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Unit 3 Going places
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1.重点单词与短语consider; means; board; destination; experience; equipment; paddle; normal; excitement; similarity; particular; combine; get away from; watch out; protect sb./sth. from; see sb. off; on the other hand; as well as; at the same time; for pleasure
2.句型
Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. instead of的用法
Is anybody seeing you off 进行时表将来
The name whitewater comes from the fact that… 同位语从句的用法
Eco—travel is way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. as well as 并列连词的用法。
As with hiking, you should always think about your safety as with的用法
3. 语法：现在进行时
1. 描述或表达目前正在发生的事件或出现的情况。
2. 描述或表达他人或自己的计划、打算。
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握consider; means; experience; equipment; normal; similarity; particular; combine get away from; watch out; protect sb./sth. from; see sb. off; on the other hand; as well as; at the same time; for pleasure;等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握同位语从句的用法； what引导名词性从句的用法；现在进行时的用法；
3. 会用英语谈论送别朋友和旅游等方面的话题。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use
consider 的用法:
(1) consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
I am considering changing my job. 我正在考虑改变以下我的工作。
(2) consider sb +不定式的适当形式 认为／觉得某人……
He is considered to have finished his homework, for he is playing on the playground.
(3) It is/was considered that- clause 认为……
It is considered that he has finished his homework, for he is playing on the playground.
派生词：consideration n. 考虑
considering prep. 考虑到，鉴于
considerable adj. 相当大的
considerate adj. 体贴人的
The question is worthy of consideration.
这个问题值得考虑。
She is very active, considering her age.
考虑到她的年龄，她很活跃了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相当多的人反对政府这一政策。
She is considerate towards others.
她很体贴别人。
相关归纳：
(1) take sth into consideration=account 考虑
When marking Tom’s exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改汤姆的试卷时，老师考虑到了他长时间的生病。
(2) under consideration 在考虑中
The whole plan is under consideration.
(3)out of consideration 未加考虑
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事实未考虑到。
注意：以下短语都可以理解为把A看作B
(1) treat … as …
Why do you treat the matter as a joke
你为什么把这件事当作儿戏
(2) regard …as…
All the patients regard him as a good doctor.
所有的病人都认为他是一名出色的医生
(3) consider…(as)…
Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.
亚伯拉罕林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一
(3) think of…as…
She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
她认为班长是班上最聪明的学生
(4) look on / upon…as…
They look on others’ difficulties as their own.
他们把别人的困难当成自己的困难
(6) take/have…as…
He always has her as his real mother.
他一直把她当作自己的母亲
(7) view… as…
He viewed your beating his dog as the attack on it’s owner.
他把你打狗视作是对主人的攻击。
2. Adventure travel is becoming more and more popular
Bob is going with me to the airport.
现在进行时
(1) 描述或表达目前正在发生的事件或出现的情况。
Did you move into your new houses
No, it is being painted.
(2) 表示说话的时候正在进行并且有可能持续的将来某一个时间之前。
I am helping out until the new secretary arrives. (帮忙这个动作现在正在进行并且持续到新秘书的到来。)
我在这里帮忙一直到新秘书的到来。
(3) 描述或表达他人或自己的计划、打算。现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用。We’re spending next winter in Australia.
我们将在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。
How many of you are making the trip
你们中有多少人去旅行？
We’re having a party in our house tonight.
今晚我们在家里开茶话会。
(4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
He is always helping people.
他总是帮助别人。（赞扬）
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
她总是向人借钱而忘记还人家。（不满）
(5)am/is/are+ being +adj. 表示说话时正表现出来的特征。am/is/are + adj. 表示经常的、一贯的特征，是一般现在时的用法。
He is naughty. 是指他经常淘气。
“The boy is asking his mother to buy him a new toy.””
“oh. He is being naughty.”
那个男孩正缠着母亲给他买一个新的玩具。
哦，他正在耍淘气。（是指说话时正表现出来的特征）
注意：不用进行时的词有:
(1) 系动词: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。
(2) 表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。
(3) 非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter, accept, receive等。
(4) 表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。
3. Watch out for dangers, such as spiders.
watch out 当心；注意
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
相关归纳：
(1) watch out =look out=be careful=take care
(2) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心
You must always watch out for the traffic here!
(3) watch over 照看；看守；负责
The mother bird is watching over her young.
4. Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
protect v. 主要义项有：保护；防护。
相关归纳：
(1)protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保护……使不受
(2) prevent/ stop /keep sb from doing 在主动语态中prevent/ stop短语中from的可以省略而在主动语态中keep短语中的不可以省略；在被动语态均from不可省略
Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack.
已经派出军队保护救援人员免遭袭击。
They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.
他们挤在一起，免受风吹。
He was wearing sun-glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.
他戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的伤害。
It’s soldiers’ duty to protect our country against attack.
保护国家免遭侵略是士兵的职责。
5. Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few day’s time.
separate的用法
派生词:
separation n. [U]分开，分离 separately adv. 单个地；分别地
相关归纳：
(1) separate A from B 把A和B分开
Brought up in town, the boy finds it difficult to separate a poplar from a willow.
那男孩是在城里长大的,所以觉得很难区别杨树和柳树。
(2) A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开／阻隔
The two communities are separated by a highway.
这两个社区由一条公路隔开。
(3) get separated 分散
They got separated in the crowded theater.
在拥挤的戏院里他们走散了。
注意：separate; divide; part 的区别
(1) separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。
Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you
把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗
(2)divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。
The whole class was divided into six groups.
整个班级被分为六组。
(3)part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。
They parted in London.
他们在伦敦分了手。
The clouds parted and the sun shone.
云层散开,太阳照耀着。
6. Is anybody seeing you off
see sb. off中off是副词，代词宾语必须放在off前边，名词作宾语则可以位于off前或后。
相关归纳：
(1) see about sth.(=deal with sth.)处理/安排某事
(2) see sth./sb. through 把某个任务、事情等进行到底, 帮助...渡过(困难等)
We will see you through the difficulty.我们会帮助你渡过难关。
We will see the work through despite the difficulty.
（3）see through sb./sth.看透某人/某事
The policeman saw through his false alibi.
警察识破他不在场的伪证。
（4）see sth. in sb./sth.看上/看中某人/某事某一点
I see the future of our country in all of you.
我在你们每个人身上看到了祖国的未来。
(5)seeing that(=since)鉴于，由于，因为
Seeing that we have no money, we can’t eat in the restaurant.
由于我们没有钱，所以我们不能在这家餐馆吃饭了。
(6)see to负责；照顾；处理，料理
I have a lot of letters to see to.
我有很多信件要处理。
(7) see to it that…确保
You must see to it that all the lights are turned off.
你必须确保所有的灯都关掉了。
7. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。
该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。
He publishes as well as prints his own books.
他的书是他自己印刷出版的。
As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.
他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.
你不可能叫她既照顾孩子又做家务。
相关归纳：
(1) as well as和什么一样好 well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词 同级比较结构。
He plays as well as, if not better than, Jack.
(2)as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"not only … but also..."。
(3) as well as连接两个并列成分做主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海伦和我一样急于要看演出。
(4) as well as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了……之外，还有”；相当于"besides，apart from"。
(5) as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。
He is a professor and writer as well.
他是一位教授，也是一位作家。
(6). may / might as well do sth 表示“还是……的好”。指现在或将来的情况。
may / might as well have done sth 表示“还是……的好”。指过去的情况。
It is going to rain; you may as well stay at home.
If you’re going to the library, I might as well go with you；I have to return this book.
如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还书。
When we were on holiday last week, it rained for 6 days, so we may / might as well have stayed at home.
上周当我们外出度假的时候下了六天的雨，因此我们还不如呆在家里为好。
8. People also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other parts of the world or simple to get away from cold weather.
(1) get away (from)
摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.
走开；离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.
逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
拿走 Get all these party dishes away!
回避 You can’t get away from the fact that he is a distinguished actor.
(2) experience的用法
① 名词 “经历” 可数名词
Our journey by camel was quite an experience. 骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。
② 名词 “经验” 不可数名词
As a teacher with 5 years’ experience, she is good at making friends with her students.
作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人，她擅长和她的学生交朋友。
③ 作及物动词时，意为“经历；经受；遭受；体验”近义词为 go through; undergo
Our country has experienced great changes in the past 10 years.
④ know/learn sth. by/from experience 凭经验知道；从经验中学习
I know from experience what he did was of great importance.
⑤ be experienced in/at… 某方面有经验
The local people are quite experienced in/at finding underground springs.
派生词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
9. You can also go for a hiking in the city.
go for (1)=go out for 去从事某种活动
go for a swim/walk/drive 去游泳、散步、兜风
(2)请来某人或拉来某物
The boy is serious ill; shall I go for a doctor
(3)去追求某事物
He tried to go for the high jump world record.
(4)适合于=be true of
Britain has a high rate of unemployment, the same goes for many other western countries。
英国有较高的失业率同样的情况适合于很多别的西方国家。
go in for 喜欢； 从事于
He goes in for English, while I like Physics.
他喜欢英语然而我喜欢物理。
10. As with hiking, you should always think about your safety
As with hiking 为省略说法，相当于As is the case with hiking ,as 引起定语从句，带有方式意味，常译为“正如”，其后还可以接过去分词，如as expected(不出所料)。
As with running, Learning English needs will.
学习英语跟跑步一样都需要毅力。
As with many middle schools, our school pays more and more attention to English teaching.
像许多中学一样，我们学校越来越注重英语教学。
11. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.
=You should not go rafting if you don’t know how to swim.
如果你不会游泳，你就不要去乘筏漂流。
unless引导的条件状语从句：
(1). unless的否定含义：unless=if not；
（2）. unless引导的状语从句中的时态：用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
（3）当从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并含有be 动词时，从句的主语与be动词可以一块省去，如unless invited是unless I’m invited的简略形式,if not是if I’m not invited的简略形式.
I won’t attend the party unless invited=(if not invited).
如没有被邀请，我不会去参加聚会。
We’ll go for a picnic this weekend unless it rains.
=We’ll go for a picnic if it does not rain.
如果天不下雨，本周末我们将去野餐。
He won’t go there unless invited.
=He won’t go there if he is not invited.
若接不到邀请，他是不会去那儿的。
You won’t get paid for time off unless you have a doctor’s note.
除非你有医生的证明，否则你不上班便拿不到工资。
12. You will get close to nature and take exercise at the same time.
(1) get close to=get near to
走进；靠近 Get close to nature and have fun .
(2)接近；差一点=narrowly miss后接动名词
He got close to being killed in the traffic accident.
在那次交通事故中他险些被撞死。
(3)nature
派生词: natural adj.自然的 naturally adv 自然地
相关归纳：
(1)be true to nature 逼真的
The picture is true to nature.
这幅画非常逼真。
(2) second to nature 学得的近乎天生或本性的事物
After a while, driving is second to nature to you.
一会儿之后，开车对你就是一件非常容易的事情了。
(3) be against nature
(4)by nature 生来
13. —You see you can do it. 你看，你可以做得很好。
—I hope so. 我希望如此。
so的替代作用
so表示“这样，如此”时，可用来替代整个句子或某一情况的全部，常与think, expect, hope, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等动词及形容词afraid连用。
—Do you think we’ll have good weather this weekend？
你认为周末天气会好吗？
—I hope so.我希望如此。
—Is he seriously ill？他病得很重吗？
—I’m afraid so.恐怕是的。
注意：
(1) 把suppose so, think so, imagine so等结构变为否定式有两种方法：可用动词的否定结构，或用not替代so。
—Do you think it’ll be fine this Saturday？
你认为这周六天气会好吗？
—I don’t suppose so.（或I suppose not.）我想不会好的。
(2) hope, guess, be afraid 的否定结构只有一种
—Do you think he will be angry when he sees this broken vase？
你认为当他看到这破碎的花瓶，他会生气吗？
—I hope not.（hope的否定结构只有这一种）
我希望不会。
14. The name whitewater comes from the fact that… 同位语从句的用法
.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等
There is no doubt that the price of cars will go down.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(不能用if)
He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
The question who should go abroad requires consideration.
I have no idea which one I should choose.
I’ve got a pretty good idea why they left early.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
(1)从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语或宾语等句子成分。
(2) 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。
(3)同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，做主语也不可省略。
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. （同位语从句）
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. （定语从句）
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. （定语从句）
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：instead of 代替……
(1) instead of + n. / pron.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
(2) instead of + doing
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
(3) instead of + 介词短语
He studies in the evening instead of during the day.
[比较]
(1) instead adv. 作为替代，代替
If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.
(2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked.
(3) in place of 代替，……而不用
The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
重点/热点2：means
means手段，方法.作名词讲时一定要注意单复数同形
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。
相关归纳：
(1)by means of 用，依靠
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望
(2)by all means 一定，务必; 当然
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
-May I stay at home from school 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？
---By all means.当然可以 。
(3)by no means 决不，并未
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。
(4) by this/that means通过这种或那种方法
Only by this means can you succeed.
只有用这个方法你才能成功。
注意：means, method, way, approach的区别
(1)means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，一般与介词by搭配即：by this/that means。means 后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语
(2)way是最普通常用的词，一般与介词in搭配即：in this/that way。way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语
The way he thought of to solve the problem is reasonable.= The way he thought of of solving the problem is reasonable.
他想出的解决这个问题的方法是合理的。
(3)method 强调强调系统的理论的方法，一般与介词with搭配即：with this/that method。method后接of doing sth. 做定语
Our teacher always changes his teaching methods to make his lessons interesting.
为了让他的可更有吸引力我们的老师经常改变教学方法。
(4) approach 常指解决问题或取得成功的方法。Approach 后只接to+ n.或 to + doing sth. 做定语。
The only approach to solving the problem is to turn to others for help.
解决这个问题的唯一办法是向别人求助。
易混易错点1：what引导的名词性从句用法列析
What引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分。what＝the thing(s) that或somebody that
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. （在从句作中主语）
That’s what he is worried about.（what＝the thing that在从句作中宾语）
I have no idea what I should do next. （在从句作中宾语）
He is no longer what he used to be（what=the person that在从句作中表语）
注意：what与that的区别
引导主、宾、表语和同位语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
变式1. ---How much longer _____ here
---- Another three days.
A. are you staying B. do you stay C. have you stayed D. did you stayed
变式2. “Do you live in the city ”
“No. I ____ here until my holiday is over.”
A. will visit B. has visited C. am visiting D .visited
变式3.--You are drinking too much.
No one ____ me but you. It is at home.
A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. saw
变式4.The teacher think highly of Tom who _____others.
A. helps B. always helps
C. is always helping D. always helped
解析： 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。答案：D
变式1. 现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用. 答案：A
变式2.该题考查现在进行时的“表示说话的时候正在进行并且有可能持续的将来某一个时间之前。”这一中用法。答案C.
变式3. 有些动词不用于现在进行时其中包括表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。答案：A
变式4. 现在进行时与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。答案：C
2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ______ from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away
变式1. He invited me to go for a swim, but I don’t know how to _____it, because I had no time.
A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away
解析：2. get away from:表示离开某地或避开责备,惩罚或灾难而顺利行事.答案：D
变式1.该句意思是“他邀请我去游泳，由于没时间我不想去，但是不知道如何摆脱” get away from在该句中表示避开或回避某事。答案：D
3. Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _____ a few
years ago.
A. what it used to be B. that it used to be
C. which it used to be D. what was it
变式1. He is no longer ___ he used to be. .
A. who B. what C. which D. that
变式2. He is no longer the person ___ he used to be. .
A. who B. what C. which D. that
解析:3. what引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
等句子成分。一定要注意的是what 不引导定语从句所以当空格前有名词做先行词的时候就
一定不会采用what作为答案了。同时在学习的时候要注意what与that 的区别。介词from
后面是一个宾语从句，分析所给的选项可以看出，be应该带有自己的表语意思才能完整这
样B、D两项错误，C项不符合题意。正确答案是：A。
变式1. 该题考查“What引导表位语从句，what在从句中充当表语”这一用法。答案：B
变式2. the person后接了一个定语从句，该定语从句缺少表语，四个选项中能在定语从句中做表语的词只有that. 答案：D
4. Taking a plane is the quickest ____ to get to Tibet.
A. mode B. manner C. means D. method
变式1. The _____ to making great progress is to practice more.
A. approach B. manner C. means D. method
变式2. The way he thought of _____the problem is right.
A. to work out B. working C. to be worked D. having worked
变式3. Every possible means____ tried, but the problem still can’t be settled .
A. was tried B. has been tried C. have been tried D. were tried
解析：4. means, method, way, approach的区别是考查名词区别时经常考查的知识点。要从两个方面掌握它们的用法（1）与什么样的介词搭配；（2）后接什么形式做定语。means是指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，后可接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语，符合题意的选项只有C。
变式1.四个选项中只有approach 后可接to doing sth. 做定语。答案：A
变式2. he thought of 是定语从句，省略之后其实是考查the way 后接什么结果做定语。根据way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语可知答案为A
变式3. means 作名词时单复同形，由于前面有every修饰可以确定该题中means是单数，谓语动词用单数，并且要用现在完成时。答案：B
5. You will succeed in the end ________you give up halfway.
A. even if B .. as though C. as long as D. unless
变式1. They will stay inside unless it _______tomorrow.
A. stops raining B. stops to rain C. will stop raining D .will stop to rain
变式2. You will succeed in the end ________you don’t give up halfway.
A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless
变式3. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _____ it is needed .
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
解析：5. 该题意思是“如果你不半路放弃的话，你就能取得成功。”考查的是unless引导的条件状语从句时unless=if not的用法。答案：D
变式1. unless引导的状语从句时，要用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。答案：A
变式2. 该题意思是“只要你不半路放弃，你就会取得成功。”as long as=so long as “只要” 答案：C
变式3. when可以引导条件状语从句用法与if 相同。再如：When children won’t listen to me, what shall I do 答案：D
6. The news _____ our team was defeated in the final .
A. which B. that C. what D. 不填
变式1. The news _____ he brought is of great importance. Which of the following is wrong
A. which B. that C. what D. 不填
变式2.There is a common belief among the parents _____ schools are no longer careful with students’ handwriting.
A. who B. that C. what D. 不填
解析：1. 同位语从句是重要的考点之一，复习时要抓住以下几个方面：（1）同位语从句一般不缺句子成分；（2）同位语从句的引导词；（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是不可以省略。答案：B
变式1.that引导定语从句时先行词（名词或代词）在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分，这时that等于which, 还可以省略。答案：D
变式2. 该题是考查比较复杂的同位语从句，也就是说同位语从句与名词之间加了among the parents 这样的干扰成份。that引导同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是不可以省略。答案：B
课后题：
1. I got to know from the_____ that most companies would like to employ workers with rich _____.
A. experience; experience B. experiences; experiences
C. experiences; experience D. experience; experiences
2． He is clever, but ________, he makes many mistakes.
A. on other hand B. on the other hand
C. on another hand D. in the other hand
3. Billions of birds of over 270 species go long distances from these places to the Boreal where they raise young in ____ is known as North American Bird Nursery .
A. that B. where C. what D. which
4. ________ away from the noise, he was considering ________ to the country.
A. To be; moving B. Being; moving
C. Being; to move D. To be; to moving
5. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _____- to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
解析：1. 第一空表示经历，第二空表示经验。答案：C
2. on the other hand为另一方面，所以答案为 B
3. in后接了一个名词性从句做宾语，由于该从句缺少主语所以要采用what为答案，也就是说what 不但引导了名词性从句而且在从句中做了主语。答案：C
4. consider 表示考虑时后接动名词所以答案为 A
5. 解析：stand close to 靠近站着.答案：D
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Unit7 Culture relics
考纲要求：
考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语relic; pyramid; represent; include; ruin; burn; restore; portrait; recreate; unite; period; damage; project; brick; official; cave; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bring…back to life; pull down; set up;
2. 句型
Where there is a river, there is a city.
where 引导地点状语从句
Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modem heroes of Russia. 形容词作状语
We would do everything we can to save our city.表示“竭尽全力”的说法
3. 语法：现在完成时的被动语态
复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握represent; include; ruin; recreate; period; damage; project; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bring…back to life; pull down; set up; 等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握 where 引导的三种从句的用法；形容词做状语的用法；以及现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.
represent的用法：
(1)描绘,(抽象地)表现
This picture represents a scene at King Arthur's court.
这幅画描绘了亚瑟王法庭的一个场面。
(2) 象征;表示
The dove represents peace.
鸽子象征和平。
(3) 作为...的代表
They said that they represented the committee.
他们说他们代表该委员会。
(4)有代表;有代表作
All the different races of the country were represented at the parade.
游行中有该国各种族的代表。
The museum had several paintings representing the artist's early style.
博物馆中有几幅画家早期风格的代表作。
2. You may also include a short message
include的用法：包括；包含；使成为……的一部分
I think you'll find the plan includes most of your suggestions.
我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。
Your duties will include putting the children to bed.
哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。
相关归纳：
（1）sb./ sth. included= sb./sth. counted“被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义
（2）including sb./ sth. =counting sb./ sth. “包括”用在名词之前，表主动意义
All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.
所有的人，包括我在内，都看过这本书。
Six people were killed in the riot(暴乱), including a policeman.
注意：include 与contain 的区别
（1）强调整体中包含什么部分。
Ten people went to Beijing, including Tom and me.
（2）强调事物本身含有什么，指的是事物的构成。着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。
The cigarette contains a lot of nicotine.
3. Where there is a river, there is a city.
有河流的地方，就有城市。
在这个句子中，where 引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有……的地方，就有……”。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well.
阳光和水充足的地方，庄稼就长得好。
Go where he tells you to go.
他让你到哪儿，你就到哪儿。
注意：
where 引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别
where引导状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where也不能换成“介词+which”。
where 引导定语从句时，其前面有名词做先行词，where 可以换成“介词 + which"。
Make marks where you have any questions. (状语从句)
Make marks at the places where you have any questions. (定语从句)
在你有问题的地方做上标记。
3. It was under attack for 900 days., but the people of the city never gave in.
(1) .under +名词表示正在…或处于某种状态中
①under attack受到攻击
The police came under attack from all sides.
警察遭到来自四面八方的攻击。
②under arrest在关押中
③under consideration在考虑中
Your plan is under consideration.
你的计划正在考虑中。
④under construction在建设中
The building is under construction.
大楼正在建设中。
⑤under discussion在讨论中
The problem is under discussion.
这个问题正在讨论中。
⑥under repair在修理中
The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.
这条公路正在维修，禁止机动车辆通行。
⑦under review在检查中
⑧under treatment在医治中
under investigation在调查中批评
⑨under study.在研究中
The subject is under study.这个课题正在研究着。
⑩under contact在联系中
(2) give in
①give in vi. 让步；屈服；投降；勉强同意；交上
He would rather die than give in.
他宁死不屈。
Please give your work in before Monday.
请在星期一之前把作业交上来
Believe in yourself and never give in.
相信你自己，别屈服。
②give in to… vt. 向…让步，迁就
The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.
当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步迹象。
The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy.
这个士兵没有向敌人屈服。
③give up ( sth. / doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.） 放弃，不再做（某事）
They gave up without a fight.
他们不战而降。
She doesn’t give up easily.
她绝不轻易认输。
④give off 送出或发出某物
The room is giving off a funny smell.
房间里冒出股怪味。
⑤give sth./ sb. away背弃；出卖；泄漏；暴露；赠送；泄露
They are giving away prizes at the new store.
新开张的商店在送赠品。
He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
⑥give out 用完，消耗尽；分发
After a month their food supplies gave out.
过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。
The teacher gave out the examination papers.
老师分发了考试卷。
⑦give back 还给；归还；使恢复
My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed.
我朋友归还了他借的工具。
The operation gave him back the use of his legs.
手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。
⑧give sb. a hand 帮某人的忙
Give me a hand with this table.
帮我搬这张桌子。
⑨give way(to) 屈服于；给...让路,为...所代替
Don't Give Way to the Temptation of Easy Profit
不要屈服于利益的诱惑。
4. St Petersburg was almost in ruins.
in ruins成为废墟;落空
(1) in 表示某人（某事物）的状态或状况，常用于以下词组中：
in order 整齐 in a mess 凌乱 in good repair保养良好
in a hurry 匆忙地 in poverty 在贫困中 in poor healthy 健康欠佳
in anger 愤怒地 in pieces 成碎片，破碎 in trouble 陷入麻烦
in danger 陷入危险 in rags 衣衫褴褛 in tears 泪眼婆娑
(2) in 可表示“穿（戴）”
He is dressed in white.他身着白色服装。
(3)in 表示手段、材料等
The article was written in ink.
这篇文章是用钢笔写的。
Please speak in a loud voice.
请大声说出来。
(4)in 表示“在某方面，至于”
It is a country rich in minerals.
它是一个矿藏丰富的国家。
He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic.
他在阅读方面比别人落后，但在算术方面遥遥领先。
It is three feet in length.
它的长度是三英尺。
(5)表示在某人身上发现的或具有的某种内在品质的东西。
I find the future of our country in all of you.
我在你们身上看到了祖国的未来。
I find a true friend in him.
我在他身上发现了一个真正的朋友。
5. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russian
形容词做状语表伴随，原因，等位置可置于句首，也可以置于句末。
形容词作状语的情况
形容词除了常见的在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语外，也可像副词一样在句中作状语。
(1)原因
Overjoyed，he rushed out of the house．
极其兴奋，他冲出了家门。
Much interested，he agreed to give it a try．
由于非常感兴趣，他同意一试。
Afraid of difficulties，they prefer to take the easy road．
害怕困难，他们更愿意走这条容易的路。
(2)伴随或方式
He spent 7 days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry．
他在暴风雪中度过了7天既冷又饿。
Helpless，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes．
我们绝望地看着房子在我们面前被烧毁。
6. The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings.
breathe vt. 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出。
breath n. 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出的空气。
He breathed deeply before speaking again.
他深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。
He opened his mouth and took a deep breath.
他张开嘴深深地吸了一口气。
相关归纳：
（1）hold one’s breath（由于激动、害怕等）不出声；屏息
Hold your breath or he will find us.
屏住呼吸, 否则他会发现我们的。
（2）out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来
He said out of breath that the boy was killed by the bus.
他气喘吁吁地说那个男孩被车撞死了。
After 5 miles’ walk, we were all out of breath.
走了5英里之后我们都上气不接下气。
（3）take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝
My first view of the picture took my breath away.
我第一次看到这这幅画时，叹赏不已。
7. Second, the number of visitors should be limited.
limit的用法
派生词:
limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无穷尽的，无限的
相关归纳：
(1)go beyond / over the limit 超过限度
(2)limit sb./sth. to 使人或物限制在一个范围内
I shall limit myself to the three aspects of the problem.
我仅对这个问题的三个方面做陈述。
You should limit your speech to 15 minutes.
你必须把你的讲话限制在15分钟内。
（3)a limit to sth. 对什么的限制
There is a limit to the length of your staying here.
对于你在这里能停留的时间有个限制。
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：We will do everything we can to save our city!
该句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。
“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”的表达方法：
(1) sb.do what one can to do
(2) sb.do everything/ all （that）one can to do
(3) do/try one’s best to do
(4) make every effort to do sth.=make the greatest effort to do sth.
(5) spare no efforts to do sth.
Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do what she could to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do all/everything she can to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do/try her best to help him.
= Whenever he met with difficulty, she would make every effort to help him.
= Whenever he met with difficulty, she would spare no efforts to help him.
每当他遇到困难时，她总是尽她所能去帮助他。
易混易错点1：so far 迄今为止；到目前为止(多与现在完成时连用)
We haven’t heard from Tom so far.
到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。
相关归纳：
（1）by far常用来修饰比较级或最高级，放在比较级后、最高级前，但是要注意的是如果比较级前有the时by far要放在the 前。
The last of these reasons is by far the most important.
这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
I feel better by far today.
今天我感觉好多了。
（2）as far as the eye can/could see极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
（3）as far as I know就我所知
As far as I know, the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world.
据我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。
（4）as far as I can remember（see, tell, etc）尽我所记得的；依我看
As far as I can see, he will help you.
依我看，他会帮助你的。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember.
根据我记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。
（5）as far as sb./ sth. be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.
就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
变式1.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____
A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up
解析：1.本题考查在特定语境中对短语动词的辨异和使用能力。准确把握各选项中短语动词的意思是关键。give away意为“泄露（机密），捐赠”;give out意为“分发；用完、耗尽”;give up意为“放弃”;give off意为“发出（光、热、气味等）”。本题意思是：“不要在故事开头就提到那事，否则便将惊人的结局暴露了。”只有give away符合题意，故选A项。答案：A
变式1. 该题意思是“当世界上所有的石油都用完的时候，我们用什么作为能量呀？”
give out指“分发,放出,用光”, put out指“生产,出版,扑灭,提供”, hold out“举起,阻挡,使停顿”, use up“耗尽,耗费”。根据句意这里表示“耗尽,用光”,容易仅根据句意而误选D.但如果用 use up,需要用被动语态; give out表示“耗尽,用光”时是不及物的,不用被动语态.答案:A
2.----I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock.
----Oh, _____ I won’t wait.
A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way
变式1.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ______ I have to wait.
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
变式2. Press the red button _____ fire.
A. in case B. in need of C. in case of D. for fear of
解析：2. 从语境中可理解题意为“要是那样的话，我就不等了”。答案：C
变式1. 由句意可知“当我去医务室时总要带上点东西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “为了”。答案:A
变式2. 该句意思是“万一发生火灾的话，按那个红色的按钮。”由于fire是名词所以该空必须填介词in case of。 答案：C
3. A lot of equipment ______so far.
A. is damaged B. had damaged C. has been damaged D. was damaged
变式1.---How is your sister
---Oh, she is better _____.
A. so far B. by far C. as far D. far
变式2.______ I can see, you should devote yourself to your studies.
A. so far B. by far C. As far as D. As long as
变式3.Though they were poor, the boy’s parents supported him _____ they could.
A. as far as B. as long as C. as possible as D. as long as
解析：3. 从主谓关系判断，该句应使用被动语态,又因为含有so far这样的时间状语所以谓语动词用现在完成时的被动形式。答案：C
变式1. by far（常用来修饰比较级或最高级，用以加强语气）大大的；放在比较级后、最高级前，但是要注意的是如果比较级前有the时by far要放在the 前。如：He is by far the better of the two brothers. 综上分析可知答案选B
变式2. 考查固定搭配“as far as I can remember（see, tell etc）尽我所记得的；依我看”所以答案应该选A
变式3.该句意思是“尽管他们比较穷，但是那个孩子的父亲尽他们所能去支持他。”as far as 可以表达尽某人所能，所以答案选A.
4. _____ there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well.
A. Where B. In which C. That D. In the place
变式1. He went to New York in 2000, _________ only two years later, he became a millionaire.
A．when B．which C．that D．where
变式2. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _____ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much”.
A. that B. to which C. in which D. which
变式3.I need some facts _____ to base my theory.
A. where B. on which C. in place where D. in the place
变式4. Make marks ____ you don’t understand.
A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place
变式5.Go and bring back your bike .It is ____ you laid it.
A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place
解析：4. 在这个句子中，where 引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有……的地方，就有……”。所以答案为A
变式1. 该题考查where引导的非限制性定语从句这一知识点。Where 引导了定语从句又在从句中做了状语，所以答案为D。
变式2. 该题考查where引导的定语从句时可以等于prep. + which这一知识点。where=to which 引导了定语从句又在从句中做了状语，所以答案为B。
变式3.该题考查“prep. + which+不定式”放在名词后作定语这一知识点。由于这一结构不是定语从句所以prep. + which一定不能转换成where. 答案：B
变式4. 由于空格前面无先行词，所以这是一个where引导的状语从句，这时 where不能换成“介词+which”。答案：A
变式5. 由于空格前面无先行词，所以这是一个where引导的表语从句，这时 where不能换成“介词+which”。答案：A
5. Ten students went to the cinema, Tom and Jack ______.
A. include B. including C. included D. counting
变式1. As is known to us all, cigarettes ____ a lot of nicotine.
A. include B. including C. contain D. hold
变式2. How much you read doesn’t matter; what you read _____ .
A. include B. count C. contain D. hold
变式3. The hall can ______ three thousand people.
A. include B. be seated C. contain D. hold
解析：5. included“被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义。答案：C
变式1. contain着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。答案：C
变式2.该句的意思是“你读了多少并不重要，重要的是你读了什么内容。” count在这里的意思是“关系重要”答案：B
变式3. 该句意思是“这个礼堂能容纳3000人。”contain是指容器里能容纳多少气体、液体等。某一个建筑物能容纳多少人可用seat, hold和admit 来表达，但要注意不能用于被动语态。所以答案为D.
6. Mark said his English was so ____ that he wasn't too sure about some of the idioms.
A. limit B. limited C. limiting D. limitless
变式1. You must limit yourself _____ the three respects of the problem.
A. in B. to C. for D. among
解析:：6. limited是limit的过去分词，意思是“有限的”。 答案:B
变式1. limit 的搭配之一是：limit……to …… 所以答案为B
课后题：
1. After the war, a new school building was set up __________there had once been a temple.
A. in which B. where C. which D. when
2. After the war, a new school building was put up _____there had once been a theatre.
A that B where C which D .when
3. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ______.
A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged
4. The days we have been looking forward to _______ soon.
A. coming B. will come
C. came D. have come
5. A fast-food restaurant is the place _______，just as the name suggests，eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
1. 解析: where引导地点状语从句。此处不是定语从句，故A项不正确。答案: B
2.可以排除A、C项，因为他们在句子中不能充当状语。D项的when 不能于过去完成时连用。答案: B
3.设备与破坏之间是被动关系并且动作已经发生所以应选D.答案：D
4. 此句中的定语从句包含短语look forward to，虽然to为介词，但并不影响主句的谓语动词，它只是一个陷阱而已。又根据句中的soon，应用将来时，故选B项。答案：B
5. 句中just as the name suggests是插入语，把它去掉后发现是由where引导的定语从句，先行词为the place。答案：B
课后练习题
A组：
1. It’s better to keep a little for the night _______need.
A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of
2. It ______ almost every day so far this month.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained
3. Blackmail（敲诈）is something that should never be______； but that’s easier said than done.
A. given up B. given in C. given up to D. given in to.
4.You should make it a rule to leave things ____you can find them again.
A. when B. where
C. then D. which
5.The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever
C. where D. wherever
6. He's got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which
C. while D. why
7. I’m sorry I _____ your book; I only did it _____, I didn’t mean _____ trouble.
A. hide; for fun; to cause B. hid; in fun; to cause
C. hide; in fun; causing D. hid; for fun; causing
8 He told us _____ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, _____ wasn’t too expensive.
A. that; that B. what; which C. that; which D. what; that
9. In the past people in the country couldn’t _______ to buy bus tickets when they wanted to go to the city.
A. pay B. spend C. share D. afford
10. The knife and fork that ______ closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ______ beside them.
A. are; one B. are; ones C. is; it D. is; one
11. ---I’m sorry for stepping on your foot.
--- _______.
A. No, it’s my fault B. That’s all right
C. You didn’t hurt me D. Yes, don’t worry about it
12. I really felt _______ by his _______ words. His words are really ______ to me.
A. surprised; surprising; surprise B. surprising; surprised; a surprise
C. surprised; surprised; surprising D. surprised; surprising; a surprise
13. The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
14. ---Please ______ me for ______ you for a while.
--- ______.
A. forgive; interrupting; That’s OK B. excuse; interrupt; that’s all right
C. forgive; stopping; Yes D. excuse; stopping; I’m so sorry
15. When drinking ______ someone’s health, you ______ your glasses, but the glasses should not ______.
A. for; rise; touch B. to; raise; touch
C. with; raise; be touched D. to; rise; be touched
解析：
1.in case of 万一发生……答案：D
2.so far 到目前为止，与完成时连用。答案：D
3. give in to 向…让步 ，迁就 答案：C
4. where引导地点状语从句。答案: B
5. where在此引导一个状语从句。答案C
6. where在此引导一个定语从句。where在引导定语从句时，必须有先行词，where在定语从句中充当状语，在此题中where表示“在……状况下”。答案：A
7.由分号并列两个句子，前句应用过去时。for fun 意为“为了高兴，为了好玩”。mean to do something 表示“打算做某事”，mean doing something 表示“意味着……”。答案：B
8. 第一空用that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不做成分。第二空which引导定语从句，修饰trip。答案：C
9. couldn’t afford to buy买不起。 答案：D
10．由于句中谓语动词为are，因此定语从句中的谓语动词与the knife and fork应一致，这里的the knife and fork指餐桌上用的所有刀和叉，是复数。所以后面一空也应是复指代词ones。答案：B
11． 根据习惯表达法，当对方向你道歉了，你应当有礼貌地应答。只有“That’s all right.”表示“没关系”。 答案：B
12． surprised意为“感到吃惊的”，表示人对某事的反应。surprising意为“令人惊奇的”，表示事物本身所具有的特征。surprise 表示“惊奇” 时为不可数名词，而表示“惊人的事物”时为可数名词。答案：D
13．由所给题中不难看出，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，并且修饰整个句子。答案：C
14． forgive somebody for doing something表示“原谅某人做的某事”。打扰某人应用interrupt，指“中途暂时的打断”，而不用stop（强调动作的结束，或动作不再延续）。答案：A
15． drink to表示“为……干杯（祝酒）”，raise为及物动词，意为“举起”，而rise为不及物动词，意为“上升；起身”，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。答案：B
单词拼写：
1.Six people were killed in the riot(暴乱), ______(包括)a policeman.
2.My first view of the island from the air took my (呼吸)away.
3.A hotel room is being （准备）for them.
4.We are making （准备） for the harvest.
5.She painted landscapes as well as . （肖像）
6.The earthquake caused great （损害）
7.She was horrified by all the （污染）on the beach.
8.The mayor is an elected （官员）
9.They said that they （代表） the committee
10. The heavy rain （破坏） our holiday last weekend.
1. including 2. breath 3. prepared 4. preparations 5. portraits
6. damage 7. pollution 8. official 9. represented 10. ruined
B组：
汉译英
1. 包括元旦在内，我有三天假。
2. 大多数人没有意识到自己正在呼吸被污染的空气
3. 五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
4. 她把国家的机密泄露给了敌人。
5. 到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。
6. 这座桥正在修建中，开车过不去。
7. 我们的作业已经完成了，所以我们能出去玩了。
8. 到目前为止我们的钱已经被用完了。
答案：
1. I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day.
2. Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air.
3. We were out of breath after only five minutes.
4. She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
5. We haven’t heard from Tom so far.
6. The bridge is under construction. We can’t drive through it.
7. Our homework has been finished, and we can go out to play.
8. Our money has been used up so far.
改错题：
1. The car is in repair. You can’t use it now.
2. I got five presents, included the one you gave me.
3. We came here, out of the breath.
4. He won’t give in other people.
5. We haven’t met Tom by far.
6. The price has cut down, so all the people are all glad.
7. The water has been ran out so far.
8. It is good to breath fresh country air instead of city smoke.
9. He will do everything he can escape from the fire.
10. The teacher worried about that the exam might be too difficult for his students.
答案：1. in 改为 under 2. included改为including 3. the 去掉 4 in后加to
5. by改为so 6. has 后加been 7. out 后加of 8. breath改为 breathe
9. can后加to 10. about去掉
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Unit 6 Good manners
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语interrupt; apology; apologize; fault; introduce; forgive; culture; manners; impression; behave; roll; dessert; custom; course; raise; advice; spirit; mix; extra; stare.； be afraid to do sth.; can’t help doing; together with; leave out; stare at; make jokes about sb.; mean to do; mean doing; start with; ask for.
2. 句型
It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主语
I guess it wasn’t really your fault, was it 主从句的反意疑问句
You are looking two seats to sit down, but there are none. 如何表示数量上没有
I am sorry, I didn’t mean to 表示道歉的方法
When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the desert. 省略的用法
How about you 如何询问对方的情况
Having good table manners means knowing, 动名词做主语的用法
3. 语法：The Attributive Clause(Ⅲ)
(1)能够用英语描述人物、事件、时间、地点、原因等---使用限制性定语从句。
(2)能够用英语对特定的人物、事件、时间、地点等做补充说明---使用非限制性定语从句。
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握interrupt; apology; apologize; fault; introduce; forgive; manners; impression; behave; custom; course; raise; advice; spirit; extra; stare.； be afraid to do sth.; can’t help doing; together with; leave out; stare at; make jokes about sb.; mean to do; mean doing; start with; ask for等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握It 做形式主语的用法；动名词做主语的用法；主从句的反意疑问句的表达方法和如何询问对方的情况等用法。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. Excuse me, may I interrupt you for a moment
(1)interrupt的用法vt, vi
1 阻断；中断
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries.
战争中断了两国间的贸易。
Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.
市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。
②打岔；插嘴
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
Don’t interrupt; let him go on speaking. 别插嘴，让他继续说。
派生词：
(1) interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者
(2) interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物
注意：interrupt, disturb与bother的区别
(1)interrupt意为“打断，使……中断”常含有主动之意。
She interrupted me to ask a question.
她打断我的话，问我一个问题。
（2）disturb则意为“打扰，使……不安”。
Alight wind disturbed the surface of the lake.
微风吹拂湖面。
(3）bother 指使人烦恼而引起的不安或感到不耐烦，也可指“麻烦”。
Will it bother you if I turn on the TV
我开电视不会吵着你吧？
(2). moment的搭配：
① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上
You can turn to me for help at any moment.
在任何时候你都可以向我求助。
2 at the last moment 在最后关头
At the last moment, he gave up.
在最后关头，他放弃了。
③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时
At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。
④ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上
He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。
⑤ for a moment 片刻
For a moment he didn’t know what to do.
有一会儿他不知道该怎么做。
⑥ the moment(that)... 一……就……
2. What does Bill say to apologize for losing the bike
apologize的用法
派生词：apology n. 辩解，道歉
I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night.
昨天晚上我太粗暴,应该向你道歉。
相关归纳 ：
(1) apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology to sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
He apologized to her for not going to her party.
= He made an apology to her for not going to her party.
他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
(2) apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
When the teacher scolded her, she began to apologize for herself.
当老师责备她的时候，她开始为自己辩护。
3. I guess it wasn’t really your fault, was it
当陈述部分是主从复句时，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致，而不是和从句中的动词和主语保持一致。
They know that he is from England, don’t they
It was the first time that I had seen such an interesting film， wasn’t
He fell off the horse when a dog ran in front of them suddenly, didn’t he
但是在宾语从句中当主句部分是表示第一人称的主观看法时，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和从句中的动词和主语保持一致，而不是和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。
I think you are from America, aren’t you
I believe he can do it well, can’t he
4. You ask him to introduce you to the man.
introduce的用法 vt.
(1)介绍,引见(introduce sb. to sb.)
It was my younger brother who introduced me to jazz.
是我的弟弟介绍我听爵士乐的。
Allow me to introduce my friend Miss Wood to you.
允许我向你介绍我的朋友伍德小姐。
(2)引进;传入;采用(introduce sth. to sth. )
Coffee was introduced into England from the Continent.
咖啡是从欧洲大陆传入英国的。
(3)提出;制定;推行
The vice chairman of the committee introduced a topic for discussion.
委员会副主席提出议题供大家讨论。
(4)作为...的开始;引出
He introduced his speech with an anecdote.
他说了一则轶闻作为讲话的引子。
派生词：
introduction的主要义项有：介绍；引见；引进；推行；序言；引言。
5. You are looking for two seats to sit down with your friends, but there are none.
none的用法：pron.
(1) 一点儿也没;一个也没
I wanted some more cold meat but there was none left.
我想再吃些冷盘肉,可是一点也不剩了。
He had none of his brother's boldness.
他一点都不像他哥哥那样有魄力。
(2)没有任何人(或物)（常与of 短语连用，做主语是谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数）
None of the telephones are/is working.
所有的电话都坏了。
None of them speak(s) English.
他们都不会讲英语。
注意：none与nothing的区别
(1)none强调人或物在某一特定范围内在数量上没有，没有一个。常可以做how many和how much 的答语
—Have you bought any clothes？你买衣服了？
—None．一件也没买。
---How many tigers did you see in the zoo
---None.
(2)nothing只能指物，表示“没有什么（东西）”强调没有任何东西。它们不可与of短语连用，做主语时谓语动词只能用单数。
There's nothing in the bag．口袋里什么也没有。
6.I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to……
mean的用法
(1) 1. (言词等)表示...的意思；意指,意谓 What do you mean by ……
I realized what he meant.
我明白他的意思了。
By "the cities" I mean the big cities in particular.
我所说的"城市"主要是指大城市。
Don't think I am joking; I mean business.
不要以为我是在开玩笑,我可是当真的。
(2) mean to do 打算做某事
What do you mean to do next 下一步你打算做什么？
I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算给我的女朋友写封信。
I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didn’t mean to.
我知道我伤害了她，但这不是我的本意。
I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.
我本打算向他道歉，但又改变了主意。
(3) mean doing 意味着---
Her smile means being happy. 她的微笑意味着正高兴。
Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 挥手意味着道别。
If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait.
如果这意味着拖延一个星期，我就不等了。
(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做---
I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你给我修自行车。
I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.
我本打算要你早起，但你起晚了。
He meant his son to succeed. 他要他的儿子成功。
(5) 吝啬的,小气的be mean + about/over/with
Her husband is very mean about money.
她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
7. Knowing them will help you make a good impression.
(1)Knowing them动名词做主语。
动名词做主语的相关用法
①动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Walking around in a city is rather tiring.
Raising dogs is his favorite.
喂猪是他最喜欢的事情。
注意：常用it 做形式主语，真正做主语的动名词后置的句型有：
It be no use./ no good/ pointless /a waste of time doing sth.（偶尔也用不定式）
It is a waste of time waiting on.再等下去是没有用的。
做主语的动名词与不定式的区别。
做主语动名词通常指一个抽象动作，而做主语的不定式通常指某一次具体的动作。
It's no use crying over spilt milk，泼水难收，哭也无用（指抽象动作）。
He realized that to go on like this was no use．（指具体动作）
下面结构也用动名词
There +be +no +动名词，含义上相当于it's impossible to do…
There is no telling what he's going to do.
(2) impress 的用法：
派生词：
impression n. 印象 impressive adj. 印象深刻的
相关归纳：
①impress sb with sth.
The girl impressed us with her intelligence and humor.
那个女孩以她的智慧和幽默给我们留下了深刻的印象。
②impress sth. on/upon sb.
The teacher impressed the importance of English on us.
老师让我们深深记住了英语的重要性。
③under the impression that 从句
I am under the impression that he will be here in time.
我认为他会及时赶到的。
④what impressed sb. most is + n.或从句
What impressed me most is their welcome.
给我印象最深刻的是他们的热情欢迎。
8. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the desert.
the small one for the desert是the small one is for the desert的省略。体现了并列句中的省略
并列句中的省略
(1) 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
We raced to the east and they to the west.
我们向东驶去，他们则向西驶去。
He majors in chemistry and I in physics.
他主修化学，我则主修物理。
(2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。
His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
(4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
9. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.
Start with的用法：
(1)start with sth. 以……开始
His illness started with a slight cough.
他的病是从轻微的咳嗽开始的。
He started with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.
他本想损害别人，结果却害了自己。
(2) start sth. with sth. 以什么来开始什么
We started our lesson with an English song.
我们以一首英文歌曲开始了我们的课。
(3)to start with 首先；刚开始的时候（做插入语）
To start with, let me introduce myself.
首先，让我做个自我介绍。
Our company had only six workers at first.
我们公司刚开始的时候只有6个员工。
10. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses.
arise, rise, raise的用法区别：
(1)raise vt.“使……上升；升起；提高；饲养；养大；筹集（款项）；引起;唤起;扬起（灰尘）”等；
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
He raised his glass and said: "Your health, Carl."
他举起了杯子说道:"祝你健康,卡尔。"
The landlord raised my rent.
房东提高了我的租金。
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
风刮起了落叶。
(2)rise vi.“上升；升起上涨；站起身；起床”；
The population of the city has risen to five million.
该市人口已增加到五百万。
He rose and left the room.
他站起身走出屋去。
(3)arise vi. “出现、发生” arise from/ out of 由什么引起
Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.
在他们进行实验的过程中,出现了意想不到的困难。
Between the copartners serious disagreements arose.
合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。
11. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to drink too much.
advise的用法
派生词：
adviser: n 顾问
advisable: adj. 可取的
advice: n. 建议；劝告；忠告；意见l
相关归纳：
（1）+名/代词/动名词
I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
要是想在8月份去旅行，我建议提前购票。
（2）+疑问词+不定式
Can you advise me what to do next
你能建议我下一步怎么办吗？
（3）+名/代词+不定式
Police are advising fans without tickets to stay away.
警察在告诫没有票的球迷离开。
（4）+that从句
They advised that a passport be carried with you at all times.
他们建议护照要随身携带。
It is strongly advised that you take out some form of medical insurance.
竭诚劝你办理某种医疗保险。
（6）+名/代词+wh-从句
注意：
（1）advise后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词多用“(should+)动词原形”。
（2）advise可以接动名词作宾语，不可直接跟不定式作宾语，但可以跟疑问词+不定式作宾语。
（3）advise可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 但是suggest 不可以。
(4) advice： n.作“建议；劝告；忠告；意见”解时，是不可数名词，其后的介词多用on。也可用about。a/several piece(s) of advice一/几条建议
12. How about you
英语中表达“……怎么样？”的结构：
（1）How/What about… 常用来征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议。about后接名词、代词或动名词，动名词可以有逻辑主语。
（2）How do/does…like 用来询问对某事的感觉，即喜欢还是不喜欢。
—How do you like the book
你认为这本书怎么样？
—It is well worth reading.
很值得读。
（3）What is…like 用来询问人或事物的特征，即人的外貌或品德，以及天气状况。
（4）How is/are… 的主语是人时，用来询问身体健康状况。
How is your father, Xiao Wang
小王，你父亲的身体怎么样了？
13. If it isn’t too cold for you, I would like to invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in January.
如果对你来说不太冷的话，我想邀请你在一月份的下一个假期里来华北看看。
(1) would like to do sth.
用在陈述句中表示主语“想要做某事”。
用在疑问句表示建议或请求。
I’d like Tom to go to fetch some newspapers for me. Would you like him to do something for you
我想让汤姆去给我取报纸，你想让他做点什么吗？
—Would you like to see a film with us this evening
今天晚上和我们一块去看电影吧？
—Yes, I’d like to./Sorry, but I’m busy.
可以。（对不起，我太忙了。）
(2) would like sb. to do sth.表示主语“想要别人做某事”。
（3）would like to have done sth. 与would like to do sth.的区别：
①would like to do sth. 表示主语现在或将来想要做某事
Ｉwould like to go to the cinema tonight.
②would like to have done sth. 表示主语过去本来想做什么却没有做某事
Ｉwould like to have gone to the cinema last night, but I had an unexpected guest.
昨天晚上我原本想去看电影的但是我我有一个不速之客的到来。
14. It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need. 餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。
该句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为to finish eating …it作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有：
(1)It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible， important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting， interesting， surprising等。
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow．
(2) It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．
(3) It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house．
(4)It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good, useless等。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
(5)It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea．
(6)It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。
It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week．
(7)It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday．
15. Don’t laugh at, stare at or make jokes about disabled people.
stare at sb./sth.盯着看；凝视；注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.
他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思
注意：glance gaze stare glare
(1)glance意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。
He glanced at his watch．他匆匆看了一下手表。
She glanced down the list of names． 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。
(2)gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。
She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all."
她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”
(3)stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。
(4)glare意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。
They stood glaring at each other．他们互相怒目而视地站着。
16. At this moment I am busy with my studies.
(1)be busy with sth.忙于某事
She is busy with the housework all day long.
她整天忙于做家务。
(2)be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
I’m busy writing a novel.
我在忙着写小说。
(3)keep busy doing sth.忙于做某事
We kept busy preparing for the coming party.
我们在忙着准备晚会。
(4)be kept busy doing sth.
We were kept busy preparing for the coming party.
我们在忙着准备晚会。
(4)be engaged in doing sth. 忙于做某事
(5) be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
◆概念提示
重点/热点1： be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not。
-- Are we on time 我们准时吗
-- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。
I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。
He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
他不敢从桥上跳进河水里。
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“害怕某种情况会发生”。
I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
我害怕伤害了她的情感。
易混易错点1：the one, one, it, that的替代用法
掌握one/ones/that/it的指代用法。代词的用法是历届高考重点之一。在代词的考查中，它们的分辨常常是命题的方向。用法如下：
（1）the one用来替代同类事物中特指的一个，复数用the ones。
The finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.
（2）one用来替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指，相当于“a（n）+名词”。复数用ones。
I need a bike. Lend me one.
（3）it指上文提到的同一事物。
I want to use your bike. Could you lend it to me
（4）that用来替换上文出现的带定冠词的名词，相当于“the+名词”。复数用those。
The study of idioms is as important as that of grammar
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1.---I must apologize ____ you know ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. for letting not B. for not letting C. to let D. not to let
变式1. I had to _____ an apology to him for breaking his vase.
A. send B. make C. do D. take
解析：1. 该题考查apologize 的用法apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.， doing 的否定形式为not doing，所以答案选B.
变式1. 该题考查apology的名词搭配结构：make an apology to sb. for sth. 所以答案选B.
2. “What is it that keeps him angry ”
“______ the pen his friend sent to him.”
A. Lose B. He lost C. losing D To have lost
变式1. Why do you ask me to eat two eggs a day
_______ enough nutrition.
A, Getting B. To have got C. To get D. Having got
解析：2. 通过观察问句可以知道问句是强调句型的特殊疑问句结构，是对主语的强调，答案必须能够做主语，四个选项中只有动名词可以做主语。也可以把B项改为That he lost 来做该题的答案。答案：C.
变式1. 根据语境可以知道是考查不定式做状语表示目的的用法。答案：C.
3. Getting up late meant ______ another 15 minutes for the next bus to arrive.
A. to wait B. waiting C. to have waited D. having waited
变式1. I had meant _____ but I was ill.
A. to help you B. helping C. to help D. having helped
变式2.To employ means ____ .
A. to take on B. taking C. having taken on D. to have taken on
变式3. .---Why haven’t you bought any butter
---I ____ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
解析：1.该句意思是“起床晚意味着在等另外的15分”。mean做意味着讲时后接动名词。所以答案选B.
变式1. “我本打算去帮助你的，但是我突然病了” mean做“打算”讲时后接动名词。所以答案选B.
变式2. 该句是考查mean 做解释动词意义时要保证前后形式一致这个知识点的。该题是解释“to employ”这个动词的，所以答案选A
变式3。 本题通过语境考查词义辨析，mean to do表示打算做，meant to do 常表示本打算做却没有做。
4. The Foreign Minister said,“ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is
C. That is D. It is
变式1. _____is much hope that our team will win the game.
A. There B. It C. That D. This
变式2.Tom is clever and he works hard. _____is no wonder that he always wins the first prize.
A. There B. It C. That D. This
解析：4. 此题考查形式主语 it 的用法。it为形式,真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。答案：D
变式1. 该题意思是“我们球队有希望获胜”，据此可以知道该是there be 句型所以答案选A。 答案:A
变式2. 考查it is no wonder +that 从句这一句型，所以答案是B.
5. I don’t imagine Russ and his poor dog had a good time on the deserted island, _______
A．didn’t they B．do I C．did they D．don’t I
变式1. I guess it must have snowed last night ,
A. don’t I B. didn’t it C. mustn’t it D. hasn’t it
变式2. He said that Russ and his poor dog had a good time on the deserted island, _______
A．didn’t they B．didn’t he C．did they D．did he
解析：5. 当主句部分是表示第一人称的主观看法时，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和从句中的动词和主语保持一致，而不是和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。所以反意问句应该与Russ and his poor dog had a good time on the deserted island,保持一致，另外还要考虑到否定转移，所以答案为C.
变式1. 由上题的分析可以知道要与it must have snowed last night ,保持一致。Must在这里表示推测并且含有具体的过去时间状语所以答案为B.
变式2. 当陈述部分是主从复句时（主语是第一人称的例外），疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致，而不是和从句中的动词和主语保持一致。答案：B.
课后题：
1. The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
2. Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.
A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt
3. Victor apologized for ______to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
4、——How much vinegar did you put in the soup
——I’m sorry to say, ____. I forget.
A. no B. no one C. nothing D. none
5.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
解析：
1.考查apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。make an apology的意思是“道歉”。答案：A
2. interrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”．后接指人或指物的各种名词。答案：D
3. 该题考查apologize to sb. for doing sth. 和动名词的逻辑主语两个知识点，另外还要注意not的位置（必须放在being前面）所以答案为C.
4. 本题考查不定代词的本意区别及其与语境综合运用。此处none指的是not any vinegar，也就是说，此处可以这样理解：I’m sorry to say that I didn’t put any vinegar in the soup, because I forgot it.答案：D
5. 选C 不能选A。white在句子中做主语的补语。"The other sides should be painted white." 这是完整的
句子。答案：C
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Unit2 English around the world
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
重点单词与短语closet; pronounce; broad; repeat; majority; total; equal; situation; trade; international; organization; government; tourism; communicate; exchange; service; signal; tidy; stand; independent; publish; expression; compare.； in total; make oneself at home; except for; stay up; end up with; a great many; the number of; more and more.
句型：
Thanks Nancy. If you will excuse me now. will 表示意愿的用法
With so many people communicating in English every day,... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
Can you tell me how to pronounce... 带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. 动名词做状语表结果的用法。
However, most of the time people don’t have any difficulty in understanding each other.
In only fifty years , English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same .
3. 语法：Direct and Indirect Speech(Ⅱ)—祈使句
(1)转述他人的请求
(2)转述他人的命令
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握majority; total; equal; situation; trade; exchange; compare.； in total; make oneself at home; except for; stay up; end up with; a great many; the number of; more and more.等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握will 表示意愿的用法；动名词做状语表结果的用法；分词做定语的用法；祈使句转述他人的请求和转述他人的命令的用法；
3. 对British English和American English之间的区别有一定的了解，能顺利地进行英语阅读。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. Thanks Nancy. If you will excuse me now. will
will 可以用来构成将来时，这时will 不可以用于条件状语从句中。但是will可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中。
If you will listen to me, you shall get a new bike.
如果你愿意听我的话，你一定会得到一辆新自行车。
注意：（1）will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。
I push the door hard, but it won’t open. 我用力推门，但是门打不开。
I warned him not to play in the street yesterday, but he wouldn’t listen to me.
我警告他不要在街道上玩耍，但是他不愿听我的话。
（2）won’t do 表示拒绝，不肯有拟人化的手法；don’t do 表示客观陈述。
The radio I bought yesterday doesn’t work now. ( 客观陈述)
I have spent 5 hours repairing my radio, but it won’t work. ( 拟人化的手法)
Don’t get the ink on your clothes; it won’t wash out. ( 拟人化的手法)
2. Can you tell me how to pronounce...
“疑问词+不定式”的功能：在句中可做主语、宾语、表语等成分。
（1）做主语
How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.
我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。
（2）做宾语
①做动词的宾语
We have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays. 我们要学习写剧本，总得有个开头。
②做介词的宾语
We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat. 我们最好能学会正确选择吃什么、怎么吃。
(3)做表语
My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
3. …most of the time people don’t have any difficulty in understanding each other.
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困难
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困难
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English
注意:(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。
4. English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
most widely spoken and used in the world.过去分词做定语的用法。可以转化为定语从句that/which is most widely spoken and used in the world.
(1)现在分词作定语，表示主动和正在进行的动作或现在的一种状态。
Who is the girl standing over there
站在那边的那个女孩是谁？standing over there现在分词作后置定语，表示主动和正在进行的动作。可以转化为定语从句that is standing over
Who is in charge of the sleeping child
谁负责照料那个正在睡觉的孩子？sleeping现在分词作前置定语，表示主动和正在进行的动作。可以转化为定语从句that is sleeping
Taiwan lying in the east of China is part of China.
位于中国东部的台湾是中国不可分割的以部分。lying in the east of China现在分词作后置定语，表示主动和现在的状态。可以转化为定语从句that/which lies in the east of China
(2)过去分词作定语表示被动和完成了的动作；有时只表示完成的动作不表示被动。
The building built last year is a teaching building.
去年建成的那个建筑物是一幢教学楼。built last year过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成了的动作。可以转化为定语从句that/which was built last year
You had better drink the boiled water.
你最好和开水。boiled过去分词作前置定语表示被动和完成了的动作
The playground is covered with fallen leaves.
操场上覆盖着落叶。fallen过去分词作前置定语表示完成了的动作，不表示被动。
注意：(1) n. + being done; (2) n.+ to be done;(3) n.+ done 这三个结构的区别
(1) n. + being done 表示被动和正在进行
The building being built now will be used for the meeting room.
正在建造的楼房将被用作会议室。
(2) n.+ to be done表示被动和动作即将发生
The meeting to be held tomorrow has been called off.
原定明天举行的会员已经被取消了。
(3) n.+ done 表示被动和动作已经完成
The tree cut down by the workers was 100 years old.
被工人们砍倒的那棵树已经有100年了。
5. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same.
more or less 大约；差不多，几乎
That table is more or less two meters long. 那张桌子大约两米长。
I’ve more or less finished the book. 我差不多已经读完这本书了。
She could earn $200 a day，more or less. 她一天大约能挣200美元。
注意：more or less是一个固定结构，or不可换成and。more or less可以修饰数词，意为“大约”；还可修饰动词、分词、形容词，意为“或多或少，差不多，几乎”。通常放在系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，或放在动词之前，也可置于句末
6. They also brought in some words from their own languages
bring in吸引，引入；请……做，让……参加；提出（新法案）；赚得，挣
He brought some humors in his speech.
他在演讲中引用了一些幽默。
How much does she bring in every year？
她每年挣多少钱？
Experts were brought in to advise the government.
政府请来专家出谋划策。
相关归纳：(1)bring on端来；促进……地生长
Your meal can be brought on along the belt in the future.
在将来你的饭可以沿着传送带被端来。
Enough sunlight has brought on the crops.
充足的阳光促进了庄稼的生长。
(2)bring about导致；引起
What brought about the change in his attitude towards the matter？
是什么使他改变了对这件事情的主意？
(3)bring back把……送回；归还；使回忆起；恢复；重新使用
The photographs brought back many of pleasant memories.
照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。
(4)bring down打垮；击败；降低；减少；（飞机）着陆；击落
We plan to bring down prices on all our computers.
我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。
The scandal may bring down the government.
那件丑闻可能使政府垮台。
An enemy fighter was brought down.
一架敌机被击落了
(5)bring up 培养；使价格等上涨；呕吐
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她小时侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑养大的。
He brought out his lunch just now.
他刚刚把吃进去的午饭吐出来了
(6)bring out显出；出版
The hard training brought out the best in him.
刻苦的训练使他表现地最好。
New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
几乎每天都有个人计算机推出
A new kind of magazine has been brought out of late.
一种新的杂志最近被出版了。
(7) bring ……together 促使(争执双方)和解
The loss of their son brought the parents together.
双方因失去儿子而言归于好
7. compare: 主要义项有：比较；相比
派生词: comparison n. 比较
相关归纳：
(1) compare...to... 比拟；比作
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
(2) compare... with... 将……和……相比较
Compare John’s answer with Henry’s，which is better？
把约翰和亨利两人的答案比较一下，哪个更好？
(3) compare with和相比较
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
这房子比不上我们以前的。
(4)compared to/with与……比起来（常用作状语，可位于句首或句末）
Compared to/with many people，she was indeed lucky.
和许多人比起来，她是幸运的。
(5)in/by comparison with 与……比起来
In comparison with their house, ours is large and comfortable.
8. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words.
ending up with different words 是现在分词做状语表结果的用法。
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
欧式足球在80个国家被踢，使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
注意：现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果的区别。
(1) 现在分词做状语表结果是指自然而然的想象中的结果,现在分词前可加thus
The whale can eat a man in only a few minutes, thus leaving only bones.
(2) 不定式做状语表结果是指出人意料的结果，强调意想不到,不定式前可加only
H e hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶到车站结果发现火车已经离开了。
He lifted a big stone only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起一块大石头结果砸了自己的脚。
9. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
with后面跟复合结构，即：with + 宾语 +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要执行的动作)/done（表示动作的完成及被动）常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。也可以做定语。
其结构如下：
(1) with+名词/代词+现在分词。其中现在分词表主动或正在进行的动作。
He fell asleep with his radio still working.
His hair became grey with the years passing.
随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
The king came in, with all his servants following him.
国王进来了，身后跟着所有的仆人。
(2) with+名词/代词+过去分词。其中过去分词表被动或完成了的动作。
Tom stood for a moment with his hand still raised.
With everything bought, he left the market.
买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场
(3) with+名词/代词+不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。
With so much work to do, we can’t kill any time by playing cards.
With nothing to do, he went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步
(4)with+名词/代词+形容词。
The girl entered the room with her eyes full of tears.
(5) with+名词/代词+介词短语或副词。
The emperor walked in the street with nothing on.
He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他离开了房间，灯亮着
10. He stayed up last night.
stay up 的用法
(1)不睡觉，熬夜
The student stayed up all night to study.
这个学生开夜车，学习了一整夜。
Hs stayed up till midnight, as is often the case with him.
他熬夜到半夜，对他来说是常有的事。
(2)不倒塌，不下沉
Some strong houses stayed up in the earthquake.
一些坚固的房屋在地震中没有倒塌。
Your life jacket will help you to stay up if you fall out of the boat.
如从船上掉下去，你的救生衣可以使你不沉入水中。
11. How did it come about
come about（某事）发生
I don’t know how this thing came about.
我不知道这事是怎样发生的。
Do you know how the phrase came about？
你知道这个成语是怎样产生的吗？
How did it come about that you didn’t report this to us in good time？
你怎么没及时向我们报告？
(1)come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法)
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
(2)come across 碰上，偶然碰上，被理解，发现
He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't come across.
他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。
(3)come along 进展，进步，一道来
(4)come down 下来，降低，下降，着陆
The price of petrol is coming down thanks to the increase of production.
由于产量的增加，石油的价格在下跌。
(5) come true 实现
(6)come over 过来，顺便来访
Why don't come over to Beidaihe for a holiday in summer
你怎么不在夏天到北戴河来度假呢
(7)come in 进来
(8) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉
(9) come on 来吧，跟着来，赶快
(10) come out 出来，出版，开花
The crocuses came out late this year because of the cold weather.
因为天气寒冷，今年藏红花开得晚。
When will his new novel come out
他新创作的小说什么时候出版
(11) come up 被提出,被讨论；(种子)发芽
A number of questions came up at the meeting.
会议上提出了许多问题。
(12)come back 回来．流行
(13) come to 共计，达到，达成，恢复知觉，苏醒
It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along.
她突然想到她一开始就错了。
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：besides, except, except for, except that
(1)except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外，意为“除……之外”，指“不包括……”。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或wh-从句。except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。
(2)except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，后接名词。
(3)except that的用法基本同except for，但其后必须句子。它用来表示理由或细节，修下前面所说的情况。
Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题。
The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类)
这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子。
I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本。
She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑。
(4)(prep.) “除…之外还有”， besides意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……”句
Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。
I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了这本词典，我还有三本别的词典。
(5)in addition to除…之外还有,等于besides做介词的用法。
In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.
除了法语外,他还得学日语。
(6)apart from：apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.
Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.
除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。
Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏
注意：
(1) besides: (adv.) 此外，而且
I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。
(2) I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。
(2)but 和except 做“除了”讲时如果前面有do的适当形式,but 和except后面的不定式不带to；如果没有do的适当形式，but 和except后面的不定式带to。
He could do nothing except walk home. (except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)他只好走着回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式)
(3) in addition=besides此外，而且
They eat a great deal of fruit in addition.
他们还吃大量的水果。
I am too busy to go for a walk; in addition, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。
易混易错点1： For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。
该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为 “然而”。
while 用法总结
（1）用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为 “然而”。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。
（2）用作从属连词．引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that…”或“and in the meantime/meanwhile”
I'll take care of your children while you are away. 你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。
(3) 用作从属连词。引导让步状语从句，意为“although…
While he is not a perfect man, I still like him very much.
尽管他不是一个完美的人我还是很喜欢他。
(4) 用作从属连词。引导条件状语从句，意为as long as
Where there is a will, there is a way.
易混易错点2：such as，that is，for example
(1)such as用来列举事物，常用在被列举出的事物和前面表示总称的名词之间，但在所列举的事物只是总称中的事物的一部分，不能全部都列举出来。
I bought a lot of things in the supermarket, such as beer and fried fish.
(2)如果需要把前面总称中的事物全部一一列举出来，就要用that is或namely（即）。
I have three good friends, namely= that is, Jack, Tom and John.
(3)for example用于举例说明前面的名词，一般只列举同类事物中的一个，其位置可在句首、句末或句中，需用逗号隔开。后面也可接句子，对前一句进行说明和解释。
Many great men have risen from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, for example= for instance.
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path ___ to the front.
A. to lead B. led C. leading D. being led
变式1. They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers.’
A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding
C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding
变式2. Betty, still ______ excited, took away the box ______ with birthday presents for her.
A. looked; filled B. looked; filling C. looking; filled D. looking; filling
变式3. This is an early church, ______ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San. Carlo Borromeo.
A. dated B. being dated C. dating D. dates
变式4. The problem ______ now must be kept secret
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. having been discussed
解析:1. 据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选Ｃ。
变式1.据题意在第一个题干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table; 说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选Ａ。
变式2.look是系动词没有被动语态， Betty 与look 之间是主动关系所以要用现在分词做定语。Wound与 soldiers之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用过 去分词做定语。
变式3.church与 date from之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词做定语。
变式4.the problem与discuss之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用
being discussed。
总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道分词做定语的用法可以灵活设题是高考重要的考察点。
2. With a lot of different problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
变式1. ______ time going on, the old man’s friends died off.
A. As B. With C. For D. As with
变式2. ______time went on, the old man’s friends died off.
A. As B. With C. For D. As with
变式3. The famous scientist died of heart attack ______ the experiment left undone.
A. with B. for C. because D. because of
解析: 该题考查with+名词/代词+不定式，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。由此可知答案 C
变式1. 该题考查with+名词/代词+现在分词这一结构中介词with的运用。不能选as因为as要引导时间状语从句。
变式2. 该题考查as引导时间状语从句 “as”可以译为“随着”
变式3. 该题考查with+名词/代词+过去分词这一结构中介词with的运用。该结构在本句中做状语表示伴随。
总结：通过对以上例题的分析可以知道对“with复合结构”的考查集中在两个方面：一是考查宾补的适当形式；二是考查介词with。该知识点仍旧是命题的重点。
3. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, _______ no conclusion.
A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching
变式1.He went abroad in 1998, never _____.
A. returning B. to return C. returned D. having returned
变式2. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, with no conclusion_____.
A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching
解析:2. B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A. making,可作状语，表结果。D
变式1. 该句意思是“他在1998年出国了，结果再也没有回来。”由此可知要用不定式
做状语表结果，指出人意料的结果，强调意想不到。
变式2. 该题是考查“with+名词/代词+过去分词”做状语表结果。Conclusion 与 reach 之间是被动关系，并且动作已经发生。
总结：以上题例表明“现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果”的区别是一个很重要的知识点。结果发生的偶然性与否是掌握这一知识的关键。
4. There was no one in the bus _____ a dog.
A. except B. besides C. but D. except for
变式1. The weather is bad; _______，I have no money on me.
A. except B. besides C. but D. except for
变式2 Five more students passed the exam_____ Tom.
A. in addition B. besides C. but D. except for
变式3. —— the people on the list, many more people will attend the party.
A. In addition to B. Except for C. But D. Except
解析：4. except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正。 答案： D
变式1. besides可以做副词意思是“ 此外，而且”表示并列关系。答案：B
变式2. besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”， besides意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……”句中常含有more/another/else等暗示词。答案：B
变式3. 该题意思是“除了名单上的人之外还有很多人要参加这次舞会”。in addition to除…之外还有,等于besides做介词的用法。答案：A
总结：以上题例表明“besides, except, except for, except that”的区别是一个很重要的知识点在掌握该知识点时一定要体会出是指“排除”或是指“包含”等方面的用法。
5．You can’t imagine what difficulty/trouble we had ____ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
变式1. Do you have any difficulty _____ your work
A. in B. on C. with D. for
变式2. Thank you for the trouble you have taken _____ me with my English..
A. to help B. helping C. help D helped
解析：5. we had ____ home in the snowstorm 是定语从句, had 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查“have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.”这一知识点的。答案：D
变式1. 考查“have (some) difficulty with sth.” 这一知识点。答案：C
变式2. you have taken _____ me with my English是定语从句, have taken 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查“take trouble to do sth.”这一知识点的。答案：A
总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道与difficulty相关的短语的用法是高考重要的考察点，可以据此灵活设题。
6. I push the window hard but it _____close.
A. won’t B. can’t C. shall not D. mustn’t
变式1. If you _____ listen to me, you _____ get a new bike.
A. will ; will B. shall ; will C. shall ; shall D. will ; shall
变式2. “What can I do for you ”
“ My radio _____ work.”
A. won’t B. can’t C. doesn’t D. mustn’t
解析：6. 考查will表示现在的意愿，有拟人化的修辞手法在内。答案A
变式1.第一个空格是“will可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中”；第二个空格是shall表示“承诺”的用法。答案：D
变式2. doesn’t do 表示客观陈述，不包含任何感彩。答案：C
7. _____ the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad.
A. While B. When C. As D. Since
变式1. you have got your license, why not drive the car yourself
A．Ever since B．Now that C．Even though D．As long as
变式2.--The vase cost me almost 100 yuan.
--Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money __ you could buy a much
cheaper one.
A. while B. if C. because D. when
解析：7. 考查while用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，意为“although…”答案：A
变式1.now that =since =now 都可以引导从句译为“既然”，主从句之间是因果关系。答案：B.
变式2. 考查when用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为“既然”答案D
总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道while，now that =since =now，when这三个词是意思相近但用法不同的非常重要的词语。
课后题：
1.____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
2. This is not a match. We're playing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
3. I can hardly imagine Mr. Wang ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
5. Most of the men _________ to the party were from town
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
解析: 1.本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。答案为D
2. for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 答案为C
3. imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Mr. Wang是这个动名词的逻辑主语答案为C
4. much too+形容词或副词 .答案 A
5. 此处考查过去分词作定语表示被动和完成了的动作。答案 A
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Unit 5 The silver screen
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语：hero; scene; career; role; award; prize; choice; degree; speed; studio; creature; adult; peace; industry; owe; accept; primary; determine; comment; take off; go wrong; owe sth. to sb.; in all; stay away; lock sb. up; run after; bring sb. back; on the air; think highly of;
2.句型：
While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 连词 + 名词做时间状语
When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said 连词+过去分词做时间状语
After graduating, she went to New York, where she stared working as an actress and won the
Theater World Award for a role in a play. where 引导的定语从句
The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. why引导的定语从句
3. 语法：The Attributive Clause(Ⅰ)
1.描述特定时间的特征——由when或介词+which引导定语从句
2. 描述特定地点的特征——由where或介词+which引导定语从句
3. 描述特定原因或理由的内容——由why或介词+which引导定语从句
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握scene; role; award; prize; choice; degree; speed; creature; peace; industry; owe; accept; primary; determine; comment; be afraid to do sth.; can’t help doing; together with; leave out; stare at; make jokes about sb.; mean to do; mean doing; start with; ask for. 等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握 状语从句的省略的用法；when/where/why以及由介词+which引导的定语从句的用法；until/till引导时间状语从句的用法。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. What is happening in this scene
Scene的用法
(1)(事件发生的)地点,现场;
The criminal fled the scene.
罪犯逃离了现场。
(2)场景；画面
The last scene of the play was very moving.
那出戏的最后场面非常令人感动。
Many people went to help him, which was a moving scene.
很多人去帮助他，这是一个令人感动的画面。
（3）光景，风景，景色
After sunset the scene of the children playing in the garden disappeared.
日落之后孩子们在花园里高兴玩耍的景象消失了。
注意：scene, scenery, view与sight
(1) scene表示“景色”“风景”时，指所见之物，也可表示动态或静止的室内或室外的场景常被当作一个整体而看的景色。
Do you remember the scene in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time
你记不记得剧中苏珊第一次遇见阿伦的那个场面？
（2）scenery不可数名词，指天然景色.景致.场面。
We passed through some beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.
我们在穿越英国湖泊区的旅途中，看到了不少美丽的景色。
（3）view可数名词，意为“景色.风景.风景照.风景画”。(强调从高出看到的景观)
You’ll get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.
从山顶你可以清楚地看到全镇的全景。
（4）sight指某一地区值得观看游览的.具有特色的建筑物.风景.名胜。
The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking sights in the world.
长城是世上惊人的景观之一。+
2. …where she stared working as an actress and won the Theater World Award for a role in a play.
award的用法
(1) 可数名词，主要指“奖品，奖赏，奖金”，有时也指“报酬，工资”。
MerylStreep won the best actress award.
梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.
奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。
(2) vt. 给予，授予，判给
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。
注意：prize award reward的区别
(1) prize主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说
win a prize for---; win the first prize
(2) award 常用于奖项名称
the Housing Design Award
(3) reward 报酬，酬金；赏金
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。
3．She won many more prizes while acting in famous films such as Sophie’s choice
choose：v.主要义项为：（1）挑选，选择（2）决定，宁愿，情愿
choice：n.选择；入选者；精选品 adj.极好的；精选的
We have to choose a new manager from a shortlist of five candidates.
我们得从最终入选名单上的五位候选人中选出一位新经理。
I chose to go to the cinema alone.
我决定一个人去看电影。
Employees can retire at 55 if they choose.
如果雇员愿意的话，可在55岁退休。
There is a wide range of choice open to you.
你有很大的选择余地。
They bought a choice piece of property near the water.
他们在水边买了一块极好的地皮。
相关归纳：
（1）cannot choose but to do除了……外别无他法；只得
He cannot choose but to obey.
除了听从之外他别无选择
（2）by choice出于自己的选择
I wouldn’t go there by choice.
让我选择，我不会去那里。
（3）have no choice but to do sth 除了……外别无他法；只得
We have no choice but to wiat.
我们除了等之外别无选择。
（4）choose sth 与choose from sth
choose sth 是指选中了什么东西；choose from sth 是指从某些东西中选择
4. This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.
take 的短语归纳
(1) take off
① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door
③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.
④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
① 拿下来；取下来
He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留
The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
② 理解；领会；明白
The boys could not take in his meaning.
③使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
① 雇用=hire=employ
Is the supermarket taking on any more assistant
② 呈现；具有(新面貌、意思等)
Our village has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.
② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程)
Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast.
③ 占去 (时间或空间)
The meeting took up the whole morning.
The table takes up too much room.
④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
(6) take over接替；接任
He took over his father’s job after his father died in 1999.
5. Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and his children.
owe的用法
(1) owe sth. to sb./sth.或owe sb. sth.：归功于；
The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.
(2) 那个年轻的作家把他的成功归功于老师的鼓励。
(3) owe it to sb that clause
I owed it to you that I finished my work in time .
我能及时完成工作归功于你。
(3) owe sth. to sb./sth.或owe sb. sth. 欠，欠债
The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1.
(4)owing to 由于
Owing to your timely help, I finished my work in time .
由于你的及时的帮助，我取得了成功。
6. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married.
marry 的用法：
相关归纳：
(1)be married (to)与……结婚；嫁给……用于表示结婚的状态。
They have been married for ten years.
他们已结婚十年了。
(2)get married (to)与……结婚；嫁给……用于表示结婚的动作。
They got married a year ago.
他们一年前结的婚。
(3)marry sb. to sb.把……嫁给
The old man married his daughter to an engineer.
这个老人把他的女儿嫁给了一名工程师。
注意：
（1）marry是及物动词，表示“与……结婚”，无须再用with或其他介词。
错误：She married with/to a man with a lot of money.
正确：She married a man with a lot of money.
（2）marry是非延续性动词，不可于表示一段时间的状语连用。
错误：They have married for ten years.
正确：They have been married for ten years.
（3）be married可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
错误：They have got married for ten years.
正确：They got married ten years ago.
7. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said
When等连词引导的状语从句中的省略：
当when, while, until, if, unless等连词引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或主语为it时，或从句的主谓部分为it和be动词时，从句的主语及部分谓语（be动词）可省略。
When (he was) asked, he gave good advice.
If (it is) necessary, we’ll have a meeting.
He will not go to the party unless (he is) invited.
8. She walks till she finally reached the town.
含有until/till结构的句子：
（1）until/till引导的结构与肯定句连用时，主句谓语动词为延续性动词，其动作延续到until/till所表示时间就停止；
When Mary has to get off the bus, she walks till she finally reaches the town.
（2）until/till引导的结构与否定句连用时，构成not…until/till…结构，主句所表达的动作直到until/till所表示的时间才发生，译成“直到……才……”
We didn’t go until he came back.
（3）强调not until/till有两种方式：a. not until/till放在句首，主句采用部分倒装语序，谓语动词用原形；b. 用It’s …that…强调句型。not需要放在被强调部分，句式为：“It is/was not until…that+主句部分（用肯定形式）”
Not until he came back did we go.
It was not until he came back that we went.
9. She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up and running after those who escape.
run短语总结
(1) run for 竞选
He decided to run for the 56th president.
他决定竞选第56届总统。
(2)run sb off sb's feet 使疲于奔命
The naughty boy ran his mother off her feet.
那个淘气的孩子使他的母亲疲于奔命
(3) run across 偶然遇到
I ran across an old friend who I hadn’t met for 30 years.
我偶然遇到了一位30年没见面的朋友。
(4) run after 追逐，追踪
The police are running a thief.
警察正在追赶一个小偷。
(5) run into 碰撞；遇上．偶然遇到；陷于。碰上(困境、麻烦等)
(6) run out 用光，耗尽(不及物)
Our fool supplies will run out soon.
我们的食品供应很快就会用完。
(7) run out of 用光／耗尽……
We have run out of our fool supplies.
我们已经把我们的食品供给用完了。
注意：表示偶然遇到可以用以下几种结构
run into = run across = meet with= meet by chance=come across
10. She determined to bring Huike back safely.
determine vt.决定；确定；决心
(1)determine sth.决定；限定；支配
The amount of rainfall determines the size of the crop.
降雨量决定着收成的好坏。
(2)determine to do sth.(动作)决定做……
No matter what happens, she has determined to tell the truth.
无论发生什么事，他都已经决定把真相说出来。
(3)be determine to do sth.(状态)决心做……
I am determined to go and nothing will stop me.
我决心要去，什么也拦不住我。
(4)determine on/upon sth.决心做某事
They determined on an early start.
他们决定早出发。
归纳总结：
(1)determined也可以用作形容词，表示“决意的，已决定了的；坚定的，坚决的”，可用be determined to do 表示“决定干某事”。
We are determined to succeed this time.
我们决心这次要取得成功。
There is a determined look on his face.
他脸上有个坚定的表情。
(2)determination n.[U]决定，决心
We should carry out the plan with great determination.
我们应坚决实现这一计划。
She is a woman of great determination.
她是一位意志坚定的妇女。
11. She wants them to let her appear live on the air, hoping that Huike will see her.
live 的用法
(1)adj. 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语)
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。
(2) adj./adv.实况直播的 (不是录音)
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。
The concert will be broadcast live.
这次演唱会将进行实况转播。
注意：live lively living alive 的区别
(1) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语)
She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England.
The old man is still living. (或alive)
(2) alive adj. ① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气
作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive
作表语： My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
作补语：They caught the thief alive.
(4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语)
The music is bright and lively.
He gave a lively description of the concert.
12He causes trouble for Minzhi almost every day.
trouble 的用法
派生词：
troublesome adj. 爱惹麻烦的
相关归纳：
(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦
What made you write such a letter It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦
He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦
I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
非常抱歉给你添了那么多麻烦。
(4) take trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
(5) have trouble with sth.
I often have trouble with my teeth.
我常常牙痛。
(6) have trouble (in) doing sth.
I had a little trouble learning English grammar.
我学英文语法有过一点困难。
(7)trouble to do sth. 费心做某事
She didn't even trouble to look at our presents.
她甚至不屑看一下我们的礼物。
13. If you think highly of the film you may encourage other people to go and see it.
(1)think highly(well, a lot, the world…) of对……评价很高
We think highly of their research in this field.
我们对他们这方面的研究评价很高。
He thinks the world of his daughter.
他非常器重女儿。
相关归纳：
①think poorly(little, badly…) of对……评价不高
I don’t think much of her idea.我认为她的主意不怎么样。
② sing high praise for对……评价很高
We sing high praise for his contributions to his country.
我们高度评价了他对他的祖国做出的贡献。
③speak highly of 对……评价很高
We speak highly of his latest picture.
我们对他的最新作品评价很高。
④have a high opinion of对……评价很高
We have a high opinion of his composition.
我们对他的最作文评价很高。
(2) encourage的用法：
派生词:
encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的
encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的
encouragement n. 鼓励，激励
discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻
discouraging adj. 令人灰心的
discouraged adj. 感到灰心的
相关归纳：
(1)encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
She encouraged him to talk to her.
她鼓励他与她交谈。
(2)discourage sb from doing sth 使某人没有勇气去做某事
The rain discouraged us from going out.
雨打消了我们外出的念头。
14. When the park is hit by a storm, things start going wrong.
go wrong走错路，误入歧途；不对头；出毛病
在该短语中go是系动词，go作为系动词构成的短语：
go mad疯了 go blind失明
go hungry挨饿 go cold发冷；变冷
go wild 发狂 go bad（食物）变质
go red脸发红
注意：go, get, become, grow, turn的区别
这些词均可用作连系动词，都有“变，变得”之意，但用法有一定不同。
(1)go通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。
go bad/blind/mad/wrong变坏/变瞎/疯了/出毛病。
(2)become和get表示的变化可以是由好到坏，也可以是由坏到好，强调变化过程的完成。become better/worse更好/更糟；get richer and richer变得越来越富
(3)grow有“逐渐变化”的含义，强调变化的过程。
grow tall长高；grow louder（声音）大起来
(4)turn表示变为完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。
turn yellow变黄；turn gray变灰白
15 This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.
关系副词when的用法：
当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替，when 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.
我永远忘记不了我去上大学的那一天。
He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.
他依旧记得地震发生的那天早上。
We will have wait until next Friday, when our house will be painted.
我们将等到下周五，那时我们的房子将要漆好了。
16. After graduating , she went to New York, where she stared working as an actress and won the Theater World Award for a role in a play. where 引导的定语从句
关系副词when的用法：
当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
This is the house where/ in which he used to live.
I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.
Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事
She couldn't help smiling.
相关归纳：
(1) can't help but do 不得不……；不能不
When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.
(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.
(3) help (sb.) (to) do sth.
Help me get him back to bed at once.
By helping them we are helping save ourselves.
(4) help...with sth. 帮助……做某事
In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.
(5) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟等；擅自拿用
May I help you to some more vegetables
(6)help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等)
I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.
重点/热点2：take one's place
(1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please. We are about to start.
(2) take one's place = take the place of sb. 代替(职务或工作等)；接替
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.
相关归纳：
(1) in place of代替；……而不用
The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.
（2）take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；等于 take one's place
More men entered and took their seats.
(3) take place 发生；举行
Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation.
Their wedding will take place next Friday.
(4) in place 在原处；适合的，恰当的
He likes everything in place before he starts work.
His behavior at the meeting is in place.
(5)out of place 不在原处；不适合的，不恰当的
易混易错点1：1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。
该句中的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。
(1) 句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容
注意以下三种结构：
1 The reason is / was that clause. 当主语是reason / cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。
The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
②当主语是This / That时，可以由because / why引导表语从句。
He got up late. That was why he was late for class.
He was late for class. That was because He got up late.
(2)why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。
The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
The reason that/which/(也可以省去) he gave you was reasonable.
他给你的理由是合理的。
讲题组
◆ 课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off
A. why B. when C. what D. where
变式1. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
变式2. The reason ____he failed to pass the exam was ____ he never studied hard.
A. why what B. because that
C. why that D. why because
变式3. Is this the reason _____ he was punished Which of the following is wrong
A. why B. for which C. 不填 D. that
解析：1.句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗 ”因此可知答案为why。答案：A
变式1. what，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；the reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。答案：A
变式2. 该题考查The reason why从句 be that 从句。答案：C
变式3. the reason后接定语从句，并且定语从句主谓宾完整时。可用三种结构引导定语从句：the reason + why/for which/ 不填。该题就符合这样的结构所以答案为D
2. He left the place, ____ never to return.
A. determined B. to determine C. being determined D. having determined
变式1.—— sand , the basket is heavy to carry.
A. Being filled with B. Being full of C. Filling with D. Full of
解析：1.该句意思是“他离开了这个地方，决心以后再也不回来了” 。用determined（adj.）表示离开时候的状态。英语中常用形容词表示状态。选项中的D 是表示动作的所以答案为A.
变式1. 该题是考查原因状语的。Being+ adj. 可以用来表示原因。但是如果一个形容词是由动词的分词转变而来的，在表示原因时一定不能加being。所以该题的正确答案可以是
Being full of或Filled with .
3. Many people watched the ___ TV broadcast of football matches.
A. live B. alive C. living D .lively
变式1. They caught the thief _____ when he tried to run away.
A. live B. alive C. living D .lively
变式2. The football match will be broadcast _____ on Friday.
A. live B. alive C. living D .lively
变式3.Who is the greatest writer in the world____
A. live B. alive C. living D .lively
解析：3..该题考查live；alive；living；lively的区别。live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是live 的形容词词性。答案：A
变式1. alive作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive 作表语：Was the snake alive or dead / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people. 作补语：Let's keep the fish alive。所以答案为B
变式2. . live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是live 的副词词性。答案：A
变式3. 见变式2。答案：B
4. He has ______ mad because of his son’s sudden death.
A. become B. got C. gone D. turned
变式1. He ____ teacher right after he graduated in 1998.
A. become B. got C. gone D. turned
变式2. The man on the stage has ____ 40.
A. become B. got C. gone D. turned
解析：1. 考查go +adj. 用法，侧重表示变成不好的状态。答案：B
变式1. 四个选项中能接名名词做表语，并且名词前不能带冠词的只有turn.答案：D
变式2. 固定表示方法，说某个人跨入多少岁要用“turn”答案：D
5. This is the factory ____ he worked three years.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
变式1. This is the factory ____ he will visit next week.
A. where B. as C. when D. that
变式2.There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
变式3.I want to find a room ______ to store my books.
A. where B. which C. in which D. for which
变式4. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. in which
解析：5. 关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰the factory，并在定语从句中作地点状语。答案：A
变式1. 由于定语从句缺宾语所以应该填关系代词，that引导了定语从句又在从句中做了宾语。答案：D
变式2. 关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰trousers，并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意思为：在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。答案：A
变式3. 该题考查的是“prep. + which+ 不定式”放在名词后作定语的结构，由于该结构不是定语从句所以prep. + which不可以替换为where。答案：C
变式4.介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句是定语从句中的重点、难点。选择该结构中的介词的原则是：（1）根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配习惯;（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯;（3）表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of。本题表示“在剧中表演”，应用介词in，故选D。
6. Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
变式1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
解析：6. unless为连词，后面省略了you are，所以选invited。答案：A
变式1. take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是when it is taken的省略。答案：B
课后题：
1．There are so many kinds of goods in the store ______ that I don’t know what to buy
A. to choose B. to be chosen from C. choosing D. choosing from
2. . –Will you go to the museum tomorrow
-I will if I _________ no visitors.
A. have B. will have C. shall have D. am having
3. I _________ a single word in the past three days.
A. haven’t been reading B. haven’t read
C. hadn’t read D. didn’t read
4. We found English difficult ________.
A. to be learned B. to learn
C. to learn from D. learned
5. I didn’t mind ________ home but my brother preferred _______ a taxi.
A. walking; getting B. to walk; get
C. walking; to get D. to walk; getting
解析：
1. 根据句意表述的是选择什么货物并且是主动表被动，所以选to choose。答案：B
2. if I…no visitors为表示条件的状语从句。英语中，条件状语从句表示将来情况时，一般不用将来时，而用一般现在时，故可排除B、C两个答案；have表示“有”，不可用于进行时态，故只有A正确。答案：A
3. “in the past+时间段”常表示现在之前的一段时间，指现在之前的情况，故常与现在完成时连用。答案：B
4. 形容词difficult，hard，easy等后面的动词不定式常用主动式。答案：B
5. mind表示“介意；反对”，后面常接动名词作宾语，故可排除B、D两个答案。prefer后面可接动名词或动词不定式，一般来说，指习惯性或经常性的情况，常接动名词；指一次性的情况或某次具体的动作，常接动词不定式结构。答案：A.
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Unit1 Good friends
考纲要求：
考纲规定的考试范围:
重点单词与短语：honest; loyal; wise; smart; argue; fond; match; fry; saw; rope; movie; cast; survive; deserted; hunt; share; lie; adventure; error; hunt for; in order to; care about; drop sb. a line; argue about sth.; even though; as … as possible;
句型：
I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语
Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when"作并列连词的用法
What / Who / When / Where is it that... 强调句的特殊疑问句结构
With so many people communicating in English every day,... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. / Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
语法：
Direct and Indirect Speech(Ⅰ)
(1)转述他人的叙述—一陈述句
(2)转述他人的疑惑—一般疑问句
(3)转述他人的问题—一特殊疑问句
复习本章要达到的目标
掌握loyal；argue；fond；match; survive；deserted; hunt; share; lie; hunt for; in order to; care about; even though; as … as possible等重点单词及短语的用法。
掌握表示“喜好”的句型；“某人也（也不）怎么样了”的句型；so...that... 和such...that... 引导的结果状讲从句；should have done sth. 的用法；when 引导的时间状语从句的用法；并列连词not only ... but also... 的用法
学会如何谈论爱好；如何谈论朋友；如何写电子邮件；学会使用直接引语和间接引语。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. I think a friend should be loyal.
loyal 的用法：
派生词:
loyally adv. 忠诚地
loyalty n. 忠诚；忠诚的行为
相关归纳：
be loyal to sb./sth. 对某人或某个政党忠实
be considerate to/towards sb. 体贴某人
be thoughtful of sb. 体贴某人
be devoted to 深爱某人或忠于某人
be good/kind/friendly to 对某人有好
be cruel to sb. 对某人残忍
Be hard on sb.= be strict with sb. 对某人严厉
He realized that what a fine loyal character Susan is.
他意识到苏珊是一个多么忠诚的人。
He has remained loyal to the team even if they lose almost every game.
他仍然忠实于那个球队，尽管他们几乎每场球都输。
This showed their love and their loyalty to the Party.
这表明了他们对共产党的热爱和忠实。
Tom is very considerate towards everyone.= Tom is very thoughtful of everyone.
汤姆非常体贴每一个人。
Tom is devoted to his wife and his sons.
汤姆深爱他的妻子和儿子。
The teacher is strict with us.= The teacher is hard on us.
老师对我们要求严厉。
2. What are they arguing about
argue 的用法：
派生词:
argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论3. [C]论据
相关归纳：
(1) argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人争论某事
Tom argued with his teacher on the problem. 汤姆和老师就这个问题进行了讨论。
(2) argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事
He argued against the plan.他据理反对这个计划。
(3) argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事
We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.
我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。
(4)argue that从句 争论说
They argued that I should take his advice.
他们争论说我那该接受他的建议。
(5) settle the argument 解决争端
After five hours’ argument, they managed to settle the argument.
经过5个小时的争论他们成功地解决了争端。
注意：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
3. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。表示某人也（也不）怎么样了。常见句型有：
(1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 ……” )
Tom went to the cinema yesterday, and so did Jack.
(2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不……” )
Tom didn’t finish the homework on time, neither did Susan.
(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也……” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)。这时也可以用as is the case with sb 这个句型。
Tom is clever and he studies hard, so it is the same with Jackson.
汤姆非常聪明并且学习努力，杰克森也是一样。
Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.
玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。
注意下面两个句型：
(1) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。
“Tom studies very hard .” “Oh, so he does.”
“She can speak French. ” “So she can.”
(2)主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。
.Our teacher told Tom to clean the blackboard and he did so.
4. I’m 15 and fond of singing.
be fond of sth/doing sth. 喜欢做某事
I am fond of playing football.
英语中表示喜欢的短语有：
(1)be into sth.= be very interested in 表示对……极其感兴趣
He is into everything concerning music
他对与音乐有关的一切极其感兴趣。
(2).like +n./ to do sth./doing sth.
She likes playing the piano.
她喜欢弹钢琴。
注意：like (与should, would连用)希望,想,想要，即是] should/would like to do sth.
He would like you to make that trip.
他希望你走一趟。
(3).love +n./ to do sth./doing sth. 语气比like更强烈。
(4) enjoy +n./ doing sth.
I enjoyed reading these books very much.
我很喜欢读这些书。
注意：①enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得高兴
Are you enjoying yourself
你玩得高兴吗
②享有(利益、权利、声誉等)
We enjoy free medical care.
我们享受免费医疗。
I enjoy good health.
我身体很健康。
(5)care for喜欢做某事
Does your sister care for dress
(6)go in for 喜欢做某事
Does your sister go in for swimming
(7)be keen on 热衷于某事
The young are keen on high pays,
年轻人热衷于高薪的工作。
5. I can’t strike a match on wet days.
match 的用法
知识梳理：
match作动词时，主要义项有：
和……相配（称）
The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.
衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
(2) 敌得过,比得上
His latest film doesn't match his previous ones.
他最新的一部影片比不上他以前的一些影片。
No one can match her in knowledge of classical music.
没有任何一个人能在音乐知识比过她。
(3)把……和……搭配起来/调和起来
Please match each picture with the correct sentence.
(4)作名词时，主要义项有：火柴；比赛；相配
Our side beat the other in the match.
我方在竞赛中击败了对方。
相关归纳：
（1）be no match for敌不过
I was no match for him at tennis.打网球我根本不是他的对手。
(2)match up to与……相当；符合……标准
The trip failed to match up to her expectations.这次旅行令她很失望
6. I am not into classic music.
归纳总结：
(1)sb be into + sth 对某事感兴趣
He is into everything concerning football.
(2)sb be around 某人（在某一个领域中）活跃
The director has been around since the 1960’s.
(3)sth be over 某个活动结束
The meeting was over and all present headed home.
(4)sth be up 主要指时间到了
Time was up and our teacher dismissed the class.
(5)sb be/feel down 某人觉得身体不适或情绪低落
I feel down this morning and let me alone.
(6)sth be in 某个东西流行
Short skirts are in again.
(7)up to 多达；由某人决定；比得上；忙于某事
The students in our class are up to 100/
It is up to you to get the four of us moving.
His latest novel is not up to his last one.
What are you up to now
(8)sth be on 主要指电影等在演出
What is on this weekend
(9)sb be off 走；离开
I must be off now or I will miss the early bus.
(10)sb be away 不在
He has been away for 3 years.
7. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。
该句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。
Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
常见句型：
(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause
He is such a naughty boy that we all dislike him.
他是那么淘气的孩子以致我们都不喜欢他
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause
(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause
We have such good weather that we can go for a hiking.
天气这么好让我们去郊游吧。
(4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause
He is so naughty a boy that we all dislike him.
他是那么淘气的孩子以致我们都不喜欢他
(5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause
(6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause
I have so many books that I could lend you some.
(7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause
They finished the job in so little time that we even don’t him.
注意：(1) 当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然 要用such。
(2) 当so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。
(3)so +adj./adv. 位于句首，以及such+n. 位于句首时要采用部分倒装语序。
So interesting was the film that we all watched it a second time.
这部电影如此有趣以致我们又看了另一篇。
8. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
should\ought to have done ； should\ought to + do；shouldn’t\oughtn’t to have don
(1)“should\ought to have done”该结构意为“某人过去本应该干某事却没有干”，表示说话人的责备或遗憾之情。”
You should have gone to the cinema last night , for the film was very interesting.
昨天晚上你本应该去看电影的，因为这是非常有趣的一部电影.
(2)“should\ought to + do”则表示将来要发生的动作。
You should work hard next year or you will fail to pass the exam.
来年你应该努力学习，否则你不能通过考试的。
(3) shouldn’t\oughtn’t to have don该结构意为“某人过去本不应该干某事却做了”
You shouldn’t have gone to the cinema last night , for the film was very boring.
昨天晚上你本不应该去看电影的，因为这是非常枯燥的一部电影.
9. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.
share的用法归纳：
(1) share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物
My wife shared with me in distress.
妻子与我共患难。
(2) share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分配、分给……
The money was shared out between them. 笔钱由他们两人分。
(3) share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦
注意：用作名词时，主要义项为：一份；股份
I have done my share of the work. 已经做了我分内的工作。
If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have to do your share of the work.
如果你想要一份报酬,就必须做一份工作
The company was formed with 1,000 shares.
这家公司组成时有1000股
Here is your share of the cake.
这是你的一份蛋糕
10.Chuck has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food and make fire.
hunt的用法: vt. /vi. 追猎,猎取; 搜索;寻找 ; 追捕 固定搭配：hunt for
November is a good time to hunt deer.
十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。
I'm hunting a job. 我在找工作。
Police are hunting an escaped convict.
警察正在追捕一个逃犯。
John set out that day to hunt for work.
约翰那天外出找工作。
注意：hunt还可以用作名词。
The hunt for the lost child continued until she was found.
寻找失踪儿童的工作一直持续到将她找到为止。
“make + 名词” 短语
(1) make a noise 吵闹
(2) make faces=make a face 做鬼脸，做苦脸
(3) make room for 给……腾出地方
(4) make the bed 整理床铺
(5) make a fool(exhibition) of oneself 使出丑
(6) make friends with 交朋友
(7) make money 赚钱
(8) make full use of =make the most of= make the best of =take full advantage of 利用
(9) make a decision / discovery/ study
(10) make a mistake 犯错误
(11)make yourself at home 别拘束
(12)make a/some/no difference to sb/sth
(13)make an agreement
(14)make both ends meet 使收支平衡
11. Keep your e-mail as short as possible.
as … as possible= as … as sb. can/could尽可能地……
I’ll go to see you as often as possible. = I’ll go to see you as often as I can.
我将尽可能快的去看你。
I will be back as soon as possible.
我将尽可能快地返回。
He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus. = He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus.
为了赶上早班车他尽可能快地跑。
注：as … as possible是as … as it is/was possible的省略，其中的possible用作表语，不可用副词possibly替代。
12. 直接引语和间接引语的相互转化
在掌握该知识时要注意以下几种变化：
(1)人称变化
直接引语中的人称要根据间接引语中的主语来做适当的变化。
(2)时态变化：规律见下表
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时
(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化规律如下：
指示代词：this →that these → those
时间状语：now → then；today → that day；next week → the next week
last month → the month before ；yesterday → the day before
tomorrow → the next(following) day ；two days ago → two days before
地点状语：here → there；this place →that place
动词：come →go；bring → take
She said, “I like singing English songs very much.” 可以变化为：
She said (that) she liked singing English songs very much.
He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.” 可以变化为：
He told me (that) he had left his book in my room.
注意：当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。
The physics teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The physics teacher said (that) light travels much faster than sound.
13. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend
in order to + 不定式在句中做目的状语。
in order to do sth. so as to do sth to do sth
它们都可作目的状语，其区别如下：
(1)这三种不定式作目的状语，在意义上并无多大差别，相比而言，to do 比较普遍，后两种在语气上稍重些，而so as to do 比较口语化，in order to do则比较正式。为了加强语势，突出目的，可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。so as to do 不能放在全句的前面，它只能后置
In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.
为了找到那本书,他翻遍了整个房子
To hear better, we’ll sit in the front row.
为了听得更清楚,我们要坐在前排
(2)to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三种不定式作目的状语时, 一般句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语, 但如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,常用for引出:
I stopped aside for her to get in.
我停下来向旁边靠了靠,让她进来
(3)不定式作目的状语表达否定的目的时,一般采用so as not to或in order not to 这两种句式。 We took a taxi so as not to be late.
我们是搭出租车去的，以免迟到
He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.
他工作干的很慢，目的是不出错
I got up early so as not to miss the first train.
我大清早起床，目的是不误第一班火车
(4)in order to + 不定式在句中做目的状语时，句子的主语必须与不定式动作的发出者保持一致即：句子主语必须是人。
In order to pass the exam, he studied even harder
In order to master English, much practice is needed. (×)
In order to master English, one need much practice. (∨)
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：a number of, the number of
a number of只能用作定语，修饰可数名词复数，意为“许多；若干”(=many)。number前可用large, small等修饰词。当它修饰主语时，谓语动词与它修饰的主语一致。
A large number of students have finished their homework.
the number of的意思是“……的数量；号码”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the number。如果用作主语，即使后面的名词是复数，谓语也要用单数。
The number of students who have finished their homework is very small.
归纳总结：其他表示“许多”的短语：
many a +单数名词= more than one +单数名词 （谓语动词用单数）
a lot of/lots/plenty of +不可数名词／复数名词 （ 谓语动词与plenty 后的名词一致）
quite a few + 复数名词 （ 谓语动词用复数）
a great deal of +不可数名词 （谓语动词用单数）
a large amount of +不可数名词（谓语动词用单数）
large amounts of +不可数名 （谓语动词用单数）
a large quantity of +复数名词/不可数名词（谓语动词用单数）
large quantities of +复数名词/不可数名词（ 谓语动词用复数）
Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多坚强的人面对这种困难都动摇了
There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就卖了好多本
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
Large quantities of water are polluted every year.
大量的水每一年被污染了。
易混易错点1：强调句型及其各种结构
（1）基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其余部分（被强调部分可以是状语，主语或宾语）
It was his losing his pen that made him so upset. 丢失了钢笔使他很难过。
It was in the playground that I came across the little boy.在操场上我遇见了那个小男孩。
（2）被强调句子是一般疑问句时，其结构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分（用陈述语序）？
Is it tomorrow that you will go to see him
（3）被强调句子是特殊疑问句时，其结构为：疑问词+is/was+ it +that+其他部分(陈述语序)？
Where was it that you held the meeting
（4）强调名词性从句引导词时，其结构为：引导词+it is/was +that+从句其他部分。
He asked where it was that you held the meeting.
（5）对not…until结构中until部分进行强调时，not需要放在被强调部分，句式为：It is/was not until…that+主句部分（用肯定形式）。
It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. -- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -- ____.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
变式1.Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全国 III)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn't too D. nor does John
变式2. -- David has made great progress recently.
-- ____, and ____.
A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you
C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have
变式3.It was careless of you to have left your bike outside all the night.
_____.
A. so was I B. so I did C. so was it D. I did so
变式4.If you want to go the cinema tonight, ______ .
A. so will I B. so do I C. so I do D. I do so
解析:1以nor/neither开头的倒装句，用于倒装表示“也不”所以答案是 B
变式1. 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句所以答案是D
变式2. 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。 所以答案是 A
变式3. 答句意思是我的确把自行车忘记在外边了所以答案是 B
变式4. 该题表示肯定的“也”还表示现在的想法没有将来时所以答案是 A
总结：通过以上试题的分析和总结我们可以明白“某人也（也不）怎么样了”这一句型以及
相关的结构仍旧是考试命题的重点。
2. —Where is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
变式1. Jacky, you look down. What is up
I have failed in the driving test.
You _____ too much time on Korean TV shows.
A. needn’t have spent B. mustn’t have spent
C. shouldn’t have spent D. wouldn’t have spent
变式2. Did you visit the famous museum
No. We _____ have visited it , but we spent much time shopping.
A. shouldn’t B. must C. could D. can’t
解析: 2. might have done表示对过去的猜测，表示“可能做过某事”，此题不能选should have put.答案 D
变式1. shouldn’t have done表示过去本不应该做某事却没做了。所以答案是C
变式2. could have done表示过去本来能够做某事却没做。所以答案是C
总结：通过以上试题的分析和总结我们可以明白should（其它情态动词） have done sth. 的用法也是考试命题的重点，该知识点也可能出现在单选完形以及写作中。
3. She is a very kind woman, loyal ____her friends, intelligent and amusing.
A. to B. at C. for D. in
变式1. He is very ____ of others and we all like him very much.
A. loyal B. kind C thoughtful D. friendly
变式2. Tom is cruel ____ his servant, but Jack is good _____ his servants.
A. to; to B. to ; of C. of ; of D. of ; to
解析：3.考查be loyal to sb. 这一固定搭配所以答案选A。
变式1.考查loyal； kind；thoughtful；friendly的区别。be thoughtful of sb. 体贴某人。答案C
变式2.考查. be good/kind/friendly to 对某人有好；be cruel to sb. 对某人残忍这两个短语。答案A.
4. This is the best hotel that I have stayed at in the past five years and no one can it .
A. fit B. match C. suit D. compare
变式1. The curtain _____ the windows well.
A. fit B. match C. suit D. compare
变式2.Let’s go for a swim. Will Friday _____ you
A. fit B. match C. suit D. compare
变式3.His composition is very perfect, and no one can _____ him.
A. fit B. count C. suit D. compare with
解析：4. 考查match 与 相比的用法。答案：B
变式1. 考查match 与 相配的用法。答案：B
变式2 . suit多指合乎需要、口味、性质、条件、地位等。答案：A
变式3. 考查match；fit；suit; compare和compare with的区别。compare with =match 表示与 相比。答案：D
总结：通过以上的对比分析可以知道match；fit；suit; compare和compare with这四个词的用法是高频词，高考命题会经常对这些知识进行考查的。
5. China is paying more and more attention to education ——up with advanced countries in science and technology. Which of the following is wrong
A. in order to catch B. so as to catch C. to catch D. catching
变式1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult.
A not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
变式2. Why do we have to hold a meeting
______ a new chairman.
A. To elect B. Electing C. Having elected D. To have elected
解析: 5. in order to do sth. ;so as to do sth; to do sth 它们都可作目的状语，其区别如下：
(1)这三种不定式作目的状语，在意义上并无多大差别，相比而言，to do 比较普遍，后两种在语气上稍重些，而so as to do 比较口语化，in order to do则比较正式。为了加强语势，突出目的，可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。so as to do 不能放在全句的前面，它只能后置。答案：D
总结：变式1.和变式2.均体现不定式作目的状语的用法。答案：变式1.B 。变式2. A. 不定式作目的状语的用法是不定式的重要用法之一，也是高考考查不定式用法的重要一个知识点。
6. He ran ____ fast that we all can’t keep up with him.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
变式1.They are _____ little children that we believe they can’t finish ____ much work in ____ little time.
A. so; such; so B. such; so; so C. so; so; such D. such; such; so
变式2. He is such a good teacher _____ we all like him.
A. that B. who C. what D. as
变式3 He is such a good teacher _____ we all like.
A. that B. who C. what D. as
变式4. So fast _____ that we all couldn’t keep up with him.
A. he ran B. would he run C. did he run D. ran he
解析：6 考查so...that...连接的结果状语从句。答案：A
变式1.little表示小的意思时要用such; much, many, few, little 表示数量多少时要用so 。答案：B
变式2. 考查such...that...连接的结果状语从句。答案：A
变式3.如果such...that...连接的是结果状语从句那么可以肯定的是从句中必须不缺少句子成分；如果从句中缺少主语或宾语说明该句子不是结果状讲从句,而是定语从句。这时候如果先行词前有such, so 和as时关系代词用as.所以答案选D.
变式4. so +adj./adv. 位于句首，以及such +n. 位于句首时要采用部分倒装语序。所以答案：C.
总结：通过以上的对比分析可以知道such...that..和so...that...这英语中非常重要的结构复习的时候要注意相关知识的联系，高考命题会经常对这些知识进行考查的。
7. I will finish my work as fast as ______.
A. probable B. likely C. possible D. possibly
变式1. I will return home as ____ as possible.
A. fast B. soon C. quickly D. fastly
变式2. He always does his homework as carefully as he _____.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
解析: 7. 考查as … as possible= as … as sb. can/could尽可能地……这一重要知识点。as … as possible是as … as it is/was possible的省略，其中的possible用作表语，不可用副词possibly替代。答案：C
变式1. 考查as … as possible= as … as sb. can/could这一结构中adj./adv. 的选择。Soon强调的是动作在短时间内完成。答案B
变式2. 考查as … as possible= as … as sb. can/could。can指的是现在，could指的是过去。所以答案选择C. 答案：C
8. They ____ themselves at the party, and went home afterwards.
A. liked B. loved C. enjoyed D. interested
变式1。 The film ____ a good reputation after it was shown all over the world.
A. liked B. shared C. enjoyed D. interested
解析：8. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快. 答案:C
变式1. 考查enjoy享有(利益、权利、声誉等)这一用法。答案：C
总结： 通过以上的对比分析可以知道“enjoy”是一个出题频率极其高的词汇，高考命题会经常对enjoy享有(利益、权利、声誉等)这一用法进行考查的。
课后题：
1. This is not a match. We're playing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
2. Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
3. To be honest, I don’t quite _____ with you some views on the matter.
A. agree B. share C. include D. admit
4. In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____.（2001上海高考）
A. have survived B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive
5. What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth.
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
6. I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
解析: 1. for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 答案为C
2. 根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”. 答案为D
3. 该题考查share sth. with sb. 答案为B
4. be to do表示将来注定要发生。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，故C、D都不能选。答案:B
5. 该题考查argue名词形式的词义，argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。答案：D
6. imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。答案：C
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Unit9 Technology
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语disagree; depend; press; throughout; add; latest; feature; remind; appointment; obey; dare; case; emergency; whatever; particular; interview; department; electricity; wonder; defeat; force; succeed; skip; stay in touch with; call for; in case of; according to; take over; break down;
2. 句型
Cell phones or mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. it 作形式宾语的用法
I don't dare to use the phone in school. dare 的用法
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing. no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句
The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do.
whatever 引导的名词从句
3. 语法：现在进行时的被动语态
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握disagree; depend; press; throughout; add; latest; feature; remind; appointment; obey; dare; case; emergency; whatever; particular; interview; department; wonder; defeat; force; succeed; skip; stay in touch with; call for; in case of; according to; take over; break down;等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握it 作形式宾语的用法；dare 的用法；现在进行时的被动语态的用法；whatever 引导的名词从句
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. Well, it depends.
派生词:
dependence n. 依赖，依靠 dependent adj. 依靠别人的
Independence n. 独立 independent adj. 独立的
知识梳理：
(1)依靠，信赖；
He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是那种你可以信赖的人。
(2)确信，相信，指望；
Can we depend on your coming in on Sunday
我们可以相信你在周日来吗？
(3)受……的影响，由……决定，取决于；
Does the quality of teaching depend on class size
教学的质量是取决于班级的规模吗？
(4)需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）
I don’t want to depend too much on my parents.
我不想太依赖我的父母。
相关归纳：
(1)That depends/It (all) depends.那得看情况定。
—Is she coming 他会来吗？
—That depends. He may not have the time. 那得看情况定。他可能没时间。
(2)depend on/upon it请相信，没问题（用于句首或句尾）
Depend on it (=you can be sure), we won’t give up.
请相信我们不会放弃的。
(3)depend on it that (depend on不能直接跟that从句要加it 然后才能接that从句，与该用法相同的结构有：rely on it that从句;see to it that从句)
You can depend on it that he will finish the job on time.
你可以放心他会准时完成工作的。
你可放心他会准时来的。
(4)be dependent on/upon sb. for sth.
You can’t be dependent on/upon your parents for money all your life.
你不能一生都依靠你的父母提供金钱。
(5)be independent of sb. 不在依赖某人
I wish to be independent of my parents.
我不想在依赖父母了。
2. …… press the talk key. “Hi, mum I’m on the bus I should be home in about ten minutes.”
should用法：
(1)should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。
The group leader announced that we should （= would ） begin to work soon.
小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。
A week ago， I told him that I should （= would） go to Beijing the next day.
一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。
(2)should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to .这时should的语气比must小，比may/might 大。
They should be home by now， I think.
我想现在他们总该到家了吧。
The report was written after a careful investigation， so it should be reliable.
这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的，所以应该是可靠的。
(3) should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”，这时也可将 should 置于从句之首，即将 should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词 if . If you should fail to come， ask Mrs. Chen to work in your place.
= Should you fail to come， ask Mrs. Chen to work in your place.
万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。
If anyone should come， say I am not at home.
= Should anyone come， say I am not at home.
万一有人来访，就说我不在家。
If it should rain tomorrow， I wouldn't go.
= Should it rain tomorrow， I wouldn't go.
万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。
(4)should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用。例如：
You should （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time.
你们应该按时做完你们的实验。
You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once.
你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。
In sum， theory should be combined with practice.
总之，理论应该与实验相结合。
(5)(表示感情、意志等)竟然会;应该
I'm sorry it should be this way.
很遗憾,事情竟会是这个样子。
It's strange that he should be absent.
真奇怪,他竟会缺席。
3. Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life "on the go" and use cell phones.
跟许多中国青少年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人生”。
三种结构的主谓一致：
(1)the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数后接定语从句时，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。
The book is the only one of the gifts that was given to him on his birthday.
这本书是他生日收到的唯一礼物。
(2)one of + the + 名词复数后接定语从句时，定语从句中谓语动词用复数。
This is one of the exciting matches that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最令人兴奋的比赛之一。
(3)one of + the + 名词复数做整个句子的主语时，句中谓语动词用复数。
One of the students has been to Beijing so far in the poor village.
这个贫穷的村子里到目前为止他是去过北京的学生之一。
4. New functions are being added to the phones.
add的用法：
派生词：
addition n. 加，加起来，增加物，增加，加法
additional adj. 外加的，附加的，另加的
知识梳理：
（1）vt. & vi. 增加，加入；
If the tea is too strong, add some more water.
如果茶太浓，再加些水。
（2）vt.补充说
"And I hope you will realize it one day." he added.
他接着说：“我希耀你总有一天会明白这一点。”
I should like to add that we are pleased with the result.
我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到高兴。
相关归纳：
(1)add...to... 在……中加上……
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary。
这一版字典增加了很多词。
Don’t add fuel to the flame.
不要火上加油。
(2)add to 增加，增添；扩建
The bad weather only added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。
Your carelessness added to our difficulty.
你的粗心增加了我们的困难。
The building has been added to since liberation.
自从解放以来这个建筑物不断被扩建。
(3)add up把……加起来，总计
If you add these figures up, you will get the result.
(4)add up to 总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之
His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.
他受到的全部学校教育加起来不超过一年。
他花的钱总计1000英镑。
(5)in addition=besides 并且
（6）in addition to=besides 除了……之外还有
In addition to Tom, five other people went for a swim.
5. I don’t dare to use the phone in school, because they will take it away from me.
dare的用法：
(1) 实义动词：这时与一般的实义动词用法一样有各种时态，有主谓一致的变化，可以用于各种句型。 但是要特别注意在否定句中时to可以省略。
He did not dare (to) leave his car there.
他不敢把车停放在那里。
He has dared to walk alone in the street since his childhood.
自从童年起他一直敢一个人在街上走。
Has he dared to walk alone in the street since his childhood.
自从童年起他一直敢一个人在街上走吗？
(2) 情态动词：注意以下几点：
1 只能用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；
2 只有两种时态变化形式：一般现在时和一般过去时
③ dare的单复形式与主语无关没有人称变化
How dare you ask me such a question
你怎敢问我这样的问题
My younger sister dare not go out alone.
我妹妹不敢单独出去。
My younger sister dared not go out alone as a child.
我妹妹小的时候不敢单独出去。
(3)固定短语：I dare say
6. Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
(1)case的用法
知识梳理：
①情况实情；事实多和the 连用
If that is the case, we need more staff.
如果情况是那样的话，我们将需要更多的职员。
Is it the case that you lost your money when you got off the crowded bus
你在走下一辆拥挤的汽车时你的钱被偷，情况是这样的吗？
3 案件；案例
The police will look into the case as soon as possible.
警察将尽可能快的调查这个案件。
③箱子，盒子 a pencil box （铅笔盒） ; a jewel box （珠宝盒）
4 病例；病人
The most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.
伤势最严重的病人在事故现场得到了治疗。
相关归纳：
①as is often the case 这是常有的事
② in this / that case 如果是这样／那样的话
③ in no case 无论如何都不，绝不（位于句首要采用半倒装语序）
In no case should you smoke.
任何情况下你都不应该吸烟。
④in case假使; 如果，万一引导状语从句(从句中可用虚拟语气should + do sth. 也可不用虚拟语气) 而 in case 后接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以省略。
Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
带上雨伞以防天下雨。
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
We had better bring an umbrella in case it should rain.
= We had better bring an umbrella in case it rains.
你最好带上雨伞，以防下雨。
⑤ in case of 万一……，如果发生……
The doctor asked us to call him during the night except in case of necessity.
医生吩咐我们，除非必须，否则不要在夜里叫他
⑥(just)in case 以防(万一)
⑦ in most cases 在大多数情况下
⑧in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。
7....and do everything Q12 tells them to.
惟Q12的命令是从。
该句中to 后的动词由于与前面的动词一样而被省略了。
(1)通常情况下，当从上下文中能够知道不定式短语的内容时，为了避免重复，可将不定式to后面的内容都省略去，只保留不定式符号to，即用to来代替整个不定式。
She went there because she wanted to.她去了那里，因为她想去。
---Have you bought a car 你买车了吗
---No, we can’t afford to.没，我们付不起钱。
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
那个男孩想在街上骑自行车，但是他的母亲不让他那样做。
由以上例句我们可以看出，这种用法多见于不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的时候。与之相关的动词和结构有want, hope, hate, wish, refuse, prefer, try, like, love, intend, forget, expect, mean, be going to, have (got) to, ought to, used to, be able to, would like/love to等。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影但是他不想去。
Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter, but she refused to.
有人建议他考虑这个问题但是他拒绝了。
He doesn’t work here now, but he used to.他现在不再这里工作，但是过去在。
---Would you like to join us 你想加入我们中间吗？
---I’d like to.我想呀。
---Ought I to finish it today 我应该在今天完成吗？
---Yes, you ought to.是的。
(2)保留至be, have或have been
如果不定式to后的结构中含有be, have或have been, 通常要保留be, have或have been. 但随后的成分仍可省略。
---Is your mother a teacher 你的母亲是教师吗？
---No, but she used to be.不是，她也不想做教师。
---He hasn’t finished yet.
他还没有完成吗。
---Well, he ought to have.
嗯，他本应该完成的。
8. Some students are spending as much as 200 yuan a month on their cellphones.
.as many as, as much as
(1)as many as意为“多达……；……之多”,常用在人或物的具体数量前，结构为：as many as+数词+复数名词。
I can drink as many as 5 bottles of beer at a time.
每次我能喝多达5瓶的啤酒。
(2)as much as常用在“时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为：as much as+数词+复数名词。
The stone weighs as much as 6 tons.
这块石头重达6吨。
9. The students still talk about all the wonders of the world
wonder的用法：
(1)作动词时，主要义项有：想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；感到诧异；非常惊讶。
I was just beginning to wonder where you were.
我刚才正琢磨你上哪儿去了。
She wondered at her own stupidity.
她没想到自己竟会这么愚蠢。
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人赞美身边大自然的美。
I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。
(2)作名词时，主要义项有：惊讶；惊奇；惊叹(不可数名次)
奇迹；奇观(可数名词)
She gazed down at the city spread below her in wonder.
她俯视展现在眼前的城市，惊叹不已。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇迹之一。
相关归纳:
（1）no wonder 或It’s no/little/small wonder（that）...不足为奇；并不奇怪
It is little wonder（that）she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re tired, you’ve been walking for hours.
难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。
（2）It’s a wonder that...令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是
It’s a wonder that more people weren’t hurt.
奇怪的是没有更多的人受到伤害。
（4）work wonders 创造奇迹；取得优异的成绩；产生良好的效果
Her new diet and exercise programme had worked wonders for her.
她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。
12. Q12 can’t be defeated by force.
force的用法
(1) n.
①. 力,力量;力气[U]
The moral force is on our side.
道义的力量在我们一边。
② 武力,暴力[U]
The robber used force to get into the house.
强盗使用暴力强行进入住宅。
③ 势力;威力;有影响的人(或事物)[C]
He was a force behind these social changes.
他是促成这些社会变革的有影响的人物。
④ 军事力量;军队(常用复数)
A U.N. peacekeeping force was sent to that country.
一支联合国维持和平部队被派往该国。
(2) vt.
1. 强迫,迫使 force sb. to do sth.
The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms.
警察迫使罪犯放下武器。
2. 用力推进;强行攻占;强行打开
We forced our way in.
我们挤了进去。
We lost our key, so we had to force the door open.
我们把钥匙丢了，因此我们必须强行打开门。
3. 勉强做出(或发出)
She forced a smile.
她强作笑容。
13. Instead, the students have decided to come up with a special solution
come up 与come up with
(1)come up
① 开始;发生
I'll let him know if anything comes up.
如有什么事,我会告诉他的。
②被提出,被讨论
A number of questions came up at the meeting.
会议上提出了许多问题。
③走过来
She came up and said, "Glad to meet you."
她走过来说,"很高兴见到你。"
(2)come up with (针对问题等)想出;提供
He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.
他想出一个推广产品的好方法。
He could not come up with a proper answer.
他想不出一个合适的回答。
14. Can you get the meaning of the text with looking up the new words in the dictionary.
查字典的表示方法：
(1)look sth. up in the dictionary
You can look up the new word in the dictionary when you meet with them.
碰见生单词的时候你可以在字典里面查找它的意思。
(2)refer to (the dictionary/the note)查阅字典或笔记
He often refer to his notes when making a speech.
演讲的时候他经常看讲稿。
(3)consult the dictionary查阅字典
You can consult the dictionary when you meet new words.
碰见生单词的时候你可以在字典里面查找它的意思。
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：in a way, in the way, by the way, by way of, in the way of
(1) in a way 意为“在某种程度上”，相当于in one way, in some way。
The reforms are an improvement in a way.
这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。
(2) in the way 挡路
A big stone is in the way. Move it away, please.
一块大石头挡在路上，请把它搬开。
(3) by the way 顺便问一下，在途中
They stopped for a rest by the way.
他们途中停下来休息一下。
By the way, could you show me the way to the station
顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗
(4) by way of 途经，路经(某处)；作为，当作
He is traveling to Shenzhen by way of Beijng.
他经北京去深圳。
Let's go to the restaurant for supper by way of a change.
我们今天去饭店吃晚饭，换一下口味。
(5) in the way of=such as
He wants us to do everything for him in the way of cleaning the floor, laying desks, and etc.
易混易错点1：The answer seems to be that we have a need today in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.
答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联系。
no matter是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引导表示让步的状语从句有以下几种用法：
(1)no matter what (who, when, how, where 等)只能引导让步的状语从句；no matter +疑问词=疑问词+ ever
No matter how proud he was, he was afraid to face me.
无论他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。
No matter whether you have time or not, you must go there.
无论是否有时间，你都得去那儿。
(2) “疑问词 + ever"例如whatever, whoever, whenever等不仅可以引导让步的状语从句还可以引导名次性从句
Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome.
无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。
Don't open the door, no matter who=whoever knocks it.(= No matter who knocks the door, don't open it)
不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。
Whatever Wilson says, I'll post the letter. = No matter what Wilson says, I'll post the letter.
不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄走那封信。
The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do. (该句子中的whatever 不 能换为no matter what)
(3) 在“no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句中，要用一般式表示将来发生的动作。
No matter how hard he works, he will never come up with her.
(4)no matter how +adj. /adv +主语+谓语=however +adj. /adv +主语+谓语
No matter how much the book may cost, I will buy it. = However much the book may cost , I will buy it.
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. John may phone tonight, I don't want to go out ____ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order that
C. in case D. so that
变式1. -- It's cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella.
-- ____.
A. Yes, take it easy B. Well, it just depends
C. OK, just in case D. All right, you're welcome
变式2. Turn to me for help _____ emergency.
A. in case B. in order that
C. in case of D. in honor of
解析:1. B项引导状语从句，表示目的；D项引导状语从句。可以表示目的也可以表示结果；A项引导状语从句，意思是“只要……就……”；C项in case表示“以防，万一”与上下文吻合。答案为C
变式1. just in case = in case it rains 带把雨伞以防下雨。答案C
变式2. 该句意思是“万一有紧急情况请向我求助”。in case of 后接n. 所以答案选C
2. -- How long are you staying
-- I don't know ____.
A. That's OK B. Never mind
C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
变式1. You can depend on he will finish the job on time.
A. it B. that C. it that D.不填
变式2. As in Canada, the climate is different _____ the areas.
A. depending on B. depends on C. to be depended D. depended on
解析：2.根据上文I don't know.，可确定要选C，表示要随情况而定。答案:C
变式1.depend on不能直接跟that从句要加it 然后才能接that从句，与该用法相同的结构有：rely on it that从句;see to it that从句。答案C
变式2. “the climate is different”是一个结构完整的句子，所以“_____ the areas”应该是分词做状语。“气候因地区不同而不同”与“取决于地区”之间是一种主动关系应该用现在分词做状语。答案：A
3. The president talked with the official for a long time, ____ that he still trusted him.
A. added B. adding C. adding up D. adding up to
变式1.Your presence _____ our pleasure.
A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up
解析:4.该句意思是“总统和那个官员交谈了很长时间然后补充说他仍然信任他” adding的意思是“补充(说)”现在分词做状语。add up to意思是“加起来等于”。 答案为B
变式1. 该句意思是“你的到来增加了我们的愉悦。”add up to意思是“加起来等于”；所以
added up意思是“把……加起来”； added to意思是“增添，增加”。答案:B
4. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which
C. Whatever D. Whichever
变式1. The poor young man is ready to accept ____help he can get.
A. whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whenever
变式2. He tried his best to solve the problem, ____difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter
C. whatever D. although
解析：4. 句意为：周六无论哪个队获胜都将参加国家的锦标赛。 whichever意为“无论哪一个，任何一个”；whenever意为“无论何时，随时，只要”。答案：D
变式1. whatever引导的宾语从句。Whatever help = any help that...。答案：C
变式2. however = no matter how引导让步状语。答案：A
5. He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
变式1. He is one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
变式2. One of the students ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
解析：6. the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数后接定语从句时，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。答案：D
变式1. one of + the + 名词复数后接定语从句时，定语从句中谓语动词用复数。答案：C
变式2. one of + the + 名词复数做整个句子的主语时，句中谓语动词用复数。答案：D
6. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
变式1. is a wonder that he was able to survive the war.
A. That B. It C. There D. This
解析：It’s no wonder that表示“难怪……”。题干中wonder前有any，所以不能再用no，故排除A项；such和nearly又不能与any连用，故排除B、C两项；hardly可以与any连用，因此最佳答案为D。答案：D
变式1.句意为：他能活过这次战争真是一件令人惊奇的事亚。 It’s a wonder that...令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是。答案：B
课后题：
1. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it
C. this D. him
2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
3. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on
4. Judging from what he said, _____is required to do this job.
A either he or you
B either you or he
C neither you nor I
D neither he or him
5. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
解析：
1. it作形式宾语，代替不定式。答案：B
2. refer to 意为“参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”所以答案为：B
3. 解析 本题另外一种正确的用法是No matter how amusing it is…答案 C
4.本题考查主谓一致，因为谓语为第三人称单数，故B项正确。答案 B
5.There be +主语+ doing，其中主语与现在分词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，而pictures和form即是主谓关系，因此选C.答案 C
课后练习题
A组：
单选题：
1. -- You should have thanked her before you left.
-- I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it
2. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. would D. should
3.—Brand was Jane’s brother!
—______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
4.----Is Bob still performing
----I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
5. ---Let’s go to a movie after work, OK
---- _______.
A. Not at all B. Why not C. Never mind. D. What of it
6. ----How about putting some pictures into the report
------________. A picture is worth a thousand words.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. No way. B. Why not C. All right？ D. No matter.
7 .——Tomorrow ____ my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
——I’m not sure if she ____ free.
A. will be; is B is going to; is C. is; is D. is; will be
8 .I’d like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long.
A. which B. that C. where D. in which
9.---What’s that terrible noise
----The neighbors _______ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
10. These planes are watered_______.
A. each other day B. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days
解析：
1. mean作为“打算”讲，后接动词不定式，排除C、D两项；再依据以上解释，排除A项。答案：A
2在此should表示“惊奇”，译成“竟然会”。答案：D
3. no wonder+句子=It is/was no wonder+句子，意为“难怪……”。答案：C
4. 前者问＂Bob还在表演吗＂，后者回答＂恐怕不演了，据说因为他当官已经离开舞台了＂。从设空后的 already 一词可以明显看出Bob离开舞台是过去已经发生的事情，所以此处必须选用不定式的完成式，因而 A项为正确选项。答案：A
5. Not at all用来回答Thank you; Never mind.用来回答道歉; What of it =So what 表示“那又有什么重要的 ”; Why not “为什么不呢”表示非常同意对方.根据句意应选B,表示同意对方的建议.在选择交际用语时要注意说话的情景及说话者的真正含义.
6. 前者问对方在报告中插入一些图画如何，后者回答一副画能抵得上一千个单词，说明后者非常赞同前者的提议．No way 表示拒绝对方要求的应答，No matter表示“没关系，不要紧，没什么大不了的”，All right表示“行吗？合适吗”，显示说话者的语气不确定．所以只有B选项Why not 含有鼓励和赞同的意思，符合句意．答案。B
7. 第一空是表示“不以人的意志为转移的客观事实”，用一般现在时；第二空是表示“将来的动作”，用一般将来时。答案:D
8. 考查连接词。Where引导地点状语从句。答案：C
9. 根据“What’s that terrible noise？”（那乱哄哄的声音是怎么回事），可知“邻居们正在为开一个派队而做准备”.答案：B
10. 每隔一天可以说:every second/other day 或every two days. 答案: B
单词拼写：
1.The lovely girl’s f_____ expressions suggest that she is very happy.
2.Sportsmen try their best to_______（竞争）for gold medals.
3.Her new red dress produced quite a good _____（影响）on everyone.
4.Jack’s parents are satisfied with him as he ______（排列）no.4 in the mid－term exam.
5.Those who love peace wish to seek a peaceful s______ to the argument.
6.The news spread _____(遍及) the whole country．
7.When you _______（按）the button , the machine will open quickly.
8.The Los Angles Lakers and the Spurs _______（战平）2-2 in the semi-final.
答案：1. facial 2. compete 3effect
4. ranks 5. solution 6. throughout 7. press 8. tied
B组：
1、 汉译英
1.他知道他可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
2.我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。
3.难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。
4.他可能接替汤姆任经理。
5.这家博物馆的确值得参观。
6.不管谁来电话，都说我出去了。
7.把这寄给负责销售的人。
答案：
1. He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
2. I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
3. No wonder you’re tired, you’ve been walking for hours.
4. Probably he will succeed Tom as our manager.
5. The museum is certainly worth a visit.
6. No matter who telephones, say I’m out. =Whoever telephones, say I’m out.
7. Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.
单句改错
1. You can’t ride my car now, for it is repaired.
2. I dare to say robots can play a big part in our life in the future.
3. At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars a week.
4. Can you make rooms on that shelf for more books
5. I wonder how he dare to say that to the teacher yesterday.
答案：1. is 后加being 2. dare 后的to去掉 3. many改为much
4.rooms 改为room 5.dare改为dared
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Unit 11 The sounds of the world
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
重点单词与短语suggestion; instrument; perform; characteristic; character; contain; spread; variety; universal; record; satisfy; desire; emotion; process; express; entertain; in common; turn…into; on the other hand; at the same time; agree with
句型
What do you think the music comes from do you think 作插入语
You want to find a good sang to dance to 不定式作后置定语
If only they could find a way to get to the room. If only 的用法
He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. when 的用法
What do you have in mind 表示“心里想着某事”
The next time you look for a tape, don't just look for Chinese or American music. 名词引导时间状语从句
语法：被动语态 be done will be done have been done be being done
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握suggestion; perform; characteristic; character; contain; spread; variety; record; satisfy; desire; emotion; process; express; entertain; in common; turn…into; on the other hand; at the same time; agree with等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握插入语的相关的用法；不定式作后置定语的用法;If only 的用法;名词引导时间状语从句的用法以及when 的用法。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. Ask your partner to give you some suggestions.
suggest 的用法：
（1）+名词或动名词
Did he suggest what to do next
他建议下一步怎么做了吗？
He suggested setting out at once.
他建议立刻出发。
（2）that从句。用法有以下两种情况：
①suggest作“建议”讲，后接宾语从句时，从句中用should do, should可以省略。
The doctor suggested that I not work any longer.
医生建议我不能再工作了。
②suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，后接宾语从名时，从句中的时态应视情况而定，不用虚拟语气。
All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.
所有这些证据表明他偷了钱
（3）suggestion作“建议”讲时，是可数名词，其后无论跟表语从句还是同位语从句，从句都应用should do, should可省略。
He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.
他同意了我改变日期的建议。
His suggestion was that the match（should）be put off.
他的建议是比赛延期。
2. You want to find a good song to dance to.
作定语的动词不定式，表示的行为通常是未来的行为，总是放在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后．
I have many books to read.
我有许多书要读。
注意：
（1）当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；
当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
Do you have anything to take to your son
你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son
你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
（2）动词不定式与所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,或者该不定式本身有宾语,后面应有必要的介词.
He is a pleasant person to work with.
与他一起工作是令人高兴的一件事情。
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.
她买了一个放书的书架。
（3）注意：“prep +which或whom +不定式”这一特殊的放在名词后做定语的结构:
Could you find me a chair on which to sit
能给我找把椅子坐吗
I had to find a room in which to store my books.
我必须找一个存放书的房间。
He is an easy person with whom to work.
与他一起工作是令人高兴的一件事情。
3. The blues has been part of African-American culture since then.
(1) 现在完成时的标志词。
标志词有：up till/to now, since(自从)， ever since（此后一直），so far (到目前为止)，in/over/during the past few years(在过去的几年里)，recently（近来），for+时间段,just, already, yet等。但并不是说上面的词或词组必须跟现在完成时连用，有时根据语境变化会用其他时态。
He is an actor now, but he taught for two years.
他现在是个演员，但是他过去教过5年学。
(2)since 的用法：
Since 接从句
1 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
②若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，并且该动词用了一般过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
我醒后还未听到任何声音
③若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
4. There is a wide variety of new music to be discovered in every corner of the world.
vary的用法：
派生词：
variety n. 多样(性)，种类，变化 various adj. 各种各样的；
varied adj. 各种各样的
知识梳理：
(1) (使)多样化; 改变vt.
Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.
为了增加趣味,教师应该使自己的课多样化。
(2) 改变，变化 vi.
That sort of thing varies from person to person.
那种事因人而异。
注意：由于各种原因有以下几种表达方法：for a variety of reasons；for varieties of reasons
for varied reasons
5. Hip-hop and rap have much in common with blues and rock.
common的用法
知识梳理：
（1） 普通的;常见的
Smith is a very common last name in England.
在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。
（2）共同的,共有的
Common interests bind us together.
共同的利益使我们结合在一起。
（3）公共的,公众的
We must all work for the common good.
我们大家必须为公共的利益而工作。
(4) n. 共用；公有
相关归纳：
(1) have something/ nothing /a lot in common ( with sb. )
Although they are twins, they have little in common .
尽管他们是双胞胎，但是他们几乎没有相似性。
(2) in common
(3) in common with sb./ sth.
Britain, in common with many other industrialized countries , has experienced major changes over the last 100 years .
与其它工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。
6. The top ten pop songs for this year have been picked out.
I will pick you up after work.
pick 的短语总结：
pick out
① 挑选出;拣出
Let me pick out some good ones for you.
让我来替你挑几个好的。
②辨认出
It's easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.
很容易从人群中辨认出他,因为他个子很高。
pick up
①拾起；拿起；捡起
The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
②收拾
You should pick up the tools after work.
工作结束后应该把工具收拾好。
③偶然学会，学到；获得
He picked up English when he was in London.
他在伦敦的时候偶然学会了英语。
④与...偶然结识
We picked up a couple of girls at the pub last Friday.
上星期五我们在酒吧结识了几个女孩。
⑤ pick up (health) 恢复健康
He picked up (health) after 3 months’ rest.
休息了3个月后他恢复了健康。
⑥pick oneself up (跌倒后)再爬起来；振作精神
He picked oneself up with great strength.
他费了很大力气才站了起来。
⑦(从收音机里)收听到，(用雷达等)看到，听到。探测到
The news was picked up on the radio last night.
这个消息是昨天晚上从收音机里听到的。
⑧(车、船)在途中搭人、带货
On her way home after work, she picked up her daughter.
在她下班回家的路上她接走了她的女儿。
have one’s pocket picked 让衣袋被窃
When he got off the bus he got his pocket picked.
当他下车的时候他的钱被偷了。
7. They play music to satisfy their inner desire.
satisfy的用法：
派生词：
（1） satisfaction n. 满意，满足；令人满意的事物
（2） satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 (to)，圆满的，良好的
（3） satisfying adj. 令人满足的，令人满意的
（4） satisfied adj. 感到满意的
知识梳理：
（1）使……满意；使…… 满足于……satisfy sb with sth
The girl satisfied her mother by cleaning the kitchen.
那个小女孩通过打扫厨房来让母亲高兴。
（2） be satisfied with 对……感到满意
（3） 满足（需要，希望，欲望），符合条件
satisfy one’s needs/demands/hope/desire
The education system must satisfy the needs of all children.
教育系统必须满足所有儿童的需要。
Our company will do everything to satisfy our customers.
我们公司将尽一切努力令顾客满意。
You can't apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.
符合某些条件前,你不能申请这个工作。
（4） 消除(疑虑等)
Her remarks satisfied his doubts.
她的一番话消除了他的疑虑。
相关归纳:
(1) to sb's satisfaction = to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人 满意／确信
(2) with satisfaction 满意地
(3) be far from satisfactory 远远不让人满意
(4)express one’s satisfaction with 表达了对什么的满意
desire的用法
派生词：
desired 预期的
The medicine did not achieve the desired effect.
这种药没达到预期的效果。
desirable 值得拥有的；可取的 ；值得做的
相关归纳：
（1）desire sth.
We all desire health and happiness.
我们都渴望健康和幸福。
（2）have desire for sth或have desire to do sth. 渴望得到……渴望做…
He has a strong desire for power.
I have no desire to discuss the matter further.
我不想再谈此事。
（3）desire to do sth. 渴望做……
She desired to marry a rich man.
她很想嫁个富翁。
（4）desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做……
He desired us to leave soon.
他希望我们尽快离开。
8. Latin music has spread all over the world.
spread的用法：
(1) (使)伸展,(使)延伸vt./vi.
I spread my arms as far apart as I could.
我尽可能地将双臂伸展开。
A wide stretch of land spreads in front of us.
我们面前是一片广阔的土地。
(2)张开;展开;摊开
Mom spread a new table-cloth on the table.
妈妈在桌上铺了一块新桌布。
(3)撒;散布,传播;普及vt./vi.
She was told not to spread this secret around.
她被告知不要把这个秘密传出去。
(4)摆好(餐桌);上(菜等)
The table was spread for supper.
桌子已摆好,准备吃晚饭。
(5)传开;蔓延
The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby.
火从工厂蔓延到了附近的仓库。
9. .……while playing the guitar.
该句体现了状语从句的省略,有以下两种情况：
（1）当从句与主句主语一致，且从句谓语有be的某种形式时，常可以把从句的主语及be省略掉。
①Be careful when(you are) crossing the street
过马路的时候要小心。
②While (he was)walking along the sands .Crusoe saw some footprints in the sand.
克鲁索沿沙滩走着的时候，看到沙子上有些脚印。
I won’t go to her party unless (I am) invited.
要是不受到邀请，我就不去参加她的宴会。
④He knows many things though(he is)very young.
他年龄不大，但知道的事不少。
（2）当从句为it is + adj.时，也常将it is省略掉。
①When (it is)possible ,I’ll go to Beijing to see you.
可能的时候，我将去北京看你。
②If (it is)necessary, I’ll come tomorrow.
必要的话，明天我就来。
10. 插入语
插入语一般是对一句话作一些附加的解释。如果去掉插入语，对句子结构并无影响。插入语可用于陈述句, 或疑问句（要用陈述语气，且疑问词应放在插入语的前面），其位置可在句中或句末。常见的插入语有：I hope, I think, I wonder, do you believe, I suppose, you see, don’t you think, , I tell you, what’s more等。
1 How much money did he say he spent in traveling abroad
他说他在国外旅行花了多少钱？
⑵Which food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy
你认为哪种食物是有益于健康，哪种无益于健康？
⑶Where did she suggest we should shopping
她建议我们去哪儿购物？
⑷That will be a good beginning, I hope.
希望这是一个良好的开端。
⑸The report, I think, was both interesting and instructive.
我觉得这个报告既有意思又有教育意义。
⑹When do you suppose they’ll be back 你认为他们会在什么时候回来？
注意：know和guess 不用于上述句子中。只能写成：
Do you know/Do you guess+宾语从句？
Do you know when he will come
你知道他什么时候来吗？
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：sure 与 certain
下列情况下二者可混用，但是sure常表示说话人的感觉，可能有怀疑、猜测成份，语气一般。而certain则表示说话人有充分的理由根据，语气更肯定、坚决：
（1）Sb be sure／certain about ／of sth (2) Sb be sure／certain that/wh-…
（3）Sb/sth be sure／certain to do something”（4）. Sb make sure／certain that/wh-
但是在以下结构中sure 与 certain不可以互用：
（1）在“It is certain that…/ to do something”结构中，It是形式主语，此时一般不用sure。
It is certain to take him a lot of time．肯定会占用他很多时间。
It is certain that two plus two makes four．二加二得四是确定无疑的。
（2）“Be sure ＋to do something”结构，用于祈使句，这时一般不用certain。
Be sure not to forget it．千万别忘了。
（3）作定语时，sure表示“可靠的，无疑的”。而certain修饰可数名词时，意为“某一，某些”，修饰抽象名词时，意为“有点，有些”。
The student made a sure answer．学生做出了确凿的回答。
A certain Brown is waiting for you at the gate．门口有个叫布朗的在等着你。
Certain students have failed in the test．有些学生测验没及格。
There was certain coldness in her attitude towards me．她对我的态度有点冷淡。
4．在口语中，sure可作副词，用在肯定答语中，相当于surely、certainly， of course，而 certain不能用作副词，如：Are you going？Sure/Certainly．你去吗？当然啦
易混易错点1：used to do sth. ; be/get used to sth./doing sth.; be used to do sth.
（1）be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某事（做某事）
I used to get up late, but now I am used to getting up early.
我过去起床晚,但是现在我习惯了
（2）be used to do sth.被用来做……
Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could be used to rebuilt the city and its culture.
在纳粹统治前被藏起来的宫殿碎片能够被用来重建这个城市和它的文化。
(3 ) used to do:(用于表示过去持续或经常发生的事)曾经；过去常常
You used to see a lot of her, didn’t you
你过去经常见到他，对吗？
注意：used to 与would的区别
（1） used to + 动词不定式描述一个过去习惯的动作或状态，但现在不再继续了。used to含有较强的“今昔对比”的含义，而would无此含义
I used to go to work by bus, but I go by car now.
我过去经常乘公共汽车去，但是现在我开自己的小汽车去。
（2）used to不仅指过去的动作还可以指状态或情况,would则不能, would只表示过去的动作
I used to be nervous when I took exams in the past..(该句中的used to不可以替换成would)
当我过去参加考试的时候我时常紧张。
（3）used to表示过去有规律的习惯即总是怎么样；would表示过去没有有规律的习惯即动作的发生毫无规律可言。
Whenever I met a problem, I would turn to Mr. Wang for help. (该句中的would不可以替换成used to)
不论何时遇到问题我都会向王老师求助。
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. He made another wonderful discovery , _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
变式1：Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
变式2. When do you suggest______
A. we should hold the meeting B. should we hold the meeting
C. the meeting will be held D. we will hold the meeting
变式3.-- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our holidays
-- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
解析：本题考查定语从句中插入语的用法，因为插入语必须位于引导词之后，所以D项不对。因为做定语从句的主语，所以不能再用it，B、C明显不对。答案：A
变式1. 本题选项中的do you expect为插入语，用来征求对方的意见或征询对方的看法，这种特殊疑问句的主谓语应使用陈述句语序。答案：C
变式2. 本题选项中的do you suggest为插入语，用来征求对方的意见或征询对方的看法，这种特殊疑问句的主谓语应使用陈述句语序；另外还必须采用虚拟语气。答案：C
变式3 这也是个混合疑问句。根据宾语从句中的谓语go可确定应填写"suggest"。.答案：D
2. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ______ his boss.
A. serves B. satisfied C. promise D. supports
变式1. The government must try to _____ the people’s demands.
A. serve B. satisfy C. promise D. provide
变式2. His work is far from _____.
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfaction D. satisfactory
解析：2. 根据题意：“Nick正在寻找另一份工作，因为他所做的一切都不能使老板满意”以及各个选项的词义（serve为…服务，promise承诺，support支持），可知选satisfied。答案：B
变式1. 考查satisfy“满足（需要、愿望等），达到（要求等）”的用法。They tried to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables.他们尽量满足人们对蔬菜的需求。答案：B
变式2. be far from 远非，远远不from是介词，该题答案可以恢复为far from being satisfactory,然后省略being.所以答案为:D
3. Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.
A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed
变式1. The forest spreads ______the river.
A. to as far as B. as far as C. so far as D. as long as
变式2. The forest as far as the eye can see. Which of the following is wrong
A. spreads B. extends C. reaches D. arrive
解析：根据句意“造纸术起源于中国，从这里传播到北非和欧洲”，应选spread。答案：A
变式1. 考查as far as“远到”这一用法。答案：B
变式2. A.B.C.均能表示远到这一意思。答案：D
4. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
变式1.--The vase cost me almost 100 yuan.
--Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money __ you could buy a much
cheaper one.
A. while B. if C. because D. when
变式2. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true____ it comes to classroom tests．
A．before B．since C．when D．after
解析：5. 全句意思为“Jasmine与家人正在野生公园度假，这时她的腿被狮子咬了。”when有“在那时，突然……”之意，故选A。答案：A
变式1. 考查when“既然，尽管”的用法。该用法不能位于句首。答案：C
变式2. 考查句型“when it come to ”,答案：C
6. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to ____.
A. spare B. catch
C. leave D. make
变式1.There is a lot of letters _____,
A. to deal B. to have dealt C. to be dealt with D. dealing
解析：不定式作后置定语，跟所修饰的名词有动宾关系。本题只有spare才能与minutes构成动宾关系。答案：A
变式1. 在there be 句型中放在名次后做定语的不定式可以用被动形式也可以用主动表示被动的结构。答案：C
课后题：
1. They've ____ us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it
A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered
2. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _______ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
3. You’ll find this map of great___________ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
4. ---It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday.
---If only I _____ to my hometown.
A．didn’t return B hadn’t return C. shouldn’t return D wouldn’t return
5. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park ______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
解析：1. 本题考查offer与其近义词之间的区别。offer (sb) some money for sth (向某人)出价……购买……答案：D
2. be sure of doing 表示“对…..很确信/有把握”；而be sure to do表示“一定会干某事”；而strike可作为不及物动词使用，表示“降临”，本句意思为：“过去许多人相信如果镜子了，灾难一定会降临”. 答案：D
3. “be of + 抽象名词”；句意为“你会发现这张地图对帮助你在伦敦旅游大有益处”，A，B 不合句意。D为可数名词。Value为抽象名词，意为“益处、价值”。 答案：C
4. if only 后面用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟要用had done,因此选B
5.全句意思为：“Jasmine与家人正在野生公园度假，这时她的腿被狮子咬了。”when有“在那时，突然……”之意，故选A。答案：A
课后练习题
A组：
1. When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
2. Because of the hot weather, the disease
quickly among the area.
A. spread B. spreaded
C. sped D. flew
3. He himself sincerely in his address to the graduating class of university.
A. described B. made
C. expressed D. pressed
4. They often quarrel each other and don’t have much common.
A. about；on B. with；on
C. with；in D. on；in
5. He failed in the exam for reasons.
A. much B. a lot
C. various of D .a variety of
6. I you had a pleasant journey.
A. desire B. expect
C. hope D. wish
7. Those old pots, the one with a flying dragon on it, 32,000 Chinese ancient coins.
A. included；include
B. containing；contain
C. including；contain
D. including；include
8. I saw her, she was working in a shop.
A. The last time B. For the last time
C. At the last time D. In the last time
9. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He
trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was killing
10. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut
C .are being cut D. had been cut
答案：
1.A “would+动词原形”表示过去习惯性的动作。其他各项皆不符合该题情景。
2.A B项过去形式不对；sped为speed的过去式，“快速前进”；flew为fly的过去式，“飞”；题意为：由于天气炎热，疾病在这一地区迅速传播开来。
3.C describe“描述”；press“按；压”；题意为：他在给毕业班的讲话中诚挚地表达了自己的感情。
4.C quarrel with sb与某人吵架；in common有共同之处。
5.D much修饰不可数名词。a lot后应加of。various后应去掉of。a variety of ( = various/many )
6.D 动词词义辨析。desire着重怀着急切的心情，强烈地盼望着可以实现的愿望；expect指等待有较大可能的事；hope指可以实现的愿望或对好事的想象；表示祝愿用wish。
7.C 本题题意为“那些旧缸，包括上面镶有一条飞龙的那只，共盛有32000枚中国古钱币。”从题意上看，第一个空应该填including，和其后的the one with a flying dragon on it构成一个分词短语，作插入语，补充说明主语Those old pots，而contain无此用法；第二个空是“盛有”的意思，故填contain为佳。contain侧重“容纳”非同类的不定型的东西，故正确答案为C。
8.A （the）last time是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。句意为：“我最后一次见到她的时候，她正在一家商店工作。”
9.C 讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
10.C 据题意应该是现在进行时被动语态。
1. His are popular with young students.
2. Have you seen a desert for hundreds of miles
3. The driver the speed when the car was passing through a town.
4. The people expressed their that the war (should) come to an end soon.
5. I agree with you.
6. People like to live a life full of
7. The young doctor the heart operation.
8. He's obviously a man of very high
1. records 2. spreading 3. reduced 4. desire 5. totally
6. variety. 7. performed 8. intelligence
B组：
1、 汉译英
1.医生建议我不能再工作了。
2. 你父母总是尽力满足你所有的愿望。
3.我们都渴望健康和幸福。
4. 我与他毫无相同之处。
5. 擦窗户的时候他从梯子上摔了下来。
答案：
1. The doctor suggested that I not work any longer.
2. Your parents always try their best to satisfy all your desires.
3. We all desire health and happiness.
4. I have nothing in common with him.
5. He fell off the ladder when cleaning the windows.
改错题：
I have bought two tickets of the play this evening.
2. It is so bad weather that we have to stay at home all day long.
3. He suggested us to have a rest.
4. He picked up him from the crowd.
5. For the satisfaction of us, he arrived in time.
答案.1. of 改为to 2. so改为such 3. suggested改为advised
4.up改为out 5 For改为To
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Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
1. 重点单词与短语scare; disaster; seize; drag; struggle; fight; shake; stair; strike; destroy; fear; opportunity; article; agent; touch; naughty; take place; on fire; pull sb. up; get on one’s feet; go through; on holiday; worry about; come on; up and down
2. 句型
She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句
Tree after tree went down, cut down by water, which must have been three metres deep. 过去分词作状语
The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
Just try and you will see you can it. 祈使句+and（or）sb. will(won’t)…
3. 语法：The Attributive Clause(Ⅱ)
1.能够用英语描述人物的行为、特征等，由who/whom/that/whose引导
2.能够用英语描述事物、事件的性质、内容等，由which/that引导
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握scare; seize; drag; struggle; fight; shake; strike; destroy; fear; opportunity; article; touch; naughty 等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握结果状语从句的用法、连词before的用法；现在分词作状语的用法；由who/whom/that/whose/which/that引导的定语从句的用法。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. There she saw a wall of water that has quickly advanced towards her.
Advance的用法：
派生词:
advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
爱因斯坦13岁就能自学高等数学了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。
知识梳理：
(1) vt. 向前推进或移动 The general advanced his men at night.
(2) vi 前进或进步
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
两个月过去了，这项工程已有进展。
(3) n. 前进，进展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他时刻注意着医学上的进步。
相关归纳：
(1) in advance 在前头，预先，事先
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。
(2) in advance of 在……前面；比……进步；超过
In the 800 meters race, Tom was 1 meter in advance of Jack.
(3) on the advance (物价)在上涨
The price has been on the advance
2. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。
Before 有以下几种用法：
(1)表示主句的动作或时间持续了很长时间从句的动作才发生
We had sailed four days before we finally saw the land.
我们一直航行了四天才看见了陆地。
(2)表示主句的动作或时间持续了很短时间从句的动作就发生了
We hadn’t run a mile before we felt tired.
我们才跑了一里的路程我们就觉得累了。
(3) 还没来得及……一个动作就发生了
Before I could say thanks to him, he had left in a hurry.
我还没来的及向他表示，他就匆匆忙忙离开了。
(4) 趁还没怎么样 去做一个动作
Before you forget it, write it down.
趁你还没忘记赶快把它记下。
注意以下几种句型：
(1)It will be +一段时间+before 从句 再过一段时间才能怎么样
It will be 5 years before we meet again.
再过5年我们才能再次相见。
(2) It won’t +before 从句 过了不久某个事情就发生了
It won’t be long before we meet again.
再过不久我们就能再次相见了
(3) It was +一段时间+before 从句 过了一段时间某事发生了
He went abroad in 1998. It was 5 years before he returned.
1998年他出国了。过了5年他就回国了。
(4) It wasn’t long +一段时间+before 从句 过了不久某个事情就发生了
He went abroad in 1998. It wasn’t long before he returned.
1998年他出国了。过了不久他就回国了。
3. She looked around and saw Jeff running.
感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 +宾补
(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing, 表示宾补的动作正在发生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 + do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。
(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 + done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在树上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet.
Struggle的用法
(1)n.挣扎；奋斗；努力
The struggle for existence生存竞争
Don’t give up without a struggle.不要未经努力就放弃。
（2）struggle with/against…向（同）……作斗争
He has been struggling with illness for years.
他与疾病搏斗了许多年。
He struggled with thief for a while.
他与小偷搏斗了一会。
（3）struggle for…/struggle to do sth.为……而奋斗，努力做……
He has been struggling foe success in his business.
为使事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
She struggled to keep back the tears.
她努力忍住泪水。
（4）struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来。
The old woman struggled to her feet and struggled along the road to her home.
老太太挣扎着站起来，向家里走去。
相关归纳：
Get on one’s feet站立起来（表动作）。
Stand on one’s feet站着（表状态）
Rise to one’s feet站起来
Jump to one’s feet跳起来
Bring someone to his feet扶起某人
Help someone to his feet帮某人站起来。
5. The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed
destroy的用法
派生词:
destruction n.摧毁，毁灭，毁坏； destructive adj.破坏性的；毁灭性的
destroy vt. 彻底毁坏；摧垮
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
damage, destroy, ruin
(1)damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to sth.连用。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
(2)destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等打破。
(3)ruin则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像 destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。
The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
6. ... she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar. ……
她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。
He bought some reference books, which were all about science.
他买了许多的参考资料．都是有关理科的。
which 作为关系代词．
(1)既可以引导限制性定语从句,这时that与which很多时候可以互换；
The train which/that left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北京的火车按时进站了。
(2)也可以引导非限制性定语从句，这时先行词可以是一个名词或名词短语、也可以是一个完整的句子。
His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。
He came late for school, which made his teacher angry他来晚了，这使老师很生气。
注意：关系代词that, which和who的区别
(1)．在only，no，any，little，much，all之后，以及先行词带有最高级修饰语时，一般多用that不用which，但all指人时，用who不用that。例如：
This is the only book that we can borrow．
That is the best film that I have seen so far．
The book contains much／little that is useful．
All who know him like him very much．
Say all that you know．
(2)．that不能像which，whom那样放在介词之后，而必须将介词调到句末。例如：
The man that／who you talked with yesterday is my uncle．或The man with whom you talked yesterday is my uncle．
This is the cage in which Polly lives．或This is the cage that／which Polly lives in．
(3)．人和物并列作先行词时，在the same，the very，the last和序数词之后时，常用that，一般不用which或who。例如：
She was the first／the last students that came this morning．
He made a speech on the men and things that he had seen in Canada．
Looking at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street．
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday．
This is the very book that I have been looking for．
(4)．前面有who，which，what等疑问代词时，定语从句的关系代词应用that，不用who或which。例如：
Who is the man that is standing by the door？
Who that has such a home does not love it？
Which is the dog that you lost yesterday？
What that you say does not interest him？
7. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.
洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒下，被洪水冲断了。
must可以用于对肯定或有把握的事情或情况表示推测，意思是“必定，准是”。有以下四种结构：
(1) must + do表示对现在情况的推测。
—He entered the room just now. He must be here.
他刚刚进屋，他一定在这里。
—I’m sorry he isn’t here. He must have left already.
抱歉，他不在这儿。他准是走了。
(2) must + have done表示对过去情况的推测。
He must have stayed up last night, for he is a little tired in the morning.
他昨晚一定熬夜了，因为他早晨就有点疲惫。
—Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
汤姆很年轻就大学毕业了。
—Oh, he must have been a very smart boy then.
那么，他一定是一个很聪明的小伙子。
(3) must + be doing表示对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测。
There will be an English test tomorrow. He must be preparing for it now.
明天要考英语，他现在一定在准备考试。
(4)must have been doing表示对过去某个时候或某段时间正在发生的动作的推测。
I must have been sleeping when you telephoned me last night.
当你昨晚给我打电话的时候我一定正在睡觉。
注意：can/could, may/might 亦有以上四种结构但是要注意的是
(1) can/could 用于疑问句和否定句中表示推测。
That can’t be our class teacher. He has gone to Beijing.
那一定不是我们的班主任，他已经去北京了。
You can’t have met our class teacher. He has gone to Beijing.
你刚才不可能见到班主任了，他已经去北京了。
(2) may/might用于肯定句和否定句中表示推测。
(3)在肯定句中表示推测时must的语气比may/might强。
(4)在否定句中表示推测时can/could的语气比may/might强。
（5）情态动词can/could，must和may/might表示推测时，其反意疑问句不能用情态动词，必须去掉情态动词之后在句子本来意义的基础上进行反问。
He must have seen the film.可以理解为He has seen the film.，所以反意疑问句用hasn’t he？He must have seen the film yesterday.可以理解为He saw the film yesterday.，所以反意疑问句用didn’t he？
8. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started to crying.
whose+ 名词=of which + the + n.= the + n.
(1) (用作关系代词)那个人的,那些人的;他(她)们;他(她)们的
Chopin, whose works are world-famous, composed some of his music in this room.
肖邦的音乐作品举世闻名,其中的一部分就是在这间屋子里创作的。
The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.
你拿了那女士的伞,她为此很生气。
(2) (用作关系代词)它的;它们的
The word, whose meaning escapes me, probably derives from Latin.
那个词可能源自拉丁文,其意思我想不起来了。
9. Another wave struck the house.
strike 的用法vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打，击，砍，敲
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
(2) 打中，击中；撞，触礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。
（3）（某种想法）忽然出现；使（某人）突然意识到
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我们深受感动的是，甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。
（4） 给某人某种印象
---How did it strike you 你觉得它如何？
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。
（5）（钟）敲响
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲12点。
(6)=hit 指疾病、火灾、自然灾害等突然袭击
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。
(7) 罢工 （也可用做名词）
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。
注意： strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
(1)strike 常表示用力打或敲
(2)hit 有“撞击，袭击”之意，比strike稍弱一些，指一次性的打击或击中
The ship hit a rock and wrecked.
船触礁撞毁了。
(3)beat：① 连续有节奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.
③ (鸟翼) 扑动
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
④ 打败；打赢；取胜
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
(4)tap 指轻拍
He tapped me on the shoulder.
她轻轻地拍拍我的肩。
He tapped the ashes out of his pipe.
他轻轻地将烟斗里的烟灰敲出来。
(5)knock 指敲打并伴有响声，还可表示打倒、撞翻
He knocked at the door and entered.
他敲了敲门便走进去了。
10. A terrible noise went through the house.
go through的用法：
（1） 经历，经受
He would go through fire and water for his county.
他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。
（2） 仔细检查，审查
They went through our luggage at the customs.
海关人员仔细的检查了我们的行李
（3） 浏览
We spent several days going through all related reference materials.
我们花好几天时间查了相关的参考资料
（4） 通过，穿过
Can the table go through the door
这张桌子能过得了那扇门吗？
（5） 花完，用掉
How long will it take you to go through the book
看完这本书你的用多长时间？
11. The child’s small body shook with fear.
fear的用法
派生词:
fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的
fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
知识梳理：
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑；担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
相关归纳：
(1)be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
(3) for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
(4) have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)
(5) with fear 吓得，怕得（表示原因）
His face went pale with fear.
(6) fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑……
12. Just try and you’ll see you can do it.
只要尽力你会发现你能做。
祈使句+and（or）sb. will(won’t)…是个固定句型，祈使句在此表示条件.假设，而后面部分陈述相应可能出现的结果。可以替换由条件状语从句加主句构成的复合句型。
Study hard and you will succeed努力学习，你会成功的。
Hurry up or step and I will kill you.
再走一步我就杀死你。
注意：(1)陈述部分要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
(2)表示条件的可以用祈使句，也可以用名词短语。
(3)会把祈使句与条件状语从句、以及分词之间相互转换。
One more word and I will kill you.
再说另外一句话，我就把你杀死。
Study hard and you will succeed
=If you study hard, you will succeed.
=Studying hard, you will succeed.
努力学习，你会成功的。
13. get it 明白了
get it 常用于口语中，问与答都适用，it没有实际意义。有一些句子中，it虽然没有明确的意义，但用法已经固定下来，并成为人们日常的习惯用语。
相关归纳：
(1)I can’t help it 我没有办法。
(2)That’s it.这就对了！
(3)Get with it !振作精神！
(4)Keep at it !坚持下去！
(5)Go it while you are young.趁你还年轻就努力干吧。
(6)Make it 按时到达某处，办事成功；约定时间；及时赶上（火车，轮船等）
(7)kick it 戒掉
(8)like it/hate it that/when…喜欢/讨厌……
(9)see to it that…确保…
(10)depend on it that…依靠……
(11)answer for it that…对……负责
(12)have had it受够了；吃尽了苦头；无法忍受；生命没救
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：used to
(1) used to do sth. 过去常常……(现在已不如此)
We used to grow beautiful roses.
注意：否定句和疑问句有两种
You usedn’t to make that mistake.
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you / use(d)n't you
(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 习惯于
I have always been used to hard work.
He got used to living in the country.
(3) be used to do 被用来做……
This knife is used to cut bread.
表示“过去常常……”时，used to与would区别：
(1) would 只强调“过去常常……”，used to 说明现在不是如此。
The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。
There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
易混易错点1：however
however主要有三个义项：
（1）然而，可是；仍然adv.。 作此意时，其显著特点是与逗号连用。
He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
他感觉不舒服，但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time.
（=But I think we should go to school on time.）
雨很大，然而我想我们还是应该按时去上学。
（2）无论多么；不管多么。通常与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于该形容词或副词+ever引导的状语从句。
即：however +adj./adv. +主语+ 谓语=no matter how + adj./adv.
However hard it’s raining, we should go to school on time.
=No matter how hard it’s raining, we should go to school on time.
无论雨下得多大，我们还是应该按时去上学。
She has the window open, however cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷，她都开着窗户。
However carefully I explained, she still didn’t understand.
无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。
(3)不管以何种方式；以任何方式
You may dress however you wish.
你可以以你喜欢的任一方式穿衣服。
易混易错点2：删去
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. _____ I could get a word in, the person went off in a hurry.
A. Before B. When C. While D. after
变式1. Strike the iron _____it is hot.
A. Before B. When C. While D. after
变式2. I t will be 5 years _____ we meet again.
A. Before B. When C. While D. after
变式3. I t won’t long before we ______ another party.
A. hold B. are to hold C. will hold D. has held
解析：1. 考查before 的其中一个用法------还没来得及……一个动作就发生了。答案：B
变式1. before 与 while 都有趁的含义。但是要注意的是：before后接的从句中的动词是非延续性的；而while后接的从句中的动词是延续性的。答案：C
变式2 固定句型。答案：A
变式3. before后接的从句中的动词要用一般现在时代替一般将来是。答案：A
总结：before引导的时间状语从句的各种用法都很重要，命题时常常把before和相关连词的用法一起考查，大大增加了试题的难度。
2. I’m thinking of losing weight these days.
You ____ be out of mind. You are thin enough.
A. will B. should C. must D .may
变式1—What’s that terrible smell
—Oh, I forgot about the chicken! Look, it !
A．may be burnt B．ought to be boiling
C．can be cooking D．must be burning
变式2. The temperature in our city ________ fall to 13℃ below freezing in winter.
A. shall B. can C. must D. should
变式3. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we __________ during the day.
A. may have done B. would have done
C. should have done D. must have done
变式4. —Look! The clouds are gathering.
—Yes .I’m afraid it be pouring down soon.
A．can B．must C．should D．might
变式5. He can’t have attended the party last night, because I didn’t see him at that time, ______
A. can he B. did he C. has he D .was he
变式6.---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone yesterday afternoon
--- We ________ kites in the yard when you phoned.
A. could be flying B. might have flied
C. must have been flying D. should be flying
解析:2.根据语境可以确定是表示对现在状态的有把握的推测。“你一定疯了”。答案：C
变式1. 根据语境可以确定是表示对现在正发生的动作的极其有把握的推测.答案：D
变式2. can用在肯定句中表示推测是指有时可能会怎么样。答案：B
变式3. “不管我们白天可能做了什么事情”可知是表示对已经发生的事情的把握不太大的推测。答案：A
变式4. may/might/could 用于肯定句中表示对现在或将来把我不大的推测。答案：D
变式5. 因为有表过去的具体时间状语，所以要用did这一助动词。答案：B
变式6. must have been doing表示对过去某个时候或某段时间正在发生的动作的推测。答案：C
3. He is very young; , he know a lot.
A. however B. though C. still D. yet
变式1. He is very young; he know a lot， .
A. however B. though C. still D. yet
变式2. You can travel _____ you like. It is all the same to me.
A. however B. though C. whatever D. yet
变式3. ____ much it may take, I will buy the book.
A. however B. though C. whatever D. yet
解析：3. however然而，可是；仍然adv.， 作此意时，其显著特点是与逗号连用。答案：A
变式1. though 用在adv.译为“然而，可是；仍然”要用在句子最后边。答案：B
变式2. 不管以何种方式；以任何方式。答案：A
变式3. 无论多么；不管多么。通常与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于该形容词或副词+ever引导的状语从句。答案：D
4. An earthquake ____ the area on a cold night.
A. struck B. hit on C. seized D. attack
变式1. A good idea _____ Tom, when he was wandering in the room.
A. struck B. hit on C. seized D. attack
解析：4.考查“strike”的其中一个重要用法。指疾病、火灾、自然灾害等突然袭击答案：A.
变式1.想起“注意”的三个典型表述方法: (1) sth. strike sb.
(2) sb. hit on/ upon (3) It occurred to sb that从句。
5. This is the desk, ______desk is broken.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. that
变式1. This is the desk, ______the desk is broken.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. that
解析：5. 分析可知定语从句中的“desk”缺少定语。所以答案A：
变式1. whose+ 名词=of which + the n. 答案：B
6. Get up early _____ you will catch the early bus.
A. or B. and C. so D. because
变式1. One more step _____ you will fall into the river.
A. or B. and C. so D. because
变式２. Start out right away, ________you’ll miss the first train.
A. and B. but C. or D. while
变式３._____ , you will pass the exam.
A. Study hard B. Studying hard C. To study hard D. Studied hard
解析：6. 此题考查“祈使句+and /or +句子”这一句型。这一句型在高考中经常考察，要特别注意祈使句省略动词的情况 ：(Walk)one more step, and the little boy will fall into the well.所以答案选B
变式1. 在“祈使句+and /or +句子”这一句型中，除了用祈使句表示条件外也可以用名词短语表示条件，名词短语相当于祈使句的省略。在该题中One more step=Walk one more step所以答案选B
变式2.该句意思是“立刻出发否则你会赶不上火车的”。否则可以用or/or else/otherwise
变式3.该题考查现在分词做状语表示条件的用法。选A的话应该加and.所以答案选B
课后题：
1. He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
2. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep C. turn to D. look after
3. I’m thinking of losing weight these days.
You ____ be out of mind. You are thin enough.
A. will B. should C. must D .may
4． _____ better understanding of physics is necessary for this ____ course.
A. The; advanced B. A; advanced
C. The; advance D.A; advancing
5. The worker could not help ____ by the beautiful scenery of Guilin.
A. striking B. to be struck C. being stuck D. to strike
解析：
1. 对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done。
2. hold on to意为“留着不卖，不放弃”。
答语意思为“你一定是疯了，你已经够瘦了。”用must在肯定句中表示语气非常肯定的推测。答案:C
这里的understanding表示泛指意义，故用不定冠词；advanced做形容词表示“高级的”答案：B
由句意可知could not help为禁不住的意义，应接doing结构。由题意得知用被动语态所以答案为：C
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Unit 12 Art and literature
考纲要求：
◆ 考纲规定的考试范围:
重点单词与短语treat; literature; comedy; local; exhibition; power; magic; series; forehead; miserable; habit; whisper; stupid; announcement；in trouble; come across; believe in; turn around; make friends with
句型
He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. when 的用法
The next time you look for a tape, don't just look for Chinese or American music. 名词引导时间状语从句
It looked as if the creature had moved. as if 的用法
语法：定语从句（who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where, why）
◆ 复习本章要达到的目标
1. 掌握treat; local; exhibition; power; magic; series; forehead; miserable; habit; whisper; stupid; announcement；in trouble; come across; believe in; turn around; make friends with等重点单词及短语的用法。
2. 掌握名词引导时间状语从句的用法； as if 的用法; 定语从句的引导词之间的区别等。
教材知识归纳
◆知识归纳
1. His parents are dead and he lives with a family that treats him badly.
treat的用法：
知识梳理：
动词的主要义项有：
（3） 以……态度对待；以……方式对待；
They treated me as one of the family, which was very kind of them.
他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。
My parents still treat me like a child.
我的父母依旧把我当小孩一样看待。
（2）医疗；医治；治疗。
He is seriously ill, and is being treated in hospital now.
他病得很重，现正在医院接受治疗。
She was treated for sunstroke(中暑).
她因为中暑而被治疗。
（3）招待；款待；请（客）；买（可享受的东西）。treat sb./oneself to sth.
She treated him to lunch.
她请他吃午饭。
I’m going to treat myself to a cup of beer..
我要请自己喝一杯啤酒
名词义项有：乐趣；乐事；款待。
When I was young, chocolate was a treat.
当我年轻的时候吃巧克力是一件快乐的事。
Let’s go out for lunch— my treat.
走我们去吃饭吧，今天我请客。
相关归纳：以下短语都表示“把A 当作B”
treat A as B ；consider A as B; look on/upon A as B; think of A as B; take A as B;
regard A as B; view A as B
He viewed your hitting his dog as your attack its owner.
他把你打他的狗看作是对主人的攻击。
2. Two people may speak different languages, have different habits,
habit的用法：
相关归纳：
（1）be in the habit of =have the/a habit of有……的习惯（或脾气）
I’m not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment.
我没有让陌生人进入我的房间的习惯。
（2）get into/fall into/develop/pick up the habit of养成……的习惯
I’ve got into the habit of turning on TV as soon as I get home.
我已经养成了一到家就看电视的习惯。
（3）break/get out of the habit of戒除……的习惯
I’m trying to break the habit of staying up too late.
我正试着戒除熬夜的习惯。
(4) give up / kick the habit of戒除……的习惯
He has kicked the habit of smoking,
他已经戒除了吸烟的习惯。
(5) do sth. out of habit/from habit
I smoke only out of habit.
我吸烟只是出于一种习惯。
(6) make a habit of it
You can borrow some money this time, but don’t make it a habit of it.
这一次你可以借些钱，但下不为例。
3. …Harry comes across at Hogwarts help him understand the real world.
come across
相关归纳:
（1）+sb./sth.（偶然）遇见，碰到，发现
I came across children sleeping under bridge.
我偶然碰见了睡在桥下的那些孩子。
（2）被理解，被弄懂，给人以……印象，使产生……印象
He spoke a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across.
他讲了很长一段时间，但是他的意思没有真正的被理解。
She comes across well in interviews.
在采访中她给人留下了深刻影响。
注意：come across 当（偶然）遇见，碰到时等于run across = run into = meet sb./sth. by chance = meet with
4. Harry offers to help the poor.
offer的用法：
知识梳理：
(1)offer sb. sth / sth. to sb 向某人提供／提出……
He offered me a glass of wine.
他端给我一杯酒。
(2)offer (sb) some money for sth (向某人)出价……购买……
We offered him the calculator for US$50.
这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
(3) offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
He offered to lend me some books.
他表示要借给我几本书。
(4) 提供,提议
Thank you for your kind offer of help.
感谢你想给予帮助的好意。
He made an offer of help, but I refused politely.
他提议要帮助我,但是我谢绝了。
5. The play will be on the air.
on the air/in the air/by air/in the open air的用法区别:
(1)on the air表示(用无线电、电视)播送节目。
What’s on the air this evening
今晚的广播内容是什么？
These programs come on the air every day.
这些节目每天广播。
其反义词为go off the air“停止广播”。
This radio station goes off the air at midnight.
这家广播电台于午夜停止广播。
(2)in the air表示“在空中、在流传中、（问题，计划等）悬而未决（未确定的）”。
Before the matter was publicly announced, it had long been in the air.
这件事在公诸于世之前早就传得满城风雨了。
The plan is quite in the air.
这个计划还很渺茫。
(3)by air 表示“乘飞机、由航空”。
He went to Shanghai by air.
他乘飞机去上海.
(4)in the open air 表示“在户外、在露天里”。
People love life in the open air.
人们喜欢露天生活。
6. His friends help him when he is in trouble.
in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦
A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble.
一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人们。
相关归纳：
（1）be a great trouble to 对……来说很麻烦
The naughty boy is a great trouble to his busy parents.
那个淘气的小男孩对他的父母来说是一个大麻烦。
（2）ask for trouble 自找麻烦
Don’t ask for trouble.
别自找麻烦。
（3）have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事困难
They dad trouble in finding the answer to the problem.
他们在找到问题的答案上费了很大的困难。
（4）get into trouble 陷入困境
What he said in the meeting got him into trouble.
他在会议上说的话使他陷入了麻烦。
（5）make trouble 制造麻烦
My little brother often makes trouble in my study.
我的小弟弟常在我的书房捣乱。
（6）take trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
Thank you for the great trouble you have taken to help me with my English.
谢谢你不辞辛劳的帮助我学习英语。
（7）put sb. to trouble 给某人添麻烦
I am very sorry to have put you to trouble.
非常抱歉给你添了那么多烦恼。
（8）put sb. to the trouble of doing 麻烦某人做某事
Can I put you to the trouble of change such a large note
麻烦你给我调换一张大的纸币。
7. You must believe in what you do and who you are…
believe 的用法总结：
(1)believe in的用法：
①信仰
Christians believe in Jesus.
基督徒信仰耶稣。
②信任=trust ab.
We believe in him.= We trust him.
我们信任他。
③相信...的效用
Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.
吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处。
He believes in getting up early.
他相信早起床的价值。
(2)It’s believed that 从句
It is believed that he will win the first prize in the contest.
人们相信他会在竞赛中获得一等奖的。
(3)believe it or not 信不信由你
Believe it or not, there will be a film tonight.
信不信由你,今晚将有一场电影。
(4)beyond belief
What he said is beyond belief.
他说的话难以置信。
8. “Did you hear that ” he whispered.
whisper 的用法：
(1)vi.
①低语,耳语;私语
She is whispering to him.
她正对他窃窃私语。
② (风,树叶等)飒飒地响
The wind was whispering in the trees.
风在树林中飒飒作响。
(2) vt.
①低声说出;私下告诉
"She is coming," he whispered.
"她来了,"他低声地说。
n.(可数名词) 耳语,私语
They debated it in whispers.
他们低声辩论。
9. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around.
be about to do sth. when 从句表示“正要做某事的时候什么事情发生了”
=be on the point of doing sth. when 从句
We were about to set out when it began to rain.
=We were on the point of setting when it began to rain.
我们正要出发这时天下雨了。
10. It was as if the creature was watching them.
as if/though 从句的作用
(1) 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。
She looks as if she were ten years younger．
她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
It seems as if our team is going to win．
看来我们队要胜了。
(2) 引导方式状语从句。
She loves the boy as if she were his mother．
她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up．
那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。
(3) as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。
He acts as if （he was） a fool．
他做事像个傻子。
Tom raised his hands as if （he was going） to say something．
汤姆举起手好像要说什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if （she was）angry．
她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
(4.)as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
You look as if you didn’ t care．
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was．
他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
②从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before．
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone．
那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
③从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow． 看来好像要下雪了。
(4) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。： It sounds as if it is raining． 听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk． 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
◆概念提示
重点/热点1：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，就越……
第一个the + 比较级相当于条件状语从句要用现在时表示将来时；第二个the + 比较级相当于主句。
1 The busier he is ,the happier he feels。
越忙他越高兴。
②The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。
3 The more happily we live ,the more we realize how much we owe to the Party。
我们过得越幸福，就会更加认识到共产党的恩情。
④The more I hear, the more I laugh.
越听我笑得越厉害。
重点/热点2：be +of + n.的用法
（1）of + n.（抽象句词）相当于该名词相应的形容词，在句中可用作表语，补语或在名词后做定语，能用于该句型的名词help/use/ value/ importance/humor/determination等其对应的形容词分别为：helpful/ useful/ valuable/ important/humorous/determined .
① This book is of great use/ very useful.这本书很有用。
②His advice is of great value/ very valuable.他的建议很有价值。
③English is of great importance/ very important to us.英语对我们来说很重要。
④He is a man of great determination and we all admire him.
（2）be +of +a +n.用来表示相同或相似
① They are of a height. 他们身高一样。
②The flowers are of a color .这些花颜色一样。
（3）be +of +the same + n.也用来表示相同或相似
① They are of the same height. 他们身高一样。
②The flowers are of the same color .这些花颜色一样。
易混易错点1：If only they could find a way to get to the room, or whatever it was, behind the wall.
他们要是能够找到一条通道进入墙壁后面的那个房间，或无论什么地方，该有多好!
If only 与only if
(1)if only 要是怎么样就好了，后接句子必须要虚拟语气:
①had done sth 指过去的情况
If only you hadn’t told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.
要是你没把我的话告诉杰克就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。
② did sth 指现在的情况
If only I were a bird
要是我是一只小鸟就好了。
③ would/could do sth指将来的情况
If only I would go to Beijing next year.
(2)only if 只有后接句子，位于句首时主句必须倒装。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.
学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
讲题组
◆课内题例与课后题：
课内题例
1. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations.
A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened
变式：1. He lay down in the tent as if _____.
A. to have a sleep B. having a sleep C. slept D. sleeping
变式2. The sky is crowded with clouds. It looks as if it ______.
A. were to rain B. were raining C. will rain D. is going to rain
解析：1.在as if ，as though 引导的方式状语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had +过去分词。答案：D
变式1. 该句意思是“他在帐篷里躺下来好像是为了去睡一觉”应该用不定式。答案：A
变式2. 该题语境表明天空乌云密布，的确有可能下雨，所以就不能用虚拟语气，而应该用真实语气。有迹象表明某事即将发生时要用be going to 所以答案为：D
2. Do you have any information on your son
No. If only I ______ him.
A. hadn’t punished B. haven’t punished
C. didn’t punish D. wouldn’t punish
变式 1. Only if you work harder, _____ succeed.
A. will you B. you will C. do you D. you do
解析：
3. Bill is always a lot of physical exercise to build up his _____.
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
变式1.As everybody knows, heat is a form ______.
A. energy B. force C. power D. mind
解析：3. build up one’s strength 为固定短语“增强体力”。答案：C
变式1.
4. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ____ I picked up the phone.
A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute
变式1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ____ I picked up the phone.
A. immediately B. distantly C. minutely D. quickly
解析：1 the minute为名词引导时间状语从句表示一…就。答案：D
变式1. immediately为副词性连词引导时间状语从句表示一…就。答案：A
5. I was on the point of giving up _____ the police arrived.
A. while B. when C. as D. then
变式1. --The vase cost me almost 100 yuan.
--Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money __ you could buy a much
cheaper one.
A. while B. if C. because D. when
变式2. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true____ it comes to classroom tests．
A．before B．since C．when D．after
解析：5.考查“be on the point of doing sth. +when 从句”这一知识点。答案：B
变式1.when引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要不能位于句首。答案：D
变式2. 考查“when it comes to ”当提到什么”这一句型。答案;C
6.______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
变式1. It was foolish of you to take a taxi _____ the station is so near to us.
A. While B. since C. as D. when
变式2.____ we have no money on us , we could not eat in the restaurant
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析：6.全句意思为：虽然模特行业不容易进入，但优秀的模特总是哪里都需要。While 引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要位于句首。答案：A
变式1.when引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要不能位于句首。答案：D
变式2.since 引导状语从句时这中句型时要位于句首，前后两句话是因果关系，可以等于now (that) 答案：B
课后题：
1. He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he’ll ever _____ with it.
A. come up B. come along C. come in D. come across
2. .Is it a fact that everyone in your town _____ God
A. believes B. believe in C. believes in D. believe
3. .Bob said he was going to _____ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired.
A. press B. add C. touch D. treat
4. .I’ll never forget the years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
5. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
解析：
1. come across (with sth.) “给或交给（钱、资料等）”答案：D
2. that引导的是fact的同位语从句，believe in “信仰，信奉”。答案：B
3. treat---to--- “款待” 答案：D
4. when是关系副词，在第一个定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，代整个主句。答案：B
5. 根据题意可知，新的电影院正在建设之中。答案：D
课后练习题
A组：
1. They carried out experiments to test the new drug.
A. a series of
B. a list of
C. a large amount of
D. a great many of
2. She was an excellent athlete. , that 21-year-old girl won three Olympic medals in track events.
A. Whether believe or not
B. Believing it or not
C. To believe or not
D. Believe it or not
3. he hadn’t finished his work, otherwise he wouldn’t be still working there.
A. It seems that B. It looks that
C. It seems as if D. He seems as if
4. Jane and Robert had enough sense of humor!
A. What if B. Even if
C. If only D. Only if
5. He was about to frighten her when she .
A. turned around B. turned over
C. turned in D. turned on
6. It is reported that the police have been given special to deal with this state of affairs.
A. strength B. energy
C .force D. powers
7. The collection is at the British Museum.
A .on the show B. in show
C. on the exhibition D. on exhibition
8. Over the past few years, the farmers have had a of good harvests which have helped to improve their living standards.
A. collection B. set
C. series D. pile
9. The boy burns at the hospital.
A. treated of B. treated as
C. was treated for D. was treated as
10. Only if the red light comes on any danger to employees.
A. there is B. there was
C. is there D. was there
答案：
1.Ａ a series of指“很多的，一系列的”，Ｃ项只接不可数名词，Ｄ与Ｂ项表达有误。
2.D believe it or not在句中作插入语，“信不信由你”。其他三项皆为错误表达形式。
3.Ｃ 因题目中用了虚拟语气，所以Ａ、Ｂ不能，Ｄ项为错误用法，即seem后接从句时，只能用it做主语。
4.Ｃ If only常用来指愿望，表示“要是……多好啊！”
5.Ａ turn around指“转过身来”。
6.Ｄ 句意：据报道警察已获得处理这一事务的特殊权力。strength“力量；力气；人力”；energy“能量；能源”；force“力；强制力；暴力”。
7.Ｄ 句意为“那批收藏品目前在大英博物馆展出。”on exhibition等于on show。
8.Ｃ series一系列的。
9.C 句意为“那个男孩因烧伤在医院接受治疗。”treat sb for sth治疗某人某病。
案为Ｃ。又如：The doctor treated her for earache.医生给她治疗耳痛。
注意：cure sb of a disease治愈某人的病。
10.C only if“只有”，常用在句首，主句要用倒装句，根据从句的时态可知选Ｃ。
单词拼写：
1. We went to an ——（展出） of Chinese paintings at the museum.
2 Then began a （连续）of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
3. His （前额）feels very hot, he must be ill.
4. Too much work has been placed on his （肩膀）.
5. We were eager to hear the （宣布） of the winner of the race.
6. "She is coming," he （低声说）.
7. They are the two main （角色）in the play.
8. He never read these books, for he had long lost the （习惯）of reading.
9. He is going to perform （魔术） at the party.
10. _____（当地的）conditions must be taken into account in mapping out the plan.
答案: 1. exhibition 2. series 3. forehead 4. shoulders 5. announcement
6. whispered 7. characters 8. habit 9. magic 10. Local
B组：
1、 汉译英
1.她请他吃午饭。
2.我习惯了一回家就打开电视。
3.我与简毫无共同之处。
4.我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。
5.你过去常见到她，是吗？
6.虽然我理解你的观点，但我并不同意你的意见。
7.他们俩并不都是学生。]
8.到目前为止我们已经学会了5000个汉字。
答案:
1. She treated him to lunch.
2. I’ve got into the habit of turning on TV as soon as I get home.
3. Jane and I have nothing in common./I have nothing in common with Jane.
4. I came across children sleeping under bridge.
5. You used to see a lot of her, didn’t you
6. While I understand your opinion, I don’t agree with you.
7. Not both of them are students.=Both of them are not students.
8. We have learned 5000 characters so far.
改错题：
1. If only we took Mr. Wang’s advice, we wouldn’t be in trouble now.
2. I was about to go out while it began to rain.
3. Because of poor management, the company is in the trouble.
4. He turned up all at once like magically.
5. There are many exhibitions on show.
6. They have gotten into the habit of reading books for many years.
7. They are good friends but they have different habit.
8. You can have your poem broadcast on radio.
答案：1. took 改为had taken 2. while改为when 3. the去掉
4. magically改为magic 5. exhibitions改为exhibits
6. gotten into改为in 7. habit.改为Habits 8. on后加the
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