2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：sb2b(unit11-20)专题三

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2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品
SB2B (unit11---unit20)专题三： 重点句型高考解读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
专题三： 重点句型
高考解读
【高考导航】
2010高考命题趋向分析
1． 倍数的表达方式是高考的重点。在高中阶段我们主要学习了倍数的四中表达方法，即：①：倍数+比较级+than②倍数+ as+ adj./ adv.+ as③倍数+ the size / length / depth / height / amount+ of ④倍数+ what clause，考生要注意掌握
2． It is +过去分词+that构成的主语从句一直是高考的热点，对这一句型考查的角度多是变换过去分词以及句型上的转换“sb.+动词+that从句”和“sb. / sth.+ be done + to do sth.”。如：It is likely that …；It is believed that…等。这一句型也将是今年考试的重点
3． 对于状语从句的考查是高考的热点其中对于when，while，as的考查是是重点。考生需要掌握三者在引导时间状语从句是的区别。考生对于while用法最熟悉的为以下2种：“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句；连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。另外when，while，as均可引导让步状语从句， while在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，如： While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。而as引导让步状语从句需要倒装
4．独立主格的考查是高考的难点，考生需要注意独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )或者代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )，后一部分是非谓语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )，相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等考生应注意独立主格结构与状语从句以及分词做状语的区别
5. Should+ 主语+谓语（should表示“万一；如果”），在虚拟条件句中，如果谓语部分含有had / should / were，可以省略if，而把had / should / were提到条件句句首构成倒装语序此外，对于情态动词should的考查是高考的重点，尤其是should与完成时连用表责备should have done 表示本应该做某事而实际上没做shouldn’t have done 表示本不应该做某事而实际上做了的用法
【真题品析】
1 (上海卷)．Paper produced every year is ________ the world’s production of vehicles.
A. the three times weight o f B. three times the weight of
C. as three times as heavier as D. three times as heavier as
【答案】 B 考查倍数的表达方法
【点拨】倍数three times要放在the weight of之前。若选项D中heavier改为heavy也对。
2．（09 浙江卷）－I’ve read another book this week.
－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A．this B. that C. there D. it
【答案】 D　考查强调句型和名词性从句
【点拨】由句中" not how much you read but what you read"做动词count 的主语，选D构成强调句型
3．(2007山东卷) ______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
【答案】 D 考查while引导让步状语从句,多用于句首
【点拨】while引导让步状语从句,多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。As 虽然也可以表示“尽管,虽然”，但需要构成倒装结构。since和if的意义不通
4．（2007 山东） The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft ,the most recent _____________________________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
【答案】 B 考查独立主格结构
【点拨】 题中没有连词，故不能选做谓语动词的A项。the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构，由at the end of last March.可知应选表示动作完成的B项。
5．（2007 全国卷）--- How is your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful
----It ____________________ be,but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B.would C. should D.must
【答案】C 考查情态动词的区别。
【点拨】 本题考查情态动词的 。will可用来表示“意愿；客观必然性等”； .would可表示“意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）”；should应该；理应；must必然；一定；准是。结合语境可知，此处用should表示虚拟，意为“这里本应该是美丽的，但是现在它被严重污染了”。
知识网络【考点概览】重点句式1 It is likely that … 2 倍数的表达 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【考点概览】重点句式
1 It is likely that …
2 倍数的表达
3. make it + adj. +to do / that …
4 There is no need (for sb) to do sth.
5．be thought to …
6. now that …
7．When ,as, while 引导状语从句
8．It+ be + pp. +that 从句
9. … all waving and moving slowly in the blue water
10．The city saw a series of fierce fight…
11．Should you feel the urge to do …
12．In terms of technical development, people were going…
13． spend…doing …
14．That led to…
精讲点拨考点一：It is likely that … 【基础过关】It is likely that … …是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
考点一：It is likely that …
【基础过关】It is likely that … …是可能的，此句型可转化为sb./ sth. be likely to do…某人/物可能干某事； 如：
1. 他今晚很可能给我打电话
He is very likely to phone me tonight.
It is likely that he will phone tonight.
2. 天气可能会很晴朗
it is likely that the weather will be fine.
The weather is likely to be fine.
在It is likely that …句型中likely可用possible ；probable来替换，只是probable的可能性更大些，但在sb./ sth. be likely to do…结构中，不用possible 或probable
【拓展延伸】类似的结构还有：
It is believed / said / known / agreed / thought / supported / reported that …
以上句型可转化为：
⑴ People believe / say/ know / agreed/ think / support / report that …
⑵ Sb. /Sth. be believed / said / known / agreed / thought / supported / reported to do …
1. 人们曾经认为太阳绕着地球转
It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.
People once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.
The sun was once thought to travel around the earth.
2. 据说他一年挣100多万美元
It is said that he earns ＄1 million a year.
People say that he earns ＄1 million a year.
He is said to earn ＄1 million a year.
【典型例题】
-----Do you think he’ll succeed
----Well, he’s helped by so many students, what is more, he works extremely hard. So he will __________________ succeed.
A. probably B. perhaps C. possibly D.likely
【答案】 A 考查形容词，副词辨析
【点拨】 从句子结构可以看出，空格处应为副词，修饰动词succeed，排除D项，从句意上分析，说话人对其成功的把握性很大，故答案为A
考点二： six times what you have offered
three times more than
【基础过关】倍数的表达方法：
（1） 倍数+比较级+ than
At least, the train runs five times faster than the boat.
火车的速度至少比小船快五倍
（2） 倍数+ as + adj./ adv. + as
My flat is three times as large as his.
我的公寓是他的三倍
（3） 倍数+ the size / length / depth / height / amount+ of
The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.
地球是月亮的49倍大。
（4） 倍数+ what clause
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍
【拓展延伸】
用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如：
A is as much （large，long，…）again as B.
（= A is twice as much （large，long，…）as B.
　　应译为：A比B多（大，长，……）1倍。
　　A is half as much （large， 1ong，…）again as B.
　　(= A is one and a half times as much （large， 1ong，…）as B.
　　应译为：A比B多（大，长……）一半（即A是B的一倍半）。
【典型例题】
It is reported that the United States uses ________ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
【答案】D 考查倍数的表达方式
【点拨】 由twice(两倍)和energy后的as可知，此题是考查用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”来表达倍数的方法。
考点三：make it + adj. +to do / that …
【基础过关】make it + adj. +to do / that …
此句型中的make后接形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，通常代替不定式，动名词或从句。基本句式为make it + adj. / n.+to do / that …常用于此结构的动词还有：find，think，consider，make ，feel， take等构成：find/ think / consider / make / feel it adj to do
手势使得听众更容易理解他的演讲
Gesture makes it easy for audience to understand his speech.
我们发现很难按时到那里.
We find it difficult to arrive there on time.
我认为到英国去旅行没必要带汉英字典.
I don’t think it necessary to bring a Chinese-English dictionary when traveling to Britain.
He thinks it his duty to help others.
他认为帮助别人是他的职责。
He made it a rule to get up at 6:00 every morning.
他把每天早晨六点起床作为制度
【拓展延伸】it做形式宾语还可代替动名词，不定式，从句。
We consider it no use going to the seaside.
我们认为去海边没用处
We all consider it a pity that you didn’t come to the party.
我们都认为你没参加聚会很遗憾
I find it very difficult to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很难
I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西
You may depend on it that we are honest.
你可以相信我们是诚实的
it还可以用作形式主语，如：
It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth对某人来说做某事……
It’s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.某人如此……而做某事
It is +被强调部分+who/that…强调句
It is the first/second time that…某人第几次做某事
It is (high) time that……sb. did /should do sth.是该做……时候了
It’s said/reported/thought that…据说/报道/认为
It’s a pity/a shame/a wonder that…可惜/奇怪的是……
It happens/appears/seems that…恰巧，好象……
It seems/looks as if…看起来好象
It’s up to sb. to do sth… 该某人做某事
【典型例题】
The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . A．that B．it C．this D．him
【答案】 B 考查代词it
【点拨】 think后接形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，代替不定式to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。 即构成think it adj to do 结构
考点三四：There is no need (for sb) to do sth.
【基础过关】There is no need (for sb) to do sth.句式，意为”做……是没有／有必要的”。
①我们没有必要再等了，他不会来了。There is no need for us to wait, he won’t come.
②没有必要担心。There is no need of worrying/to worry.
③没有必要为他的安全担心 There is no need to worry about his safety.
【拓展延伸】
There is (no) need for sth. 没有／有必要做某事
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有用
There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没有道理，没有必要
There is no doing sth. === It is impossible to do sth.
无法知道会发生什么。
There is no telling what will happen.
这周围不准停车
There is no parking around here.
【典型例题】
—Shall we have a talk with her and try to persuade her not to see a movie tonight.
—There is no in talking to her. She never listens.
A. good B. value C. point D. worth
【答案】C 考查固定句型
【点拨】 There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义/必要，是固定句型
考点五：be thought to…
【基础过关】be thought to… 此句型为think sb. sth.的被动语态，意为：认为某人是什么
What do you think she is doing now
He is thought to be the richest man in Europe.
其近义表达为：
对…评价高 think well / highly / much of …
对…评价低think badly little /ill / poorly / of…
你认为…怎么样？What do you think of …
把…当作 think of …as …==regard … as…
【拓展延伸】
think的名词形式为 thought
1．思维;思考,考虑[U]
After serious thought, he decided to accept their terms.
经认真考虑,他决定接受他们的条件
2. 想法;见解[C][(+of/about/on)]
Please write and let me have your thoughts on the matter.
请写信让我知道你对此事的看法。
3. (常用在疑问、否定句中)意图,打算[U][(+of)]
He had no thought of hurting her.
他没想要伤害她
4. 思想,思潮[U]
5. 关心,注意[C][U][(+for)]
With no thought for his own safety, the old man went off at a run to save the drowning boy.
老汉毫不顾虑自己的安全,奔去救那溺水的男孩
【典型例题】
The Bunsen is so named that because it is thought ____________________________by Robert Bunsen.
A. to be invented B. having been invented
C. invented D. to have been invented
【答案】 D 考查句型be thought to…
【点拨】根据考查句型be thought to…排除B，C两项，根据题干提供的语境，应用不定式的完成时态
考点六：Now that we are developing…
【基础过关】Now that we are developing…
now that 为连词，引导状语从句，意为： 既然，由于
You ought to have a good rest now that you've finished the work.
既然已完成了工作,你就应该好好休息一下
Now that we have finished the course, we shall go out for a walk.
【拓展延伸】since, for, because, as, now that 表原因的用法区别
1.since（既然）语气较弱，强调已知的事实
Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.
既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了
2. for（因为）的用法：
for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。
It must be morning for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫
because （因为）的用法：
because通常表示直接的原因。because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why的问题, 一般位于主句之后
We couldn't go out because it was too cold. 因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
4. now that（既然）的用法： now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.
既然你忙，就让我给你做吧
5. as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前，如：
As it was late ， we came back soon.（由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来
【典型例题】
__________________you‘ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it
.A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as
【答案】A. 考查连词
【点拨】该题的意思是：既然有机会，你不妨充分利用一下。显然很容易排除C项，因为它引导一个让步状语从句，这与题意不符。但B，D两个选项则有一定的迷惑性，不过只要仔细审题，我们不难发现after与as soon as作为连词，通常引导一个时间状语从句，而空白处需要填上一个引导原因状语从句的连词或连词词组，故B、D两项也不符合题意
考点七：While early settlers had killed bison for food, …
【基础过关】when, as, while在引导时间状语从句时的主要用法：
1．when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.
当我进入房间的时候我发现他躺在那里睡觉
When you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary.
当你遇到你不认识的单词时，去查字典
She was beautiful when she was a girl.
当她小的时候她很漂亮。
2．as表示"当……时""一面……一面"，"随着"。其具体用法如下：
①表示"当……时"、"和……同时"。常指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。
As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.
当他站在那里的时候，他看到了两个人进入了酒吧。
She dropped the glass as she stood up.
当她站起来的时候她把茶杯丢在地上了
②用于平行的动作中，表示"一面……一面……"。常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。
He sang as he worked.
他一边工作一边唱歌
The students took notes as they listened.
学生一边听一边记笔记。
③用于平行发展的结构中，表示"随着……"。常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。
As the wind rose the noise increased.
随着风力变大，风声也变大了
As he grew older he became more confident.
随着年龄的增加，他变得更有信心了
3．While表示"在……的时候"、"在……期间"。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。While从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词
Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.
车在行走的过程中不要下车
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
当我们在北京的时候天气非常好
通过以上分析我们可以看出，when, as, while引导时间状语从句时，侧重点有所不同。
①When可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词
②While总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词
③as多用于平行结构。表示两个动作同时发生：一个主语同时进行两个动作：一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化
④表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，when, while, as均可使用。从句中为be动词时，多用when和while。谈论两个同时进行的长动作可用while；谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as
【拓展延伸】when, as, while在引导让步状语从句时的主要用法：
1．when可以引导让步状语从句，意为“既然,考虑到”，用于句中，位于主句之后。
I go to work on foot when I have a car.
尽管我有车，我走着去上班
How can he get the promotion when his boss dislikes him
既然上司不喜欢他,那他怎么会获得提升呢
2．as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构。as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：
形容词/副词/名词（单数名词无冠词）/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分
注意体会下列典型例句：
Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.
这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样
Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的。
Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)
尽管还是个孩子，他却能分辨黑白。
Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.
他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic.
尽管伤势很重，他仍然十分乐观。
Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.
虽然尽了最大努力，但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头
3．while引导让步状语从句, 意为“尽管,虽然”，用于句首。
While the work was difficult, it was interesting.
尽管工作有难度，但很有趣
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends.
尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友
While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状
【典型例题】
____ , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
　　A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
　　C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
【答案】D 考查as引导让步状语从句的倒装
【点拨】根据句意“他的建议在会上被全部的人所接受”与“他的建议听起来或许奇怪”之间意思相反，因此下划线处引导的从句应为让步状语从句，而as引导让步状语从句应采用倒装结构，由此先排除不是倒装结构的选项B、C，又因为as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词（单数名词无冠词）/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分，所以可以再排除倒装形式不正确的选项A，最终选出D
考点八：1：Before the discoveries, it was believed that Sichuan only had a history of about
【基础过关】It+ be + pp. +that 从句。该句型是一个以it作形式主语，真正的主语是一个从句放在句末，动词通常是表示思考、建议，要求，报道等意义的词。
(1)It is thought that... 据认为……
It is thought that the team will win the final game.
人们认为这只球队会赢得决赛的胜利的。
(2)It is proved that... 据证明……
It is proved that the man stole some money from the shop.
据证明是那个人从商店里偷走了一笔钱。
(3)It is known that... 众所周知……
It is known that the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知地球绕着太阳运转。
(4)It is believed that... 据信……
It is believed that he won’t give in to the difficulty in time of danger.
人们相信即使在危险的时候他也不会向困难屈服的。
(5)It is reported that... 据报道……
It was reported that half a million workers were on strike in their country.
据报道他的国家有五十万工人罢工。
(6)It is announced that... 据宣布……It has been announced that their country will send up another man-made satellite next month.据宣布他们的国家将在下月再发射一颗人造地球卫星。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
It has been announced that their country will send up another man-made satellite next month.
据宣布他们的国家将在下月再发射一颗人造地球卫星。
(7)It is said that... 据说……
It is said that the sports meet will be put off till next Thursday.
据决定运动会推迟到下周四召开。
(8)It is requested that... 据要求……
It is requested that we work eight hours a day.
我们要求一天工作八小时。
(9)It is demanded that... 据要求……
It was demanded that the working conditions be improved as soon as possible.
据要求工作条件要尽可能快地改进。
(10)It is suggested that... 据建议……
It is suggested that they set out tomorrow.
据建议，他们明天出发。
注意：在动词require，demand，suggest，order等后的that从句中，谓语动词用原形或"should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。
【拓展延伸】it用做形式主语的其他情况：1．It is / was + 形容词 +名词从句可用于此句型的形容词有：clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, true, unusual, strange, wonderful 等。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1．It is / was + 形容词 +名词从句
可用于此句型的形容词有：clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, true, unusual, strange, wonderful 等。
It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.
显然，从事体育运动有益于你的身体。
2．It is / was + 名词词组 + 名词从句
可用于此句型的名词词组主要有：a pity , a good thing, no surprise, no wonder, good news, a question等。
It is still a question how we get there on time.
我们能否按时到达仍然是个问题。
3．It + vi + 主语从句
可用于此句型的动词有：appear, seem, happen, occur等。
It seems that he has a lot of friends.看上去他有很多朋友。
4 It is no use / useless/ no good doing sth.
It is no use quarrelling with such a man.
It is no good cheating in the examination.
5．It is / was + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s hard for them to answer such difficult questions.
It is important for one to learn a foreign language.
6．It is / was + adj + of sb.to do sth.
It is foolish of him that he make such a choice
It’s very kind of you to say so.
【典型例题】. is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
. is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are
making progress.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
【答案】 A 考查it与as引导从句的区别
【点拨】 考查It+ be + pp. +that 从句。该句型是一个以it作形式主语，真正的主语是that talks between the two countries are making progress.从句放在句末，所以答案为：A
考点九：… all waving and moving slowly in the blue water
【基础过关】在这个句子中all waving and moving slowly in the blue water 是一个独立主格结构；waving and moving slowly的逻辑主语就是all，现在分词表示主动发出的动作。
Weather permitting, we decided to climb the mountain.
如果天气允许，我们决定去爬山
She looked at her mother, tears rolling down her cheeks.
她看着她的母亲，泪流满面
He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
他满头大汗跑进教室
The soldier came in , gun in hand.
士兵手里拿着枪走了进来
【拓展延伸】独立主格结构
常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
　　1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系如：
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好
Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游
　　2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved, the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了
　　3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
　　4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消
　　5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out.
他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home.
会议一结束，他们就都回家了
　　6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.
玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门
　　7. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会
　　8. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
【典型例题】Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】 A 考查独立主格结构
【点拨】 此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A，为独立主格结构
考点十：The city saw a series of fierce fight…
【基础过关】The city saw a series of fierce fight…此处The city saw…是一种拟人化的写作手法。以增加句子的表现力。See的意思是：“（在某个时间或某地）发生，经历，经受”或者“见证”。看下面的句子；
The next few years saw a series of bad harvest.
接下来的几年里发生了连年的粮食歉收
The following year saw the death of both his sisters.
第二年他的两个姐姐相继去世
The 5th century saw the end of the Rome Empire in the west.
公元五世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡
Last year saw a slight increase in car accidents in that city.
该市去年车祸的次数略有上升
The year 1849 witnessed a great war in Hungary.
一八四九年匈牙利发生了一场大战
【拓展延伸】see 的特殊用法还有：(1)理解,领会;发现I see what you mean.我理解你的意思。(2)陪,送 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
(1)理解,领会;发现
I see what you mean.我理解你的意思。
(2)陪,送
He saw me to the door and said goodbye.
他把我送到门口,说了声再见。
(3)想,考虑; 明白
Let me see.让我想一想。
I don't see at all.我一点也不明白。
相关归纳：
(1)see off为...送行
He saw his friend off at the bus station.他在车站给朋友送行。
(2)see to照料;处理
I'll see to everything here.这里的一切我会照料。
(3)see to it that从句 确保; 确信
See to it that the lights are turned off before you leave the office.在离开办公室前务必把灯关了。
(4)see through sb./sth. 看穿;识破(谎言)
see sb. through 帮助...渡过(困难等)
We will see you through the difficulty.我们会帮助你渡过难关。
The policeman saw through his false alibi.警察识破他不在场的伪证。
【典型例题】Please see______ you get the door locked when you leave the classroom.A. to B. it that C. to it that D. to that 【答案】 C 考查see的特殊含义【点拨】考查“see to it that从句”这一固定句型，意为：确保; 确信。根据句子意思：在离开教室前务必把门锁好。所以答案为C。考点十一：Should you feel the urge to do … ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Please see______ you get the door locked when you leave the classroom.
A. to B. it that C. to it that D. to that
【答案】 C 考查see的特殊含义
【点拨】考查“see to it that从句”这一固定句型，意为：确保; 确信。根据句子意思：在离开教室前务必把门锁好。所以答案为C。
考点十一：Should you feel the urge to do …
【基础过关】Should you feel the urge to do …
Should+ 主语+谓语（should表示“万一；如果”），在虚拟条件句中，如果谓语部分含有had / should / were，可以省略if，而把had / should / were提到条件句句首构成倒装语序。
1． 有人打电话，就说我很忙
Should anyone phone(=If anyone should phone), please tell him I am busy.
2． 如果明天下雨，会议就延期
Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
3．Should you be interested, I’ll tell you the whole story.
如果你感兴趣的话，我就把整个故事讲给你听
【拓展延伸】should 的用法
1）表义务或责任
I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I should report it to the police
2）表按理的推测“按理会。。。”“该会。。。”
--When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They should be ready by 12:oo
3）与imagine/say/think…连用表达不成熟的意见或用于疑问句或与疑问连词连用表惊讶或不相信；表"居然会..."之意
I should say she’s over forty
It’s surprising that you should be here with her.
真奇怪你竟然和她在这儿。
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
4)与完成时连用表责备should have done 表示本应该做某事而实际上没做shouldn’t have done 表示本不应该做某事而实际上做了
—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You should have told her last week.
【典型例题】
—I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted
【答案】 B 考查should与完成时连用表责备
【点拨】考查should的用法，should have done 表示本应该做某事而实际上没做shouldn’t have done 表示本不应该做某事而实际上做了；根据句意“我本不应该对你大喊大叫的”可以知道答案应该为B项
考点十二；In terms of technical development, people were going…
【基础过关】In terms of technical development, people were going…
in terms of①就...而论;在...方面②用…术语
In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了
In terms of inflation, the policy works.
就抑制通货膨胀而言，这个政策是有效的
The work is not very profitable in terms of cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.
就收入而言这工作赚不到多少钱，但我会从中学习到有价值的经验
The article was written in terms of science.
这篇文章是用科技的术语写的
The decision was disastrous in political terms.
从政治来看，这个决定是灾难性的
We are thinking in terms of moving.
我们正在考虑搬家
【拓展延伸】 terms相关短语
(1)be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系融洽
We are on good terms with our neighbors.
我们与邻居和睦相处。
(2)come to terms with 甘心忍受
We had to come to terms with the cold weather.
我们必须忍受寒冷的天气
His suggestions were expressed in terms that were readily understood and accepted.
他的建议的措词使人容易理解和接受
(3)think in terms of考虑(做某事)
We are thinking in terms of moving to the south, as there are so few jobs in the north.
我们正考虑移居南方，因为北方的工作太少了
(4)in the long/ short term 长远看来/在目前
The plan worked well in the long run.
这个计划从长远看会起效的
【典型例题】
1 The book has been well received, but actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.
A. in terms of B. in place of
C. in a way D. in line with
【答案】 A 考查介词短语的辨析
【点拨】此题考查介词短语的辨析。in terms of“从……角度，按照”；in place of“代替”，in a way “从某种程度上”；in line with“与……一致”。根据题意“这本书很畅销，但是从实际销售的角度看，它还不算是成功的”故选A。
考点十三：spend…doing …
【基础过关】spend…doing …
They have already spent three weeks travelling in Beijing.
他们已经花了三个星期在北京旅游。
They spend an hour doing their homework.
　　他们用一个小时做作业。
【拓展延伸】spend，cost，take和pay的区别spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 1．spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
1．spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）
例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事
例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……
例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了
2．cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句
3．take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车
4．pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……
例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。
例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
例：Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。
例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬
（5） pay money back 还钱。
例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you I'll pay it back next week.
你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你
（6） pay off one's money还清钱
【典型例题】
In the past few years the school has ____a lot money improving the teaching equipment
A.cost B paid C spent D taken
【答案】 C 考查动词的固定用法
【点拨】本题考查waste/spend+time/money doing sth 的句型D项的用法为：It takes /took someone +time to do sth.
考点十四That led to…
【基础过关】That led to…lead to意为1.把……带领到；2.（道路）通向；3.导致，引起1The path led to that village. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
lead to意为1.把……带领到；2.（道路）通向；3.导致，引起
1The path led to that village.
这条路通往那个村庄
2All roads lead to Rome.
条条大道通罗马
3Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
. 要注意的是，lead to中的to在这个词组中是做为介词用的，所以其后应该跟名词或动名词。
另外词组lead sb to do sth 本身的意思是“带领谁去做某事”：
Dr. Wu leads his students to do there search
它还有一种延伸的含义是“引导某人做某事（通常指好事）”比如：
His hobby—running leads him to become a athlete
【拓展延伸】lead to 同义短语
bring about：
She made various efforts to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.
　　她作了多方努力，以促进和平解决那个问题
cause 导致，引起。
result in,
give rise to
contribute to
【典型例题】
We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _____ violence.
A. runs into B. comes from
C. leads to D. begins with
【答案】 C 考查动词短语的辨析
【点拨】lead to意为导致，引起。根据句意选择C。
同步练习1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，_______as3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known2--What do you think of the furniture on exhibition --Well, great! But I don’t think much of _______ you bought.A. the one B. it C. that D. which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，_______as3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
2--What do you think of the furniture on exhibition
--Well, great! But I don’t think much of _______ you bought.
A. the one B. it C. that D. which
31.He is his job.
A. in danger to lose B. dangerous of losing
C. in danger of losing D. dangerous to lose
4.Maybe it is time for the rest of society to the fact I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
A. adjust to；that B. get used to；that while
C. adapt to；while D. go about；that while
5.I have just been in Australia for a week and I’m trying to the new climate here.
A. adjust to B. agree with C. fit in D. rely on
6.____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
7. It's the present situation in poor areas that ____ much higher spending on education and training.
A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for
8. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
9Americans eat ____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
10 is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
11 . is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are
making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
12Talks between the two countries are reported________ progress now in the newspaper.
A. to make B. to be making
C. making D. having made
13 .－I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
－You her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
14 .He worked hard， he passed the exam.
A. in a result B. as result C. as a result D. for a result
15 The car was slow, and the road was icy. It was already evening we finally got to the village.
A. that B. when C. until D. in which
参考答案 1-5 BCCBA 6-10 ACADB 11-15 ABDCB ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
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