文：
I think that Lora wants to work part-time for these reasons. First,she can make some pocket money to meet her daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second. she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third,she can build up new friendships and improve her social skills.
But her parents may regard learning as an increasingly important task for Lora. This holiday should be a catch-up time for independent study. Besides,personal safety may also be one of their major considerations.
My advice for Lora is this: make a detailed plan for her study and work;ask her friends to work together with her, and tell her parents that she can manage things properly. I wish Lora a pleasant summer.
点评：
1. 本篇文章采用分析问题、解决问题的方法，分析透彻，合情合理，具体实用。分别站在双方的立场上看问题，想问题。具有一定的说服力。
2. 文章使用了一些较高级的词汇及必要的过渡词，使文章顺畅连贯，衔接自然，具有一定文采，使文章呈现出了一些亮点。如meet her daily needs, develop a sense of independence, deal with, build up, regard …as, Besides等。
体 验 探 究
例1 To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break ______ into parts.（2005湖北）
A. down B. up C. off D. out
【探究】根据句意为“为了理解句子的语法结构，你要把它分解成几个部分。”只有词组break down有此意。故答案为A。
【巩固】
News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
解析：A本题考查短语动词的词义辨析。break down(车、机器等)损坏；(计划、谈判等)失败，不成功；(身体、精神等)崩溃，瓦解。break out爆发，突然发生。break in破门而入；打断(谈话)。break up打碎，拆散。分析语境可知，对于peace talks(和平谈判)而言，A项break down的“失败，不成功”词义最佳。题意：新闻报导说，这两国之间的和谈以未能达成任何协议而宣告失败。故答案为A。
例2 (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
【探究】关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。
【巩固】
1. I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
解析：D 表示“在其中，……之中的一部分”的含义时，应用介词of （from没有类似用法）。例如： several of my friends （我的几个朋友）、 one of them（他们中间的一个）。修饰先行词friends、 能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些（是生意人）”的关系代词只有whom，所以本题只能选D。
2. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 　　
解析：C本句主句部分应是：The English play at the New Year’s party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
例3 The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006年辽宁）
A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
【探究】本题考查有关break 的动词短语。break down表示坏了，break out 表示爆发，break up 表示打碎，break in 表示闯入。根据语一语意：我在网上找信息时，我的计算机系统坏了。正确答案： A
【巩固】
1. I was still sleeping when the fire , and then it spread quickly.
A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out
解析：A固定搭配break out 表示火灾，战争，瘟疫等的“爆发”put out“扑灭”故选A
例4 Russ and Earl were auto mechanics______ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition．(2006年上海)
A．to earn B．to have earned C．earning D．earned
【探究】本题考查现在分词(短语)作后置定语。现在分词短语“earning the same pay”句中作后置定语，选项C可以改写为：“auto mechanics who earned the same pay”。故选C。
【巩固】
When a young man starts to ______ his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes。
A. earn B. work C. finish D. find
解析：A 根据题意“他不能期望别人为自己的衣食付钱了”，可知他自己开始谋生。earn one’s living 谋生，其他搭配不行。故选A。
例5 American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently. (2004上海)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
【探究】 关系代词前介词的选择要考虑介词与先行词之间的关系或介词与定语从句动词的一些固定搭配，介词后面的关系代词只能用which或whom。当先行词是“物”时，介词后面的关系代词用which ；当先行词是“人”时，介词后面的关系代词用whom。解题思路的关键是：本题内容跨度大，考生要熟练掌握“介词＋关系代词”定语从句的解题方法和答题技巧。先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
【巩固】
1. The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 　　
解析：B此题中关系代词指代人，故用 whom，它又和后面的 told 构成固定搭配 tell sb. about sb./sth.，故答案为 B 。
2. In the dark street there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
解析：D 此题中关系代词指代人，故用 whom，介词 to 和定语从句中的 turn 构成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help, 意为“向某人求助”。答案为 D 。
例6 Rather than ______ on a crowded bus，he always prefers______ a bicycle. （2000 NMET）
A. ride；ride B. riding；ride C. to ride；riding D. ride；to ride
【探究】本题考查动词不定式的用法。动词prefer在表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”时，有两种句型:prefer doing sth.to doing sth.或prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.，本题由于强调rather than do sth.，所以将其提到了句首。答案为 D?
【巩固】
1. —Were you busy last week？
—Very. Rather than ____ time playing cards as usual，I devoted every effort to ____ an advertisement．
A. waste；making B. waste；make
C. wasting；making D. a waste of；making
解析：C 本题学生容易误选择了A。Rather than这个短语意为“而不是；与其……宁愿”使用时，要注意“平衡”问题，即rather than前后必须使用同类的句法单位。句中没有出现prefer to do和rather than to相对应。此题rather than后面所接的成分应该与介词to后面的成分一致，所以正确答案应为C。
例7 ---Let’s go swimming, shall we
---___________. (2001上海春招)
A. It’s my pleasure B. It doesn’t matter
C. Yes,1et’s go. D. I agree with you.
【探究】 本题考查提出建议的交集用语。 当对方用Let’s…征求意见时，可以回答Yes，let’s.…答案应为C
【巩固】
1. ---what about having a drink
---______.
A. Good idea. B. Help yourself C. Go ahead, P1ease D. Me. too
解析：A Good idea是接受建议的交际用语；Help yourself是就餐时的交际用语；Go ahead，please是回答别人请求的交际用语。答案应为A
例8 No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （2006年广东）
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
【探究】本句中perform意为“表演”。贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词performed ，故答案选A。
【巩固】
All the boys______ on the stage come from our school.
A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed
解析：A本句意思为“:所有正在舞台上表演的孩子都来自我们学校”。本题考查v.-ing形式作定语的用法。perform与逻辑主语the students是主谓关系，故选A。
例9 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
【探究】：本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。答案为C。
【巩固】
Nobody told him the secret, but he talked as if he ______ it.
A. knows B. knew C. know D. had known
解析:D本句意思为:他说起话来就象他已经知道了那个秘密(事实是：他并不知道那个秘密)。此题中as if前talked为一般过去时，as if从句表示与过去相反。答案为D
例10 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ___ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005重庆)
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
【探究】考查“介词+关系词”的定语从句，which在定语从句中做定语。1997到2003为一阶段时间，故应介词应是during。C项关系代词"whose”在定语从句中做定语时，相当于形容词性物主代词，应用错误；which在定语从句中做定语时，相当于指示代词（this /that）故应选择A项。
【巩固】
My father may have to go into hospital,______ he won’t be going on holiday.
A. in case B. in case of C. in that case D in which case
解析:D 考查“介词+关系词”的定语从句，which在定语从句中做定语。从句句意为：在那种情况下。故应选择D项。
2. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
解析：D 介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。
发 展 评 价
Ⅰ.基础达标（满分40分）
1.单词拼写 (每个1分, 共10分)
据汉语注释或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。
(1) I used to ______ less than a pound a week when I first started work.
(2) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will see ______for cars.
(3) The play was first______ in 1987 in the People’s Theatre.
(4) I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work ______ hours to finish a report．
(5) We should develop students’ ______ to searching information, analyzing and problem solving by themselves
(6) I have been dreaming of being one of the best ______（音乐家）musicians
(7) It is the fine quality of our products and the first-class service that help us set up a world ______（声誉）.
(8) It is necessary to analyze why computers are so ______ （有吸引力的）to young people and what can be done to control it.
(9) Professor Li introduced two main ______ （形式）of teaching at the meeting.
(10) ______（后来）she admitted that she had told a lie to me at that time.
Key:
(1) earn (2) advertisements (3) performed (4) extra (5) abilities
(6)concerned (7) reputation (8) attractive (9) forms (10) Afterwards
2. 选词填空 (每个1分, 共10分)
so that earn one’s living break into make a great hit stick to sort out to be honest break out play a joke on dreamed ofbreak down be honest with break up
(1) Don’t ______that old man any more. It’s impolite to do that.
(2) As soon as the boy was able to ______ he defied(公然反抗) his parents’ strict rules.
(3) The meeting didn’t ______ until noon.
(4)______these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please.
(5) ______, I don’t quite with you some views on the matter .
(6) When we got home, we found the house______ and many things stolen.
(7) Friends should ______ each other.
(8) I never______ meeting you here.
(9) The little boy saved every coin ______he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s day.
(10) These are basic principles for everyone to ______ in their work.
Key:
(1) play a joke on (2) earn his own living (3) break up (4) Sort out (5) To be honest
(6) broken into (7) be honest with (8) dreamed of (9) so that (10) stick to
3．根据汉语提示，用本单元所学的句型或短语完成句子。
(1) 今天上午老师心情不好
The teacher is ______ ______ ______ this morning.
(2) 既然我把你看作朋友，我将和你完全坦诚相待。
Since I treat you as my friend, I’ll ______ ______ ______ you.
(3) 我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。
I ______ ______ being the best footballer in the town.
(4) 他们在飞机上不期而遇
They met ______ ______on a plane.
(5) 因操劳过度他的身体垮下来了。
His body______ ______ because of overwork.
Key:
(1) out of sorts (2) be honest with (3) dream of (4) by chance (5) broke down
4. 句型转换(每个1分, 共10分)（根据A句意思，用本单元所学的句型或短语完成B句）
(1) A: In order to get to school on time, he got up
B: He got up early ______ ______ he could get to school on time.
(2) A: David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper. (变为简单句)
B: David was__________ careless__________ find the mistakes in his test paper.
(3) A: The song is very popular with the public and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the bestseller list.
B: The song is ______ a great ______with the public and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the bestseller list.
(4) A: I bought a computer whose price is very high.
B: I bought a computer, the price ______ ______ is very high.
(5) A: Anybody shouldn’t leave the building without permission.
B: No one______ ______ leave the building without permission.
Key:
(1) so that (2) Too; to (3) making; great hit (4) of which (5) is to
4. 单项选择 (每个1分, 共10分)
(1) In time of serious accidents，______we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether B. until　 　 C. if D. unless
(2) Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. form B. to be formed C. forming D. having been formed
(3) I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _______ she had come. ）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
(4) He talks as if he _____ everything in the world．
A. knows B. knew 　　 C. had known 　　D. would have know
(5) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
(6) He likes to play a trick on others, but sometimes ________ .
A. he plays a trick B. he plays a trick on C. he is played a trick D. a trick is played on him
(7) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
(8) He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
(9) His dream ________ to China never ________ .
A. of coming; came true B. to come; came true
C. of coming; realized D. to come; was made true
(10) My parents will move back into town in a year or ______.
A. later B. after C. so D. about
答案及解析：
（1）C。考查连词用法。根据句意前面应该是后面的条件，是一条件状语从句，意思是如果我们知道一些急就的常识，我们就能挽救一些人的生命。
（2）本题考查form及非谓语动词的用法。从题意“有画面在你大脑中形成”可知，form用作动词“形成”时，是不及物动词，故排除了B、D两项，而forming在句中作后置定语，答案为C。
（3）D。本题的先行词是direction，题意是：“在昏暗中，我看见一个妇女朝我跑来。我还没有来得及认出她是谁，她又朝来的方向跑回去了”。关系代词前的介词from与先行词direction在这里是正确的搭配。
（4）B。as if从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故选择B.
（5）B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
（6）D。句意为他喜欢捉弄别人，但有时他也被别人捉弄。
（7）B。此题考察介词加关系代词.先行词是one，因此应用介词加whom的形式，介词的选择根据从句谓语动词的搭配，give sth to sb，因此选择B。
（8）C。this不能引导定语从句修饰前面的school， 介词后的关系代词不能是that， 因此应排除选项B和D； 由于此处which 指代前面整个主句， 全句意为“他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育之后， 又去了剑桥。”， 介词应选用 after， 因此应进一步排除选项A而选出C。
（9）本题考查动词与介词的搭配以及动词短语的用法。dream作为名词就像动词一样，后面经常接介词of，表示“……的梦想”。答案：A。
（10）C。本题考查词组。or so “大约”。其他均不能构成词组。
Ⅱ. 能力提升
第一部分: 完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1分，满分20 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When someone says, “well, I guess I’ll have to go to face the music.” It doesn’t mean he is planning to go to a concert. It is something far less pleasant, like- 1 in by your boss to explain why you did this and that, and 2 you did not do this or that. Terrible music, indeed, but it has to 3 . At some time or another, every one of us has had to “face the music”, especially as children. We can all remember father’s angry voice: “I 4__to talk to you!” And only 5 we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it__6_ !
The phrase “to face the music” is known to every American, young and old, It is at least 100 years old. Where did the 7 come from
The first explanation comes from the American novelist James Fenimore Cooper. He said, in 1851, 8 the expression was first 9 by actors while 10 in the wings(舞台的两侧)to go on stage. After they got their clue(得到暗示) to go on, they often said, “it’s time to go to face the music.” And that was 11 where they faced the orchestra which was just below the stage.
An actor might be frightened or 12_ as he moved onto the stage 13 the audience that might be friendly, 14 perhaps unfriendly, especially 15 he forgot his lines. But he had to go 16 . If he did not, there would be 17 play. So, “to face the music” came to 18 ：having to go through something, no matter how 19 the experience might be, because you knew you had no 20 .
1. A. calling B. called C. call D. being called
2. A. how B. where C. when D. why
3. A. face B. be faced C. facing D. being faced
4. A. hope B. expect C. want D. beg
5. A. because B. before C. unless D. so
6. A. was B. is C. had been D. be
7. A. proverb B. expression C. practice D. drill
8. A. that B. whether C. when D. why
9. A. taken B. sent C. used D. studied
10. A. gathering B. waiting C. singing D. dancing
11. A. also B. perhaps C. exactly D. mainly
12. A. nervous B. mysterious C. satisfied D. proud
13. A. on the right of B. on the left
C. behind D. in front of
14. A. and B. but C. or D. also
15. A. if B. that C. while D. unless
16. A. about B. away C. in D. on
17. A. a B. the C. not D. no
18. A. mean B. understand C. learn D. find
19. A. pleasant B. unpleasant C. usual D. unusual
20. A. idea B. preparation C. permission D. choice
第二部分: 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
Pop Music is the name for various forms of popular, commercial(商业的)music. It originated(起源) in the United States of America and spread through the whole world during the 1950s and the 1960s. It is widely liked by the young people. The best known early form of pop music was “rock and roll”, another was “blues”. A more recent development is “folk rock”. Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world; it has caused the number of people for jazz to become much smaller than it was in the 1950s and earlier, and it has now begun to rule musical stage productions. It is a big industry. Much pop music is without artistic value, but the work of some pop singers, such as the Beatles, Bob Dylan, groups like Pink Floyd and Crosby, Stills and Nash, is on a higher musical level(水平). And there is still a great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world.
21. All of the following forms belong to pop music except .
A. blues B. rock and roll C. Jazz D. folk rock
22. The number of people for Jazz in the 1950s and earlier was it is today.
A. much greater than B. much smaller than
C. as great as D. as small as
23 Which of the following is true
A. No pop music is on a high musical level.
B. Much pop music is very artistic.
C. Pop music is highly artistic.
D. Not all pop music is without artistic value
24. The passage says that has now begun to become the main musical productions.
A. rock and roll B. Jazz C. pop music D. folk rock
25. “It is a big industry” means that .
A. it makes a lot of musical instruments
B. pop music will bring in a lot of money
C. the pop singers are very hard-working
D. pop music is on a very high musical level
(B)
Today, at 28, the young German Violinist Anner-Sophie Mutter is at the top. “She gives radiance (光辉) to the music, ” wrote Geoffrey Norris in The Daily Telegraph, London. Mutter was also one of the world’s youngest professors.
Born in Rheinfelden on June 29, 1963, Anner-Sophie grew up in Wehr, a small town just five kilometers from the Swiss border. Her father, Karl Wilhelm Mutter, and her mother, Gerlinde, considered music lessons part of a good education. Thus, their first son, Andreas, began practicing the violin at eight, and his younger brother, Christoph, had piano lessons. It came as no surprise when Anner-Sophie said she wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.
Her parents thought she was too young for the violin, and persuaded her to start on the piano. But Anner-Sophie has always had a mind of her own. “I longed to play the violin,” she said. “It seemed to me a much more interesting instrument.” After six months, her parents gave in.
The famous violin teacher Erna Honigberger, who lived nearby, became Anner-Sophi’s tutor(家庭教师). After only nine months of lessons, she entered the six-year-old in a nationwide competition for young musicians. With Christoph accompanying her(为她伴奏)on the piano, Anner-Sophie’s won first prize.
In 1974, Erna Honigberger died. Anner-Sophie’s new teacher was Aida Stucki. She taught Anner-Sophe to develop her own ideas on how a piece should be played, not just to imitate(模仿)others. This is one of the violinist’s strongest, most distinctive characteristics(与众不同的特点)today.
Though the Mutters were short of money at times, they limited their daughter’s performances to one or two a year. “We are glad we went the family road,” said her father. “No outsider(外人)can ever have an effect on our daughter’s career(生涯) or push her into playing more concerts than she wants to.” Later she was allowed to give six to eight concerts a year and make some recordings. Only when she turned 18 did she begin her professional career.
26. It was when Anner-Sophie asked for a violin.
A. surprising B. great C. usual D. possible
27. Anner-Sophie’s career dates back to .
A. the late 1960’s B. her family education
C. the late 1970’s D. her fifth birthday
28. Ann-Sophie’s concerts are .
A. limited to one or two a year B. accompanied at the piano by Christoph
C. highly praised throughout the world D. appreciated by professors London
29. Which sentence shows Anner-sophie’s strong point as a violinist
A. She wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.
B. She has always had a mind of her own.
C. She had two famous violin teachers.
D. Violin seemed to her a much more interesting instrument.
30. The virtue(美德) the Mutters have is that they believe .
A. children should learn music
B. money is not everything
C. Anner-Sophie was too young to give concerts
D. parents have a great effect upon their children
第一部分: 完形填空
本文是说明文。全文讲述了to face the music 的渊源。
1. D. like是介词，因此后面用doing形式。call in 与you 为逻辑被动关系，因此用being done形式。
2. D. 从空前的 “Why you did this and that” 我们可以得此答案.
3. B. “但是它还是要被面对。”
4. C. 在此其他几个答案均有干扰性。选择此空要注意angry一词。Hope, expect, beg都表示说话者的委婉，因此不合题意。
5. A. 他为什么大喊大叫呢？And 后解释原因。
6. A. 这是一个感叹句，运用平常形式应是It was an unpleasant business, 这是对过去情况的评述，因此句子用一般过去时。
7. B. “to face the music”应该是一种表达法，从下文 “He said, in 1851, 8 (that) the expression……”也可得此答案。
8. A. that 引导宾语从句。
9. C. “这个表达法首先被演员使用”。
10. B. 从空后的 “in the wings” 可推知此答案。我们知道，舞台的两侧是演员们等待上场的地方。
11. C. “那正是他们能面对台下的管弦乐队的地方。”
12. A. or在此表示顺接。
13. D. 演员走到台上面对的是观众，因此in front of the audience.
14. C. “也许是友好，也许是不友好。”
15.A. “尤其是如果他忘词的时侯”。在此C有较大干扰性，forget是非延续性动词，因此不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
16. D. 尽管忘了词，“但他还要继续。”从空后的 “If he did not, there would be 17 (no) play. ” 也可推知此答案。
17. D. “If he did not ”等于 “If he did not go on”。 “如果忘了词后他不继续，那就没有剧了。”
18. A. “ ‘to face the music’就开始有了这个意思……”。
19. B. 从前文“演员忘词也要对付”我们得知 “The experience was unpleasant.”
20. D. “因为你别无选择”。
第二部分: 阅读理解
21. C 细节考查题。文中提到：早期最著名的流行音乐有“rock and roll”“blues”，以及最近的“folk rock”
22. A. 推理判断题。文中说道：这使得喜欢Jazz的人数比五十年代以及早些时候少了一些。由此推断：五十年代及早些时候喜欢Jazz的人比现在多。
23. D 正误判断题。根据 “the work of some pop singers is on a higher musical level”可推知A不正确。从“Much pop music is without artistic value”可知B和C不对。
24. C 细节考查题。根据it has now begun to rule musical stage productions; pop concerts and festivals are held all over the world可知。
25. B句意猜测题。根据it has now begun to rule musical stage productions可推知选B。
26. C细节考查题。由第二段中It came as no surprise when Anner-Sophie said she wanted a violin for her fifth birthday.可推知。
27. A 推理判断题。从文章第二段可知：安·索菲生于1963年，在她五岁时想要一把小提琴作为生日礼物，从这个时候起，她的艺术生涯就开始。由此可推知：她的艺术生涯开始的时间为20世纪60年代后期。故选A项。
28. C 细节考查题。此题可用排除法解。文中讲到：由于缺钱，父母把她的表演限制在一年1~2次，后来她被允许一年举行6~8场音乐会，故A项错误；文中仅提到：在一次全国比赛中，Christoph 为她伴奏，并非每场音乐会都由Christoph伴奏，故B项也错误；D项在文中并未提及，也可排除，惟有C项为正确答案。
29. B. 推理判断题。根据文中的：……to develop her own ideas on how a piece should be played, not just to imitate others……可见她作为一个小提琴家最大的优点就是有自己的思想，不是一味模仿他人。故选B项。
30. B. 细节考查题。从她父母的话：No outsider can ever have an effect on our daughter’s career or push her into playing more concerts than she wants to. 可以看出他们相信金钱不是万能的。故选B项。
第三部分:书面表达(满分20分)
你的朋友李明即将进入大学深造，他最感兴趣的是历史专业，但计算机专业的就业前景较乐观，对此一时不能作出决定，他想让你就此问题提出建议：内容如下：
1. 说明他应该选择的专业。
2. 说明选择该专业的理由。
3. 祝愿他学业有成, 一切顺利。
注意：1、词数: 120字左右
2、可适当增加细，以使行文连贯
3、不要签署自己的姓名。
Dear John,
You asked for advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university. I will try making some suggestions.
University is preparation for your career. You should consider studying a subject which will best equip you to earn a puter science offers more job opportunities than history. We are now in a high-tech age. For the foreseeable future, it would be necessary for everyone to be equipped
with computer skills merely to earn a living!
Of course, you don't have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. I would recommend that you continue reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computer science.
Whatever you decide to do, good luck with you studies!
Yours sincerely,
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