2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：sb2a(unit1-unit10)专题一 ：重点单词

高考资源网（ www.），您身边的高考专家
高考资源网（ www.），您身边的高考专家
2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品
SB2 A (unit1——unit 10)专题一： 重点单词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
专题一： 重点单词
高考解读
【高考导航】
2010高考命题趋向分析
1．point的用法是2010年高考的重点，需要掌握其作为名词时所组成的固定词组的意义及用法。如：come to the point 谈正题或主要问题；off the point偏离正题；to the point 中肯，切题；此外，由point所构成的固定句型也是高考的热点，如固定句式，：There is no point in doing sth.意为做某事没有作用或意义；以及句型 be on the point of doing …when …意为正要做某事时，另一件事情发生了
2．remain是高考高频词汇。Remain用作系动词的用法一直是高考命题的切入点，如remain seated，考生同时还要注意stay与remain的区别，用作系动词是两者可以通用，意为“保持某种状态”，其后常跟形容词做表语。做实义动词时，stay与remain均可表示“留下”之意，但表示“剩下”时，只能用remain
3． approach是高考高频词汇。高考主要考查它作为名词时的“靠近，接近，方法” 之意，要掌握approach的含义及与way， means， method后介词搭配的不同；作为动词，常考点是其较多的含义在具体语境中的运用
4． present是高考重点词汇，其作为动词的用法是高考考查的重点，注意掌握其作为动词时的词义以及介词的搭配，如：presente sb. with sth.与presente sth.. to sb. 当然present作为形容词的用法也是非常重要的，需要掌握其作为形容词时修饰名词，代词所在的位置如：be present at the meeting；the present situation
5．concern的用法是历年高考的热点，对其的考查，主要是针对其作为动词时的介词搭配，如：be concerned about/for 对……担心； be concerned with涉及；论述。以及其拓展词的含义，如：concerning 介词 意为：关于，对于；concerned 形容词，意为：担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的
【真题品析】
1．（09浙江卷）The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digitalresources of the library.
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
【答案】 A 　考查名词词义辨析
【点拨】根据句意"人们设计这个系统是为了让学生快洁地使用图书馆的数字资源"; passage 意为 "文章；走廊"；way 是 "方法、方式"； approach 也指"方式；接近"；access 指"入口、通路"，常和介词to 连用，可知选A符合
2．【07山东卷】The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain___________________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
【答案】 C . 考查非谓语动词
【点拨】seat作为动词讲时，意为“让人坐”。 remain为系动词，意为保持…的状态，故后接形容词做表语
3．（2003年上海，26）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism______the widlife in the area.
A.in B.on C.at D.with
【答案】B 考查名词的介词搭配
【点拨】： 本题考查名词的介词搭配，检测考生在特定语境中选用恰当介词的能力。介词的用法比较复杂，且多为固定搭配，无多少道理可讲，因而对介词的掌握主要靠平时多观察、多留心、多记忆本题中的名词effects制约着后面介词的选用。an effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响/作用” “对……产生影响”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth.例如：The film had quite an effect on her.
4.After graduation she reached a point in her career __________________ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【答案】 D 考查定语从句中关系词的确定
【点拨】：本题考查定语从句中关系词的确定，英语中point， situation， case做先行词，其后关系词在定语从句中做状语时，用关系副词where相当于in which。该定语从句缺少地点状语，因此用where
5．(08湖北24) As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _____ the problem.
A. handle B. raise C. face D. present
【答案】A 考查动词辨析
【点拨】： 本题考查动词辨析，根据题意可以选出答案，因为没有人知道机器到底出了什么毛病，我们必须派人去请工程师来处理这个问题handle the problem符合题意
6．（2003上海春季, 22) The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed _______ my memory.
A.to B.over C.by D.on
【答案】 D 考查动词的介词搭配
【点拨】impress on是固定搭配,给……留下印象
知识网络 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【考点概览】
（1）.point
（2）.ignore
（3）.match
（4）.present
（5）.concern
（6）. bore
（7）.stand
（8）.convenient
（9）. intention
（10）.impress
（11）.remain
（12）.judge
（13）.approach
（14）. influence
（15）. require
（16）.employ
（17）.calm
(18) . witness
(19). discourage
(20). stress
(21). access
(22). defend
(23). board
精讲点拨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
考点一 point
【基础过关】point一词的用法
1）point可作及物和不及物动词，常用于下列短语
（1）point out意为“指出,使注意”，后面可接名词，也可接从句作宾语如
The teacher pointed out the mistakes in the composition．
老师指出了这篇作文中的错误。
He pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil.他指出在土壤里播种以前先除草的重要性
　（2）point to意为“指向”，强调方向，并不是指着该物体。而 point at 表示“指着某一物体，指人时一般表示粗鲁或不礼貌”
2）point作名词时，有以下几种含义。
① Please pay attention to the study of the language points in each unit
请注意每一单元中语言重点的学习
②I failed to catch his point of view． 我没能领会他的观点
③His talk is short but quite to the point． 他的发言简洁切题
【拓展延伸】句型；①There is no point in doing sth.为固定句式，意为做某事没有作用或意义，与It’s no good / no use doing sth..同义，point在此句中意为：作用，用处，意义
② be on the point of doing …when … 意为正要做某事时，另一件事情发生了
point常见词组还有： come to the point 谈正题或主要问题
off the point 偏离正题
to the point 中肯，切题
in point of fact 实际上，事实上
【典型例题】There is very little ______________in protesting. It won’t help much.
A. means B. way C. use D.point
【答案】 D 本题考查point的用法
【点拨】There is no point in doing sth.为固定句式，意为做某事没有作用/意义
考点二：ignore
【基础过关】
ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视。例如：
I made a suggestion, but she ignored it.
我提了个建议，可是她不理睬
【拓展延伸】
ignorant adj.无知的；无学识的；愚昧的
ignorance n. 无知, 愚昧
ignorance of 对----无知
Children often behave badly out of ignorance.
孩子们往往出于无知而不守规矩
【典型例题】
--- So you didn’t say”hello”to him last night
---Well,I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _____me and walked on.
A. ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed
【答案】A 考查动词辨析。
【点拨】 区分动词意思，按照句意排除。Ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。
考点三： match
【基础过关】match的意义：
⑴ n.火柴, 比赛, 竞赛, 匹配, (足球, 捧球, 蓝球)比赛
①He is John's match for bravery.他与约翰勇气相当
②The colors were a close match. 这两种颜色很相配
③a soccer match.一场英式足球比赛
⑵v.相配, 相称, 比赛, 相比, 匹配
①The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配
②You should match your deeds to your beliefs.
你应该使你的行动与你的信仰保持一致
【拓展延伸】【辨析】match /fit /suit
match v.“和……相配；和……相称；使较量”一般指两样东西互相匹配或两人的能力势均力敌，互为对手
fit v. “使适合；使相配”，一般指衣服，鞋帽等合体，强调大小，尺寸与某人的身材合适
suit v. “适合于；相配”，一般指气候，食物，花色，款式，设计等适合某人
【典型例题】 -- How about nine o’clock outside the cinema
--That____________________ me fine.
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
【答案】 D 本题考查交际用语和动词辨析
【点拨】A项多指衣服合身。B项多指满足需求。C项指使满足，使满意。D项指适合某人或某情况
考点四 present
【基础过关】 present 可用作动词，意为“赠送，给予，呈献，呈交，引见，介绍”
也可用作名词，意为“礼物”与gift同义
还可用作形容词，意为“出席的，到场的； 现在的”
【拓展延伸】present 用法详解
1. present 及物动词⑴赠送,呈献[(+to/with)]
He presented her with a bunch of flowers. 他献给她一束鲜花
⑵ 引起(问题),造成(困难)[(+to/with)]
All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题
⑶ 提出,提交,呈递[(+to)]
Some 300 papers were presented at the meeting. 会上提出了大约三百篇论文
⑷呈现;描述;出示[(+to)]
He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.
虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容
⑸介绍,引见
2.present用作名词礼物,赠品[C]
He often gave his neighbor's kids little presents.
他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子
3.present用作形容词
⑴出席的,在场的
How many people were present at the meeting last night
昨晚到会的有多少人
⑵现在的,当前的[B]
I'm not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意
【典型例题】完成句子
1. There were 200 people__________________________（到会）
2. I’m afraid I can’t help you just _________________________（现在）.I’m too busy.
3. They ___________________________（赠送了一笔款项）the college in memory of their son.
4. My brother _____________________（陈述了他的观点）and sat down.
5. May I ____________________________________（把我的助手介绍给你）？
【答案】1. present at the meeting 2. at present
3. presented a sum of money to 4. presented his views
5. present my assistant to you
考点五 concern
【基础过关】
concern vt.使担心，使不安（与about/for搭配）；涉及，关系到（与with搭配）。通常用被动语态。
be concerned about/for 对……担心
be concerned with涉及；论述
例如：
We.are rather concerned about father's health. 我们相当担心父亲的健康
She is concerned about her son’s future. 她担忧着她儿子的将来
The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.
这部书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。
【拓展延伸】 concern [C] & [U] 担心，关注（与about/for搭配）；关系，利害关系（与with搭配）。例如：
She showed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness.
她非常担心她儿子的病情
I have no concern with the company.我和该公司没有任何关联
【典型例题】
They are very familiar with this kind of business, so there’s no need to be____ about the outcome.
A. enthusiastic B. optimistic C. concerned D. controversial
【答案】C 考查形容词词义辨析。
【点拨】区分形容词意思，按照句意排除。concerned 对—感兴趣，关心---，对---担心；enthusiastic 热情的；optimistic乐观的； controversial有争议的。
【趣味吧】the authorities concerned常出现在媒体中，请问如何翻译？
提示：译为“有关当局”。concerned为形容词，作“有关的，涉及的”解，常作后置定语。
考点六 bore
【基础过关】1. vt．使……感到厌烦
All his old stories bore me．他所有的老生常谈使我厌烦
I’m bored with this job. 我对这件工作厌烦了。
2. n．令人厌烦的事物
Don't be such a bore．别这么讨厌
It's bore to little children having to go to school every day.
要小孩子们每天去上学真是一件烦人的事
【拓展延伸】bore的两种分词形式boring 和 bored：
boring 表示主动，指某事物令人厌烦；bored表示被动，指被某事物弄得厌烦
He was bored with his job．／It's a boring film．
类似的词还有interesting与interested；exciting与 excited， satisfying与satisfied 等等。
在这类词中，现在分词表示“令人……的”的含义，而过去分词表示“感到（受到）……的”的含义如：
The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞
We were satisfied with the result.我们对那个结果感到满意
【典型例题】 Don't you think English ____________________ .
A..bore B. is boring C.is bored D.bored
【答案】 B. 考查bore的用法
【点拨】boring指某事物令人厌烦；bored指被某事物弄得厌烦。本句句意是：你不认为英文让人很厌烦吗？
考点七 stand
【基础过关】 vi. 站; 立于 There stood a strange man right behind me.
. vt. (1)放Stand the ladder against the wall.
(2)忍受 If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.
相关短语： stand out 凸显，引人注意；出色
stand by 站在一边，支持帮助；做准备；旁观
stand for 代表，意味着
stand against…反对
stand at attention/ease立正/稍息
stand behind sb. 支持
stand at attention/ease立正/稍息
stand behind sb. 支持
stand on one’s own feet依靠自己
【拓展延伸】stand/bear/tolerate/put up with这四个词都可表示忍受，容忍，stand，bear，tolerate常于can，could连用，stand尤用于否定句或疑问句中，后接名词，代词，或动词的ing形式，无被动语态；bear多用语口语，后接名词，代词，动词不定式或动词的ing形式；tolerate后一般接名词或代词；put up with后也多接名词或代词。bear强调忍受者的坚韧。stand
意为“忍受，顶住”，多用于口语中，常用于否定句中，若用于肯定句，则意为“不屈不挠，经受得起”。 tolerate意为“容忍”，语气较前几个词弱。 put up wit与tolerate意义相近，有“不计较，将就”之意，多用于口语?
【典型例题】---Mum, it’s fine weather. I want to skate this afternoon.
---Don’t you think the ice on the river is too thin to _______________your weight
A. stand B. bear C.catch D.take
【答案】B 考查动词词义辨析题
【点拨】根据句意，所缺词表示承担，承受……的重量，负担等之意。stand常用于人，指面对痛苦，艰难，侮辱等不畏缩后退，bear指能忍受磨难，冷静的面对现实，强调容忍的能力，常用于口语，可与put up with换用
考点八convenient
【基础过关】convenient，意为”方便的，便利的，合适的”，其主语不能是人
it is convenient for sb to do sth.
Is it convenient to/for you if I come at 6 p.m.
如果我下午六点来拜服你，（对你来说）方便吗？
【拓展延伸】convenience
①“方便，便利”，用作不可数名词。②“便利的事物，便利设施”，用作可数名词
[短语]for convenience为了方便起见at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候
Please come at your convenience. 请在你方便的时候前来。
其形容词形式是（反义词）inconvenience adv. conveniently
【典型例题】
Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. In fact, this is the reason why I decided to buy it a week ago.
A. reasonable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available
【答案】 C 考查形容词词义辨析
【点拨】 由句中as I can get to the office in five minutes可知，Our new house是”方便；便利的”
考点九 intention
【基础过关】intention作为名词可意为“打算”“计划”“意图”“目的”，可以有短语
intention（of doing sth.）/intention(that)。如：
What is Li Ming’s intention at the moment
李明现在有什么打算？
I have no intention of going to the wedding.
我无意去参加婚礼
【拓展延伸】intend v. 打算，意欲，想要 后可接不定式，动名词，从句或+sb./sth.+as/for+…用法如下：
①intend that... 打算……
② intend doing sth / to do sth 打算……
③ intend...for...打算供……使用，打算把……送给 ……；打算使……成为；想让……从事……
④ intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
⑤ be intended / meant for 专门为／专门给
⑥ have no intention of doing…无意做……
⑦ with the intention of 抱有……目的，打算
⑧ without intention 无意中，不是故意地
例句：I hear they intend to marry./marrying. 听说他们要结婚了
I intended it as a joke. 我不过说笑罢了
I intend that you shall take over the business. 我有意让你接管公司。
I think the bomb was intended for me . 我认为那颗炸弹是要炸我的
【典型例题】Younger people shouldn't be doing exercises ____ for 18-year-olds.
A. used B. intended C. made D. described。
【答案】 B 考查intend的基本用法
【点拨】intend与for的搭配表示“打算供某人使用，为某人设计使用”等意思
考点十impress
【基础过关】impress v.
1．给...极深的印象;使感动I was very impressed by his story. 他的故事深深打动了我
2. 使铭记,铭刻 [(+on/upon)]
My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.
我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性
Our teacher impressed us with the importance of studying.
老师要我们牢牢记住学习的重要性
3. 印,压印;盖(印)于[+on/into]
He impressed his name on the box他把自己名字印在那只盒子上
【拓展延伸】impression n. 印象，感觉，看法 后常接+ on sb./of sth./of doing sth./that…
如：①The new teacher made a good impression on the students.
新教师给学生留下了一个好印象
②He gives the impression of being a hard worker.他给人的印象是工作努力
③I have the impression that I've seen that I've seen that man before.
我觉得我以前见过那个人
【典型例题】The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed ____________my memory.
A. to B.over C.by D.on
【答案】D 考查介词用法。
【点拨】句意为“市长的为争取2010年世博会的演讲给我留下了极为深刻的印象。”所缺介词与impress组成 “给...留下印象”讲，介词用on，为习惯表达
考点十一 ：remain
【基础过关】 remain vi.剩余，遗留，残存。例如：
Very little of the house remained after the fire.大火之后，这所房子所剩无几
The children ate and ate until no food remained on the table.
孩子们一直吃个不停，直到把桌上的东西吃得精光才罢休
There were only ten minutes remaining只剩下十分钟了
【拓展延伸】 remain linking v.仍然是，保持（作联系动词，后接形容词、介词短语、分词、名词等作表语）。例如：
The weather still remained cold in April,
虽然已进入四月，天气仍然还很冷
The true author of the book remains unknown.
那本书的真实作者依旧不祥
They remain good friends even though they entered different high schools.
他们虽进入不同的高中就读，感情依然很好
The problem remains to be solved..这个问题有待解决
We remained standing in the cold for a good hour. 我们在寒冷中足足站了一个小时。
【典型例题】The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___________________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
【答案】 C . 考查表语用法。
【点拨】seat作为动词讲时，意为“让人坐”。 remain为系动词，意为保持…的状态，故后接形容词做表语
考点十二. .judge
【基础过关】. judge [C] 裁判员；法官例如：
He was a judge of(at) a speech contest 他是演讲比赛的裁判
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年监禁
【拓展延伸】 judge v.判断，断定，判决。用法如下：
① judge sb./sth. 对……下判断。例如：
You can’t judge a person by his appearance.你不该以貌取人。
Schools should not be judged only on exam results.
学校的好坏不能仅凭考试结果来评判
② judge that-clause/wh-clause 判断，认为
Can you judge which shoes are best 你能鉴定哪双鞋子最好吗
③ judge it + (to be) + adj./n.认为……是……例如：
We judged it better not to make a hasty decision.我们认为最好不要匆忙做出决定。
④ judging from/by… 根据……来判断（作插入语）。例如：
Judging from what he said， he must be an honest man.
从他说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人
judging from… 引导的是一个独立成分，不能改为judged，因为它表示的是说话人的一种态度。独立成分，在句中形式一般不变：
to tell you the truth 跟你说实话吧 generally speaking 一般地讲
Judging from his accent, he must be from Hunan. 听他的口音，他准是湖南人
⑤She was asked to judge the essay competition. 担任裁判
【典型例题】It seems difficult to __________________”hurt” from “injure” in meaning.
A. judge B.tell C. divide D.separate
【答案】 B 考查动词的词义辨析。
【点拨】 judge“判断，断定”常说judge a person by/ from his looks“以貌取人”； tell“辨别，识别”，强调分辨异同，常说tell…from…“把…与…区分开”或tell…apart“区分开…”；divide“划分，分割”指把一个整体分成若干份，常说divide…into… “把…分成…”或divide…form… “把…与…隔开”； separate“分开，分离，分散”，常说separate…form…“把…与…分离开”。由题意“要区分开hurt与injure的意义似乎很难”可知答案为B。
考点十三：approach
【基础过关】approach vt & vi. 接近；靠近；接洽，交涉
n. 接近；方法；途径
We approached the birds quietly and watched them. 我们悄悄上前观察那些小鸟
The time for graduation is approaching. 毕业的日至近了
I approached him about filling the manager’s job.
我找他商量，问他有无意担任经理
The approach of the examination is making her nervous. 考试的逼近使她不安。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的道路都被警察封死了
His method presents a new approach to English.他提出学习外语的新方法
【拓展延伸】]difficult of approach难于接近的
easy of approach 易于接近的
make an approach to对...进行探讨
approach sb. on sth.向某人接洽[商量、交涉]
approachable adj. 可接近的
【典型例题】．The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
【答案】 A 　考查名词词义辨析
【点拨】根据句意"人们设计这个系统是为了让学生快洁地使用图书馆的数字资源"; passage 意为 "文章；走廊"；way 是 "方法、方式"； approach 也指"方式；接近"；access 指"入口、通路"，常和介词to 连用，可知选A符合
考点十四：influence
【基础过关】名词 n. 影响,作用[C][U][(+on/upon)]
The influence of climate on crops are self-evident.
气候对农作物的影响是不证自明的
及物动词 vt. 影响,感化;左右
I don't want to influence you. You must decide for yourself
我不想影响你。你必须自行决定
【拓展延伸】affect, effect, influence用法辨析
1. affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affect＝have an effect on。如：
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。
The news did not affect her at all.＝The news had no effect on her at all.
这条消息对她没有一点影响
注：effect 有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。如：
2. influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词) 如：
What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响
【典型例题】 Though Van Gogh formed his own painting style,we can still see the _________________of some famous French artists on his works.
A. effect B application C. relation D. infliuence
【答案】D. 考查名词词义辨析
【点拨】从搭配上分析，与on搭配的词为A，D，从词义分析，effect作用，infliuence影响，作用。主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响根据句意，D符合题意。
考点十五： require
【基础过关】require 是及物动词，意思是"需求，要求"。常用下列句型结构：
1） 接名词作宾语。例如：
This job requires strength.这份工作需要体力。
2）接不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
They required us to help them. 他们要求我们帮助他们。
3）接that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。例如：
She required that I（should）go at once.她要求我立刻去
The situation requires that immediate action（should）be taken.情势上需要立即采取行动
4）接动名词主动式或不定式被动式例如：
These temples require repairing next month . = These temples require to be repaired next month
【拓展延伸】 require/ request/ demand辨析
三者相同的是：后均可接sth. of sb.
不同的是：require，demand，后接宾语从句时，谓语动词应用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形或省略should，而request后接从句，谓语动词用直陈语气，require，demand意为要求，需要，request意为请示，需要。Require与 request都可接不定式做宾语补足语，demand不行，require与demand都可接不定式做宾语，request不行。Require后可接v-ing形式，相当与need的用法，但demand只接不定式和名词。request/ demand可以用做名词，而require的名词为requirement.
【典型例题】Visitors ____________________not to touch the exhibits.
A. will rrequest B. request C.are requesting D. are requested
【答案】D. 考查动词的时态与语态
【点拨】从句意看参观者被要求不能触摸展品，应该使用被动式
考点十六：employ
【基础过关】
1．雇用 常构成employ sb. in /on sth.或employ sb. as
she is employed as a taxi driver.她受雇任出租车司机
2．使用,利用常构成employ sb. in sth./ doing sth.
How do you employ your spare time 你是怎样利用你的空余时间的
He is employed in a bank. 他在一家银行任职
He employed himself (in) teaching English. 他从事英语教学工作
3．(常与oneself连用或用被动语态)使忙于,使从事于[(+in)]
The children were employed in painting. 孩子们忙于画画儿
The children employed themselves in painting. 孩子们忙于画画儿。
【拓展延伸】employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
employer n. 雇佣者，雇主
employment n.雇佣，使用
unemployment n.失业，失业状况，失业人数
unemployed adj. 未被雇佣的，失业的
the unemployed 失业的人
【典型例题】 --- How long ___________________ at his job
---- Since 1990
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
【答案】B 时态考查题
【点拨】根据时间状语since 1990 ，可知应用现在完成时
考点十七：calm
【基础过关】
calm vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇定；adj.平静的，镇静的。calm down vi.平静下来
calm sb down 使某人平静下来
He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down
他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down
哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来
【拓展延伸】
【辨析】：calm, quiet, silent, still
calm 指气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，指人“从容镇静的” 例如：
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.
天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静
Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.
虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答
quiet 侧重于因无骚扰产生的“安静、无动静、无声响”。例如：
Be quiet, please. 别吵闹，请安静下来
He had a quiet life in the countryside.
他在乡间过着安静的生活。
silent 意为“寂静无音的”、“沉默无言的”，指人沉默不语或地方一片静寂。例如：
The house is empty and silent.房子里空无一人，寂静无声。
A silent man likes to stay in a silent place.沉默寡言的人喜欢呆在安静的地方。
still 指“静止的、一动不动的、寂静的”，侧重于静止不动和完全无声，带有感彩。如：
All sounds are still.万籁俱寂
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moves slightly.
那个瑞典人纹丝不动地站着，只有嘴唇在轻轻蠕动
【典型例题】
Keep calm/quiet/silent/still.
填空对比：
Keep______ 保持镇静（别慌）。
Keep _____ 保持安静（别吵）。
Keep______. 保持沉默（别说话）。
Keep______ 保持静止（别动）。
【答案】calm quiet. silent still.
考点十八： . witness
【基础过关】
witness v.当场见到；目击；表明；说明；做证 n.目击者；证词;证明。
I witnessed an accident on my way home yesterday.
昨天在回家的路上，我目击了一场事故
Her flushed face witnessed the great excitement she felt.
她通红的脸表明她很激动
There was no witness that he was present. 没有人证明他在场
The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person. 那位老人为被告作证。
【拓展延伸】be a witness to是…..的目击者 bear witness to/of做…..的证人/证据 give witness on behalf of替…….作证
【典型例题】. I ______witness to his innocence.
A. put B. ma ke C. bear D. hold
【答案】 C 考查固定短语。
【点拨】由bear witness to/of 做…..的证人/证据可知
考点十九： discourage
【基础过关】discourage 使泄气,使沮丧；劝阻;打消[(+from)]； 阻挡,防止[(+from)]
1. Don't let one failure discourage you. 不要因为一次失败就泄气
2. We discouraged him from giving up the job. 我们劝他不要放弃那份工作
3. The rain discouraged us from going out. 雨打消了我们外出的念头
【拓展延伸】courage/ encourage /discourage辨析
courage 用作名词，意为勇气
encourage 及物动词，意为鼓舞，鼓励
discourage 及物动词，意为使泄气
【典型例题】courage/ encourage /discourage
填空对比：
1. The soldier showed great____________________ in the bettle.
2. If you meet with any difficulty in your study,don’t _____________________.
3. I __________________her to work hard and to try for the examination.
4. Don’t let one failure _________________you ,try again.
【答案】 1. courage 2.be discouraged
3. encouraged 4.discourage
考点二十： stress
【基础过关】stress n. 重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音
vt.着重, 强调, 重读
In fact, stress isn't a bad thing it is often supposed to be.
事实上,压力并不像人们所认为的那样是一件坏事
I must stress that we haven't much time.我必须强调我们没有多少时间了
The director stressed that point in particular.厂长特别强调了那一点
【拓展延伸】
1) under stress/ pressure
Unemployment and his wife's health put him under stress.
失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中
2) lay [place, put] stress on sth
这学期,英语老师把重点放在作文和阅读上.
This term ,English teacher lays stress on composition and reading
3)emphasis n. 强调
lay/put/place emphasis on sth=give special importance to sth
We should lay a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages.
我们应把主要重点放在学习外语上
4）stressed adj.(用作表语)紧张的,感到有压力的
stressful adj. 产生压力的 ;.使紧迫的
【典型例题】Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what _________ is what they do with it.
A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions
【答案】：A。考查动词词义辨析
【点拨】根据句意：学生社团从哪儿募集到资金确实不重要；重要的是他们怎样使用它
count ： 有价值，有重要性； apply ：应用，申请；
stress ：强调 ； function起作用，运转
考点二十一：access
【基础过关】 access n. 1 （接近或进入某地的）方法，通路
The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到那农舍去只有穿过田地
The village is easy / difficult of access.到那个村子的路很容易/很难走
2.（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利
Students must have access to a good library.
学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。
【拓展延伸】 accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的，可使用的
A beach accessible only from sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩
【典型例题】He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
【答案】 C. 考查名词辨析。
【点拨】 have access to进入的路；能接近，进入,了解或使用(不可数名词)。如：1)Only a few people have access to the full facts of the ase.(只有几人能了解案件的全部事实)
approach接近,走近,快到;对待处理(事情的)方式;接近(到达)的路:1)
The approach to the house was a narrow path.(通到这幢房子的路是一条小径)
application申请,申请书approval赞同。根据题意,此句中不是指身体上的“接近或靠近”,而是指“能接触到”的某人故选access更切题意
考点二十二： defend
【基础过关】
1防御;保卫;保护 常与against/from连用
defend sb. from attack 保护某人免受攻击
defend one’s country against enemies 卫国抗敌
2. 【体】防守(球门等)
3. 【律】为...辩护;作...的辩护律师
She defended herself successfully in court. 她在法庭上成功地为自己作了辩护
【拓展延伸】defend / guard / protect
defend ，guard ，protect 都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思
defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思：如:
defend one’s country against enemies 卫国抗敌
guard 指“注意观察、戒备, 以免受可能的攻击或伤害”, 含有看守的意思如:
guard a coastline 守卫海岸线
protect 指“保护...以免遭受危险或伤害”，常含有提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻
protect the children from harm保护儿童免受伤害
【典型例题】Studies show that the presence of social support help people defend themselves _______________________ilness.
A. against B.over C.with D.off
【答案】 A 考察固定短语
【点拨】 固定短语defend…against/from …
考点二十三： board
【基础过关】
名词 n.
1. 木板;板；牌子;布告牌;黑板on board 在船上，在飞行器上
Have the passengers gone on board yet 旅客已经上船/飞机了吗？
2膳食;伙食[U]
We will provide room and board for them. 我们将提供他们的食宿
3委员会;理事会;董事会;(政府的)部,局,会[C][G]
He has recently joined the board of the company. 他最近加入了该公司的董事会
动词 vt. /vi.
1上(船、车、飞机等)
The passengers boarded the plane at 9 a.m. 旅客们上午九时登上飞机
2.用木板覆盖(或封闭)[(+up/over)]
He boarded up the windows. 他用木板将窗钉上
3. 包饭;供...膳宿
She boarded with a Japanese family. 她寄宿在一个日本人的家里。
【拓展延伸】board n. / v. 木板;板，;布告牌;黑板； 膳食;伙食； 委员会;理事会;董事会;
上(船、车、飞机等)； 包饭;供...膳宿 ；用木板覆盖(或封闭
broad adj. 宽的,阔的；辽阔的； 明显的;完全明朗的
aboard ad.在船(或飞机,车)上;上船(或飞机,
prep. 在(船,飞机,车)上;进入,上(船,飞机,车)
abroad. 副词 ad在国外;到国外； 外面;到外面
【典型例题】The Titanic sank slowly to the bottom of the ocean with 15,000 passengers____________________.
A. on the board B. on board
C. getting on board D. across the board
【答案】 B 考查介词短语辨析。
【点拨】句意含义为 “泰坦尼克号沉向海底的时候，上面有15，000乘客”。所缺词组表示“在船上”用be on board表示
同步练习 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
单项选择
1．China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence
C. impression D. knowledge
2 a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have
C. It remains D. There remains
3. All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
4 Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_ to the kids.
A. accessible B. relative C. acceptable D. sensitive
5 It’s very ___________________ that every time I try to ride a bicycle, I fell off.
A. discouraged B. discouraging C. discouragement D.being discouraged
6.He was a heavy smoker. I _______________________ him to give up smoking but he just wouldn’t listen to me.
A. suggested B. tried to persuade
C. persuaded D. managed
7. Attention,please. And keep ______ I am taking a photograph of you.
A. calm B. quite C. still D. silent
8. Parents’words have a great _____ on me. I decide to make every _____ to learn English well.
A. effect; affect B. effect ; effort
C. affort ; effort D. affect; effect
9. Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special .
A．point B．idea C．attitude D．sight
10. The young man made a _________ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution
11. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still______ the traditional customs.
　　A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support
12. Dogs are kept to_____the houses from thieves at night.
A guard B defend C protect D prevent
13. ________that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.
A Concerning B Regarding C Ascertaining D Assuming
14. On New Year’s Eve, New York City holds an outdoor _________________ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.
A. incident B. event C. ease D.affair
15.　 ______ to be the best in a recent English speech contest, 25 students from Zhejiang Province were sent to Australia for a short visit.
A. Judging B Judged C. To be judged D. Having judged
汉译英
1． 我们不遗余力的阻止他们采取这一步骤
2． 我发现他很难接近
3我原本打算和你前往，但当时我太忙
4．修建这堵墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲毁
5.他促使学生意识到诚实的重要性
参考答案： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
单项选择1-15 ADDAB BCBCB CAABB
汉译英
1.We will spare no effort to prevent them from taking this step.
2.I found him difficult to approach
3．I had intended to go with you, but I was too busy then.
4．The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
5． He urged upon the students the importance of honesty.
欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 www.
欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 www.