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中考英语数词讲解及习题
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数词是英语中的一种重要词汇,数的表达与日常生活密切相关。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词。近几年关开数词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:(1)考查基数词的编号 (2)考查基数词的写法 (3)考查hundred, thousand, million, billion 后加-s 的情况 (4)考查基数词与序数词的转化情况 (5)考查基数词与副词的情况。 一般以单项填空,单词拼写等题型进行数词方面的考查。
一:基数词
1.读英语中较长的数字,一般采用以下几个步骤:
(1)先将数字从右往左每三位数用一个逗号隔开。如: 32,789;89,456;45,879,621.
(2)从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”读thousand,第二个逗号表示“百万”,读作million,第三个逗号表示“十亿”读作billion.
(3) 读这些数字时从左往右三位数三位数地读,各三位数的读法按百位数的读法读,逗号应读出所表示的数量单位。如:
786→seven hundred and eighty-six
3,002,425→three million two thousand four hundred and twenty-five
但要注意:
(1)hundred, thousand, million当它们前面用了基数词,表示“几百、几千、几百万”时其后不能加s表示复数。 如:five hundred“五百”,不能写成five hundreds, twenty-seven thousand“两万七千”,不能写成twenty-seven thousands, three million “三百万”,不能写成three millions.
(2)hundred, thousand, million用来表示约数后,后与of连用,hundred, thousand, million后必须加s.如:
hundreds of 数百,thousands of 数千,成千上万,millions of 数百万
(3)英语中不可能有以下类似的形式:
two hundreds of, eleven thousands of, three millions of , several hundreds of等 .
2.基数词的用法
(1)表示人或事物数目多少。
(2)表示编了号的东西,将基数词放在名词后。
(3)表示年份。
(4)表示时间。
(5)“数位名词复数+of短语”表示“数以……计的、成……上……的”。
(6)“in the+年份(复数)”表示“在……世纪……所代”。
(7)“数词+名词”可构成形容词,其中的名词用单数。
例1.Gina lives in ______, Mine is next to hers.
A. four room B. Four Room C. Room Four D. the room four
本题考查基数词用来编号,名词在前,数词在后,首字母都用大写。
答案:C
例2.------Excuse me, how many students are there in your art club
------There are _______
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth
本题考查基数词表示数量。
答案:A
二、序数词
1.序数词的变化规则:
(1)一般在基数词的加th, 如:
four →fourth; seven → seventh; thirteen→thirteenth; hundred →hundredth.
(2)少数变化是不规则的,如:
one→first; two→second; three→ third; five→fifth; eight→eighth; nine→ninth; twelve→twelfth
(3)以y结尾的twenty等十位整数,变y为ie,再加th.如:
twenty→twentieth; thirty→thirtieth; seventy→seventieth.
(4)从二十一后的“第几十几”直到“第几百几十几”或“第几千几百几十几”只将个位数的基数词变为序数词即可。如:
Twenty—two →twenty—second; one hundred and forty –five →one hundred and forty –fifth
2.序数词的用法
(1)编了号的事物用“序数词+名词”
(2)日期中的“日”可用序数词
(3)序数词前一般应用the,用a (an)时表示“又一、再一”。
例1.The Huanghe River is the ______(第二)longest river in China.
解析:本题考查序数词的拼写,第二是second.
例2.The______(第十二)lesson is very difficult for me.
解析:考查序数词的拼写,“第十二”是twelfth.
例3.The ______letter in the word “develop”is “v”.
A. second B. third C. three D. two
解析:本题考查序数词表示顺序,“第三个字母是v”,选third.
答案:B
例4.---Shanghai has opened its ______TV channel (频道)that sends programs in foreign languages.
A. first B. a first C. the first
解析:本题考查序数词的用法。 Its是形容词性物主代词,序数词前不再加任何冠词。
答案:A
三.分数、小数、百分数及时间的表达
(1)表示年龄,意思是“几十多岁”。如“三十几岁”,thirties , 表示从30岁到39岁,“十几岁”是tenns, 表示13岁至19岁。如:
Edison became a great inventor when he was in his twenties.
爱迪生二十多岁就成为一名伟大的发明家。
When she went to America, she was in her teens.
她去美国时才十几岁。
(2)表示年代,如“20世纪80年代”写成1980s,读作“nineteen eighties”; 在30年代in the thirties.
(3)表示约数、不确定的数目。如:hundreds of 数百,thousands of 数千, millions of 数百万
(4)当基数词用作名词或在一些固定词组中时,也用复数。如:
How many fours are there in the twenty
二十当中有多少个四?
They got there by twos and threes.
他们三三两两的到了那里。
2.分数表达法:
(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:
one fifth 五分之一;one tenth 十分之一
(2)当分子大于1时,分母中的序数词应用复数。如:
two third 三分之二;five eighths 八分之五
(3)当分子是1时,可以用one, 也可以用a .如:
a second (one second) a third (one third)
(4)当分母是“2”或“4”时,可以用half和quarter代替。如:
a half二分之一;a quarter 四分之一;three quarters 四分之三
(5)分数作主语,谓语动词的单、复数要根据分数后的名词确定,如果是不可数名词用单数,是可数名词用复数。如:
One third of the students in our class have been to the Great Wall.
我们班三分之一的学生都去过长城。
Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children.
五分之四的水都被孩子们喝了。
3.小数和百分数的表示法
(1)小数点读作point, 前后的数分别用基数词表示。如:
0.03 zero point zero three
3.14 three point one four
12.12 twelve point one two
(2)百分数用percent 表示。如:
5℅ five percent 20℅ twenty percent
4.数字表示年、月、日和时刻
(1)数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说。如:
1074 ten seventy –four
1880 eighteen eighty
1979 nineteen seventy –nine
但要注意下面这些年份的读法:
1902 ①nineteen 0 two ②nineteen hundred and two
1900 nineteen hundred
2000 two thousand
2005 two thousand and five
(2)月、日的表示。月在前,日在后,日要用序数词或读序数词。如:
May 1st / May the first 5月1日
September 10th / September the tenth 9月10日
(3)时刻的表示法有两种:一是“时”在前,“分”在后,按基数词顺读,二是“分”在前,“时”在后,中间加介词to 或past, 30以前用past(含30);30 以后用to。
10:15 ①ten fifteen ②fifteen past ten
7:35 ①seven thirty –five ②twenty—five to eight
注意:当“分”为15、45时,后一种表示法也可用quarter, 当分为30时,后一种表示法用half.如:
7:15 a quarter past seven
8:45 a quarter to nine
10:30 half past ten
例1._____of the girls in this school are fans of Li Yuchun.
A. Two fifths B. Two fifth C. One thirds D. Fifths two
解析:本题考查分数表达法。
答案:A
例2. Her grandfather came to live in the USA in his ______ .
A. twenty B. twentieth C. twenties D. twentieths
解析:“in the twenties”意思是“在他二十多岁时”,数词要用复数形式。
答案:C
例3.It’s about ________
A. half to eight B. half past eight
C. thirty—five past eight D. thirty –five to eight
解析: 本题考查时刻表达法,30分(含)以前用past,30分以后用60减“分”,再用介词to 表达
答案:B
习题:
1.Time is not enough for the work._____ people are needed, I think.
A Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two another
2.All the teachers live on _____floor.
A. the second B. two C. second
3._____is said that ____ tourists visit Geyuan Garden every day.
A. That; thousands of B. It; five thousand of
C. It; thousands of D. This; three thousand
4. _____soldiers and doctors have been in Wenchuan to help the people there.
A. Thousand of B. Two thousands C. Thousands of
5. You can see ____ if you go out at night.
A. million stars B. thousand of stars
C. hundreds stars D. millions of stars
6.The PRC was founded on _____
A. October 1st,1949 B. July 1st ,1921
C. August 1st ,1927 D. May 1st , 1922
7.-----It is 7:15
------Yes, it’s ____
A. a quarter past seven B. a quarter to eight
C. fifteen past seven o’clock D. seven fifteen o’clock.
8.—Can you write the number eighty –five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six
----Yes, it is _____
A.856620 B.85626 C.58662 D.58626
答案:1---8 CACCDAAB
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